Archana More (9414)

What is post production ?Post-production is part of the

film & news making process. It occurs in the making of motion pictures, television programs, radio programs, advertising, videos, audio recordings, photography and digital art. It is term for all stages of production occurring after the actual end of shooting and/or recording the completed work.

Definition of post production The part of the motion picture (film/TV/video)

making process which occurs after the primary shooting stage. This is when editing happens, music is composed and sound mixed, visual effects is considered post-production.

Everything that happens to the video and audio after production, ie after the footage has been shot. Post production includes video editing, audio editing, titling, colour correction, effects, etc.

Post production Brings all the pieces together.

It is usually the most expensive and time consuming production phase.

Post production can be extremely complicated, involving such fundamentally different systems as linear and nonlinear.

Post-production includes:

Editing the picture or footage.Writing, (re)recording, and editing the

soundtrack.Adding visual special effects.Sound Design, Sound Effects, ADR, and

Music, culminating in a process known as sound re-recording or mixing.

Transfer of film to Video or Data and Color grading.

Digital audio editorA digital audio

editor is a computer application for audio editing, i.e. manipulating digital audio. Digital audio editors are the main software component of a digital audio workstation.

Audio editing software  

Film editingFilm editing is part of the

process of filmmaking. It involves the selection and combining of shots into sequences, and ultimately creating a finished motion picture. It is an art of storytelling.

Editing is often referred to as the "invisible art“

because when it is well-practiced, the viewer can become so engaged that he or she is not even aware of the editor's work.

Editor must creatively work with the layers of images, story, dialogue, music, pacing, as well as the actors' performances to effectively "re-imagine" and even rewrite.

Editing techniquesSeven "rules of cutting" that a good editor should

follow:Rule 1: Never make a cut without a positive

reason.Rule 2: When undecided about the exact frame

to cut on, cut long rather than short.Rule 3: Whenever possible cut 'in movement‘.Rule 4: The 'fresh' is preferable to the 'stale'.

Rule 5: All scenes should begin and end with continuing action.

Rule 6: Cut for proper values rather than proper 'matches'.

Rule 7: Substance first—then form.

Sound effectSound effects or audio effects are artificially

created or enhanced sounds, or sound processes used to emphasize artistic or other content of films, television shows, live performance, news, animation, video games, music, or other media.

In motion picture and television production, a sound effect is a sound recorded and presented to make a specific storytelling or creative point without the use of dialogue or music.

In professional motion picture and television production, dialogue, music, and sound effects recordings are treated as separate elements. Dialogue and music recordings are never referred to as sound effects.

Special effectThe illusions used in the film, television news,

theatre, or entertainment industries to simulate the imagined events in a story are traditionally called special effects.

Special effects are traditionally divided into the categories of optical effects and mechanical effects.

Optical effects Optical effects (also called

photographic effects), are techniques in which images or film frames are created photographically, either "in-camera" using multiple exposure, mattes, or the Schüfftan process, or in post-production processes using an optical printer.

An optical effect might be used to place actors or sets against a different background.

Mechanical effects Mechanical effects (also called

practical or physical effects), are usually accomplished during the live-action shooting.

This includes the use of mechanized props, scenery, scale models, pyrotechnics and Atmospheric Effects: creating physical wind, rain, fog, snow, clouds etc.

Mechanical effects are often incorporated into set design and makeup. For example, a set may be built with break-away doors or walls to enhance a fight scene, or prosthetic makeup can be used to make an actor look like a monster.

Video editingThe term video editing can

refer to:non-linear editing system, -

using computers with video editing software

linear video editing, - using videotape

vision mixing, -when working with live video signals

Two types of EditingLinear EditingThe linear editing system normally requires two source

VTRs that contain the original material that recorded in camera and the record VTR, which produces the final edit master tape.

Nonlinear EditingIn Non linear editing they tranfer all the videotapes to a

computer disk and then they edit the video and audio portions.

Video editing softwareVideo editing software,

also known as Non Linear Editing (NLE), is application software which handles the editing of video sequences on a computer. NLE systems replace traditional flatbed celluloid editing tools and analogue video tape-to-tape machines.

NLE software is typically based on a timeline interface paradigm where sections of moving image video recordings, known as clips, are laid out in sequence and played back.

The NLE offers a range of tools for trimming, splicing, cutting and arranging clips across the timeline. As digital NLE systems have advanced their toolset their role has expanded and most consumer and professional NLE systems alike now include a host of features for colour manipulation, titling and visual effects, as well as tools for editing and mixing audio in conjunction with the image.

Video tape recorder (VTR)A video tape recorder (VTR), is a tape recorder

that can record video material.When video recording was first invented, video

was recorded onto individual tape reels, as were audio recordings. Loading a videotape reel required threading of the tape through rollers and across recording and playback heads onto a takeup reel. Reel-to-reel recorders have inherent problems of tape damage from hand-threading, tape media contamination due to threading with bare hands, and an exposed tape path contaminated by dust.

   First Video Recorder

First commercially produced reel to reel video tape recorder.

suitcase-sized "portable“ reel-to-reel video tape recorder.

1995 Panasonic D5 Digital VTR