ARCH NOTESPresident's Communique

Editorial

MCTRNewsNotes on Maps I

Tulips Ceremonially Planted

New Middleport Dates

Peterborough County Jail

Impressions of OAS Symposium

Letters to the Editor

Memories of OAS Trip

From the OAS Office

OAS ChaptersOAS Provincial Officers

Norma Knowlton 3

Suzanne Needs-Howarth 5Bernice Field & Penny Young 6

Robert & Jack MacDonald 7

Charles Garrod 12

Lawrence Jackson 13Alison Ariss 18

Gary Warrick 19

20Charles Garrad 22

Charles Garrad 252728

newsletter published byThe Ontario Archaeological Society Inc.

126 Willowdale Avenue, North York, Ontario M2N 4Y2

The major event forthe OAS since the lastissue ofArch Notes was the 1994Sympo-sium,withall the attendant activities, heldOctober 21-23.The theme, "Origins of thePeople ofthe Longhouse",was followed ina logical and informativeseries of papers.The speakers ably presentated newideas, thus ensuring that the audiencewas treated to the latest results of currentresearch. The remarks delivered by themoderator, Gary Warrick, served to con-nect the various papers in a cohesiveway. Our appreciation is extended to himfor doing an excellent job.

Alsoconnected withthe Symposium wereseveral other events worth mentioning.The Annual Business Meeting was rea-sonably well attended. The memberswere given reports by the various Direc-tors, by the Editorof Ontario Archaeologyand by the Chair of the Education Com-mittee, about the state of the projectfunded by the federal "Access to Archae-ology Program", the Discover OntarioArchaeology kit for schools and publicspeakers. A Special Publication of theOntario Archaeological Society was alsolaunched: Zooarchaeological Analysis onOntario Sites:An Annotated Bibliographyby Janet Cooper and Howard Savage.The Saturday evening banquet featuredChief Jacob Thomas of the Six NationsReserve in Brantford, who spoke from theperspective of a present-day Iroquoian.The Emerson Medal was awarded toJames Pendergast for his many years ofresearch on the St. Lawrence Iroquois.His record is truly impressive, especiallyconsidering it was all done by an avoca-tional archaeologist (the first criterion for

the Emerson Medal). Five membersreceived Twenty-Five Year Pins, four ofthose in absentia.

The Thunder Bay Chapter has put for-ward a proposal to host Symposium 1995.Although they willbe looking into ways ofmaking the journey to Northern Ontarioas inexpensive and easy as possible, itwouldbe a good idea to start saving yourmoney and planning the mode of trans-port. It is possible that the meeting maybe held a little earlier in October so thatdog sled will not have to be one of theoptions. To anyone who has not been"north of Superior": the journey is wellworth the effort!

Quicklyfollowingon the Symposium wasanother public event. on November 2.Through the tremendous organizationaleffortsofJane Sacchetti, the OAS had theopportunity to forge an "Italian connec-tion".We became one ofthe non-financialsponsors of a lecture by Italian archaeol-ogists about Isernia -La Pineta, reputed tobe the oldest Homo erectus campsite inEurope. We also hosted a reception (alsoorganized by Jane) where visiting archae-ologists from Italycould meet archaeolo-gists, geologists, zooarchaeologists andarchaeobotanists in Ontario. This wasapparently one of the highlights of theirvisit to Toronto. Thanks are owing toHoward Savage forofferingthe faunal labas the venue.

As ofthe end of the year we willbe losingthe services of three members who haveserved long and diligently for the OAS. Ifyou read the editorialat the end of the lastArch Notes, you will know that Michael

Kirbyhas stepped down as editor of thenewsletter,after fillingthis post for twentyyears. In this time he has transformedArch Notes froma fewtypewritten pagesto a professional lookingpublication.

ChristineKirbyhas also resigned as chairof the Symposium, Lectures and OpenHouse Committee, a position she has fil-led "since the Palaeo lithic Era" (to quoteTony Stapells). I'm sure both Mike andChris willbe able to find lots of less de-manding things to do with their sparetime.

Lastly, Tony Stapells has declined tostand for a directorship in 1995;he hasserved faithfullyand withenthusiasm forthe last three years, after having led theToronto Chapter. Best wishes to all ofyou, and have a well-deserved rest.

And so, who is going to fill these veryimportant positions? Mike has suc-ceeded in finding us an enthusiastic re-placement, who has the necessary com-puter expertise. We are assured thequality willbe maintained. Her name isSuzanne Needs-Howarth, and she willbehaving something to say herself in thisissue, which she is editing" with Mikestandingby in case ofemergency. Chris'position will be filled when committeechairs are appointed in January, 1995.

Inthe usual course ofevents, one or morepersons would have run for Tony's posi-tion on the Board of Directors; however,no nominations were received for thisspot before nominations closed at theAnnualBusiness Meeting. Therefore, it isnow the responsibility of the Board ofDirectors to appoint a member to filltheposition. After we ascertained that hewould be willingto serve, John Steckleywas appointed. Geoffrey Sutherland hasconsented toact as auditor for the Societyfor 1994.

We have been involved with items ofwider interest as well. On November 10,a meeting was held by members of theCultural Programs Branch of the Ministryof Culture, Tourism and Recreation topass on information to members of theOntarioHeritageAlliance,which includesthe OAS. Draft guidelines concerningimpact on heritage, to be applied to thesoon-to-be-proclaimedPlanningAct,werepresented for comment. At least twocurrent situations could be affected bythese guidelines.

The ambience of Fort Yorkis threatenedbecause a supermarket has applied tobuild a huge warehouse which wouldcompletely block the view towards thelake, severing all connection with theharbour which it once commanded.Strong local protests, with support fromprovincial heritage bodies has given thecitycouncil some reason to reflect on thisone. Less wellknown are the numbers ofsmall older cemeteries which are notbeing protected from developers by theCemeteries Act. The new Planning Actstrongly urges municipalities to developMaster Plans which would take into ac-count the protection of significant vistasand archaeological resources, includingpioneer cemeteries. Unfortunately,theseare only guidelines, not regulations, andhave no power to compel.

Finally, by the time you read this, we willbe in the dark days of December, thattimewhen we gather together with lots ofbright colours, bright lights, fun and fel-lowship to scare away the shadows andwait for the sun to get over his annualwanness. Merry Christmas and HappyNew Year, or any greeting you use in-stead to wish good things foryour fellowhuman.

Hello, I am the new editor ofArch Notes.I want to use this editorial page to thankthe board of directors for appointing me,and to thank Michael Kirby for all hissupport and help. I look forward to thechallenge of maintaining the high stan-dards he achieved.

I also want to tell you about the proce-dures surrounding submission of coniri-butions. Over the past few months I havelearnt that producingArch Notes is a lot ofwork.involvingnot only editing, but also avariety of wordprocessing and desktoppublishing tasks. There are severalthings you can do to help make thesetasks easier. The most important, ofcourse, is that you continue to submit lotsofshori articles, news, comments and an-nouncements.

It would help me a lot if you submit allcopy on disk or via modem or e-mail, ifyoucan. Youmay send very short contri-butions by fax. Ifyou do not have accessto a computer, you may, of course, sendyour typed contributions by regular mail.

.caNalEs,>8bli~I~I~6ii~~~iJE~~~~;c

_tll

Please send disks, typewritten and photo-copied contributions to the OAS office.Send fax or e-mail messages directly tome; my telephone, fax and modem num-beris (416)961-0509,my e-mail address is75304.2724 @CompuServe.COM.Ifyouwant to submit your contribution by fax ormodem, please call me first.

Ifyou submit material on disk, please donot put formatting codes anywhere inyour document. So, no font changes, nocentre justification, no tabs, no bold, noitalics. Use underline for foreign wordsand forbook and journal titles in the bibli-ography. Please followthe bibliographyformat described in the new OntarioArchaeology style guide (OA57).

Please submit tables either inWordPerfect tables format, or cameraready. Please submit photos as halftonesor scanned (embedded in your word-processor document). Maximumdimen-sions fortables and illustrations should be12cm x 18.5cm. Please include all tableand figure captions on a separate page,below your document. I can handle 3Y.!inch diskette (DDor HD), and most PCwordprocessor formats.

Please make sure material for the Janu-ary/February issue reaches the office orme by friday, January 13, 1995. If youhave anyquestions, comments or sugges-tions, please call me (8:30-5:30)1

AsofOctober, the Archaeology and Heri-tage Planning Unithas a new Data Coor-dinator:PennyYoung. Penny, for the next4 months, at least, has put aside her tro-wel and shovel and is working at a desk(smartmovefor the winter!). The data co-ordinator's number is still the same: (416)314-7161.

Before we start dealing with an influxof1995 licences I would like to remind alllicensees, once again, of the following:Questions on the licence applicationsshould not be filled in with only the word'same'. Ifthe work is the same as a previ-ous year, please include a copy of thelicence formwith the original data on it.

A list of new licences, prepared byRoshan Jussawalla,followsbelow. The listconsists of the name of licensee, licencenumber and site location.

Consulting:Brenda Kennett, 94-118,Province of On-tarioBruce Stewart;M. M. Dillon Limited, 94-119,new Highway 407right of wayUnderwater:Matthew Turchi and Darryl Ertel, 95-001,Judge Hart, Lake Superior

FROM THE DATA COORDINATOR'SOFFICE

Input Changes for the Borden Form

In hopes of aiding researchers with theirdata requests we are suggesting theaddition of two new types of information

Bernice FieldPenny Young

on Borden regisiration forms. This infor-mationwillhelp in searches of the provin-cial archaeological sites database.

For consultants: Ifa project has a Munici-pal Plan Reference No. (a T#), pleaseinclude it in Box 10on the front page ofthe form.

For all licensees: It would be helpful ifindividuals and consultants would listtheirown or their company's project num-bers on the form. This could be put in thecomments section on the back of the firstpage. Non-consultants should not beconcerned if they do not have such anumber. You may have only a researchnumber and this information goes in box3.

This data is to be used in two new data-base fields on CHIN.

Further Changes for the Borden Form

As noted in the article by Rob and JackMacDonald below, new NTS maps (Na-tional Topographic Series 1:50,000)willsoon be using the 1983North AmericanDatum (NAD83),whichdiffers slightlyfromthe old 1927datum (NAD27). To avoid anyconfusion when recording site informa-tion, we are requesting researchers toindicate whether militarygrid coordinatesare ties to NAD27 or NAD83. To identifywhich system you use, please read theNAD information noted on your mapsheets. This can be found at the bottomcentre of the map, usually under the con-tour scale data. Please place this informa-tion in box 13 (NTSmap) on the borden

registration form, after the specific mapcode. For example: 30M/14 NAD83.

This will allow the Ministry to include thisinformation in the archaeological sitesdatabase. In the near future, all archaeo-logical site records presently in the data-

base will be updated to show NAD27.Future print-outs issued by this office willthen contain the map reference indicatingthe appropriate datum.

Thanks.

NOTES ON MAPS, PART I: UP-DATING THENORTH AMERICAN DATUM AND THE UTM GRID

This is the firstof a series of short articles that will examine a variety of issues relatingtomaps and theiruse by archaeologists in Ontario. We expect that much of what wewill cover will already be common knowledge among many, and we make no claimto originality or profundity. Rather, our aim is to critically scrutinize one of the mostcomplex tools used by archaeologists, to provide a behind-the-scenes view oftopographical map production in Canada, to supply a selection of pertinentreferences, and topromote an improved understanding of the pros and cons of usingmaps in an archaeological context. Towards this end, the authors encourage inputfrom other researchers who may wish to add their voices to a forum on this topic. Wehope you find this series useful.

Introduction

Anyone who has used topographic mapsof Ontario, either the large-scale OntarioBase Map (OBM) series published by theOntario Ministry of Natural Resources, orthe smaller-scale maps of the NationalTopographic Series (NTS) published byGeomatics Canada (formerly SUIVeysand Mapping Branch, Energy, Mines andResources Canada), will appreciate thatcertain elements of any map are out ofdate virtually the instant they are pub-lished. This is particularly evident inurban areas where land development iscontinually altering the culturallandscape, although landforms changeas well, either through natural processes

or cultural ones. Map publishers attemptto keep in step with these changes, toensure that their products remain service-able, by periodically issuing up-datededitions. What is less evident, however, isthat in addition to up-grading the topo-graphical data, improvements are alsoperiodically' made to the more fundamen-tal cartographic underpinnings and theseare reflected in changes to the coordinatesystems which are included on each mapsheet.

Map users will be familiar with the twocoordinate systems which are featured onboth OBM and NTS maps: the geographic(spherical) coordinate system, whichconsists of reference points for latitude

and longitude, and the plane coordinatesystem, which is known as the UniversalTransverse Mercator (lITM)grid. Bothofthese are based on the Transverse Mer-cator projection and are tied to theground through networks of thousands ofgeodetic control stations. Over the lastfew years these networks have beenreadjusted through the implementation ofa series ofup-grades outlined below. Themainpurpose of this article is to highlightthe major implications of this up-grading,particularly from the perspective of ar-chaeologists working in Ontario. Specialattention will be paid to changes in theUTM grid, since this is the principlemethod of geo-referencing archae-ological sites and since, as explainedbelow, shifts in the lITM grid are moresubstantial in Ontario than shifts in lati-tude and longitude.

The Universal Transverse MercatorGrid

The implementation of plane coordinatesystems on maps was promoted by mili-taryrequirements for more accurate geo-referencing during and after WorldWar I(Robinson et aI. 1978:40-41; Sebert1970:16).This heritage is reflected in thevernacular use of the phrase "militarygrid"in reference to the lITMgrid in gen-eral. Technically, a distinction is madebetween a civiliansystem and a militarysystem, although this has to do withhowpoints are referenced to the lITM grid,rather than withany difference in the griditself (Sebert 1970:17-18).

The lITMgrid is an internationally usedplane coordinate system based on theTransverse Mercator projection. Mapprojections involvegeometric or mathe-maticalprocesses whereby a representa-tion of the surface of the earth (a sphere,or more accurately the geoid whichapproximates an oblate spheroid) is

transformed to a plane. The TransverseMercator projection is a conformal pro-jection (I.e.there is no angular deforma-tion at any point)which employs a seriesof 60 north-south segments, each 6 de-grees of longitude wide, called zones(Robinson et a1. 1978:49-73).

To understand more fullyhow theprojection works, imagine theEarth as an orange, with all geo-graphic features and the parallelsand meridians drawn in. Now,imagine taking a knife and, afterslicing off small circles at the'poles', making a straight north-south cut in the peel of the orangeand repeating this north-south cutsixtytimes, at equal intervals, untilsixty strips, or zones, have beendetached. Nextimagine each stripof orange peel ('zone') detachedand placed on a level surface.One could then force the peel tocontract or expand by depressingits centre, untilall of it touched thesmooth surface. This flatteningaction results in a slight distortionofthe geographical features withinthe zone, but because the strip isrelatively narrow, the distortion issmall and may be ignored (Sebert1970:15).

Many archaeologists in Ontario will befamiliar with lITM grid zones 15, 16, 17,and 18,since these zones cover the prov-ince and are noted on all NTSand OBMmaps (see Sebert 1984:Figure 6-5).

The UTMgrid zones are subdivided into100,000metre squares, each of which isassigned a pair of identifying letters.Under the militarygrid system, which isthe one used for registering archaeologi-cal sites under the Borden system, theidentifying letters of each 100,000metresquare become an integral part of the

grid reference, since the easting andnorthing values repeat every 100 kilo-metres withinthe grid zone. The 100,000metre squares are further subdivided atintervals of 10,000,1,000,or 100metres,depending on the scale of the map. Gen-erally, 10,000metre grids are printed onmaps withscales smaller than 1:100,000,1,000 metre grids on maps with scalesbetween 1:5,000and 1:100,000,and 100metre grids on maps with scales of1:5,000and larger (Sebert 1984:80).Sincethe UTMgrid lines are overlaid onto theTransverse Mercator projection, or inother words, "...they are drawn on our'orange strips' after the strips have beenflattened..." (Sebert 1970:16),they are notdistorted. Allthevertical lines run parallelto the meridian that defines the centre ofeach grid zone, and all horizontal linesrun parallel to the equator, which hap-pens to be the only line of latitude notdistorted by the Transverse Mercatorprojection. Since the central meridian ofeach grid zone is not parallel to its neigh-bours, neither do the grids in adjacentzones lineup witheach other. In southernCanada this fact is difficult to observesince, by convention, the edges of mapsfallalong parallels and meridians. In thenorth,however, where zones are narrow,certain maps may show portions of morethan one zone (Sebert 1970:16). Thediscontinuity from zone to zone can beobserved in southern Ontario on mapswhich abut another zone. For example,on the NTS 1:50,000sheet Rice Lake 31D/!, the 1000 metre grid for Zone 18,which is immediately to the east, is indi-cated by brown ticks and numbersaround the margin of the map.

The North American Datum

Geodesy is that area of applied mathe-matics concerned with such things ascalculating the precise size and shape ofthe earth, in whole or in part, and pre-

cisely locating things on its surface. Inrecent decades, as a result of extraordi-nary advances in technology in general,and geodetic technology in particular, ithas become clear that existing world-wide geodetic networks exhibit grossirl.accuracieswhichrender them obsolete.The implications of this, and the need toup-date these networks, have becomeparticularly evident since the advent ofsatellite-based global positioning system(GPS)technology,which is revolutionizingevery discipline that makes use of geo-referenced information. Even ar-chaeologists are receiving advertisingbrochures from companies marketingpocket-sizedGPS units that willbounce asignaloffa satellite and provide site loca-tioncoordinates accurate to a few tens ofmetres. For such informationto be viable,however, one must be able to tie it into ageodetic framework of equivalent accu-racy. Thishas resulted in an internationalundertaking, to readjust the horizontalgeodetic networks in Canada, the UnitedStates, Mexico, Central America, theCaribbean, and Greenland, known as theNorth American Datum 1983 (NAD83)project (Parent and Pinch 1988;Barnes1990).

Users of both NTSand OBMsheets mayhave noticed that, until recently, eachmap has carried the statement "NorthAmerican Datum 1927"(NAD27).NAD27,which was preceded by North AmericanDatum 1913,the U.S.Standard Datum of1901, and the New England Datum of1879, was a marked point at MeadesRanch,Kansas, U.S.A.,being the approxi-mate centre of the lower 48 states. Whensignificant errors in NAD13became evi-dent in the mid 1920s, the U.S. imple-mented a series of adjustments whichresulted in the establishment of NAD27.Bythen the Canadian geodetic networkshad almost linkedthe southern margins of

the countIy,and NAD27coordinates werecompleted for these networks in 1932.Since then, as the geodetic control net-workshave expanded and become moredense, both random and systematic er-rors have accumulated as a result of: (l)geometrical weaknesses in the network,(2) deficiencies in the adopted geoidmodel. and (3) the application of non-rigorous adjustment methods (Pinch1990).

In contrast to NAD27,NAD83 has nodatum point on the surface of the earth.To understand how this is possible, abasic understanding of geodetic refer-encing is needed. Michael Pinch (1990:3)outlines the procedure as follows:

Geodetic computations are car-ried out on the surface of an ellip-soid of revolution,which is chosentoapproximate the size and shapeof the Earth, or at least that part ofthe Earth for which a geodeticdatum is being defined. In thiscontext the size and shape of theEarth is described by another im-portant surface in geodesy, thegeoid, which is the equipotentialsurface of gravity which closelyapproximates mean sea level.anda surface that extends underneaththe continents.

Almostall types of field survey ob-servationsare related in some wayto the geoid which is too com-plicated a surface for geodeticcomputations because of its manyand variousundulations. However,an ellipsoid of revolution approxi-mating the geoid is a relativelysimple surface on which to carryout precise computations of geo-detic distances, azimuths, andlatitude and longitude.

Thanks in part to modern satellite posi-tioning technology and more accuratemodelling of the geoid, NAD83adoptedthe Geodetic Reference System 1980(GRS80) ellipsoid which represents thesize,shape, and gravity fieldof the wholeworld. Whilethis more universal ellipsoiddoes not more accurately approximatethe geoid inNorthAmerica than its prede-cessor, recent improvements in modellingof the geoid allow for more accuraterelationoffieldsurvey observations to thereference ellipsoid. "Animportant featureof the GRS80ellipsoid is that it is definedas geocentric, that is, the centre of theellipsoid coincides with the centre of themass of the Earth, a point that can belocated relativeto the surface of the Earththrough the tracking of satellite orbits"(Pinch 1990:10),thereby eliminating theneed for a datum point on the Earth'ssurface. More to the point, by adoptingGRS80, the NAD83reference system willbe consistent with the definition of theWorld Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84),"which is the terrestrial system used inorbit computation of satellites in theGlobal Positioning System" (Pinch1990:10).

Implications and Conclusions

Coordinate differences arising from themove from NAD27to NAD83can largelybe attributed to existing errors in theNAD27coordinates together with inherentdifferences between the two datumpoints. The shifts in geodetic latitude andlongitude are relativelyminor in Ontario,with a differential of no more than about13 metres, although the shift vectorsrange up to about 150 metres in otherparts of Canada. More important, how-ever, is the shift in UTM coordinates,which involves a fairly consistent north-ward shiftofbetween 219and 224metresthroughout Ontario evident on all NTSmaps compiled after 1990. This differ-

ence between the geodetic and UTMvectors is attributable to the way in whicheach coordinate system is defined inrelation to the reference ellipsoid (Bras-sard 1990;Pinch 1990:12).

For Ontario archaeologists, the mostsignificant implication of NAD83and theconcomitant shiftof the UTMgrid pertainsto the geo-referencing and registration ofarchaeological sites. Daniel Brassard(1990:53)notes that, "The shifts involvedwith the conversion to NAD83will onlyimpact users requiring very high preci-sion at the limit of the accuracy of theproduct" Archaeologists clearly fall intothis category, since the location of ar-chaeological sites is currently maintainedon analog (i.e. paper not digital) NTS1:50,000maps. As with many agencieswhich administer spatial information, theMinistry of Culture, Tourism and Recre-ation (MCTR),which compiles site regis-trationdata, willneed to ensure compati-bility with the evolving technologies formanaging and manipulating geo-refer-enced data, especially geographic infor-mation systems (GIS). To assist theMCTRin accurately registering site loca-tions, researchers must now recordwhether the map used to calculate theUTMMilitaryGrid reference was tied toNAD27or NAD83(see MCTRnotice else-where in this issue of Arch Notes). Withthis information, MCTRpersonnel willbeable to transpose site location coordi-nates to the appropriate map editionthereby avoiding the possibility of mis-placing the site by over 200metres.

Acknowledgements The authors wish tothank Archaeological Services Inc. forlogistical support and the following in-dividualsfortheir assistance in preparingthis article: Peter Carruthers, OntarioMinistryof Culture, Tourism and Recre-ation; Jane Cottrill,Archaeological Ser-vices Inc., Stratford; Bernice Field, On-

tario Ministry of Culture, Tourism andRecreation; Janet Goodell, The OttawaCitizen; Mike Murray, Activities Booksand Maps, Waterloo; Rob Pihl,Archaeo-logical Services Inc., Stratford; MichaelPinch, Geodetic Survey Division, Geo-matics Canada Sector, Department ofNatural Resources Canada; and, RonWilliamson,Archaeological Services Inc.,Toronto.

REFERENCES CITEDBrassard, D.1990 The Impact and Implementation of

NAD83on NTSProducts. In:Mov-ing to NAD '83: the new address forgeoreferenced data in Canada,edited by D. C. Barnes, pp. 41-53.The Canadian Instituteof Surveyingand Mapping (now The CanadianInstituteof Geomatics), Ottawa.

Parent, C. and M.C. Pinch1988 NAD83 Secondary Integration.

CISMJournal 42(4):331-340.

Pinch, M.C.1990 Differences Between NAD27 and

NAD83. In:Moving to NAD '83:thenew address for georeferenceddata in Canada, edited by D. C.Barnes, pp. 1-15. The CanadianInstitute of Surveyingand Mapping(nowTheCanadian Institute of Geo-matics), Ottawa.

Robinson,A, R. Sale, and J.Morrison1978 Elements of Cartography. Fourth

edition. John Wiley and Sons,Toronto.

Sebert, L.M.1970 Every Square Inch: the Story of

Canadian Topographic Mapping.The Department of Energy, Minesand Resources, Surveys and Map-ping Branch, Ottawa.

1984 Map Reading. Canada Map Com-pany, Toronto.

I Rob MacDonald has been on staff atArchaeological Services Inc. since 1982where he currently holds the position ofSenior Archaeologist in the Stratfordoffice. His special areas of expertiseinclude ecological archaeology, archaeo-logical site potential modelling, and geo-graphic informationsystem (GIS)applica-tions in archaeology. This interest in spa-tial issues is undoubtedly genetically

inherited from his father. His doctoraldissertation, which he is currently com-pleting through McGillUniversity,is enti-tled "Regional Settlement Trends in theLate Woodland of Southcentral Ontario."

2 Jack MacDonald, who is a CanadaLands Surveyor, recently retired aftermore than fortyyears in the federal civilservice with the Surveys and MappingBranch of Energy, Mines and ResourcesCanada.

On Remembrance Day a ceremony tookplace in frontofthe John McKenzie Housein North York,the new home of our sisterorganization, the Ontario Historical Soci-ety (OHS). The House in its heyday waswell known for its tulips, of which theMcKenzie familywere proud, and whichtheir descendants stillremember. Plansto restore the landscaping in front of thehouse therefore required planting tulips.This allowed association with the "TulipTribute - Canada Remembers" federalprogram tocommemorate D-Dayand theensuing liberation of the Netherlands byCanadian forces, fiftyyears ago.

The ceremony, ably hosted by OHS Exec-utive Director Dorothy Duncan and herstaff, cleverly brought together thesevarious elements. In attendance wererepresentatives of the Dutch and Cana-dian governments; Canada Remembers;the Royal Canadian Legion; the 48thHighlanders Regiment and Museum; the

NorthYorkHistoricalSociety; Black CreekPioneer Village;Gibson House; the Cana-dian Womens'Historical Society; the YorkPioneer and Historical Society; CanadaTrust's "Friends of the Environment" pro-gram; the OHS; and the OAS.

Two strains of tulips which bloom in redand white colours were chosen, both forhistorical accuracy, these colours havingbeen the McKenzies' preference, and fornational symbolism. Under the carefuleye ofDennis Pollock, head gardener forBlack Creek Pioneer Village, representa-tivesfrom each organization in turn plan-ted tulips, those for the OAS being plant-ed by Charles Garrad and Ella Kruse.

During her introductory remarks DorothyDuncan mentioned the contribution of theToronto Chapter OAS in its ar-chaeological assessment of the property.Workcontinuesonrestoringtheoutbuildings.

NEW MIDDLEPORT DATES FORSOUTH-CENTRAL ONTARIO

Field school testing in 1988of the Gibbssite (BaGo-29),an Iroquoian village nearRice Lake, produced several new Cl4dates, reported here for the first time.Gibbs is a fortifiedhilltopvillage overlook-ing the Ganaraska River lowlands (Figure1). Ceramics from the site are predomi-nantlylate Middleport,with early southerndivision Huron types also present. Aseries of three radiocarbon dates onfeature and midden charcoal from thesite offers a useful perspective on datingthe village and the timing of transitionalIroquoian developments in south-eentralOntario.

The first date for the site, from a hearthcontaining abundant charcoal, ceramicsand faunal material, was about 1480± 50AD. This Feature 1date falls quite late inthe Ontario Iroquoian sequence. A sec-ond date on the same feature, run by adifferent lab, was about 1555 ± 180AD.The sigma QJ variation for this date isquite high. Athirddate was run on a 10.5-gram charcoal sample from the N13EOmidden. recovered at a depth of 30-40cmbelowground surface; itis 1350± 60A.D,more in line with Middleport dates else-where in Ontario.

Inkeeping withthe proviso that C14datesare statistical estimations, rather thanabsolute ages, the three dates from Gibbswere evaluated using averaging proce-dures to compensate for L variation.Spaulding (1958)pioneered analysis ofvariance within and between C14 sam-ples to evaluate the meaning of differ-

ences in sets of radiocarbon dates for thesame event. Long and Rippeteau (1974)provide a useful formula for weightedaveraging of dates and L values.

Table 1 shows the three Gibbs site C14dates withassigned weighting. Weightedaveraging of the three dates produced aresult of 1432± 38AD. Allowingthat the395 ± 180 BP date might be an outlier,weighted averaging of the two "accept-able" dates produced a very similar resultof 1427 ± 39 AD. This suggests that allthree dates are acceptable and that thesize ofvariance can be misleading whenaccepting or rejecting a date. Further-more, it is readily apparent that variancein late period dates for Iroquoian sites,both between and within radiocarbonestimations (D, can dramatically affecthow sites are interpreted. Multipledateson single sites and events appear to sig-nificantlyincrease the statistical probabil-ityof accuracy in C14 dating.

The Gibbs site appears to represent alate Middleport village, occupied around1430AD,in south-central Ontario. Calen-drical calibration of the two Beta lab re-sults (470 :i: 50 and 600 ± 60 BP),usingtables developed for the northern hemi-sphere (Beta Analytic after Vogel et a1.1993,Talma and Vogel 1993,and Stuiveret a1. 1993),offers further insight into thetrue age of late Middleport in south-cen-tralOntario (Figure 2).

...GIBBS

Calibrated result:(2 sigma, 95% probability)

I sigma calibrated result:(68 % probability)

Calibrated result:(2 sigma, 95% probability)

I sigma calibrated result:(68% probability)

470 ± 50 (Beta7984)

600 ± 60 (Beta26841)

395 ± 180 (SRC)

L' Weight Datex Weight

2500 12.96 6091.2

3600 9.0 5400.0

32400 1.0 395.0

22.96 11886.2

Using the Pretoria Calibration Procedurefor dendro-calibrations, Beta Analyticcalculates intercepts of radiocarbon agewith the calibration curve as AD 1400forthe 600 ± 60BPdate and AD 1440for the470 ± 50BPdate. Atone I,there is a 68%probability that the respective dates fallbetween 1300and 1410ADand 1420and1460 AD. Allowing for variability in theage of woods burned by the Gibbs siteinhabitants and the duration of occupa-tion, it appears quite reasonable that thevillage site was occupied in the early1400s,as suggested by weighted averag-ing ofthe uncalibrated radiocarbon dates(Table 1).

Acknowledgements Iwould like to ac-knowledge the support of Trent Universityin funding the 1988field school excava-tions at the Gibbs site and of the OntarioHeritage Foundation for financial assis-tance with the analysis.

REFERENCES CITEDLong,A.and B.Rippeteau1974 Testing Contemporaneity and

Averaging Radiocarbon Dates.American Antiquity 39:205-215.

Spaulding, A.1958 The Significance of Differences Be-

tween Radiocarbon Dates. Amer-ican Antiquity 23:309-311.

Stuiver, M. A. Long, R. S. Kra and J. M.Devine1993 Radiocarbon 35.

Talma, A S. and J. G Vogel1993 Radiocarbon 35:317-322.

Vogel, J. G, A Fuls, E. Visser, and B.Becker1993 Radiocarbon 35:73-86.

INortheasternArchaeological Associates,P.O.Box493,Port Hope, Ontario, LlA 324

ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION REVEALS INTERESTING PASTOF JOHN McKENZIE PROPERTY

The TorontoBranchofthe OntarioArchaeological Society has been busy this summerconducting an archaeological assessment of the property surrounding the JohnMcKenzieHouse, the OHS' [OntarioHistoricalSociety's] new home. Greg Purmal andEliseSherman have been heading up the excavations, which have been undertakenmost weekends since late June. The Branch has received funding from the OntarioHeritage foundation to carry out its investigations.

After surveying and gridding out the backyard, the team of archaeologists andvolunteerschose several key areas in which to begin the assessment. Some of thesetest units are hoped to reveal the evidence of a barn that once stood between thepresent-day house and dairy. Early photographs provided by familymembers showa plaster~overed buildingwhichstood adjacent to the milkhouse. Thus far the precisewhereabouts of the structure remain elusive.

Twoother unitshave been excavated to the east of the stable to determine the size ofthe originalbuilding. Evidencein the form of bricks outlining possible walkways, driveareas =d wallsof= earlier structure,or = extension of the present one, indicate thatthe stable has gone through many transformations since its construction in 1915. Thepaving bricks found have maker's marks showing the name of the manufacturer,Ontario P.B. (Paving Brick)Company =d 1895,the date that the comp=y, oncelocated in the West Toronto Junction area, was formed.

The archaeologists also decided to excavate the floor of the stable, and discoveredsome fire red clay and charcoal approxtmately two feet below the surface. Thisevidence indicates that a fire probably occurred on the site, and that the presentstructure may have been preceded by another that burned.

Other units have been dug to the north of the stable to findclues of a piggery whichonce may have stood inthe area. An excavation right next to the north stable wall hasrevealed the evidence of a midden or garbage dump, which so far has been dated tothe 20thcentury.

Reading Rock Art, Interpreting the Indian Rock Paintings of the Canadian Shield byGrace Rajnovich has been awarded the Ontario Heritage foundation "OntarioHeritage Book Award". for orders or enquiries contact: Natural HeritagelNaturalHistory Inc., phone (416) 694-7907, fax (416) 690-0819. for information on thepublications award program, call the Ontario Heritage foundation at (416)325-5000.

fromHeritage Matters, October 1994

PETERBOROUGH COUNTY JAILARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION

In hme 1994,Northeastern ArchaeologicalAssociates was hired by the ManagementBoard Secretariat to carry out an archae-ological investigation/monitoring projectconcurrent with the restorative construc-tion of the Peterborough County Jail exer-cise yard wall, built in 1842. The investi-gation team was led by Alison Ariss andDonna Morrison. This project developedout of protocol arrangements between theOntario Ministry of Culture, Tourism andRecreation and the Management BoardSecretariat, with Ministry- level involve-ment coordinated by Chris Junker-An-dersen and Ron Wettlaufer, respectively.

During the excavation of the first pier-footing pit (Pier # 14)in the yard, the skele-tal remains of four adult males were un-covered. Based on historic newspapersaccounts, it is believed that the four indi-viduals were hanging victims whose re-mains were not claimed by relatives. Thefour individuals were hung at separatetimes: one in 1874, two in 19I9, and one in1933. None were Canadian citizens: onewas African-American, one Russian, oneBritish, and one Austrian. All were hungfor committing murder or having dtrectinvolvement in local murder cases (Ariss1994).

The skeletal remains are currently under-going detailed analysis by Michael

Spence, a physical anthropologist at theUniversity of Western Ontario, with techni-cal assistance provided by NortheasternArchaeological Associates. Archivalmaterials from the Peterborough CountyJail and Provincial Archives are being re-searched by Alison Ariss, to assist DrSpence in the positive identification ofeach individual.

The archaeological investigation at thePeterborough County Jail is continuingthis fall, as the excavation of each pier-footing pit is to be monitored not only forburials, but for any archaeologically-significant features uncovered during theexcavation. Considering the long historyof the jail, it is possible that more burialswill be found.

Ariss, A.1994 Historic Notes on Hanging Victims

in Peterborough Jail. Ms on fileNortheastern Archaeological Asso-ciates.

INortheastern Archaeological Associates,P.O. Box 493, Port Hope, Ontario, LlA 324

The 21st Annual OAS symposium waswell attended despite a departure fromthe normal program of dig presentations.The "Origins of the People of the Long-house" Saturday session was filled withideas but slim on slides. Actually, thesymposium would have been even slim-mer on slides had we not discovered fiveminutes before the firstpresentation thatwe had forgotten a slide projector.

The Saturday presentations were enlight-ening and stimulating, raising fundamen-tal questions about our archaeologicalassumptions and reminding us that ar-chaeological reports have an audiencemuch larger than just a bunch of archae-ologists. FirstNations people are becom-ingincreasinglyinterested in archaeologyat all levels, from the trenches to the ivorytowers. Labelling a particular postsherdas Iroquoian is not just an academicexercise; entire land claims may hinge onsuch an identification.

For those who stayed to the end on Satur-day, you probably noticed CharlieGanud, Norma Knowlton,Christine Kirby,and me looking a little worried. Chief

Jacob Thomas was scheduled to speak'before BillFox'sdiscussion at 3:00pm. At3:15, there was still no sign of ChiefThomas. Billwent on withhis discussion.The session came toan end and Idashedhome to phone the Chief. There was noanswer, but I breathed a sigh of relief: Iknew that he was en route and wouldappear at the banquet later that evening.He didn~disappointus. Aftera tasty meal(not the usual rubber chicken) and theEmerson Award presentation to JamesPendergast, Chief Thomas delivered acaptivating speech with a message forarchaeologists: show Native people thesame respect you expect to receive, with-out interfering, and friendlyco-operationbetween Native people and archaeolo-gists willfollow.

The next morning, a smaller audiencelistened to a number of presentationsranging fromsome bones of contention inDavid Boyle'scloset to bones of the now-extinct sea mink. Idon't know about you,but I'm looking forward to the ThunderBay Symposium next fall - at least Iwon'tbe called to organize that one.

Asymposiumon "Lithicprocurement sites of the mid-continent" is planned for the 60thmeeting 0 fthe Society forAmerican Archaeology, Minneapolis, Minnesota, May 3-7,1995.Contact David Mather or Stacy Allan, Fort Snelling HistoryCenter, MinnesotaHistorical Society, S1,Paul, MN 55111 (tel. (612) 726-1171,fax (612) 725-2429)forinformation.

Dear Editor,In re-reading my letter which was pub-lished in Arch Notes 94-5, I noticed anerror in transcription which Iwould like tocorrect. Page 18, Line 13 should haveread:"Ask a Pentecostal or a Catholic aboutChristianity -you would be hard pressedto accept that they were talking about thesame religion, although they share thephysical symbols and the mythologicalcharacters".It was not my intention to single out orcause offense to any particular group.Those named were merely chosen toillustratethewide range of interpretationswithina single religion.Yours sincerelyNickAdams

Dear Editor:We recently attended the talks given atthe Columbus Centre ("TheSamnite Cul-ture") and the Royal Ontario Museum("The700,000Years Old Campsite"), andfound them very interesting and worth-while lectures.At both events, the OAS. was heartilythanked for its valuable participationensuring the success of these lectures. Inthe case of the R.O.M.event, our Presi-dent NormaKnowlton,had the chance tospeak on the virtues of the OAS.

What a wonderful opportunity our orga-nization had in getting exposure in theinternational archaeological community!Andall this would not have happened ifithad not been for the committee of three:Jane Sacchetti, Christine Kirbyand CarolLang. However our deepest thanksshould go to Jane; without her tremen-dous dedication, the OAS. participationin this event would not have been possi-ble.Wehope that everyonewillappreciate theefforts of people like these who workbehind the scenes tomake events like thishappen.Yours sincerely,JimShropshire & Marjorie Clarkson

Dear Sir,The two recent articles in Arch Notes onPeter Dornipipes (94-3and 94-5),by Rob-ert Mayerand AndrewHinshelwood, haveraised a number of questions regardingthe origins and sources of these pipes. Iwould like to offer the followingobserva-tions, and perhaps put forward someinformationthatmay answer [a] few of thequestions raised in the twoarticles.Of the Scottish pipe makers, McDougalland Davidsonare the only ones known tohave produced Peter Dorni pipes. The1900Associated Tobacco Pipe Makers'SocietyofScotland and Ireland Price List,provides listings for McDougall, White's,Davidson's, Christie's and Waldie's ofGlasgow, as well it includes prices for

bothEdinburgh and Aberdeen. The 1900 tion indicates that 43moulds were in usePrice Listwas the result of a labour dis- at the time. The Davidson Dorni mustpute between Scottish makers and their therefore predate 1864. If Murray wasemployees, and is dated September 1900. producing a Dorni,and it is highly likely,The "PETERDaRNI 383"pipe recovered thenDornipipe styles would undoubtedlyon the Front Street Site (AjGu-15)is a be found on Hudson BayCompany sites,productof the McDougallfactory of Glas- • dated from 1858to 1863.gow, Scotland. At the time the article in Readers who are interested can consultOntarioArchaeology was written Idid not the article by Dennis Gallagher andhave access to the 1900list. The PETER Roger Price on Davidson in Volume X.DORNI 383 is listed as a Peter Dornie Scotland, The Archaeology of the Clayselling for 9 pence per gross. The pipe Tobacco Pipe,BAR., 1987. On page 127,was probably introduced sometime Davidson'sPeter Dornicatalogue entry isaround 1898.The date was arrived at by illustrated. The 1900price list is alsoexamining the pipe styles listed in the duplicated in the volume.p~ce list. Pipe number 379is a '98Crown Amongstthe Montreal makers there is, toPrince. date, no evidence of Peter Dorni styledMcDougallalso produced a second Dorni pipes being produced. Of the Montrealpipe whichis listedin the 1900price list as makers it is my belief that if any were innumber 139. The 139is the same pipe fact making Dorni styles it would havethat is listed in the McDougall Irish price been Robert Bannerman. In 1887whenlist of 1875. By 1900the 139Dorni was Robert Bannerman passed away thesellingfor8lhpence per gross. The differ- Montrealfactoryproduced 60pipe styles.ence inprice between the two pipes more Unfortunately no description of thosethan likely reflected the complexity of styles has yet been discovered.design and difficultyof trimming. The 383 I strongly support the kind of debate thatprobablybeing a slightlyfancier pipe. As Mayer and Hinshelwood have initiated, itByron Sudbury has indicated the Dorni is high-time we looked beyond maker's139 was more than likely introduced in marks and began cataloguing morpho1-1870. The 138pipe is a Jenny Lind,who ogy. A ToO.mark on a bowl can be asretired from a singing career in 1870. distinctive of a maker as the name thatTheDavidsonDorniis listed as number 29 was mould imparted on the stem. Likeand sold for 9 pence per gross in 1900. wise the heel lettering and numberingDavidson began operations in 1863,tak- can tell us something about makers.ingover from WilliamMurray who retired Unfortunatelyvery fewfactory site collec-in 1862. Murray was by 1858supplying tions have. been described in print, andthe Hudson's Bay Company. The dating until they are correlations willbe difficultof the Davidson Dorni is more difficultas to make.Davidsonmore than likelywas using pipe Ithankyouforthe opportunity to take partmoulds used by Murray when he folded in this debate.operations. Fortunately both an 1864descriptionofthe factoryexists, as well as Sincerely,a Davidsoncatalogue. The 1864descrip- RobinH. Smith

HOLD THAT BORDEN FORMIBeforeyouregister that site,please take a moment to check the map used to calculatethe Militarygrid reference coordinates to see whether it uses the 1927or 1983NorthAmerican Datum (bottomcentre of National Topographic Series I:50,000maps) andnote this information along with the grid zone, 100,000metre square, easting, andnorthing on the form. For more details, see MTCRnews and the article by Rob andJack MacDonald.

SEVEN MEMORIES OF OAS 1994 TRIP TOGREECE & TURKEY

Into the HeatAfterTorontotemperatures in the 20s andtwelve air-conditioned hours we steppedout of Athens airport into the parking lotand a temperature of 35degrees, with thefullblazing heat of the sun on us. Oh yes,replied the locals to our query, we arehaving a late summer. A few days later,back in the airport en route to Turkey andstillnot adjusted to the heat, we consoledourselves that somehow itmust be coolerthere. Howwrong we were: some days inTurkey the thermometer climbed to 40degrees. Forthree weeks we had blazingsun and no daytime rain.

Into the SmokeThe road we were following throughArachova led to the edge of the greatgorge through which the Pleistos riverflows to the sea. Somewhere below,reached by a series of horrendous S-bends down the mountainside, lay ourdestination, Delphi. But our bus and allother traffic stopped. The mountainsidewas on fire at the S-bends. Our intendedroad, which wound back and forth in andout of the flames and smoke, was closedexcept to emergency vehicles. Thesewere helpless against such a blaze, butas we stood watching a shadow loomed,and then another. Three big water-bomb-

ing aircraft dropped down into the gorgebelowus tounload water onto the burningslope, withconsiderable effect. The fireswere not entirely out when we set off,winding down the S-bends in and out ofthe smoke and stillunextinguished flamesat the roadside. We emerged safely andsoon reached Delphi.

Into the AirIn Turkey one of our members had themisfortune to slip in the bathtub and puther back out. Wewere staying at a luxuri-ous hotel, but beyond its confines themedical facilitieswere very limited. Fortu-nately,our insurance policies required usto contact Mutual of Omaha in the USAbefore any treatment was undertaken.When we did this the results were magi-cal. Our member was air-lifted by heli-copter to Istanbul to meet a nurse whowas flownout from USAto take charge ofthe treatment and escort her back toCanada. The helicopter was provided bythe Turkish Army but our member, lan-guishing on a stretcher, probably did notenjoy the unique experience any morethan flyingback to Canada first class, herstretcher across three seats. It is true thatOAStrips are intended to provide uniqueexperiences, and flyingacross Turkey ina militaryhelicopter is not an experience

available tomany people. Perhaps this isjust as well. For one thing, according towhat we hear, the helicopter ran out offuel and had to land en TOute. It willbeunderstandable if our member, now re-covered, is not in a hurry to get back intothe air.

Into MatrimonyFor centuries the ancient Turks and theirpredecessors carved homes and tem-ples, even cities, out of rocks. We wereimpressed to be taken to a modern res-taurant carved from rock to enjoy tradi-tional food and to see beautifully cos-tumed performers replicate traditionalceremonies and dances. Inone of thesea veiledmaiden sat on a stool while threesuitors appear, dancing marriage pro-posals. The firstwas dismissed for offer-ing only cheap jewellery, the second forinsufficientmuscle, while the third had allthe necessary attributes to be accepted.The energetic performance was accom-panied by some half-dozen musicianswith such effect that when the girl finallymade her choice and the now-engagedcouple left the floordancing together, wecheered and applauded as if it was thereal thing. Toour surprise the cast imme-diately returned to the stool left on thevacant flooras ifto repeat the event. Thistheydid,but witha difference. One of ourfemale members found herself propelledfrom her table onto the stool by some ofthe cast, and encased in a veil. Two ofour men found themselves dancing be-foreher under the tutelage of others of thecast, both in turn to be rejected in accor-dance with the script. Then all eyes fol-lowed the cast as they seized upon an-other of our group to play the role of theyearning suitor and future husband. Thishe did with zest and flair. The coupledanced off,presumably to complete theirmatrimonialarrangements, accompaniedby our cheers. In an instant most of us

were on the floor dancing with the cast.The happy couple (whomade it clear theywere acting!) returned, the bride dancedwithher groom,withboth rejected suitors,and just about everyone danced witheveryone. Pat, Stewart, Gordon and

.Graham, we were never more proud ofyou than the nightwhen you all flirtedwithmake-believe matrimony, Turkish style.

Into the ToiletsThe bathroom facilities in the modernhotelswe stayed at inTurkey were excel-lent and matched anything we have seenanywhere. This comment even appliesafter the citywater supply was turned offto our hotel in Istanbul. Out on the road,however,the best facilitieswere poor andfrequently appalling to those of us inurgent need. We had heard of the hole-in-the-floorversion but little expected tobe confronted with one while our bodysystems demanded urgent relief. There-fore our interest was intense when atEphesus we encountered a sign stating"TheRestoration of the Antigueted PublicToiletssponsored by the Association of E-phesus Museum". Anxious not only tolearn about "antigueted"toilets but also tomake odious comparisons with the worstof the modern variety, we clustered intowhat had once been a spacious roomwith a central fountain. Along the wallswere the elevated stone seats of the toi-lets,withuseful holes at convenient inter-vals. Public they indeed were, but highlyuser-friendly. Kodak's solvency was as-sured in this room as everyone took pic-tures of everyone enjoying the simplicityof sitting instead of squatting, often withKleenex-improvisedtoiletpaper. Unfortu-nately, these toilets were no longer inactual use, and our actions were, like thewedding mentioned above, necessarilymake-believe.

Into MysticsmWho taught the Whirling Dervishes towhirl? At Konya we were introduced toMevlana, thirteenth century teacher,philosopher, social reformer, mystic,dervish (holy man), writer and poet.Among other attainments he also taught*sentence not clear* as a means of indi-vidual enlightenment and a personalapproach to God a mystic dance (Serna)in which the participants repeatedly ro-tate their bodies in patterns on the dancefloor. These followers of Mevlana(Mevlevi), who practise the Serna, arelittle understood in the West, where theyare known as WhirlingDervishes.The sect was founded at the time of thespread of Islam and reflects Islamicphilosophyand courtesy, and the Mevlevirecognise Mevlana as followingGod andMohammed. Yet surely the Mevlevi, whopractise the Serna, are littleunderstood inthe West,where they are known as Whirl-ing Dervishes. Yet surely the concept ofrepetitive motion as a means of inducinga transcendent altered state of conscious-ness and attainpersonal enlightenment isshamanistic, and links to the sustainedrepetitive rhythmic drumming, singingand dancing used by so many other cul-tures, including those of early Ontario.When the modern Turkish state rejectedan official state religion, the Mevleviseminary and institution at Konya was

reclassified as a museum and the perfor-m=es ofthe Serna at Konya curtailed toonce a year. As a result the movementwent abroad and we were told that todaythe largest group of Mevlevi regularlyconducting the Serna is in what seemedan unlikelycountry - Sweden. Curiously,although we did not see a live perfor-mance of the Serna in Turkey, a numberof us were able to see *do you mean theserna or native dancing?* the ceremonyin Toronto in November.

Into ConclusionAllOAStrips result in bonding among theparticipants, and this one was no excep-tion. Members and guests from the Ham-ilton, Ottawa, Thunder Bay, Toronto andWindsorChapters got to know each otherand got along well. We all supportedeach other as we shared an incrediblerange of experiences, including a guidein Turkey who wanted us to see every-thingand drove us hard, on one day from7.30 a.m. to 10.30p.m. non-stop. I willpersonallyretain an individual memory ofeveryoneon the trip,and I am particularlyindebted to EvelynWozniak of the Wind-sor Chapter for her admirable summaryofthe tripand insightfulexplanation of ourresulting fatigue: "Being a tourist is atough job".Thanks Evelyn,and everyone,you were all great.

TWENTY· FIVE YEAR MEMBERSIDP AWARDSFive members were awarded the Society's twenty-fiveyear membership pin andcertificate during the annual symposium on October 22, 1994.These members areWilliam Fox, James Hunter, Susan Jamieson, Edward Lenik and Ronald Mason.Congratulations I

Returned MailPlease help the office locate these threemembers whose mail has been returned.If you know where these good peoplehave gone to, please tell them to contactthe OAS office,or do this for them:David CORSON,was at HamiltonShaun MURPHY,was at MississaugaWilliamPARKINS,was at Thorold

EfPea.wn'tS §~ /Is someone hinting about your Christmaswishlist? Suggest that an OAS LifeMem-bership is a gift that continues year afteryear. Other ideas will be found in theenclosed flyer. Meanwhile, to all OASMembers everywhere, may you all enjoya veryMerryChristmas and a Happy NewYear.

Update on Education Kits from Chris-tine Caroppo

Some of you may have seen the finishedDiscovering Ontario Archaeology Kit atthe recent Symposium. Four of the south-ern focus kits are currently in use at theRegion of Peel Museum in their outreachprogram. One is being tested in the To-ronto Board of Education system at thehigh schoollelve. The two northern focuskits are stillwithout borrowers.

Inquiries have been received from anumber of local museums, including Ste.Marie Among the Hurons, the LoyalistCultural Centre and the Fieldcote Mu-

seum. A firmbooking has been made byLa MaisonFrancois Baby House in Wind-sor.

The Community Speaker Kitprogram isclose to being finished. The note andslide sets are ready, and a donation ofcarousel trays is being sought from Ko-dak Canada. The kits should be placedby the beginning of 1995. For more infor-mationabout the kitprograms, call me at(416)0460.

Request for Field Work News fromBernice Field

Ihave been asked to act as the SouthernOntario Field WorkNews Coordinator forthe Canadian Archaeological Associa-tion's Newsletter. As such, I am invitingcontributions for the newsletter sectiondetailing work done in Southern Ontarioin 1994.

All that is required is a paragraph aboutyourwork,withperhaps a brief statementhighlighting a site or sites of particularinterest and why they were interesting.The deadline forreceipt of these contribu-tionsisDecember 30. 1994. Anyone withmaterial for the Newsletter can contactme at the numbers or address below. Iwillalso be happy to answer any queriesconcerning contributions.

MCTRCulturalPrograms Branchl Archae-ological and Heritage Planning Unit77 BloorStreet West, 2nd F100rToronto, Ont., M7A2R9Tel: (416)314-7175(7158

ptmlU?J (Jilling and tlw OniariaArcluwological SocietyYour kt WIIand :Je6tanwnt

Last issue we discussed the benefits of Life Insurance as away to leave a bequest to worthwhile charitable organizationslike The Ontario Archaeological Soci-ety. A second method of ensuring theOAS will still exist for future genera-tions is through a gift to the Societywhen you no longer need to rely on thefunds for living expenses, a bequest inyour will.

We all enjoy archaeology in one formor another - as a professional. an avo-cational or even as an annchair ar-chaeologist. And we know what theOAS does for archaeology and what itdoes for us personally - but the OAScannot do this without cost.

When you are revising your Last Willand Testament, remember the plea-sures and achievements you have en-joyed and do your part to ensure suc-ceeding generations also will havesomething to remember. Ask yourlawyer to include a bequest to:

THE ONTARIO AR-CHAEOWGICAL SOCIETY

1Ne.

The amow1lof your bequest will vary but all donations are animportant part of preserving the Society. Whether a simple

legacy, an endowment or a charitabletrust, your contribution is important. Inaddition your bequest is:

I. Tax deductible in the year of deathto the extent that it does not exceed 1/5of total income and any unused deduc-tions can be carried back to the previ-ous year.

2. Able to provide you with the won-derful feeling that "I made a differ-ence", you really will feel good aboutyourself

If you would like to help by leaving abequest to The Ontario ArchaeologicalSociety through your last will and testa-ment please consult your trust officer,lawyer or other advisor or the OAS forfurther details.

The OAS Endowment Fundguarantees yourimmortality! Invest now inArchaeology's fUture.

I am interested in obtaining more information aboutestablishing a Personal Planned Giving Program.

I understand that this request for information doesnot place me under any obligation to establish a plan ..

MAIL TO:THE ONTARIO ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY INC, 126 WILLOWDALE AVE., NORTH YORK, ONT. M2N 4Y2

GRANDRIVERIWATERLOO President:Marcia Redmond (519) 894-5807Vice-President: Ken Old ridge Treasurer: Jack RedmondSecretary: Lois McCulloch, 23 Caledonia St., Guelph, Ont. N1G 2C4Newsletter: THE BIRDSTONE Editor: John D. MacDonaldFees: $7 Meetings: Usually at 8.00pm on the 3rdWednesday of the month, except June-August, at the Adult Recreation Centre, 185 King St. W.,Waterloo, or at the John F. Ross Collegiate.

HAMILTON President:Joseph Muller (905) 525-1240SecretarylTreasurer: Jacqueline Fisher, Box 57165 Jackson Station, Hamilton, Ont. L8P 4X1Newsletter: Editor: John Triggs

LONDON President:Pat Weatherhead (519) 438-4817Vice-President: Chris Ellis Treasurer: Harri MattilaSecretary: Lorelyn Giese, Grosvenor Lodge, 1017 Western Rd., London, Ont. N6G 1G5Newsletter: KEWA Editor: Neal Ferris - Fax (519) 645-0981Fees: $15 Meetings: Usually at 8.00pm on the 2ndThursday of the month, except June-August, at Grosvenor Lodge, 1017 Western Rd., London.

OTTAWA President:Jim Montgomery (613) 730-2377Vice-President: Treasurer: Jack EarnshawSecretary: Lois King, Box 4939 Station E, Ottawa ,Ont. K1S 5J1Newsletter: THE OTTAWA ARCHAEOLOGIST Editor: Rachel PerkinsFees: $15 Meetings: Usually at7.30pm on the 2ndWednesday of the month, except June-August, at the Victoria Memorial Building, Metcalfe &McLeod Streets, Ottawa.

THUNDERBAY President:Frances Duke (807) 683-5375Vice-President: Scott HamiltonSecretarylTreasurer: Andrew Hinshelwood, 331 Hallam St., Thunder Bay, Ont. P7A 1L9Newsletter: WANIKAN Editor: Andrew HinshelwoodFees: $5 Meetings: Usually at 8.00pm on the last Fridayof the month, except June-August, in the Anthropology Teaching Lab., room 2004,Braun Building,Lakehead University, Thunder Bay.

TORONTO President:Greg Purmal (905) 880-4481Vice-President: Wayne McDonald Treasurer: Eva MacDonaldSecretary: Annie Gould, Toronto's First Post Office, 260 Adelaide St. E., Box 48, Toronto, Ont.M5A 1N1Newsletter: PROFILE Editor: Valerie Sl1JnstenesFees: $10 Meetings: Usually at 8.00pm on the 3rdWednesday of the month, except June-August, in Room 561A, Sidney Smith Hall, 100 St.George St., Toronto. .

WINDSOR President:Suzanne Gero (313) 393-9309Vice-President: Treasurer: IIinka TemerinskiSecretary: Sandra Lesperance, 3461 Peter St., #507, Windsor, Ont. NeC 3Z6Newsletter: SQUIRREL COUNTY GAZETIE Editor: Peter ReidFees: $12 Meetings: Usually at 7.00pm on the 2ndTuesday of the month, except June-August, at St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church, 405 VictoriaSt., Windsor.

The Ontario Archaeological Society Inc.126 Willowdale Ave., North York, Ontario M2N 4Y2

Phone, fax or modem (416) 730-0797

Mr. Henry H. van Lieshout81 Overbank Crescent

Don Mills, OntarioM3A lWl

(416) 446-7673

Directorof Professional Services

Ms Lise A Ferguson536 Glengrove Ave. W.

Toronto, OntarioM6B2H4

Directorof Publications

Ms Norma E. Knowlton418 Bouchier St.

P.O. Box 13Roches Point, Ontario

LOE 1PO(905) 476-4747

Mr. Michael W. KirbyP.O. Box 579

Markdale, OntarioNOC lHO

(519) 986-4026

Directorof Public Services

Directorof Chapter Services

Mr. Tony Stapells39 McKenzie Ave.Toronto, Ontario

M4W lKI(416) 962-1136

Mr. Stewart R. Leslie187 Delmar DriveHamilton, Ontario

L9C 118(905) 389-2394

Directorof Member Services

Ms Anne La Fontaine100 Quebec Ave. #1502

Toronto, OntarioM6P4B8

Mr. Charles Garrad103 Anndale Drive

North York, OntarioM2N2X3

(416) 223-2752

Scientific Journal: ONTARIO ARCHAEOLOG YNewsletter: ARCH NOTES

Special Publications: (As advertised)

Individual: $28Family: $34

Institutional: $55Life: $400

Chapter Fees Extra