arabic lessons

ArabicArabic

م� �س� م�ا �س� ا A A nounnoun (or a (or a substantivesubstantive) (Arabic: ) (Arabic:

م� �س� م�ا �س� a name") is a name or an a name") is a name or an “ =“ = اattribute of a attribute of a personperson (Muhammad / (Muhammad / Ahmad), Ahmad), placeplace (Makkah), (Makkah), thingthing (House), or (House), or qualityquality (Honour). (Honour).

Hazaa - Hazaa - هذا

A type of preposition, means - A type of preposition, means - ThisThis

This = used for masculine This = used for masculine هذاهذاThis = used for feminine This = used for feminine هذههذهThese = used for both These = used for both هؤالءهؤالء

Dual Dual

These two = used for These two = used for masculine masculine ه-ذ+ان�ه-ذ+ان�

These two = used for These two = used for feminine feminine ان�+ +ان�ه+ات ه+ات

Hazaa - Hazaa - هذا بيتبيت . use a Masculine Word e.g. use a Masculine Word e.g هذاهذا امرأةامرأة . . use a Feminine Word e.guse a Feminine Word e.g هذههذه use any use any pluralplural Word Word هؤالءهؤالء

Why is Why is امرأةامرأة feminine? Answer: It has a feminine? Answer: It has a ةة at at the end. So every word with the end. So every word with ةة at the end is at the end is a feminine word!a feminine word!

Maa -Maa - � م+ا The word The word maamaa � �م+ا can mean can mean several several م+ا

things in Arabic.:things in Arabic.: It can be an It can be an interrogative pronoun

meaning "what?" meaning "what?" It can be a It can be a relative pronoun meaning meaning

"what..." "what..." It can be a It can be a negative word meaning meaning

"not." "not."

Maa -Maa - � م+اIn conclusion:In conclusion:

�+م �ا ا has many meanings depending has many meanings depending on where it comes in a sentence on where it comes in a sentence and in what context.and in what context.

In our example it is: In our example it is: What is…What is…

Hamza Istafihaam - أ can come before a noun or verb can come before a noun or verb أأ

(preposition)(preposition)

If before a noun it would mean: If before a noun it would mean: is is this…this………? Or ……? Or is this ais this a….? ….?

Or if before a verb then: Or if before a verb then: did…did…..?..?

M-an -M-an - منمن and and وو

’in Arabic means in Arabic means ‘‘who’who منمن

’in Arabic means ‘and’in Arabic means ‘and وو

Lesson 2 - Lesson 2 - ذلكذلك

means means ‘That’ ‘That’ when indicating when indicating ذلكذلكtowards masculine objectstowards masculine objects

So So ذلكذلك � ا �م+ م+ا would mean would mean ‘what is that?’‘what is that?’

Lesson 2 - Lesson 2 - ذلكذلك

So So هذاهذا means: Thismeans: This

And And ذلكذلك means: Thatmeans: That

ExamplesExamples

Lesson 3 - SentencesLesson 3 - Sentences We are now joining We are now joining 2 words 2 words together together

to create a simple sentence to create a simple sentence

This sentence will be called: Jumlah This sentence will be called: Jumlah Ismiyah (A noun sentence)Ismiyah (A noun sentence)

It is called Ismiyah (noun) because It is called Ismiyah (noun) because the first word in these sentences the first word in these sentences begin with a nounbegin with a noun

Lesson 3 - SentencesLesson 3 - Sentences

So if the sentence begins with a verb, So if the sentence begins with a verb, it would be called: Jumlah Fa’liyah (A it would be called: Jumlah Fa’liyah (A verb Sentence)verb Sentence)

Conclusion: Conclusion: There can only ever be There can only ever be 2 types of sentances: Ismiyah and 2 types of sentances: Ismiyah and Fa’liyah! (Noun or verb Sentence)Fa’liyah! (Noun or verb Sentence)

An Example – Jumlah IsmiyahAn Example – Jumlah Ismiyah

مفتوح مفتوح الباب . The door is open.The door is open الباب

Lets break this down. Lets break this down.

First word: First word: البابالباب (The Door)(The Door) Notice Notice at the start? This is the definite at the start? This is the definite الالArticle. Article. الال = = TheThe DoorDoor

1st word, Door is a noun = Ism. So this sentence is: Jumlah Ismiyah

Doesn’t matter what second word is. Noun / verb. Still a Jumlah Ismiyah.

An ExampleAn Example


Second Word: Second Word: مفتوحمفتوح (Open) (Open) Notice there is Notice there is no no الال at the startat the start? So ? So we can use A definite Subject (The we can use A definite Subject (The Door) and a non-definite predicate Door) and a non-definite predicate (open) together!(open) together!



Finally all Nouns (ism) end in Finally all Nouns (ism) end in 2 pesh 2 pesh (Dhammah), also known as (Dhammah), also known as TanweenTanween. . When there is a When there is a الال at the beginning at the beginning of a word, then the tanween will no of a word, then the tanween will no longer be there and a single harkaat longer be there and a single harkaat would replace it: would replace it: One peshOne pesh


طال6ب4 ج8ل8 (The man) is a الر;(student)

This is the 2nd word (last word) in the

sentence. It is called 8ب?ر خ?

This is the 1st word in the sentence. It is

called: Mubtada ت?د?أBب م8


ر6يBب4 ق? د8 ج6 Bم?سBل? (The Masjid) is ا(close)

This is the 2nd word in the sentence. It is

called 8ب?ر خ?



ب?ر8 always comes last. It is the last word خ?in the sentence. News comes last.

Lesson 3 - ContinuedLesson 3 - Continued

SummarySummary

Every letter ends in Tanween: Every letter ends in Tanween: 2 Pesh2 Pesh

If If الال is before the word: Tanween is before the word: Tanween goesgoes and one harkat comes on e.g. and one harkat comes on e.g. 1 1 PeshPesh

Lesson 4Lesson 4In today’s lesson we will see for the In today’s lesson we will see for the first time first time what changes the Harakaat what changes the Harakaat of the last letter in a word!of the last letter in a word!

New Huroof today:New Huroof today:

فيفي InIn

علىعلى OnOn

هوهو HeHe

هيهي SheShe

أينأين WhereWhere

Continued…Continued…These Huroof These Huroof changechange the word after it:the word after it:

فيفي InIn

علىعلى OnOn

There Huroof There Huroof do not change do not change the word the word after it:after it:

هوهو HeHe

هيهي SheShe


Continued…Continued…Put’s a Put’s a Majroor state Majroor state (one/two Zer) on (one/two Zer) on the last letter of next word:the last letter of next word:

فيفي InIn

علىعلى OnOn

Doesn’t affect anything:Doesn’t affect anything:

هوهو HeHe

هيهي SheShe


An exampleAn exampleالمسجد المسجد في في

المكتب المكتب على على

أحمد أحمد هو هو

عائشة عائشة هي هي

أينأين محمدمحمد

In the Masjid

On the Table

He is Ahmad

She is Aisha

Where is Muhammad

An example An example المسجد المسجد في في

المكتب المكتب على على

أحمد أحمد هو هو

عائشة عائشة هي هي

أينأين محمدمحمد

Why has this got one Why has this got one kasra? And not two?kasra? And not two?

Why has this got two Why has this got two dhammah? And not one?dhammah? And not one?

Why has this got one Why has this got one dhammah? And not two?dhammah? And not two?

Lesson 4 – continuedLesson 4 – continuedالمسجد في المسجد هو في هو

مجرورمجرور

مرفوعمرفوع

الباب الباب مفتوحمفتوح

Genitive caseGenitive case

Nominative caseNominative case

Lesson 4 – Key FactsLesson 4 – Key Facts

In this lesson we learnt the use of In this lesson we learnt the use of prepositions prepositions

Some change the ending of a word (last Some change the ending of a word (last harakaat, also known as harakaat, also known as I’raabI’raab e.g. Zabr, Zer, e.g. Zabr, Zer, Pesh) and some do not change anythingPesh) and some do not change anything

The ones that change the I’raab are:The ones that change the I’raab are:

فيفي Zer Zer I’raabI’raab

علىعلى Zer I’raabZer I’raab

A word in its ‘normal’ state A word in its ‘normal’ state (nominative case) i.e. Normal ending (nominative case) i.e. Normal ending with a Pesh or 2 Pesh, is called with a Pesh or 2 Pesh, is called مرفوعمرفوع

A word preceded by a A word preceded by a prepositionpreposition is is said to be in a genitive case i.e. Not a said to be in a genitive case i.e. Not a normal ending, but ending with a normal ending, but ending with a Zer. This state is called Zer. This state is called مجرورمجرور


المسجد في المسجد هو في هو

مجرمجر ورور






المسجد في المسجد هو في هو







becausebecause

becausebecause

Conclusion:Conclusion:

A word with no preposition and/or A word with no preposition and/or ends in one pesh or two pesh is called:ends in one pesh or two pesh is called: مرفوعمرفوع

A word with a preposition before it A word with a preposition before it and/or ends in one Zer or two Zer is and/or ends in one Zer or two Zer is called: called: مجرورمجرور



We also learnt some new pronouns:We also learnt some new pronouns:

1.1. Me Me (Same for both masculine and feminine)(Same for both masculine and feminine)

2.2. You You (one male)(one male)

3.3. FromFrom

4.4. ToTo

VerbsVerbsLast lesson we were introduced to out first Last lesson we were introduced to out first Verbs (doing word).Verbs (doing word).

1.1.Kha-ra-ja – He ExitedKha-ra-ja – He Exited

2.2.Zha-ha-ba – He WentZha-ha-ba – He Went

Notice:Notice: ‘He’? This particular verb can ‘He’? This particular verb can onlyonly be be used for a used for a singlesingle person who is person who is malemale and and not not presentpresent


So the verb Kha-ra-ja would So the verb Kha-ra-ja would grammaticallygrammatically be described as: be described as:

Single – Male – Not presentSingle – Male – Not present

In Arabic this would be termed as In Arabic this would be termed as follows:follows:

Waahid – Muzakar – GhaaibWaahid – Muzakar – Ghaaib

(learn these 3 terms by heart please)(learn these 3 terms by heart please)


Lesson 5Lesson 5

Possession Possession

““Muhammad’s Book”Muhammad’s Book”

1.1.The book belongs to Muhammad.The book belongs to Muhammad.

2.2.So first let’s write the Arabic for each So first let’s write the Arabic for each wordword

Lesson 5Lesson 5


Muhammad’s Book or Book Muhammad’s Book or Book ofof Muhammad Muhammad

Lesson 5Lesson 5


Muhammad’s Book = +Muhammad’s Book = +

Lesson 5Lesson 5


Muhammad’s Book Muhammad’s Book

What can you see different in this?What can you see different in this?

Notice the I’raab? Notice the I’raab? One pesh + Two Zer?One pesh + Two Zer?

Lesson 5Lesson 5



Lets break this down:Lets break this down:

Firstly what state is Kitaab in?Firstly what state is Kitaab in?

What state is Muhammad in?What state is Muhammad in?

Lesson 5Lesson 5



1.1.Why does Kitaab have only one pesh? There Why does Kitaab have only one pesh? There is no Alif Laam….?is no Alif Laam….?

2.2.Why does Muhammad have a Two Zer? Why does Muhammad have a Two Zer? There is no PrepositionThere is no Preposition



Lesson 5Lesson 5



This is because of a Grammar Law in Arabic, This is because of a Grammar Law in Arabic, which is:which is:

““The Possessed object can The Possessed object can notnot take a take a Tanween and also cant take a Tanween and also cant take a الال . It is definite . It is definite by position. Does not need definite article.” by position. Does not need definite article.”



Lesson 5Lesson 5



This is because of a Grammar Law in Arabic, This is because of a Grammar Law in Arabic, which is:which is:

““The possessor is always Majroor by default. The possessor is always Majroor by default. This indicates it is possessed.”This indicates it is possessed.”



Lesson 5Lesson 5





Mudhaf Mudhaf IlaihiIlaihi MudhaafMudhaaf

Lesson 5Lesson 5

اف?ة ةاإل6ض? اف? اإل6ض? (al-idhaafah) is a relationship (al-idhaafah) is a relationship between two nouns with a hidden particle between two nouns with a hidden particle of Jarr (like fee, min, alaa or ilaa)of Jarr (like fee, min, alaa or ilaa)

The first noun is called The first noun is called 4اف اف4م8ض? (Mudhaaf) (Mudhaaf) م8ض?and the second noun is called and the second noun is called ه� مم� +ي �ل إ �ه� ض+اف� +ي �ل إ ض+اف� (Mudhaaf ilaih).(Mudhaaf ilaih).

Lesson 5Lesson 5

Important facts about al-Idaafah:Important facts about al-Idaafah:

1.1.The mudaaf cannot take alif-laamThe mudaaf cannot take alif-laam

2.2.The mudaaf cannot take tanween (whereas the The mudaaf cannot take tanween (whereas the mudaaf ilayhi can)mudaaf ilayhi can)

3.3.The default state for the mudaaf is that it takes a The default state for the mudaaf is that it takes a (single) dhammah(single) dhammah

4.4.The mudaaf ilayhi will [99% of the time] always The mudaaf ilayhi will [99% of the time] always take a kasrahtake a kasrah

5.5.A preposition has been omitted - HiddenA preposition has been omitted - Hidden

Lesson 5Lesson 5

New Words:New Words:

’… Vocative particle ‘O…’Vocative particle ‘O يايا

A noun following A noun following يايا has only one Dhammah.has only one Dhammah.

. Under. Under تحتتحت

A noun following A noun following تحتتحت is is مجرورمجرور because it is Mudhaaf because it is Mudhaaf Ilaihi.Ilaihi.

Lesson 5Lesson 5

New Word: ‘there’

Lesson 5Lesson 5

New Word: ‘Under’


الBب8يوت6 في (We) are (in the ن?حBن8houses)

This is the 2nd word and 3rd word in the

sentence. Together they make up the 8ب?ر خ?



This is because it is preposition (Huroof Jar) and a following noun (which is Majroor).

And a Harf will always join its following noun to be a single part of a sentence.


محمد الرجل (Name of The Man) is اسم(Muhammad)

This is the 2nd word. Is it 8ب?ر But last word ? خ?is 8ب?ر بBت?د?أ so what is it? Answer: part of خ? م8



This is because it is Mudaaf and Mudaaf Ilai! And Mudaaf + Mudaaf Ilai will always be a single part of a sentence!

3rd word in the

sentence. 8ب?ر خ?


Lets go back to our last example:

الBب8يوت6 في (We) are (in) (the ن?حBن8houses)


Very Important Rule:Very Important Rule:

The The 1. (Mudaaf + Mudaaf Ilai) and the 1. (Mudaaf + Mudaaf Ilai) and the

2. (Harf Jar + noun) 2. (Harf Jar + noun)

will will alwaysalways join together to become either a join together to become either a Mubtada or a Khabr.Mubtada or a Khabr.

This means, that although they are 2 words, we This means, that although they are 2 words, we treat them as treat them as one section one section of a sentence! of a sentence!

SummarySummary

How do you whether a word is a How do you whether a word is a MubtadaMubtada and and notnot a a MudaafMudaaf??

Answer: If the 1Answer: If the 1stst word has word has الال before before it, it can it, it can nevernever be Mudaaf! be Mudaaf!

So it will be a MubtadaaSo it will be a Mubtadaa

SummarySummary

Example:Example:

In this sentence, what harakaat is on In this sentence, what harakaat is on each word?each word?

SummarySummary

1.1.Hazaa: Hazaa: Doesn’t do anythingDoesn’t do anything

2.2.Al-walad: Al-walad: it has it has الال so it cant be Mudaaf! So so it cant be Mudaaf! So it will have it will have one peshone pesh

3.3.Khaalid: Khaalid: Well if the word before is not a Well if the word before is not a Mudaaf, then this will be a normal word and Mudaaf, then this will be a normal word and have have 2 pesh2 pesh

SummarySummary

TranslationTranslationHaza: ThisHaza: This

Al-Walad: The BoyAl-Walad: The Boy

Khalid: Is KhalidKhalid: Is Khalid

Wa: andWa: and

Dhaalika: ThatDhaalika: That

Al-Walad: The boyAl-Walad: The boy

Muhammad: Is MuhammadMuhammad: Is Muhammad

This boy is Khalid and that boy is Muhammad This boy is Khalid and that boy is Muhammad

Lesson 6Lesson 6

Body Parts: Body Parts: All body parts that we All body parts that we have two of are all feminine e.g. have two of are all feminine e.g. Feet, Hands etcFeet, Hands etc

Lesson 7Lesson 7

To form a To form a femininefeminine word from the word from the masculine in Arabic, you simply add masculine in Arabic, you simply add “taa’ marbuta” which looks like: “taa’ marbuta” which looks like: ةة or or ةةــ depending on the word it’s depending on the word it’s

connected to. connected to.

Usually for animals, humans and Usually for animals, humans and professions. professions.

Lesson 7Lesson 7

ةةكلبكلب كلبكلب (dog feminine)(dog feminine)

ةةطفلطفل طفلطفل (child feminine)(child feminine)

ةةمهندسمهندس مهندسمهندس (engineer feminine)(engineer feminine)

It’s possible also for most adjectives & some other It’s possible also for most adjectives & some other nouns:nouns:

ةةصديقصديق صديقصديق (friend feminine)(friend feminine)

ةةحزينحزين حزينحزين (sad feminine)(sad feminine)

ةةكبيركبير كبيركبير (big feminine)(big feminine)

Lesson 7Lesson 7

However not all animals or humans However not all animals or humans masculines can take a “taa’ masculines can take a “taa’ marbuta” (marbuta” ((( ــة, ــة, ة in their feminine in their feminine ةform, for example:form, for example:

(Lioness)(Lioness) لبؤةلبؤة أسدأسد (girl)(girl) بنتبنت ولدولد

Lesson 7Lesson 7

SummarySummaryIn Arabic, words are either masculine or feminine, In Arabic, words are either masculine or feminine, so anything you may think of should take either so anything you may think of should take either feminine or masculine form. Now you can recognize feminine or masculine form. Now you can recognize if a word is feminine or masculine by its ending. if a word is feminine or masculine by its ending.

However, some words are only feminine, for However, some words are only feminine, for example:example:

كرةكرة (newspaper) (newspaper) صحيفةصحيفة (tree) (tree) شجرةشجرة (story) (story) قصةقصة(ball) (ball) بحيرةبحيرة (lake)(lake)

Lesson 7Lesson 7

Of course there are exceptions, which Of course there are exceptions, which we will learn as our vocabulary we will learn as our vocabulary improves:improves:

(wind) ريح (sky) سماء

Lesson 8Lesson 8

means ‘for…’ (harf Jar)means ‘for…’ (harf Jar) لل

means ‘behind…’ (Mudaaf)means ‘behind…’ (Mudaaf) خلفخلف

means ‘infront…’ (Mudaaf)means ‘infront…’ (Mudaaf) أمامأمام

Lesson 8Lesson 8

When the Al-Musharu Ilaihi has an When the Al-Musharu Ilaihi has an before it then the translation before it then the translation الالchanges!changes!

مسجد مسجد هذا This This is a is a MasjidMasjid هذا

مسجدمسجدالالهذا هذا This MasjidThis Masjid

Lesson 9Lesson 9

We learnt that when the Al-Musharu We learnt that when the Al-Musharu Ilaihi has an Ilaihi has an الال before it then the before it then the translation changes!translation changes!

مسجد مسجد هذا This This is a is a MasjidMasjid هذا

مسجدمسجدالالهذا هذا This MasjidThis Masjid

Lesson 9Lesson 9

This also applies to Na’t and Manoo’t. This also applies to Na’t and Manoo’t.

Na’t = Adjective (describing word)Na’t = Adjective (describing word)

Manoo’t = Noun (a person, place, Manoo’t = Noun (a person, place, thing, idea etc)thing, idea etc)

Lesson 9Lesson 9

As a General Rule:As a General Rule:

If there is If there is NONO الال on the adjective on the adjective (describing word), the translation (describing word), the translation would include the word ‘is’would include the word ‘is’

If there If there isis an an الال present, then there is present, then there is no ‘is’no ‘is’


The rule of Na’t (describing word) The rule of Na’t (describing word) and Man’oot (noun) does not apply to and Man’oot (noun) does not apply to proper nouns e.g. Namesproper nouns e.g. Names

تاجر تاجر عباس Abaas = Abaas is a is a Merchant Merchant = عباس


An Example: An Example:

What does this translate to?What does this translate to?


An Example: An Example:

Abbas is a Rich Merchant

Na’t & Man’oot


Adjectives ending in alif and noon Adjectives ending in alif and noon have no tanween e.g.have no tanween e.g.


Means ‘Who’ when applied to Means ‘Who’ when applied to الذيالذيhumans and ‘Which’ when referred to humans and ‘Which’ when referred to an animal or thing.an animal or thing.


has a feminine / Dual / Plural has a feminine / Dual / Plural الذيالذيversion - Like version - Like هذاهذا..

This particular version is for: This particular version is for: Single Single MasculineMasculine

Lesson 10Lesson 10English

Arabic

Singular

I (ana)أنا you (masc.) ( anta)انت+you (fem.) (anti)انت�he (huwwa)هو she (heyya)هي

Dual

we ( naHnu)نحن You two ( antuma)أنتما Them two ( humaa)هما

Plural

We (naHnu)نحن you (masc.) (antum)أنتم you (fem.) (antunna)أنتن They / them (masc.) (huma)هم they / them (fem.) (hunna)هن

Lesson 10Lesson 10

Sub Lesson 9Sub Lesson 9

The words The words أبأب "father" and "father" and أخأخ "brother" "brother" take the form take the form أبوأبو and and أخوأخو when it is when it is MudaafMudaaf

Lesson 10Lesson 10


The pronoun The pronoun لل when it proceeds a when it proceeds a pronoun it will have a fatha on itpronoun it will have a fatha on it

Lesson 10Lesson 10


The Male proper nouns with a The Male proper nouns with a ةة will not will not have a tanween. have a tanween.

Lesson 10Lesson 10


The word The word معمع means – ‘With’ and means – ‘With’ and generally has a Fathah on the last generally has a Fathah on the last letter letter عع. .

It is always Mudaaf, therefore the It is always Mudaaf, therefore the following word will be Mudaaf Ilaihi. following word will be Mudaaf Ilaihi.

Lesson 10Lesson 10


The preposition The preposition بب can mean – With, in, can mean – With, in, and atand at

Lesson 10Lesson 10

Sub Lesson 9

اا+م means ‘what’ as stated in lesson 1. means ‘what’ as stated in lesson 1.

But it can also have a negative But it can also have a negative meaning i.e. There is meaning i.e. There is nono car with me car with me

Lesson 11Lesson 11

In him (masculine object: In it)In him (masculine object: In it) فيهفيه

In her (feminine object: In it)In her (feminine object: In it) فيهافيها

Lesson 12Lesson 12

You (feminine)You (feminine) أنتأنت

Possessive nouns:Possessive nouns:

Lesson 12 Lesson 12 – – Possessive pronounsPossessive pronouns

EnglishEnglish ArabicArabic

SingularSingular

mymy ـيـي

your (masc.)your (masc.) ـك?ـك?

your (fem.)your (fem.) ـك6ـك6

hishis ـهـه

herher ـهاـها

DualDual

ourour ـناـنا

youryour ـكماـكما

theirtheir ـهماـهما

PluralPlural

ourour ـناـنا

your (masc.)your (masc.) ـكمـكم

your (fem.)your (fem.) ـكنـكن

their (masc.)their (masc.) ـهمـهم

Lesson 12 Lesson 12 - - PronounsPronouns

EnglishArabic

Singular

I (ana)أنا you (masc.) ( anta)انت+you (fem.) (anti)انت�he (huwwa)هو she (heyya)هي

Dual

we ( naHnu)نحن You two ( antuma)أنتما Them two ( humaa)هما

Plural

We (naHnu)نحن you (masc.) (antum)أنتم you (fem.) (antunna)أنتن They / them (masc.) (huma)هم they / them (fem.) (hunna)هن

Lesson 12 Lesson 12 – verbs– verbs

EnglishEnglish ArabicArabic

SingularSingular

I wroteI wrote katabtukatabtu)) ) )كتبتكتبت

you (masc.) wroteyou (masc.) wrote ((katabtakatabta)) كتبت+كتبت+

you (fem.) wroteyou (fem.) wrote ((katabtikatabti)) كتبت�كتبت�

he wrotehe wrote katabakataba)) ) )كتب+كتب+

she wroteshe wrote ((katabatkatabat)) كتبتكتبت

Lesson 13Lesson 13

In English adjectives have no plural In English adjectives have no plural form e.g. Good Man / Good Menform e.g. Good Man / Good Men

But in Arabic even adjectives have But in Arabic even adjectives have plural forms!plural forms!

Lesson 13Lesson 13

In English we have two kinds of plural In English we have two kinds of plural form:form:

1.1.Sound: Book Sound: Book Books Books

2.2.Broken: Man Broken: Man Men Men

Lesson 13Lesson 13

In Arabic we also have sound and In Arabic we also have sound and broken forms. broken forms.

However, the sound plural is either However, the sound plural is either masculine or feminine. masculine or feminine. (Just like the (Just like the singular).singular).

Lesson 13Lesson 13

Masculine example: Masculine example: مسلممسلم مسلمونمسلمون

Feminine Example: Feminine Example: مسلمةمسلمة مسلماتمسلمات

So to make a sound plural:nMasculine: add a ون nFeminine: take away the ة and add ات

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The broken plural has many forms. The broken plural has many forms.

There are more than 20 patterns for There are more than 20 patterns for the broken plurals!the broken plurals!

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ف8عول4ع8ل4 ف8ف6عال4ع�ال4 ف8عال4 Bأ?ف

ع?الء8 ف8

ع6الء8 Bأ?ف

عBل?ة4 ف6

RevisionRevision

Harf Jar Harf Jar Following word Following word Mudaaf + Mudaaf Ilahi Mudaaf + Mudaaf Ilahi (translation ‘of’)(translation ‘of’)

Na’t + Man’oot Na’t + Man’oot (no translation of ‘is’)(no translation of ‘is’)

Plurals Plurals Sound or Broken Sound or Broken

Lesson 14Lesson 14

In this lesson we continue from the last In this lesson we continue from the last lesson in showing the plural of certain lesson in showing the plural of certain nouns and verbsnouns and verbs

Lesson 14Lesson 14


We have so far learnt that some nouns We have so far learnt that some nouns cant take tanween e.g.Namescant take tanween e.g.Names

1.1.Feminine proper nounsFeminine proper nouns

2.2.Masculine proper nouns ending in Masculine proper nouns ending in ةة

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Now we learn that Now we learn that non-Arabic nouns non-Arabic nouns which are more than 3 letters which are more than 3 letters also also cannot take tanween e.g.cannot take tanween e.g.

يعقوبيعقوب

NotNot لوطلوط

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’ means ‘which’means ‘which اي�اي�

It is mudaafIt is mudaaf

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’ means ‘some’means ‘some بعض8بعض8

It is also mudaafIt is also mudaaf

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’ means ‘some’means ‘some بعض8بعض8

بBل8 بBل8ق? ’ means ‘Before’means ‘Before ق?

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بBل8 + + بعض8بعض8 بBل8ق? ق? both have a Fathah upno both have a Fathah upno them except:them except:

When they are preceded by When they are preceded by م�ن�م�ن� in this case in this case they will have a Kasrahthey will have a Kasrah

When the Mudaaf ilahi is When the Mudaaf ilahi is hidden in wordshidden in words

Lesson 16Lesson 16

In Arabic, nouns are classified as Rational In Arabic, nouns are classified as Rational and irrational (intelligent, non-intelligent).and irrational (intelligent, non-intelligent).

Rational nouns are those that refer to Rational nouns are those that refer to Human beings. Angels and devils are also Human beings. Angels and devils are also included this category. included this category.

Irrational nouns refer to animals and Irrational nouns refer to animals and concepts/objects. concepts/objects.

Lesson 16 / 17Lesson 16 / 17

Plural of irrational nouns are treated as Plural of irrational nouns are treated as feminine singularfeminine singular

e.g.e.g.

RationalRational

. صغير هو جديد طالب . هذا صغير هو جديد طالب هذا

. صغار هم جدد طالب . هؤالء صغار هم جدد طالب هؤالء

IrrationalIrrational

. صغير هو جديد كتاب . هذا صغير هو جديد كتاب هذا

. صغيرة هي جديدة كتب . هذه صغيرة هي جديدة كتب هذه

Lesson 18Lesson 18

Dual FormDual Form

As previously stated, in Arabic we have a As previously stated, in Arabic we have a dual form of everything along with the dual form of everything along with the singular and plural. singular and plural.

The dual form (as we know) is achieved by The dual form (as we know) is achieved by adding a adding a انان at the end of the word. at the end of the word.

Lesson 18Lesson 18

Sub lesson 1 Dual FormSub lesson 1 Dual Form

is added when the singular form is is added when the singular form is ان6ان6مرفوعمرفوع

However, when singular form is in a However, when singular form is in a state of state of مجرورمجرور or or منصوبمنصوب then a then a 6ين6ين is is addedadded

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Dual FormDual Form

بيتان6بيتان 6 بيت4بيت4بيت?ين6بيت?ين6

مجرورمجرور مرفوعمرفوع or or منصوبمنصوب

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The dual for The dual for هذاهذا would be would be هذانهذان and and هذينهذين when when مجرورمجرور e.g.e.g.

كبيران كتابان كبيران هذان كتابان هذان

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The dual for The dual for هذههذه would be would be هاتانهاتان and and مجرورمجرور when when هاتينهاتينe.g.e.g.

صغيرتان سي�ارتان صغيرتان هاتان سي�ارتان هاتان

Lesson 18Lesson 18

Sub lesson 2Sub lesson 2

The dual form of The dual form of هوهو and and هيهي is is هماهما

Lesson 18Lesson 18


BكمBكم ‘ ‘How many?’How many?’

has many meanings. Here it is has many meanings. Here it is كم�كم�interrogative. interrogative.

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The noun following The noun following BكمBكم is singular and is singular and in in منصوبمنصوب case. This means it will have case. This means it will have a Zabr / 2 Zabr on it. a Zabr / 2 Zabr on it.

This is our first example of nouns This is our first example of nouns ending in Zabr(s). ending in Zabr(s).

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A noun with a tanween which is in A noun with a tanween which is in case will have a case will have a AlifAlif added to added to منصوبمنصوبthe last which is NOT pronounced. the last which is NOT pronounced.

Note:Note: There will be no alif added if it There will be no alif added if it ends in ends in ةة

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e.g.e.g.

عجلة�عجلة� عيد�اعيد�ا عيد�عيد� عيد4عيد4

arabic lessons

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grammar law

body parts

jumlah ismiyah

musharu ilaihi

definite article

lets break

dual form

plural form