arch 1250 applied environmental studies class five hydrology · 2012-02-05 · sidwell friends...

9/27/2012

1

ARCH 1250APPLIED ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

CLASS FIVEHYDROLOGY

John Seitz, RA, LEED APAdjunct Assistant Professor

Professor Paul C. King, RA, AIA, ARAAssistant Professor

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY

Soon to be the world’s most precious commodity

It is already the world’s third largest industry. When wastewater treatment is included it is valued at over 500 billion $US annually.

Of the 6 billion people on earth, 1.1 billion do not have access to safe, clean drinking water.

Nearly 1.8 million children under the age of five die annually from diarrheal diseases (such as cholera, typhoid, and dysentery) attributable to a lack of safe drinking water and basic sanitation.

While the average American uses 150 gallons of water per day, those in developing countries cannot find five

Water

THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE

WATER in CULTURE

WATER in ECOSYSTEMS

SITE HYDROLOGY

GROUNDWATER

STORMWATER

EROSIONCONTROL

IRRIGATIONSYSTEMS

CATCHMENTSYSTEMS

TREATMENTSYSTEMS

THE WATERBALANCE

9/27/2012

2

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY

Hydrologic cycle from Derek Elsom’s, Earth,

The Making, Shaping

and Workings of a

Planet, 1992

The Hydrologic CycleWater delivered to your rooftop, no bills included.


WATER in CULTURE

WATER in ECOSYSTEMS

SITE HYDROLOGY

GROUNDWATER

STORMWATER

EROSIONCONTROL

IRRIGATIONSYSTEMS

CATCHMENTSYSTEMS

TREATMENTSYSTEMS

THE WATERBALANCE

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY


WATER in CULTURE

WATER in ECOSYSTEMS

SITE HYDROLOGY

GROUNDWATER

STORMWATER

EROSIONCONTROL

IRRIGATIONSYSTEMS

CATCHMENTSYSTEMS

TREATMENTSYSTEMS

THE WATERBALANCE

Dewpoint

If we cool air without changing its moisture content, eventually we'll reach a temperature at which the air can no longer hold the moisture it contains. At this point water will condense out of the air, forming dew or fog.

This is the dewpoint.

9/27/2012

3

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY


WATER in CULTURE

WATER in ECOSYSTEMS

SITE HYDROLOGY

GROUNDWATER

STORMWATER

EROSIONCONTROL

IRRIGATIONSYSTEMS

CATCHMENTSYSTEMS

TREATMENTSYSTEMS

THE WATERBALANCE

Precipitation

Describes various forms of water vapor condensation that fall from the sky under gravity.

This includes rain, sleet, drizzle, snow and hail.

Precipitation occurs when a local portion of the atmosphere becomes saturated with water vapor, so that the water condenses and precipitates.

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY


WATER in CULTURE

WATER in ECOSYSTEMS

SITE HYDROLOGY

GROUNDWATER

STORMWATER

EROSIONCONTROL

IRRIGATIONSYSTEMS

CATCHMENTSYSTEMS

TREATMENTSYSTEMS

THE WATERBALANCE

Evaporation

Typically describes the movement of water molecules from a wet surface to the air as water vapor.

This may happen at the surface of water bodies, wet soil particles or other site materials and plant stomata (where it is called transpiration)

9/27/2012

4

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY


WATER in CULTURE

WATER in ECOSYSTEMS

SITE HYDROLOGY

GROUNDWATER

STORMWATER

EROSIONCONTROL

IRRIGATIONSYSTEMS

CATCHMENTSYSTEMS

TREATMENTSYSTEMS

THE WATERBALANCE

Transpiration

Is a process similar to evaporation. It describes how water absorbed at plant roots, moves upward through the vascular tissues and evaporates through openings known as stomata.

A fully grown tree may lose several hundred gallons of water through its leaves on a hot, dry day. We transplant plants in cooler weather and provide extra water for the first year to reduce stress on the plant through transpirational losses.

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY


WATER in CULTURE

WATER in ECOSYSTEMS

SITE HYDROLOGY

GROUNDWATER

STORMWATER

EROSIONCONTROL

IRRIGATIONSYSTEMS

CATCHMENTSYSTEMS

TREATMENTSYSTEMS

THE WATERBALANCE

Where does our water come from?

2,000 square miles of watershed send more than 1 billion gallons of water to NYC daily

9/27/2012

5

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY

OVERVIEW

AVAILABLE RESOURCES

WATER NEEDS

CONSERVATION STRATEGIES

STORAGE and TREATMENT STRATEGIES

CULTURE and EDUCATION

NEXT CLASS

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY


WATER in CULTURE

WATER in ECOSYSTEMS

SITE HYDROLOGY

GROUNDWATER

STORMWATER

EROSIONCONTROL

IRRIGATIONSYSTEMS

CATCHMENTSYSTEMS

TREATMENTSYSTEMS

THE WATERBALANCE

A 7,000 mile network of water mains, tunnels and aqueducts carry water from 21 reservoirs to your tap

A valve chamber beneath Van Cortland Park in the Bronx

9/27/2012

6

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY


WATER in CULTURE

WATER in ECOSYSTEMS

SITE HYDROLOGY

GROUNDWATER

STORMWATER

EROSIONCONTROL

IRRIGATIONSYSTEMS

CATCHMENTSYSTEMS

TREATMENTSYSTEMS

THE WATERBALANCE

7,400 miles of sewers carry waste to 14 waste treatment plants throughout the city

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY


WATER in CULTURE

WATER in ECOSYSTEMS

SITE HYDROLOGY

GROUNDWATER

STORMWATER

EROSIONCONTROL

IRRIGATIONSYSTEMS

CATCHMENTSYSTEMS

TREATMENTSYSTEMS

THE WATERBALANCE

Newtown Creek Waste Treatment plant North River Waste Treatment Plant with Riverbank State Park above

9/27/2012

7

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY


WATER in CULTURE

WATER in ECOSYSTEMS

SITE HYDROLOGY

GROUNDWATER

STORMWATER

EROSIONCONTROL

IRRIGATIONSYSTEMS

CATCHMENTSYSTEMS

TREATMENTSYSTEMS

THE WATERBALANCE

More than 460 Combined Sewer Overflows (CSO’s) still release raw sewage into the harbor during major rain events

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY

Water in Culture


WATER in CULTURE

WATER in ECOSYSTEMS

SITE HYDROLOGY

GROUNDWATER

STORMWATER

EROSIONCONTROL

IRRIGATIONSYSTEMS

CATCHMENTSYSTEMS

TREATMENTSYSTEMS

THE WATERBALANCE

By means of water,

we give life to everything.

Koran, 21:30

9/27/2012

8

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY

Water in Culture


WATER in CULTURE

WATER in ECOSYSTEMS

SITE HYDROLOGY

GROUNDWATER

STORMWATER

EROSIONCONTROL

IRRIGATIONSYSTEMS

CATCHMENTSYSTEMS

TREATMENTSYSTEMS

THE WATERBALANCE

If there is magic on the planet, it is

contained in the water.

Loren Eisley

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY


WATER in CULTURE

WATER in ECOSYSTEMS

SITE HYDROLOGY

GROUNDWATER

STORMWATER

EROSIONCONTROL

IRRIGATIONSYSTEMS

CATCHMENTSYSTEMS

TREATMENTSYSTEMS

THE WATERBALANCE

9/27/2012

9

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY

Cairn and Tide, Andrew Goldsworthy, 1999

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY

9/27/2012

10

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY

Water in Ecosystems


WATER in CULTURE

WATER in ECOSYSTEMS

SITE HYDROLOGY

GROUNDWATER

STORMWATER

EROSIONCONTROL

IRRIGATIONSYSTEMS

CATCHMENTSYSTEMS

TREATMENTSYSTEMS

THE WATERBALANCE

Ecological systems have developed a variety of infrastructures to conserve, protect and cleanse water.

Many plants and animals have developed regulating mechanisms that allow them to conserve water in dryer times (and in some cases store it in wetter times).

Forests and layers of vegetation create protective canopies and microclimates that retard water loss. Wetlands, soil systems and streams support a host of organisms that clean our waters.

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY


WATER in CULTURE

WATER in ECOSYSTEMS

SITE HYDROLOGY

GROUNDWATER

STORMWATER

EROSIONCONTROL

IRRIGATIONSYSTEMS

CATCHMENTSYSTEMS

TREATMENTSYSTEMS

THE WATERBALANCE

Wetlands

• An area of land whose soil is saturated with moisture either permanently or seasonally

• Wetlands include swamps, marshes, and bogs and may have salt, fresh or brackish waters.

• Wetlands are the most biologically diverse of all ecosystems.

• Wetlands are often part of an integrated sustainable site design where they absorb and filter stormwater runoff

• Despite many state and federal protections wetland loss continues at the rate of nearly 60,000 acres per year.

9/27/2012

11

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY


WATER in CULTURE

WATER in ECOSYSTEMS

SITE HYDROLOGY

GROUNDWATER

STORMWATER

EROSIONCONTROL

IRRIGATIONSYSTEMS

CATCHMENTSYSTEMS

TREATMENTSYSTEMS

THE WATERBALANCE

The Viele water map of lower Manhattan (1864) illustrates how quickly the original outlines and contours disappeared and pushed outward.

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY

100 year floodplain map for lower Manhattan

Protecting floodplain functions

Cedar Rapids, Iowa, 2008

9/27/2012

12

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY

Emerald Necklace, Metropolitan Boston, 1878-1896 by Frederick Law Olmstead

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY


WATER in CULTURE

WATER in ECOSYSTEMS

SITE HYDROLOGY

GROUNDWATER

STORMWATER

EROSIONCONTROL

IRRIGATIONSYSTEMS

CATCHMENTSYSTEMS

TREATMENTSYSTEMS

THE WATERBALANCE

USGS Maps of Brooklyn from 1900 and 2010

Brooklyn was once ringed by salt marshes, some of the most ecologically productive land in the world.

9/27/2012

13

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY


WATER in CULTURE

WATER in ECOSYSTEMS

SITE HYDROLOGY

GROUNDWATER

STORMWATER

EROSIONCONTROL

IRRIGATIONSYSTEMS

CATCHMENTSYSTEMS

TREATMENTSYSTEMS

THE WATERBALANCE

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY

Site Hydrology - Groundwater


WATER in CULTURE

WATER in ECOSYSTEMS

SITE HYDROLOGY

GROUNDWATER

STORMWATER

EROSIONCONTROL

IRRIGATIONSYSTEMS

CATCHMENTSYSTEMS

TREATMENTSYSTEMS

THE WATERBALANCE

Water table diagram per USGS 2012

9/27/2012

14

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY

Site Hydrology - Stormwater


WATER in CULTURE

WATER in ECOSYSTEMS

SITE HYDROLOGY

GROUNDWATER

STORMWATER

EROSIONCONTROL

IRRIGATIONSYSTEMS

CATCHMENTSYSTEMS

TREATMENTSYSTEMS

THE WATERBALANCE

As more and more land becomes paved, reducing infiltration and absorption by plants, the destructive force of stormwater has increased significantly.

Municipalities across the country now require many new developments to hold storm water surges and provide strategies to reduce suspended solids before release into public sewer systems.

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY

OVERVIEW

SELECTION & BOUNDARIES

ANALYSIS and MAPPING

PROGRAMMING and INTEGRATED DESIGN

CLIMATE

PRODUCTIVITY & BIODIVERSITY

MAINTENANCE

INTRO TO TERM PROJECT

NEXT CLASS

Designed wetlands - Bioswales

Open planted trenches designed to gather, treat and slowly move rainwater from adjacent hardscape areas. Silt and pollutants are removed through mechanical and biological processes.

9/27/2012

15

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY

OVERVIEW




CLIMATE


MAINTENANCE


NEXT CLASS

Designed wetlands - Rain Gardens

Planted depressions that provide a temporary holding place for rainwater from adjacent hardscape areas. Water may leave through a combination of plant transpiration, evaporation or absorption (images from City of Portland)

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY

Sidwell Friends School, DC

A green roof and constructed wetland reduce stormwaterrunoff, improve the quality of infiltrated runoff, and reduce municipal water use.

The green roof slows the flow of rainwater and diverts it through a series of scuppers, downspouts, and flowforms to the biology pond and rain garden in the courtyard.

The naturally treated water is eventually reused in the toilets and cooling towers.


WATER in CULTURE

WATER in ECOSYSTEMS

SITE HYDROLOGY

GROUNDWATER

STORMWATER

EROSIONCONTROL

IRRIGATIONSYSTEMS

CATCHMENTSYSTEMS

TREATMENTSYSTEMS

THE WATERBALANCE

9/27/2012

16

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY

Sidwell Friends School, DC

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY

Site Hydrology - Erosion Control


WATER in CULTURE

WATER in ECOSYSTEMS

SITE HYDROLOGY

GROUNDWATER

STORMWATER

EROSIONCONTROL

IRRIGATIONSYSTEMS

CATCHMENTSYSTEMS

TREATMENTSYSTEMS

THE WATERBALANCE

Erosion is the process by which the surface of the earth is worn away by the action of natural elements, such as water and wind.

It is strongly influenced by the

Type of soil

Steepness of slope

Speed of water or wind

9/27/2012

17

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY

Erosion Control


WATER in CULTURE

WATER in ECOSYSTEMS

SITE HYDROLOGY

GROUNDWATER

STORMWATER

EROSIONCONTROL

IRRIGATIONSYSTEMS

CATCHMENTSYSTEMS

TREATMENTSYSTEMS

THE WATERBALANCE

Site strategies to reduce erosion must address both construction activities and the completed project.

They may include regrading, retaining walls, geotextiles, plantings, riprap

Above Geotextile

Below riprap

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable irrigation strategiesinclude drip irrigation, rain controllers and appropriate plantings


WATER in CULTURE

WATER in ECOSYSTEMS

SITE HYDROLOGY

GROUNDWATER

STORMWATER

EROSIONCONTROL

IRRIGATIONSYSTEMS

CATCHMENTSYSTEMS

TREATMENTSYSTEMS

THE WATERBALANCE

9/27/2012

18

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY

Rainwater capture and cisterns have long been a part of indigenous building, particularly in dry climates. Water can be easily stored in closed below ground cisterns.

Catchment systems


WATER in CULTURE

WATER in ECOSYSTEMS

SITE HYDROLOGY

GROUNDWATER

STORMWATER

EROSIONCONTROL

IRRIGATIONSYSTEMS

CATCHMENTSYSTEMS

TREATMENTSYSTEMS

THE WATERBALANCE

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY


WATER in CULTURE

WATER in ECOSYSTEMS

SITE HYDROLOGY

GROUNDWATER

STORMWATER

EROSIONCONTROL

IRRIGATIONSYSTEMS

CATCHMENTSYSTEMS

TREATMENTSYSTEMS

THE WATERBALANCE

Basilica Cistern, Istanbul

9/27/2012

19

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY


WATER in CULTURE

WATER in ECOSYSTEMS

SITE HYDROLOGY

GROUNDWATER

STORMWATER

EROSIONCONTROL

IRRIGATIONSYSTEMS

CATCHMENTSYSTEMS

TREATMENTSYSTEMS

THE WATERBALANCE

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY

Magney House, Australia by Glenn Murcutt

9/27/2012

20

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY

OVERVIEW

AVAILABLE RESOURCES

WATER NEEDS




NEXT CLASS

Making the story of water more visible

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY


WATER in CULTURE

WATER in ECOSYSTEMS

SITE HYDROLOGY

GROUNDWATER

STORMWATER

EROSIONCONTROL

IRRIGATIONSYSTEMS

CATCHMENTSYSTEMS

TREATMENTSYSTEMS

THE WATERBALANCE

Nuremberg PrismaNuremberg, Germany

9/27/2012

21

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY


WATER in CULTURE

WATER in ECOSYSTEMS

SITE HYDROLOGY

GROUNDWATER

STORMWATER

EROSIONCONTROL

IRRIGATIONSYSTEMS

CATCHMENTSYSTEMS

TREATMENTSYSTEMS

THE WATERBALANCE

Nuremberg PrismaAtrium view

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY

Municipalities generally recognize two categories of wastewater and treatment requirements will vary.

Greywater -is generated from domestic activities such as laundry, dishwashing, and bathing. This water can generally be applied to toilet flushing and irrigation with a minimum of treatment.

Blackwater - is wastewater from toilets and requires signficant treatment before reuse is allowed.

Water Reuse (treatment) strategies


WATER in CULTURE

WATER in ECOSYSTEMS

SITE HYDROLOGY

GROUNDWATER

STORMWATER

EROSIONCONTROL

IRRIGATIONSYSTEMS

CATCHMENTSYSTEMS

TREATMENTSYSTEMS

THE WATERBALANCE

9/27/2012

22

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY

Ecological wastewater treatment

In 1976 NASA developed the first operational wastewater treatment system for both domestic sewerage and industrial wastewater. This first system relied upon the Water Hyacinth.

Further development and research revealed that a mixture of water plants in combination with a rock filter provided the optimum combination. The rock added to the available surface area, allowing larger colonies of bacteria and microorganisms to thrive. As the water moves through the system the oxygen content improves and allows larger organisms and protozoa to feed on the bacteria.


WATER in CULTURE

WATER in ECOSYSTEMS

SITE HYDROLOGY

GROUNDWATER

STORMWATER

EROSIONCONTROL

IRRIGATIONSYSTEMS

CATCHMENTSYSTEMS

TREATMENTSYSTEMS

THE WATERBALANCE

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY

OVERVIEW

AVAILABLE RESOURCES

WATER NEEDS




NEXT CLASS

Living machine diagram

9/27/2012

23

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY

OVERVIEW

AVAILABLE RESOURCES

WATER NEEDS




NEXT CLASS

Noorder Zoo, Emmen, Netherlands (treats 220,000 gals daily)

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY

OVERVIEW

AVAILABLE RESOURCES

WATER NEEDS




NEXT CLASS

Additional water plants used with success include ………

Duckweed Arrowhead Pickerelweed

Bulrush Cattails Calla Lily

9/27/2012

24

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY

OVERVIEW




CLIMATE


MAINTENANCE


NEXT CLASS

Designed wetlands - Living Machines

A trademarked form of biological wastewater treatment designed to mimic the cleansing functions of a wetland.

The living machine designed for El Monte Sagrado, a New Mexico resort forms the centerpiece of the design and treats more than 4,000 gallons of water daily

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY

OVERVIEW




CLIMATE


MAINTENANCE


NEXT CLASS

Designed wetlands

The living machine at Old Trail School, Bath Ohio is indoors to allow it to function year round. It processes more than 5,000 gallons of wastewater daily

9/27/2012

25

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY

Stormtreat unit

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY

Potsdamer Platz, Berlin


WATER in CULTURE

WATER in ECOSYSTEMS

SITE HYDROLOGY

GROUNDWATER

STORMWATER

EROSIONCONTROL

IRRIGATIONSYSTEMS

CATCHMENTSYSTEMS

TREATMENTSYSTEMS

THE WATERBALANCE

9/27/2012

26

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY

Illustration of cleansing biotype and cistern systemTHE

HYDROLOGIC CYCLE

WATER in CULTURE

WATER in ECOSYSTEMS

SITE HYDROLOGY

GROUNDWATER

STORMWATER

EROSIONCONTROL

IRRIGATIONSYSTEMS

CATCHMENTSYSTEMS

TREATMENTSYSTEMS

THE WATERBALANCE

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY

Solaire, Battery Park City

Wastewater treatment system treats 25,000 gallons of wastewater daily. Cleaned water is used for toilet flushing, refilling the cooling tower and irrigation.

Reclaimed water is often in purple

pipes


WATER in CULTURE

WATER in ECOSYSTEMS

SITE HYDROLOGY

GROUNDWATER

STORMWATER

EROSIONCONTROL

IRRIGATIONSYSTEMS

CATCHMENTSYSTEMS

TREATMENTSYSTEMS

THE WATERBALANCE

9/27/2012

27

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY

Site Hydrology - The Water Balance


WATER in CULTURE

WATER in ECOSYSTEMS

SITE HYDROLOGY

GROUNDWATER

STORMWATER

EROSIONCONTROL

IRRIGATIONSYSTEMS

CATCHMENTSYSTEMS

TREATMENTSYSTEMS

THE WATERBALANCE

It has become the task of every building professional to match site water needs with site resources. We do this through a combination of

Water conservation

Rainwater capture and use

Used water recycling

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY

Rainfall in NYC averages 48” per year. This amounts to …..

4 feet x 27,878 400 (Sq feet in Sq mile) x 350 (area in sq miles of NYC) = 39,029,760,000 cubic feet

39,029,760,000 cubic feet x 6.429 (gallons in a cubic foot) = 250,922,327,000 gallons of water that fall on city annually

250,922,327,000 / 365 (days in year) = 687,458,430 gallons daily

We can harvest more than half of our water requirements from rainfall

9/27/2012

28

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY

LEED and LBC criteria

LEED awards points as follows

WEprereq Requirement to reduce water use by 20% below a standard practice baseline.

WEc1 Reduce irrigation requirements by 50% (2pts)

Or completely (4pts)

WEc2 Utilize an innovative wastewater system or reduce potable water by 50% (2pts)

WEc3 Further reduce water use by up to 40% (2-4pts)

Living Building Challenge has the following imperative

05 One hundred percent of occupants’ water use must come from captured precipitation or closed loop water systems

(that are purified without the use of chemicals).


WATER in CULTURE

WATER in ECOSYSTEMS

SITE HYDROLOGY

GROUNDWATER

STORMWATER

EROSIONCONTROL

IRRIGATIONSYSTEMS

CATCHMENTSYSTEMS

TREATMENTSYSTEMS

THE WATERBALANCE

9/27/2012

29

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY

Water from fog

Collecting dew drops for drinking water is an ancient practice that has received renewed attention in arid areas with frequent fogs (current projects in Chile, Ethiopia, Nepal, South Africa, Morocco).

Today’s technology is modeled in part on the water attracting and repelling qualities of the Darkling Beetle from the Namibian desert.

Image American Museum of Natural History Image National Geographic Society


WATER in CULTURE

WATER in ECOSYSTEMS

SITE HYDROLOGY

GROUNDWATER

STORMWATER

EROSIONCONTROL

IRRIGATIONSYSTEMS

CATCHMENTSYSTEMS

TREATMENTSYSTEMS

THE WATERBALANCE

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY

Water from fog

Today’s fog catchers include high tech materials in nets and skyscrapers that seek to recreate the water attracting and repelling quality of the beetle’s exoskeleton.

Alberto Fernández and Susana Ortega’s, Fog Tower project, Chile 2008

Shreerang Chhatre’s fabric with both water repelling and attracting properties 2011


WATER in CULTURE

WATER in ECOSYSTEMS

SITE HYDROLOGY

GROUNDWATER

STORMWATER

EROSIONCONTROL

IRRIGATIONSYSTEMS

CATCHMENTSYSTEMS

TREATMENTSYSTEMS

THE WATERBALANCE

9/27/2012

30

LECTURE FIVE

HYDROLOGY

ARCH 1250

APPLIED

ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

NYC COLLEGE

OF TECHNOLOGY

Some good local references


WATER in CULTURE

WATER in ECOSYSTEMS

SITE HYDROLOGY

GROUNDWATER

STORMWATER

EROSIONCONTROL

IRRIGATIONSYSTEMS

CATCHMENTSYSTEMS

TREATMENTSYSTEMS

THE WATERBALANCE

Water Matters; A Design Manual for Water Conservation in Buildings, NYC DDC 2010

Guidelines for the Design and Construction of StormwaterManagement Systems,NYC DEP 2012

arch 1250 applied environmental studies class five hydrology · 2012-02-05 · sidwell friends...

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