APUSH Content Review #2

Unit 3 (Articles of Confederation, Constitution, Presidencies of Washington & Adams, Supreme Court Cases)

“Critical Period” & Early National Period

Review

Women emerged from the American Revolution with the new responsibility of:

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1. enjoying the vote

2. serving in local political office

3. becoming public school teachers

4. raising sons and daughters as good republican citizens

The Jay Treaty (1794) provided for

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1. the acceptance of American trade with the French West Indies

2. free navigation of the Mississippi

3. an ending of the impressment of American seamen

4. evacuation of English troops from their posts along the Great Lakes

The Land Ordinance of 1785 established what precedent for new territories ?

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1. town hall meetings

2. fair treatment of Indians

3. popular sovereignty

4. public funds for education

The Judiciary Act of 1789 created

1. a system of lower federal courts

2. elections for federal judges

3. the possibility of impeachment of federal officials

4. state courts

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The main purpose of the Alien and Sedition Acts was to

1. capture French and British spies

2. control the Federalists

3. silence and punish critics of the Federalists

4. keep Thomas Jefferson from becoming president

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Washington's Farewell Address in 17961. warmly endorsed the appearance of

political parties in America 2. warned against the dangers of

permanent foreign alliances 3. was delivered to a joint session of

Congress by Washington himself 4. proposed a two-term limitation on

the presidency 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

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While Chief Justice John Marshall presided over the Supreme Court, its decisions

1. generally protected states' rights 2. showed no bias toward either

"broad" or "strict" interpretation 3. laid the groundwork for a “loose"

interpretation of the Constitution 4. reflected the ideas of Thomas

Jefferson's Kentucky Resolutions 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

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Which best reflects the economic hardships of the "Critical Period"?

1. the Stamp Act Congress

2. the Northwest Ordinance

3. the Embargo Act of 1807

4. Shay's Rebellion

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The XYZ Affair involved 1. a French foreign minister's demand

for a bribe 2. the British refusal to evacuate forts

in the Ohio River Valley3. General Andrew Jackson's incursion

into Spanish-held Florida4. Aaron Burr's secret plot to detach

the western United States 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

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During the 1790s, Federalists and Republicans disagreed over all of the following EXCEPT

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1. the Bank of the United States 2. foreign policy toward England and

France 3. Hamilton’s funding & assumption

plan 4. democracy versus republicanism

The United States, 1783

Three Branches of Government

The supremacy clause establishes the Constitution (not the states) as the

"the supreme law of the land"

FederalismFederalism—state gov’ts & the national gov’t both have power

A state law cannot contradict a national law

Colonial Governments1607-1781

Articles of Confederation1781-1789

Constitution1789-present

Taxes

Taxes imposed by British crown & enforced by royal governors & tax collectors; County-courts could determine local tax rates

Left up to the individual states; central gov’t did not have power to tax but can request funds from states

Both the federal gov’t and the states have the power to tax (Federalism!)

Legislative Authority

Salutary neglect led to formation of colonial assemblies; Real authority rested with governor & king

Unicameral legislature; Each state has one vote in Congress but Congress is intentionally weak to leave most legislative decisions to the states

Bicameral legislature with House & Senate; States make laws too (Federalism!)

Executive Authority

Royal governors & king enforced laws; Governor’s councils advised the governor

No president; no authority has veto power over the states; State governors are powerless as well

President determined by Electoral College; Has veto power over Congress; Can make judicial appointments

Judicial Authority

Royal courts & county-courts; Judges chosen by royal governor

Judicial authority left up to state courts; Central gov’t has authority to handle disputes between states

Supreme Court established; Federal Courts given power to enforce federal law; State courts still in place

AdvantagesProvided for regional differences

Sovereign states; no tyrannical oppression

More powerful central gov’t and sovereign states; Federalism!

DisadvantagesColonies gradually lost ability to make local decisions (Parliamentary Sovereignty)

No power to tax, no national leadership, Difficult to amend constitution or pass laws

States cannot act in ways that conflict with national laws

Washington’s Cabinet Henry Knox, Secretary of War

Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of Treasury

Thomas Jefferson, Secretary of State

George Washington, President

Edmund Randolph, Attorney General

Hamilton (Federalist) Jefferson (Democratic-Republican)

Role of Government

A strong national gov’t is necessary; the “elite” should rule over the masses

The states should have power to protect the yeoman farmers from potential tyrants

Payment of National & State

Debts

The national gov’t should “assume” all state debts & should “fund” debts at full value;

States like Virginia who paid off their debts should not have to help more negligible

states pay off their debts

TariffsThe U.S. gov’t should tax imported goods to

generate revenue to pay off debts

The states should not be subject to national taxes; Import taxes hurt yeoman farmers

by making products more expensive

The U.S. Economy

U.S. gov’t should support build infrastructure to support manufacturing

U.S. is a land dominated by yeoman farmers whose interests need to be protected

Creating a National Bank

America needs a BUS to regulate currency & interest rates

The BUS is unconstitutional & places too much power in the hands of the elite

Interpretation of the Constitution

The elastic clause allows for a loose interpretation of the Constitution to fit the

needs of the nation

The national gov’t can only operate under the powers clearly expressed in the

Constitution

Whiskey Rebellion

The national gov’t can issue taxes to raise revenue; The Whiskey Rebellion is a

Republican plot to promote states’ rights

The national gov’t should npt taxes the states; The gov’t used the army to stifle

legitimate opposition to an unfair tax.

French Revolution

The U.S. should support England, not France, due to England’s superior

economic system

The U.S. should support France due to its conviction to liberty & assistance during

the American Revolution

Political Parties & Supreme Court Cases Review Sheet

ConstitutionReview

The group most likely to approve of the Articles of Confederation would be

1. former Continental army officers

2. those who feared strong central government

3. bankers, merchants, and financiers

4. those who feared the dangers of unrestrained democracy

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In Marbury v. Madison, John Marshall argued that the Supreme Court could:

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1. remove federal officials who would not or could not perform their duties

2. declare federal laws unconstitutional 3. uphold the authority of the federal

government over the states 4. determine cases involving interstate

commerce

In order to become a law, a bill in Congress must

1. receive a 2/3 majority of the votes in Congress

2. receive a 3/4 majority of the votes in each house of Congress

3. receive a 2/3 majority of votes in each house of Congress

4. pass both houses of Congress in identical form

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Which amendment was NOT part of the Bill of Rights?:

1. freedoms of speech, press, religion

2. trial by jury

3. protection against illegal search

4. direct election of senators

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According to the Constitution, the president is chosen by

1. the House of Representatives

2. popular vote of the people

3. the Electoral College

4. both Houses of Congress

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Those who opposed ratification of the Constitution were called

1. Whigs

2. Anti-Federalists

3. Republicans

4. Federalists

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Under the Constitution, the status of the Indian tribes in the west was

1. not clearly defined

2. that of conquered nations

3. that of independent nations

4. the same as states

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All were weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation government EXCEPT

1. it lacked the power to levy taxes

2. it lacked the power to regulate trade

3. it lacked the power to borrow money

4. it lacked a strong executive

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The central compromise of the Constitutional Convention involved the

1. balance of powers among the 3 branches of the federal government

2. relationship of state & federal powers

3. abandonment of the Articles of Confederation

4. representation of large & small states

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The first amendments to the Constitution, the Bill of Rights, were added to protect

1. the states from the power of the federal government

2. individual citizens from the power of the federal and state governments

3. minorities from the majority 4. individual citizens from the power of

the federal government 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

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The fact that the Constitution provided for federalism and checks and balances suggests 1. the original thirteen states sought to

dominate the national government 2. the writers desired the national

government to rule over the states 3. the American people at that time

supported a military government 4. its writers feared a concentration of

political power 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

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Both the Articles of Confederation and the U.S. Constitution provided for

1. a Congress with legislative powers

2. a Supreme Court with judicial power

3. president with executive powers

4. local governments with veto powers

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According to the U. S. Constitution, revenue bills must originate with

1. the House of Representatives

2. the Senate

3. either house of Congress

4. the president

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In Constitution, each may be accomplished by a simple majority vote EXCEPT

1. Congress declares war

2. Congress passes a law

3. the Senate ratifies a treaty

4. the electoral college must select a president

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The “father of the Constitution” drafted the plan to replace the Articles of Confederation

and developed the “Great Compromise”

1. Alexander Hamilton

2. Thomas Jefferson

3. James Madison

4. James Monroe

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This part of the Constitution gives Congress the power to pass laws that are

"necessary and proper"1. Habeas Corpus

2. Elastic Clause

3. Federalism

4. Due Process

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Any power given to the national government based on the "elastic clause" and is not

directly stated in the Constitution is called a

1. Delegated power

2. Implied Power

3. Reserved Power

4. Enumerated Power

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This plan called for a national government with a bicameral legislature with members

proportional to each state’s population

1. Virginia Plan

2. New Jersey Plan

3. Albany Plan

4. Crittenden Plan

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A form of government in which power is shared by different political levels, as

between states and the national government

1. Separation of Powers

2. Democracy

3. Republicanism

4. Federalism

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The belief that the national government can exercise only those powers that are

specifically stated by the Constitution

1. Elastic Clause

2. Strict Construction

3. Loose Construction

4. Original Jurisdiction

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A Constitutional guarantee that persons under legal investigation receive fair treatment from government officials

1. Double Jeopardy

2. Self Incrimination

3. Due Process of Law

4. Habeas Corpus

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