aqs & monitoring. in this section we will talk about monitoring & aqs 2 in the field before...
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AQS & Monitoring
In This Section We Will Talk About
Monitoring & AQS2
In the fieldBefore Monitoring
QAPP – quality assurance project planAnnual monitoring planSampling schedule
Coding the data stream for AQSRegulationsExceptional eventsData certification process
Monitoring & AQS
Monitoring & AQS3
Monitor the Air Handle
Data
Acquire Data
Report (Load) DataAnalyze
RegulateStore
AQS
Before Monitoring
Monitoring & AQS4
QAPP (Quality Assurance Project Plan) Ensures that the data collected meets the requirements
Annual monitoring plan due to EPA Regional offices by July 1st of each year
Sampling Schedule Daily, 3-day & 6-day Monitoring Schedule for PM-2.5 6-day Monitoring Schedule for TSP, Pb, PM-10, and VOC 12-day Monitoring Schedule for PM-2.5 Collocation Use the sampling schedule to ensure data completeness http://www.epa.gov/ttnamti1/calendar.html
Duration Continuous monitors for CO, SO2, NOx, Noy
Ozone data can be stored in any interval convenient to the S/L/T internal system; however hourly data (duration 1) is reported
Filter-based data is usually reported as 24-hour (duration 7) integrated samples
Additional info for Reporting Data to AQS
Monitoring & AQS5
Monitors and Monitoring Agency Data Management Systems operate and report on “Local Standard Time” year-round (i.e., do not adjust clocks for daylight savings time)
Daily Samplers typically operate from midnight to midnight for the day of interest
Data are always reported with the Start Hour, e.g., a CO monitor that is reporting data would use “00:00” for the hour from midnight to 1 a.m.
Data submittal requirements are described in CFR §58.16
Monitoring
Monitoring & AQS6
Meteorological parameters Wind speed Wind direction Barometric pressure temperature
Non-NAAQS pollutantsNAAQS pollutants
SO2 and relatedNO2 and relatedLeadPM10PM2.5COozone
§ 58.16 Data submittal and archivingrequirements.(a) The State, or where appropriate, local agency, shall report to the Administrator, via AQS all ambient air quality data and associated quality assurance data for SO2; CO; O3; NO2; NO; NOY; NOX; Pb–TSP mass concentration; Pb–PM10 mass concentration; PM10 mass concentration; PM2.5mass concentration; for filter-based PM2.5FRM/ FEM the field blank mass, sampler-generated average daily temperature, and sampler-generated average daily pressure; chemically speciated PM2.5 mass concentration data; PM10–2.5 mass concentration; chemically speciated PM10–2.5 mass concentration data; meteorological data from NCore and PAMS sites; average daily temperature and average daily pressure for Pb sites if not already reported from sampler generated records; and metadata records and information specified by the AQS Data Coding Manual (http://www.epa.gov/ttn/airs/airsaqs/manuals/manuals.htm). The State, or where appropriate, local agency, may report site specific meteorological measurements generated by onsite equipment (meteorological instruments, or sampler generated) or measurements from the nearest airport reporting ambient pressure and temperature. Such air quality data and information must be submitted directly to the AQS via electronic transmission on the specified quarterly schedule described in paragraph (b) of this section. (b) The specific quarterly reporting periods are January 1–March 31, April 1–June 30, July 1–September 30, and October 1–December 31. The data and information reported for each reporting period must contain all data and information gathered during the reporting period, and be received in the AQS within 90 days after the end of the quarterly reporting period. For example, the data for the reporting period January 1–March 31 are due on or before June 30 of that year.(c) Air quality data submitted for each reporting period must be edited, validated, and entered into the AQS (within the time limits specified in paragraph (b) of this section) pursuant to appropriate AQS procedures. The procedures for editing and validating data are described in the AQS Data Coding Manual and in each monitoring agency’s quality assurance project plan.(d) The State shall report VOC and if collected, carbonyl, NH3, and HNO3 data, from PAMS sites to AQS within 6 months following the end of each quarterly reporting period listed in paragraph (b) of this section.(e) The State shall also submit any portion or all of the SLAMS and SPM data to the appropriate Regional Administratorupon request.
Monitoring data for AQS - Site
Monitoring & AQS7
Monitoring instrumentation is at a particular location
Need to have a site established in AQS State code + county code + site ID Metadata – data describing the physical location
Site 11-222-3333
ACME ParticulateMeasuring Device
Monitoring data to AQS – What is required to set-up a Site?
Monitoring & AQS8
Unique Site IDMetadata needed:
Latitude and longitude (in decimal degrees) Horizontal datum (what datum was used for lat/lon?) Horizontal method (how was lat/lon measured?) Horizontal accuracy (accuracy of lat/lon, in meters) Vertical measure (elevation, in meters) Vertical accuracy (accuracy of elevation, in meters) Vertical method (how elevation measured?) Street address, land use type and location setting Agency Role (agency that is supporting this site) Primary Monitor Period (for lead, NO2, PM2.5)
Monitoring instrument(s) for different parameters/pollutants
In AQS, a “monitor”means the sampling for a single parameter at a Site… does not refer to the actual measuring device
Monitoring
Monitoring & AQS9
PM10 - TotalPM10 – LeadPM10 – MercuryPM10 - Nickel
4 AQS Monitors11-222-3333-81102-111-222-3333-85128-111-222-3333-85142-111-222-3333-85136-1
Site 11-222-3333
ACME ParticulateMeasuring Device
Monitoring data to AQS – What is required to set-up a Monitor?
Monitoring & AQS10
An established SiteParameter codePOC (parameter occurrence code) – a sequence
number when measuring multiple occurrences of the same pollutant
Metadata: Vertical probe height, etc is optional Sample period begin date Monitor type (SLAMS, Tribal Monitor. . ) Agency roles Monitoring objective Required collection frequency Collocation info
Sample measurements from the monitoring instrument
Reported to AQS as “Raw Data” – the sample measurements in some time increment (5-minute, hourly, daily) with units
Monitoring
Monitoring & AQS11
Monitor 11-222-3333-81102-1
ACME ParticulateMeasuring Device
4.5 mg/cm3
3.2 ppb 1.7 mmHg
2.4 ppm
Met Monitoring some commonly reported observations
Monitoring & AQS12
Wind speed Resultant or vector (61103 Wind Speed – Resultant) **
preferred Scalar (61101 Wind Speed - Scalar)
Wind direction Resultant or vector (61104 Wind Direction – Resultant) **
preferred Scalar (61102 Wind Direction – Scalar)
Temperature 62101 Outdoor Temperature 62104 Temperature 24-Hr Max
Barometer (64101 Barometric Pressure ) Others (Dew Point, Relative Humidity, etc)
Met and Non-NAAQS Monitoring
Monitoring & AQS13
SimplerNot as many regs and implications as for NAAQSFor all, it is the same process to get the data
into AQS
Non-NAAQS Monitoring
Monitoring & AQS14
Ammonia Find the parameter code Find the units code Find the methodology code describing the monitoring
method Use the correct time increment
Description Code
Pollutant or Parameter? Ammonia 42604
Units? PPM 007
Collection method? InstrumentalAnalysis Method? Teco 17 Chemiluminescence
051
Duration? 1-hour 1And the raw data looks like this. . .
Sample Measurements (hourly) in AQS format
Monitoring & AQS15
RD|I|29|129|0001|42604|1|1|007|051|20000101|00:00|0.010|||||||||||||||RD|I|29|129|0001|42604|1|1|007|051|20000101|01:00|0.004|||||||||||||||RD|I|29|129|0001|42604|1|1|007|051|20000101|02:00|0.004|||||||||||||||RD|I|29|129|0001|42604|1|1|007|051|20000101|03:00|0.004|||||||||||||||RD|I|29|129|0001|42604|1|1|007|051|20000101|04:00|0.003|||||||||||||||RD|I|29|129|0001|42604|1|1|007|051|20000101|05:00|0.002|||||||||||||||RD|I|29|129|0001|42604|1|1|007|051|20000101|06:00|0.025|||||||||||||||RD|I|29|129|0001|42604|1|1|007|051|20000101|07:00|0.101|||||||||||||||RD|I|29|129|0001|42604|1|1|007|051|20000101|08:00|0.024|||||||||||||||RD|I|29|129|0001|42604|1|1|007|051|20000101|09:00|0.021|||||||||||||||RD|I|29|129|0001|42604|1|1|007|051|20000101|10:00|0.009|||||||||||||||RD|I|29|129|0001|42604|1|1|007|051|20000101|11:00|0.013|||||||||||||||RD|I|29|129|0001|42604|1|1|007|051|20000101|12:00|0.026|||||||||||||||RD|I|29|129|0001|42604|1|1|007|051|20000101|13:00|0.024|||||||||||||||RD|I|29|129|0001|42604|1|1|007|051|20000101|14:00|0.026|||||||||||||||RD|I|29|129|0001|42604|1|1|007|051|20000101|15:00|0.031|||||||||||||||RD|I|29|129|0001|42604|1|1|007|051|20000101|16:00|0.028|||||||||||||||RD|I|29|129|0001|42604|1|1|007|051|20000101|17:00|0.025|||||||||||||||RD|I|29|129|0001|42604|1|1|007|051|20000101|18:00|0.034|||||||||||||||RD|I|29|129|0001|42604|1|1|007|051|20000101|19:00|0.018|||||||||||||||RD|I|29|129|0001|42604|1|1|007|051|20000101|20:00|0.009|||||||||||||||RD|I|29|129|0001|42604|1|1|007|051|20000101|21:00|0.006|||||||||||||||RD|I|29|129|0001|42604|1|1|007|051|20000101|22:00|0.006|||||||||||||||RD|I|29|129|0001|42604|1|1|007|051|20000101|23:00|0.005|||||||||||||||
RDAction Code “insert”
State Code|County Code|Site ID|Parameter|POC| Duration Code
Measurement Units CodeMethod Code
Sample Date | Sample Start Hour
Sample MeasurementQualifiers
NAAQS Monitoring
Monitoring & AQS16
NAAQS pollutantsSO2 and relatedNO2 and relatedLeadPM10
PM2.5
COOzone
NAAQS Monitoring
Monitoring & AQS17
SO2 NAAQS SO2 hourly standard (2010) requires 1-hour and 5-minute data designate PMP at site-level for a new SO2 monitor
SO2 and related SO2 hourly (42401, duration 1) New reporting requirement for SO2 5-minute, effective August 23, 2010
If you are reporting:
Use parameter: Use duration: Use POC: Notes:
maximum 5-minute SO2 average from
each hour
use AQS parameter code “42406”
duration code of “1”
Use of POC 1 is suggested but not required.
all of the twelve 5-minute averages from each hour
use AQS parameter code “42401”
duration code of “H”
Often 42401 duration “1” data is reported as POC 1, so the use of POC 2 (if available) is suggested but not required.
Since “42401” is also used for hourly SO2
(duration 1) data, a new POC must be established. The maximum 5-minute average for each hour does not have to be identified and separately reported.
NAAQS Monitoring
Monitoring & AQS18
NAAQSNO2 hourly standard (2010) requires hourly NO2 dataNO2 annual standard (1971) requires hourly NO2 data
NO2 and relatedHourly NO2 (42602, duration 1)NO, NOx from NO2 instrumentsNO, NOy from NO2 instruments at NCORE sites
Parameter codesNO = nitrogen oxide = 42601NO2 = nitrogen dioxide = 42602NOx = oxides of nitrogen = 42603NOy = reactive oxides of nitrogen = 42600NOy – NO = difference channel output from NOy box =
42612 designate PMP for a new NO2 monitor
NAAQS Monitoring
Monitoring & AQS19
Lead NAAQS Lead 3-month (2009) requires 24-hour data Lead 3-month PM10 surrogate (2009) requires 24-hour data Lead quarterly (1978) requires 24-hour data
Parameter codes Lead 3-month uses lead at local conditions = 14129 ** need a PMP at site-level Lead PM10 surrogate uses lead/ PM10 at LC = 85129 ** need a PMP at site-level Lead quarterly uses lead at STP = 12128 (for sites still designated
nonattainment under the old standard) “Technical Note – Lead Data Reporting to AQS, April 30, 2009” Met parameters for outdoor temp & barometric pressure (only one
set necessary per site)
Lead in TSP Lead in PM10
FRM/FEM Non-FRM/FEM FRM/FEM Non-FRM/FEM
Local conditions (LC)
14129 Lead TSP LC
FRM/FEM
14128 Lead (TSP) LC Non-FRM/FEM
85129 Lead PM10 LC
FRM/FEM
85128 Lead PM10 LC
Standard temperature and pressure (STP)
12128 Lead (TSP) STP NA
82128 Lead PM10 STP
NAAQS Monitoring
Monitoring & AQS20
PM10 NAAQS requires 1-hour or 24-hour dataPM10 24-hr standard (2006)
Parameter codesPM10 = 81102
For NCore, PMcoarse = PM10 - PM2.5
PMcoarse = 86101
PM2.5 (LC) = 88101
PM10 (LC) = 85101 (optional)
NAAQS Monitoring
Monitoring & AQS21
PM2.5 NAAQS PM2.5 annual standard (2006) requires 1-hour or 24-hour data
Parameter codes PM2.5 at local conditions (FEM/FRM) = 88101
Primary Monitor must be defined in AQS at the site-level for collocation purposes Technical Note - Reporting PM2.5 Continuous Monitoring and Speciation Data
to the Air Quality System (AQS) 6/01/2006 For NCore, PMcoarse = PM10 - PM2.5
PMcoarse = 86101
Parameter name
Parameter Code
Purpose Notes
PM2.5 local conditions
88101 Appropriate code for all FRM/FEM/ARMs Original code for PM2.5 at local conditions
PM2.5 total atmospheric
88500 Valid data from methods measuring total PM2.5 aerosols in the atmosphere, including those that can be volatilized from the FRM
Introduced in 2005
PM2.5 raw data 88501 Valid uncorrected data that does not reasonably match the FRM
Introduced in 2005
Acceptable PM2.5 AQI & speciation mass
88502 Valid data that does reasonably match the FRM with or without correction, but not to be used in NAAQS decisions
Introduced in 2006
PM2.5 volatile channel
88503 Store important related data such as the FDMS reference channel
Introduced in 2006
NAAQS Monitoring
Monitoring & AQS22
CO NAAQSCO 8-hr standard (1971) requires 1-hour data
Parameter codesCO = 42101
NAAQS Monitoring
Monitoring & AQS23
O3 NAAQSozone 8-hr standard (2008) requires 1-hour dataozone 1-hr daily (1997) requires 1-hour data
Parameter codesO3 = 44201
Ozone primary standard0.075 ppm (2008) is based on the 8-hour average To attain the standard, the 3-year average of the 4th
highest daily max 8-hour average ozone concentration measured at each monitor within an area over each year must not exceed 0.075ppm
Multiple pollutant standards
Monitoring & AQS24
Must be able to distinguish between multiple pollutant standards in AQS
Will cover this in more detail in Standard Reports
NAAQS Standards and Monitoring
Monitoring & AQS25
AMTIC website (OAQPS monitoring group)http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/
AQS website (OAQPS AQS group)http://www.epa.gov/ttn/airs/airsaqs/
NAAQS websitehttp://epa.gov/air/criteria.html
Emails, technical memos, Federal Register
Site “Metadata”
Monitoring & AQS26
Latitude and longitude + method used to determineSite addressSupporting AgencyBegin date/End dateLocal site name (e.g., Jones Elementary)Land useLocation settingTangent roads (nearby roadways)
Monitor “Metadata”
Monitoring & AQS27
Basic Monitor (Instrument) information (optional) Probe location Probe height (height of probe from ground) Probe horizontal distance (distance from probe to support) Probe vertical distance (vert. distance from probe to support) etc
Sample period begin date Monitor type (SLAMS, Tribal Monitor. . ) and begin date Agency roles and begin date Monitoring objective and applicable geographical area Required collection frequency and begin date Tangent Road Collocation information
Monitor Types
Monitoring & AQS28
All SLAMS and some Tribal monitors are used for NAAQS determinations
If not an FRM/FEM monitor, then don’t report it as a Regulatory monitor
Report as “Non-regulatory” and won’t be used in Design Value (DV) calculations
PAMS = Photochemical Assessment Monitoring StationsNCore = National Core multi-pollutant monitoring stations
SLAMS SPM Tribal Industrial
State/local agencies
PAMS
NCore
Agency Roles
Monitoring & AQS29
Collecting Agencywho maintains the instrument in the field?
Reporting AgencyWho reports the data to AQS?Required for all pollutants
Analyzing AgencyWho (which lab) analyzes the filters?
PQAO (Primary Quality Assurance Organization) AgencyWho is responsible for QA, audits, etc?Required for all pollutantsStart date no earlier than 1/1/2007
Exceptional Event Rule
Monitoring & AQS30
The Federal Regulations (40 CFR Part 50.14) allow Ambient Air Quality Measurements that are Exceedances or Violations of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) that are caused by an “Exceptional Event” to be excluded from Attainment demonstrations.
(Exceptional Event Rule = EER)
EER – AQS Process
Monitoring & AQS31
Reporting Agency “flags” data with exceptional Event Flag, and submits justification to EPA
Regional office either concurs with exclusion or “non-concurs”
AQS computes summaries (daily, quarterly, and annual) that either include or exclude the flagged data, with a unique “Exceptional Data Type ID”
AQS Reports will show either summary data flagged with EDT ID 0
0 – No data has been flagged OR 1, 2, and 5
1 – The summary excludes all flagged data 2 – The summary does not exclude any data 5 – The summary excludes regionally concurred flagged data
Data Completeness and Certification
Monitoring & AQS32
Submission of data sample data should be submitted to AQS by the end of the calendar quarter
following the measurement date; ie, measurements from March 5th should be submitted to AQS by June 30th
Annual Data Certification For SLAMS and FRM, FEM and ARM SPM stations All PAMS except SPM Calendar year’s data must be certified by May 1st of the following year; ie, CY2010
data must be certified by May 1, 2011
What’s needed? Data certification statement signed by the senior air pollution monitoring
person from the monitoring agency in the form of a letter to the EPA Regional Administrator
AQS summary report AMP450 (QuickLook) for CO, NO2, SO2, ozone, PM10, lead (12128) and PM2.5 AMP450NC (QuickLook NonCriteria) for other pollutants, lead (14129)
AQS quality assurance report – AMP255 (Data Quality) – for each monitor in the PQAO See 40CFR 58 Appendix A; should be done for each PQAO