APWH Review

1914-Present

AFRICA 1914-Present: Key Concepts

• Colonial rule– Exploitation of labor– Cash crops– Extraction of raw materials for colonial powers

• Soldiers returning from WW2• African nations gained political independence

between 1957 to 1991• Cold War: African nations tried to resist aligning

unless they could benefit economically or politically

AFRICA 1914-Present: Key Terms

• African National Congress (ANC)

• Apartheid• Bandung Conference• Colonialism• El Alamein• Globalization

• League of Nations• Mandate system• Nonaligned nations• Proxy wars• Third World• United Nations

MIDDLE EAST 1914-Present: Key Concepts

• Mandate system divided German colonies and the Ottoman Empire

• Mandates experienced recolonization• Zionism v. Arab nationalism• Despite gaining independence (1950s) and the

rise of oil wealth, most ME people remain poor and no ME nation has become a major industrial or geopolitical power

• Islamic terrorist groups v. Israel and the U.S.

MIDDLE EAST 1914-Present: Key Terms

• Al Qaeda• Balfour Declaration• El Alamein• Globalization• League of Nations• Mandate system• Militant Islam

• Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

• Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO)

• Terrorism• United Nations• Zionism

ASIA 1914-Present: Key Concepts

• Differences in modern history: Japan and China• Nanjing massacre: “Hidden Holocaust”• Chinese Civil War: Communists v. Guomindang• People’s Republic of China (1949): Mao Zedong • Indian independence (1947) and partition• Extensions of Cold War (Korea & Vietnam);

served as a catalyst in transforming numerous Asian economies

• Rapid economic growth: Japan, S. Korea, Hong Kong, Singapore

ASIA 1914-Present: Key Terms

• All-India Muslim League• Asian Tigers• Bandung Conference• Battle of Midway• Boxer Rebellion• Cultural Revolution• Great Leap Forward• Guomindang• Indian National Congress• Kashmir • Keiretsu• Korean War

• Long March• Newly industrialized

economies (NIEs)• Nonaligned nations• Tiananmen Square• Third World• Twenty-One Demands• Viet Cong• Viet Minh• Vietnam War

EUROPE 1914-Present: Key Concepts

• European imperialism ended in the 20th century (exploitation)

• Positive effects of WW1 & 2, Depression, and Cold War: led to creation of technology (i.e. satellite, Internet, other communication systems)

• U.S. (capitalism) & Soviet Union (communism): competing superpowers

EUROPE 1914-Present: Key Terms

• Alliance system• Cold War• Cultural imperialism• European Union• Fascism• Globalization• Great Depression• Helsinki Accords• Holocaust• Imperialism• Iron curtain

• Marshall Plan• Militarism• Multinational

organizations• Nationalism• Nazism• Nongovernmental

organizations (NGOs)• North Atlantic Treaty

Organization (NATO)• Treaty of Versailles• Warsaw Pact

THE AMERICAS 1914-Present: Key Concepts

• Foreign economic control• Social inequality• U.S.: wealthy global power post-WW1, one of two global

superpowers after WW2• Effects of Depression: unemployment, homelessness,

and protectionist policies• Containment policy led the U.S. to sponsor coups &

proxy wars in Latin America• U.S. emerged as the lone superpower at the end of the

Cold War• Globalization of culture, a more interconnected global

economy, and the spread of democracy• New conflicts in response to U.S. domination

THE AMERICAS 1914-Present: Key Terms

• Contras• Dirty War• Import-substitution

industrialization• North American Free

Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

• North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

• Oligarquia• Pearl Harbor• Proxy wars• Sandinistas• Truman Doctrine

Major Comparisons 1914-Present

• Patterns and results of decolonization in Africa and India

• Revolutions in Russia, China, Cuba, Iran and their effects on roles of women

• Effects of world wars on areas outside of Europe• Legacies of colonialism and patterns of economic

development in two of three areas (Africa, Asia, Latin America)

• Notion of the “West” and “East” in Cold War ideology

• Different types of independence struggles• Impacts of Western consumer society on two

civilizations outside Europe

THE BIG PICTURE

• What is the impact of nationalism on regional and global levels?

• Self-determination is the goal of most nationalists, but what are both the positives and negatives of nationalism?

• Nationalism: WWI and WWII aggressors; post-WWII independence movements; Cold War and post-Cold War

• Globalization and the convergence of cultures– positive, negative, both?