arcgis concepts
TRANSCRIPT
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Lecture 3
ArcGIS Desktop - Spatial data -in, out and shake it all about!
Geog5040: Using and adapting ArcGIS
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Last week
A first lookat ArcGIS
What IS ArcGIS?
Where do I findhelp?
How is datastored in ArcGIS?
Who uses ArcGIS?
Working withCoveragesand command line
ArcWorkstationArcGIS
ArcCatalogArcMapArcToolbox
BooksArcGIS Desktop helpArcInfo WorkstationArcDocStaff
Each other
Discussion on
experience andpossible users
Concentrated onVector datamodel:ShapefilesGeodatabasesCoverages
More detail oncoverages
Brief look at howto use ArcEdit
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Overview of Weeks 2-6 of GEOG5040
USING ARCGIS
Week 2: A first look at ArcGIS and
ArcInfoWorkstation
Week 3:Spatial Data
in, outand shake it all
about!
Week 5:Spatial
Manipulation&
Analysis Week 4:Tables, Querying,Displaying and
Presentation
Week 6:Rasters &Surfaces
Weeks 7-11: Adapting ArcGIS
(with Dr Andy Evans)
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Aims and objectives of this lectureThis lecture/workshop aims to :
Introduce you to ArcGIS Desktop, in particular ArcCatalog, ArcMap and ArcToolboxExplore different methods of getting spatial datainto ArcGIS
Give you the opportunity to use the Editor ToolbarGuide you on exporting your data Provide support to start building a geodatabase
Upon completion of this lecture/workshop you should:Be familiar with ArcGIS Desktop basicsHave an appreciation of the different means ofinputting and exporting spatial dataHave started to build a geodatabase
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Week 3: Data In, out and shake itall about!
Spatial d ata in,out and shake
it all about!
What ArcGISapplications do I
need to use?
How do Ichange/edit spatial
datawithin ArcGIS?How do I export
my data?
How do I build aGeodatabase?
How do I get spatialdata in?
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What ArcGIS applications do I needto use?
In order to get data into ArcGIS, edit andexport we need to be familiar withArcCatalog and ArcMap and ArcToolboxFirst of all we will quickly take a look at theinterfaces for these applications anddiscuss what each one does.
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What do we do in ArcCatalog?
Manage geographic dataCopy, move, delete dataConnect to drives on your computerSearch for data on your drives or across anetworkView/add/edit metadataDrag data into ArcMapExport data
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ArcCatalog interface
CatalogTree
Catalog display(Preview mode)
Geography
selected
Toolbars
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ArcCatalog interface Catalog display(Preview mode)
Table selected
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What do we do in ArcMap
Displaying map dataNavigating/exploring a map
Looking at feature attributesEditing features and attributesQuery attributes
Analyse spatial relationshipsDesign map layouts
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ArcMap interface
Mapdisplay
Table ofcontents
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ArcToolbox interfaceArcCatalog
ArcMap
ArcToolkitwindow
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Extensions
Extend thecapabilities of ArcGISwith a number of
products Add from the Toolsmenu in ArcCatalogor ArcMap
Allows selection ofproducts (subject tolicense)
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Toolbars for extensions
Toolbars for these extensions do notautomatically open. Use View > Toolbars toopen (in ArcMap)
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Activity 1 - Extensions
Not all of ArcGIS's capabilities can automatically be seen. Some ofthe tools have to be enabled (as long as the University has thelicence for it). For example, if you wish to use the Spatial Analysttools from ArcToolbox (third tool from bottom when you look in
ArcToolbox), none of the tools work unless Spatial Analyst has beenenabled.Try this now....click on any of the tools within Spatial Analyst...dothey open up a dialog box or does it come up with an error messagesaying the licence is not available? If the former then the tool hasalready been enabled but if the latter then you should enable thisnow.
Add in any extensions that the University has a licence for that arenot already enabled. When that is done, make the Network Analystand Spatial Analyst toolbars visible. You do not need to leave thesetoolbars visible if you don't want to.
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How do I get spatial data in?
Spatial data in,out and shake
it all about!
What ArcGIS
applications do Ineed to use?
How do Ichange/edit data
within ArcGIS?How do I exportmy data?
Networks. How do I get spatialdata in?
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Getting geographical data in
Creating new dataImporting shapefiles, coverages andgeodatabases.Importing text files.Importing other formats.
Importing from web services.
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Creating new data
DigitisingProduces vector dataUsually produced from paper maps, aerial
photos or satellite imagesHeads-up digitising
Digitise image on computer screenManual adding e.g. from raw coordinates. ArcGISallows you to create shapes or specify angles andlengths of line segments and whether they areparallel or perpendicular to other segments
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Importing
Right-clicking on aWorkspace,Geodatabase or FeatureDataset brings up importand export options, soyou don t have to buildGeodatabases fromscratch.
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Importing other formats ArcToolbox has a whole setof tools for conversion.
In ArcCatalog there is an
ArcView 8x Toolbar withConversion Tools
MapManager (accessed viaa toolbar in ArcCatalog orfrom the Start menu)
NTF converterOS MasterMap data converter
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Importing text files(Coverages)
ArcGIS can import ASCII textfiles ( American S tandard Codefor Information Interchange).
ArcToolbox Generate toCoverage Wizard ..
NB: Generate files onlyinclude geography, not
attributes.
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Importing from web services
Web services: the Next Big Thing.Data storehouses you connect via a menu on yourGIS, they download the data to you. You don t save itlocally.
For example, ESRI s online data warehouse, Geography Network(http://www.geographynetwork.com/)
Ultimately online GIS will do the analysis you just getthe results.
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Geography Network
Pick locality, dataset and it downloads the data fromthe website into your application.
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Metadata
What is metadata?Data about dataWho created itWhere it came fromCoordinate systemWhat fields in attribute tables mean
Why is it important?Without metadata, data is uselessDealing with undocumented data can be
frustrating.
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Viewing metadata
Tabs and links in ArcCatalog
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Editing metadata
Editing metadata is done via themetadata toolbar
Can select: Stylesheet Edit metadata
Metadata properties Create/update metadata Import metadata
Export metadata
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How do I change/edit spatial datawithin ArcGIS?
Spatial d ata -in,
out and shakeit all about!
What ArcGIS
applications do Ineed to use?
How do Ichange/edit spatial
datawithin ArcGIS?
How do I exportmy data?
How do I build aGeodatabase?
How do I get datain?
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Tasks: Modify features etc
There s a few additionalmenu items that mighthelp you, if your topologydoesn t clean or you needto edit your data.These are on the Task drop down list of theEditor Toolbar.
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Editing Topological features
Shared features have boundaries or nodes in commonIf you change a boundary between two polygons whichshare that boundary then you have to edit the firstpolygon and then the second, using snapping to align
accurately. ArcGIS has a special tool for editing of shared features:Topology Edit tool (on the Topology toolbar)Then use the Topology tasks from the Task bar
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Autocomplete Polygon
You can also use AutoComplete Polygon from the task list with the sketch tool to addPolygons with shared boundaries.
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How do I export data from ArcGIS?
Data in,out and shake
it all about!
What ArcGISapplications do I
need to use?
How do Ichange/edit data
within ArcGIS?How do I exportmy data?
How do I build aGeodatabase?
How do I get datain?
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Activity 2 Editing a polygon shapefileNow you can have a play with editing a shapefile.
Open the wyorks shapefile (showing the polygons of West Yorkshire) from Practical 1 in ArcMap. Make sure the Editor Toolbar is visible (use View > Toolbars..to add it if necessary).When you wish to start editing click on the little arrow next to 'Editor' on the toolbar and select'Start Editing'. This makes the toolbar 'live and areas which were previously greyed out orunselectable can now be selected. [Note: This shapefile may be read only (giving you an errormessage that you don't have permission to edit it) in which case you need to deselect the ticknext to Read- only in the file s Properties.] Have a look at the tools on the editor toolbar and check out what they do. Have a look at thevarious tasks that are now available to you. Note that not all tasks may work, especially as youare working with a shapefile and you only have polygons to work with (so editing functions likeextend and trim which are designed to work with lines/arcs won't work for polygons) but you cancreate new features, modify features, move them or split polygons.
An example may be that you wish to modify a polygon. Select the task to be Modify features,
click on the Edit tool (the arrow next to the Editor drop down menu, click on a polygon and youwill see the vertices highlighted. You can then drag and move those vertices to create a newshape. When you have moved the vertices, right click in the map display area and select FinishSketch. Your polygon should change.See what else you can do. When you have finished select 'Stop Editing' from the Editor dropdown menu. Select No when asked if you wish to save changes.
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How do I build a Geodatabase?
Data in,out and shake
it all about!
What ArcGIS
applications do Ineed to use?
How do Ichange/edit data
within ArcGIS?How do I export
my data?
How do I build aGeodatabase?
How do I get datain?
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GeodatabasesNew ArcDesktop data format.
The future for ArcGIS.
Like a Coverage only stored in an Object OrientatedDatabase.
Local or Personal Geodatabases vs. SDE Geodatabasesshared on a network.
SDE databases can be on ArcSDE servers or most otherdatabases. They have locking and versioning to resolveconflicts if more than one person edits a Feature.
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GeodatabasesCan build them from scratch, import from other formatsor build using drawings.
Keep strict Topological and Data Item constraints onFeatures.
Build Topology and confirm Features have appropriatedata as they are edited.
Because of this, are used as the basis of Network Analysis.
Geodatabase Feature Dataset Feature Class Features
Workspace Coverage Arcs, Polygons etc. Features
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Object Orientated Databases
Each feature is an Object stored in the Geodatabase.Each Feature is of a certain predefined type, orClass.You can define your own classes, and inheritproperties from standard classes.When your classes inherit from another class, theypick up all the Classes Attributes.Classes inheriting from another are known asSubclasses of a Superclass.
ESRI Simple EdgeFeature
integer : length
Building
integer : people
House
Has length and peopleAlso has
length
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Constraints
Geographical.Class and data types.
Variable ranges or categories.
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Example
Whereas previously you d make an Arc for a road, you cannow make a Road class from the Simple Edge Feature superclass.
Constrain the Road so it must have a Surface type variable picked from a list.
Subclass Road to make a Motorway class, with a Number variable which is constrained between 1 and 999.
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Benefits of Geodatabase data model
All data stored centrally in Access databaseData entry and editing is more accurate inputvalidated
Data objects more intuitive roads, lakes ratherthan lines and polygonsFeatures have richer context define a featuresquality as well as its context with other features
Better mapsMany users can edit geographical datasimultaneously conflicts can be reconciled
B ildi G d t b f
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Building a Geodatabase fromscratch
First decide your requirements. Many parts ofthe creation process cannot be undone later, soget it right first time.
What types of data do you want and whatconstraints?What geographical area do you need?
Are you going to do analysis on the data?
Build the Geodatabase in ArcCatalog.
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Table of Contents
You should end up with something like thefollowing.
Geodatabase
FeatureDataset
FeatureClass
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Benefits of Geodatabase data model
All data stored centrally in Access databaseData entry and editing is more accurate inputvalidated
Data objects more intuitive roads, lakes ratherthan lines and polygonsFeatures have richer context define a featuresquality as well as its context with other features
Better mapsMany users can edit geographical datasimultaneously conflicts can be reconciled
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Building the Geodatabase
Right-click on the Workspace and pick New Unless a server is running ArcSDE, you ll only get thechance to create a Personal Geodatabase .
To connect to anexisting SDEdatabase, useDatabase
Connections .
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Building the GeodatabaseYou set constraints
by creating AttributeDomains at theGeodatabase levelin its Properties .
These can beranges or codedvalues (categories)data must fall in.
These are thenapplied to specificFeature classes.
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Attribute DomainsMaximum and Minimum range, or build codes forcategories with associated text descriptions.
A Default Value for new Features.
Split policy: if a Feature is split, how should the Attributedata be handled in each new Feature?
Each gets the default, duplicates the original, or is theoriginal value split on the basis of the divided length/area.
Merge policy: if two Features joined, how should the Attribute data be kept?
Feature gets the sum of the original, the default, or alength/area weighted average.
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Feature Dataset
Right-click
Geodatabase > New > Feature Dataset .
A collection ofFeatures that share aSpatial Reference,i.e. area andcoordinate system.Set this with the Edit button.
Give the Dataset a max/min area
and Select a Projection System.
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Feature ClassesRight-click Feature Dataset > New > Feature Class
Choose a name and set the field.
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Feature Classes: Constraints Add new Field.For each pick an
Alias (alternativename - can includespaces), a DefaultValue, and an
Attribute Domain ifyou want constraint.Field Propertieschange when youclick on a Field
Name.
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Summary
Geodatabases are a new, highly controlleddata storage technique.When you build one, you can set AttributeDomains which are constraints that can beapplied to Features.You build a Feature Dataset for a particulararea / spatial reference.
You design Feature Classes e.g. Roads andset their constraints.
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Activity 3 Build a personalgeodatabase
Using the instructions given athttp://www.geog.leeds.ac.uk/courses/postgrad/geog5040/lecture3/Pract3_08/index.html , start to
build a geodatabase.Refer also, to the next 10 slides for furtherinformation.
k l d d
http://www.geog.leeds.ac.uk/courses/postgrad/geog5040/lecture3/Pract3_08/2.htmlhttp://www.geog.leeds.ac.uk/courses/postgrad/geog5040/lecture3/Pract3_08/2.htmlhttp://www.geog.leeds.ac.uk/courses/postgrad/geog5040/lecture3/Pract3_08/2.htmlhttp://www.geog.leeds.ac.uk/courses/postgrad/geog5040/lecture3/Pract3_08/2.html -
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Week 3: Spatial data In, out andshake it all about!
Spatial d ata -in,out and shake
it all about!
What ArcGISapplications do Ineed to use?
How do I
change/edit datawithin ArcGIS?How do I exportmy data?
How do I build aGeodatabase?
How do I get datain?
ArcCatalog, ArcMap, ArcToolbox
Digitising,importing,
joining attributedata, geocoding
The editortoolbar, editingtables
Variousformats
accessed fromcontext menu
Practical exercisebuilding a geodatabase
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Practical
Build further the personal geodatabasestarted in the lectureUsing ArcMap and the Editor Toolbar,create data in your geodatabaseWe will revisit this geodatabase in Week 5and explore network analysis
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Practical and Assignment
This practical will give you experience in:Building geodatabasesUsing the Editor Toolbar to add new data andmanipulate data
Assignment (in brief see VLE for full details)Build the geodatabase and add some features to it.
Create some metadata for your Sewer FeatureDatasetSend me your geodatabase for assessment.
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Next week
TablesQueryingDisplaying dataPresenting data