arab-israeli conflict
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Arab-Israeli Conflict. The Middle East in 1914. The League of Nations Mandates. Treaty of Lausanne, 1923. Modern Turkey Is Born. “New” Countries & Ruling Families Emerge!. Prince Faisal “ruler” of Trans-Jordan. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Arab-Israeli Conflict
The Middle East in 1914
The League of Nations Mandates
Treaty of Lausanne, 1923
Modern Turkey Is Born.
“New” Countries & Ruling Families Emerge!
Prince Faisal “ruler” of Trans-Jordan.
Prince Abdullah “ruler” of a newly-created Iraq [pasted together from three distinctgeographic regions].
The House of Saud put on the throne of thenewly-created Saudi Arabia.
The Pahlavi Family put on the throne of a new Iran.
Mustafa Kemal leads a military/nationalistmovement in Turkey.
ZionismTheodor HerzlA movement devoted to the creation of a Jewish state in Palestine.
Zionism
Theodore Herzl1860-1904
GOALS:The spiritual andpolitical renewal ofthe Jewish peoplein its ancestralhomeland ofPalestine.
Freedom from Western anti-Semitism.
First Zionist Conference, 1897
Herzl writes Der Judenstaat, orThe Jewish State in 1896.
Met in Basel, Switzerland.
Creates the First Zionist Congress.
Becomes an international Jewishorganization.
“Next Year in Jerusalem!”
Jews & Arabs in Palestine, 1920 × In 1920, there
was 1 Jew toevery 10 Arabs inPalestine.
× By 1947, the ratio was 2 Arabs forevery Jew.
The Arabs felt that they were loosing control of their “country!”
British Promise to the Jews: Balfour Declaration, 1917
Sir Arthur James BalfourBr. Foreign Secretary
His Majesty’s Government views with favor the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people and will use their best endeavors to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine…
British Mandate in PalestineCreatedJuly, 1922
Palestine Population in 1946
Jewish Settlements: The Kibbutz System First one founded in 1908.
Communal living.
“Make the DesertBloom!”
Role of the United NationsIn 1947 the united Nations drew up a plan to divide Palestine into 2 statesArab StateJewish State
Migration to PalestineJewish migration to Palestine began in the 1800sMany Jewish survivors of the Holocaust began migrating to Palestine after WWII
U. N. Partition Plan of 1947
State of IsraelIn 1948 Jewish leaders in Palestine declared the birth of Israel.Israel was recognized by both the US and USSR.
Israel Becomes a Nation:May 14, 1948
David Ben-Gurion,1st Prime Minister
Chaim Weizmann,1st President
1948 Arab Invasion plans of Israel ( in red.)
From Lebanon and Syria
From Transjordan and Iraq
From Egypt
War Begins!: May 15, 1948
Arab Refugees, 1948
The Palestinian Diaspora begins!
Armistice Signed, 1949
Arab-Israeli WarsSoon after independence Arab states attacked Israel.Arabs vowed to restore Palestine as an Arab State.As a result of the wars Israel doubled in size.
Arab-Israeli Wars1948 and 1956 1967 - six day war1973 – Yom Kippur war
Arab PalestiniansIn 1948 700,000 Arabs became refugees.The Arab refugees experienced poverty and discrimination.Many dreamed of an Arab Palestinian state.
Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO)
Led by Yasir ArafatThe PLO used terrorism and fought a guerilla war against Israel home and abroad.
Camp David Accords1979
First peace agreement between an Arab nation and Israel.Anwar Sadat – EgyptMechan Begin – IsraelSadat was eventually assassinated by Muslim extremists in 1981.
The Intifada1987
Young Palestinians mounted the intifada or uprising.Teenagers defied Israeli soldiers with tactics such as throwing rocks an homemade bombs.
Middle East Peace PlanIn 1993 Yasir Arafat and Yitzhak Rabin signed a historic peace agreement.Palestinians in Gaza and Jericho were given limited self rule.
Oil Discovered in Mesopotamia! First discovered on Masjid-I Suleiman
in Persiain 1908.
Turkish-Petroleum Co. [TPC] founded in 1911 drill for oil in Mosul, Mesopotamia.
Britain signed a secret agreement with the sheikh of Kuwait who, while outwardly pledgingallegiance to the Ottoman Sultan in Istanbul,promised exclusive oil rights to the British.
Kuwait became a British protectorate in November, 1914.
In 1927, oil was struck in Kirkuk, Iraq, and the Iraq Petroleum Co. [IPC] was created.
Oil Becomes the New International“Coin of the Realm!”
American oil companies [Texaco & Chevron], gainoil concessions in Bahrainin 1929.
In 1933, American oil
companies win an oilconcession in Saudi Arabia.
ARAMCO [Arab-American Oil Co,] is created in 1939.