ARABIC 241ARABIC 241

ISLAMIC LAWISLAMIC LAW

Shari’aShari’a

Qur’anQur’an Sunnah (sayings and actions of the Sunnah (sayings and actions of the

Prophet)Prophet) Ijma (consensus among Muslim scholars Ijma (consensus among Muslim scholars

and jurists)and jurists) Qiyas (making deductions by analogy or Qiyas (making deductions by analogy or

precedent)precedent)

How was Shari’a developed? How was Shari’a developed?

The process of collecting, verifying, and codifying The process of collecting, verifying, and codifying the the hadith hadith (sayings) of the Prophet developed into (sayings) of the Prophet developed into a science of its own. Teachers and students of the a science of its own. Teachers and students of the Qur’an began writing Qur’an began writing tafsirstafsirs, or commentaries in , or commentaries in order to explain the meaning of its verses.order to explain the meaning of its verses.

Schools of Thought were formed in different Schools of Thought were formed in different regions and came up with different interpretations regions and came up with different interpretations and judgments on certain issues. Due to varying and judgments on certain issues. Due to varying social structures, cultures, and lifestyles among social structures, cultures, and lifestyles among Muslims, five schools gained popularity in different Muslims, five schools gained popularity in different parts of the world.parts of the world.

Schools of Thought in IslamSchools of Thought in Islam

NameName FounderFounder Commonly followed inCommonly followed in……HanafiHanafi Abu Hanifa (d.767)Abu Hanifa (d.767) Turkey, Egypt, Pakistan, India, Syria, Turkey, Egypt, Pakistan, India, Syria,

JordanJordan

HanbaliHanbali Ibn Hanbal (d. 855)Ibn Hanbal (d. 855) Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Gulf countries Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Gulf countries

JafariJafari Jafar Sadiq (d. 765) Jafar Sadiq (d. 765) Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Lebanon, Gulf Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Lebanon, Gulf

MallkiMallki M. Ibn Anas (d. 795)M. Ibn Anas (d. 795) N. African countries, BahrainN. African countries, Bahrain

Shafi’iShafi’i M. Ash-shfi (d. 820) M. Ash-shfi (d. 820) E. Africa, Yemen, C. Asia, S.E Asia, E. Africa, Yemen, C. Asia, S.E Asia, Jordan, Jordan, Syria, Iraq Syria, Iraq