archaeological applications of stable isotope analysis: subsistence and residential mobility in the...
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Archaeological applications of stable isotope analysis: subsistence and residential mobility in the Chao Valley of Peru
Jonathan D. Bethard, MADepartment of AnthropologyThe University of Tennessee
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“For in the seemingly little and insignificant things that accumulate to create a lifetime, the essence of our existence is captured.”
– James Deetz (1977)
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Research Goals
1) Utilize established isotopic methods to investigate diet and residential mobility at Santa Rita B
2) Define previously unreported isotopic ranges for the Chao Valley
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Location of Site
Santa Rita B
N
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CA3
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CA3
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Demographics from CA3Entierro Sex Age
1 F 15 – 18
2 M 25 – 30
3 ? 10 – 12
4 ? 5 – 9
5 ? 10 –12
8 M 35 – 40
9 M? 12 – 16
10 ? 8 – 10
11 ? 9 – 11
TOTAL n = 9
* AMS Dates: cal. AD 1030 - 1240
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Entierro 2 Entierro 3 Entierro 9
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Stable Isotope Analyses
• Human bones/teeth reflect the isotopic composition of consumed foods
– Collagen and apatite
• Carbon isotopes: differentiate type of consumed plants
• Nitrogen isotopes: differentiate terrestrial from marine protein sources
• Strontium isotopes: reflect geological bedrock and differentiate locals from non-locals
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Materials and Methods
• Samples obtained during 2006/2007 field seasons
• Collagen: Ambrose (1990)
• Apatite: Balasse et al. (2002)– Finnigan MAT 252 mass spectrometer interfaced with an
Elemental Analyzer and Kiel III Device
• Sr purified following Pin and Bassin (1992)– Nu Plasma Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass
Spectrometer
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Chao Valley Strontium• Petford and colleagues (1996)
– 0.704108 to 0.705710
N
Local Range (Santa Rita B):0.7050 – 0.7056
Local Range (Moche):0.7069 – 0.7087
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Discussion
• 1) C/N isotopes are effective for evaluating diet– Maize-based agriculture
– Coastal location not a definite indicator of marine consumption
• 2) Sr isotopes are effective for characterizing mobility– ‘Local’ signature must be established first
– Useful for determining if non-locals are present
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Future Directions
• Continue using carbon isotopes to investigate introduction of maize
• Investigate geography and marine resource exploitation
• Characterize other north coast Sr local signatures
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Acknowledgements
• Dr. Stanley Ambrose
• Dr. Kelly Knudson
• Dr. Lori Baker
• Justin Glessner, MS
• UIUC and ISGS laboratory personnel
• Dr. Dan Weinand
• Prof. Marty Salter
• Dr. Ann Kronk
• National Institute of Culture – (Peru)
• Profs. Victor Vasquez and Teresa Rosales
• Dr. Jonathan Kent
• Dr. Catherine Gaither
The William M. Bass Endowment funded this research.
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