AP US HistoryApril 16 - 20 - 2018 (Block Schedule)

Because we will be on block schedule this week, you will have some combined lecture-text activities. This is the ONLY way that we can complete the material.

This week we will basically be moving through the 1950s and early 1960s starting with an overview of Civil Rights. There will be review activities most days (recap/bell work/ etc)

Over the next two weeks you will have several text-based homework assignments to complete covering domestic events while cover together in class events of the Civil Rights and Cold War era (particularly the Vietnam War.

Fifth Period will meet as normal (and there will be a day, maybe two with no in-class lunches)This means that 5th Period will have a whole other lesson plan. I am not publishing a separate plan just for 5th so there are some days when your assignment will be completely different.

MONDAY (Period 3, 5) TUESDAY (Periods 4,5,6) Examine the origins of the Civil Rights struggle 1944 - 1950s

Materials FormatPower point/Video? Lecture-discussion L.CCR.2-3

Student Skill TypesChronological Reasoning (1, 2, 3)Comp/Context (5)Historical Evidence (6,7)

Introduction Eisenhower’s presidency is sometimes called the Affluent Society. And indeed the U.S. was almost

economically unchallenged in the 1950s. The middle class was never larger than the mid-late 1950s and as a result those values and ideas became completely dominant, or so it would seem. The youth were starting to have other ideas and the reign of the middle class was being questioned by those who most benefitted by that affluence; the educated upper middle class. The Beat Generation writers like Jack Kerouac and Alan Ginsberg started a literary assault on these values just as Mark Twain had chastised the Victorians before. Of course, one of the most vexing issues for parents of the Greatest Generation (Those who fought the Depression and WWII) was the rise of rock –n-roll and youth culture. The 1950s beatniks were the origins of the 1960s Hippies. The development of the Civil Rights era of the 1950s and 1960s exists within this backdrop.

As we have seen, the civil rights movement became a vocal byproduct of WWII. Here’s a quick review of what you should know from events late in the FDR years and throughout Truman.

a. The Double V Campaign (The campaign launched by the to call attention to both racism in Nazi Germany but also race issues in Americab. Tuskegee Airmen played a pivotal role in calling attention to the fighting abilities of black airmen and helping to erase preconceptions of race.c. Executive Order 8802 and A. Philip Randolph (After a threat to organize a march on Washington to demonstrate against injustice in pay and hiring practices in wartime industries, FDR was forced into an executive order equalizing pay and hiring.)d. CORE (Founded by James A. Farmer the Congress on Racial Equality pioneered non-violent protest methods in the 1940s such as the sit-down strike)e. To Secure the Rights and Truman’s Executive Order 9981 (Following the news that WWII veterans had been attacked in Georgia by white thugs, Truman issued orders for an investigation on race issues. The result was compiled and called To Secure these Rights. He issued an executive order desegregating the military and Federal government. This was a major step in civil rights.

To quickly sum up, the first wave of civil rights legislation in the 20th century was inspired by raising awareness and Presidential actions. The use of executive orders is important to understand. While the orders were the right of a President in dealing with issues impacting the Executive branch, they could do little in the name of Congressional legislation. Here similar to the antebellum period, southern states could often block Federal initiatives.

Eisenhower and the Civil Rights Years The best way to describe Ike’s feelings on civil rights was that he wished it would go away. He was far less

interested in the topic but ironically it might be that lack of interest that saw his administration forced to make key decisions.

On August 28, 1955, Emmett Till, a 14-year-old African American youth who was on a summer vacation from his home on Chicago’s South Side, was kidnapped by two white men from his uncle's home in Mississippi. Four days later, Till's badly beaten body was recovered from the Tallahatchie River. A 75-pound cotton gin fan was attached with barbed wire to his neck.

Till had allegedly entered a grocery store, bought some bubble gun, and whistled at a white woman who worked there. The woman's husband and his half-brother kidnapped and killed Till. As one put it: "I just decided it was time a few people got put on notice." An all-white jury acquitted the two men in an hour and seven minutes. One juror commented: "If we hadn't stopped to drink a pop, it wouldn't have taken that long.

The Till case presented the President with an issue that was common in U.S. history but one that had been at least dormant for a while; state’s rights. The fact that murder cases were state matters inhibited justice in cases involving race. Federal laws as you well know were often blocked by “black codes” and “Jim Crow” laws all over the country. The 1950s forced this issue into the open.

Brown v. Board of Education Topeka Cases (1954)Facts of the Case  

Black children were denied admission to public schools attended by white children under laws requiring or permitting segregation according to the races. These laws were defended as part of the infamous Plessey v. Ferguson ruling in the 1890s where the doctrine of “separate but equal” had been established. The white and black schools approached equality in terms of buildings, curricula, qualifications, and teacher salaries.

Question  

Does the segregation of children in public schools solely on the basis of race deprive the minority children of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the 14th Amendment? NAACP attorneys argued the case and Thurgood Marshall, future Supreme Court Justice, became well known as a result of this case.

Conclusion  

Decision: 9 votes for Brown, 0 vote(s) againstLegal provision: Equal Protection clause of the 14th amendment: The Supreme Court's Brown v. Board of Education

decision did not abolish segregation in other public areas, such as restaurants and restrooms, nor did it require desegregation of public schools by a specific time. It did, however, declare the permissive or mandatory segregation that existed in 21 states unconstitutional. It was a giant step towards complete desegregation of public schools. Even partial desegregation of these schools, however, was still very far away, as would soon become apparent. Despite the equalization of the schools by "objective" factors, intangible issues foster and maintain inequality. Racial segregation in public education has a detrimental effect on minority children because it is interpreted as a sign of inferiority. The long-held doctrine that separate facilities were permissible provided they were equal was rejected. Separate but equal is inherently unequal in the context of public education. The unanimous opinion sounded the death-knell for all forms of state-maintained racial separation.

Little Rock Central

It took only a short time for the implications of the Brown case to be felt. Three years after the Supreme Court's Brown v. Board of Education decision, which officially ended public-school segregation, a federal court ordered Little Rock to comply. On September 4, 1957, Governor Orval Faubus defied the court, calling in the Arkansas National Guard to prevent nine African American students--"The Little Rock Nine"--from entering the building. Ten days later in a meeting with President Eisenhower, Faubus agreed to use the National Guard to protect the African American teenagers, but on returning to Little Rock, he dismissed the troops, leaving the African American students exposed to an angry white mob. Within hours, the jeering, brick-throwing mob had beaten several reporters and smashed many of the school's windows and doors. By noon, local police were forced to evacuate the nine students.

When Faubus did not restore order, President Eisenhower dispatched 101st Airborne Division paratroopers to Little Rock and put the Arkansas National Guard under federal command. By 3 a.m., soldiers surrounded the school, bayonets fixed. The Use of the 101st Airborne was perhaps significant as they are similar to Special Forces and perhaps a sign to any guardsmen who might try to interfere.

Under federal protection, the "Little Rock Nine" finished out the school year. The following year, Faubus closed all the high schools, forcing the African American students to take correspondence courses or go to out-of-state schools. The school board reopened the schools in the fall of 1959, and despite more violence--for example, the bombing of one student's house--four of the nine students returned, this time protected by local police.

The use of Federal power over state power was a sign of things to come in the realm of civil rights.

Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks, a 42-year-old African American woman who worked as a seamstress,

boarded this Montgomery City bus to go home from work. On this bus on that day, Rosa Parks initiated a new era in the American quest for freedom and equality.

She sat near the middle of the bus, just behind the 10 seats reserved for whites. Soon all of the seats in the bus were filled. When a white man entered the bus, the driver (following the standard practice of segregation) insisted that all four blacks sitting just behind the white section give up their seats so that the man could sit there. Mrs. Parks, who was an active member of the local NAACP, quietly refused to give up her seat. Her action was spontaneous and not pre-meditated, although her previous civil rights involvement and strong sense of justice were obvious influences. Parks was arrested and convicted of violating the laws of segregation, an obvious “Jim Crow” law. Mrs. Parks appealed her conviction and thus formally challenged the legality of segregation.

At the same time, local civil rights activists initiated a boycott of the Montgomery bus system. In cities across the South, segregated bus companies were daily reminders of the inequities of American society. Since African Americans made up about 75 percent of the riders in Montgomery, the boycott posed a serious economic threat to the company and a social threat to white rule in the city.

A new civil rights group made its appearance. The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). As their leader, they chose a young Baptist minister who was new to Montgomery: Martin Luther King, Jr. Sparked by Mrs. Parks’ action, the boycott lasted 381 days, into December 1956 when the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the segregation law was unconstitutional and the Montgomery buses were integrated. The Montgomery Bus Boycott was the beginning of a revolutionary era of non-violent mass protests in support

of civil rights in the United States. There had been a bus boycott in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, in 1953, but black leaders compromised before making real gains. Joann Robinson, a black university professor and activist in Montgomery, had suggested the idea of a bus boycott months before the Parks arrest.

Conclusion

The 1950s represented the beginnings of the era for civil rights. For the most part the protests were non-violent and because of the use of TV many white began to support civil rights ideas. The civil rights groups had focused most of their attention on issues of social and economic segregation. As the 1950s winded down the new focus was upon voting rights (not to imply that the war on segregation was over). Congress did pass two pieces of civil rights legislation. The Civil Rights Act, 1957: Eisenhower signed this bill to establish a permanent commission on civil rights with investigative powers but it did not guarantee a ballot for blacks (meaning protection of the right won in 1866 and 1920). It was the first civil-rights bill to be enacted after Reconstruction which was supported by most non-southern whites. The Civil Rights Act, 1960: Eisenhower passed this bill to appease strong southern resistance and only slightly strengthened the first measures provisions. Neither act was able to empower federal officials to register the right to vote for African-Americans and was not effective. It is unlikely that you will see these as often as the 1964 and 1968 acts which we will discuss later.

HomeworkYou can work on the weekend stuff.

WEDNESDAY (Period 3, 5) THURSDAY (Periods 4,5,6)

Discuss key events foreign civil rights issues of the JFK Administration 1960-1963 There will be a few bell work questions to follow today's lesson

Materials Strategy/Format

PPT and video clip? Lecture-discussion L.CCR.1

Student Skill TypesChronological Reasoning (1, 2, 3)Comp/Context (5)Historical Evidence (6,7)

Introduction and Instructions JFK won one of the closest elections in U.S. History (see map). There were allegations of cheating just like

in 2000 and 2016. The allegations involved Cook County Illinois (This is what the first season of the TV show Scandal is loosely based upon these events)

In 1960 one of the most important and closest elections in U.S. History occurred. It pitted political veteran and Vice President Richard Nixon against Democrat John F. Kennedy who, like Barak Obama had not yet completed a full term in the U.S. Senate. Nixon had some political liabilities. Nixon's rapid rise in American politics nearly came to a crashing halt after a sensational headline appeared in the New York Post stating, "Secret Rich Men's Trust Fund Keeps Nixon in Style Far Beyond His Salary." The headline appeared just a few days after Eisenhower had chosen him as his running mate. Amid the shock and outrage that followed, many Republicans urged Eisenhower to dump Nixon from the ticket before it was too late.

Nixon, however, in a brilliant political maneuver, took his case directly to the American people via the new medium of television. During a nationwide broadcast, with his wife Pat sitting stoically nearby, Nixon offered an apologetic explanation of his finances, including the now-famous lines regarding his wife's "respectable Republican cloth coat." Additionally, he told of a little dog named Checkers that was given as a present to his young daughters. "I want to say right now that regardless of what they say, we're going to keep it. The Checker’s Speech saved his career but people still had doubts. In light of the Watergate Scandal 20 years later, perhaps they were correct to worry.

JFK also understood TV and in the 3 televised debates, a first in history, viewers all believed that the young, tanned Massachusetts war hero was the winner. However, many who heard the debate on the radio believed JFK was bested by the more experienced Nixon. During the debate and the general campaign Kennedy accused the Republicans of allowing a “missile gap” to develop as the Soviets had developed more ICBMs (intercontinental ballistic missiles). JFK also promised middle class tax cuts to stimulate the economy that seemed to be lagging in the late 1950s in some sectors.

The Election of 1960 was very telling. Nixon won far more states but as you know, this matters little if you cannot poll the major states. But even here the race was tight. JFK won in New York, Pennsylvania, and Illinois where there were fierce allegations of fraud. Nixon took California (his home state) and Ohio. In the end, JFK with only 2 tenths of a percent of the popular vote but a clear majority in the electoral count.

JFK and the Cold WarThe Berlin Crisis of 1961

When JFK first assumed the Presidency, he had to deal with a tragic escalation of Cold War tensions that he had inherited from Eisenhower. An international diplomatic crisis erupted in May 1960 the USSR shot down an American U-2 spy plane in Soviet air space and captured its pilot, Francis Gary Powers Confronted with the evidence of his nation’s espionage, President Dwight D. Eisenhower was forced to admit to the Soviets that the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) had been flying spy missions over the USSR for several years. The Soviets convicted Powers on espionage charges and sentenced him to 10 years in prison. However, after serving less than two years, he was released in exchange for a captured Soviet agent in the first-ever U.S.-USSR “spy swap.” The U-2 spy plane incident raised tensions between the U.S. and the Soviets during the Cold War (1945-91), the largely political clash between the two superpowers and their allies that emerged following World War II.

In early 1960 JFK meet with Soviet Premiere Khrushchev in Geneva early in his Presidency and it did not go well. We now know that that JFK was in terrible pain from a back problem and was on meds that kept him pretty messed up. The Soviet leader got the impression that he was a weak leader. This may have stimulated the Soviet decision to press the western powers on the issue of Berlin.

During the 1950s a steady outflow of refugees from the Soviet occupation zone to the West consisted primarily of young people of working age. By 1950 some 1.6 million had migrated to the western zones. Between 1950 and 1961, the refugee flow continued at a rate of 100,000 to 200,000 annually. Workers were attracted by the economic opportunities open to them in West Germany, and in the early 1950s, they and their families formed the majority of emigrants. By the late 1950s, a growing proportion of those leaving were professional people and students whose skills were sorely needed for internal development. In 1959 about 144,000 persons fled; in 1960, the figure rose to 199,000; and in the first seven months of 1961, about 207,000 left the country.

In November 1958, Soviet Premier Khrushchev issued an ultimatum giving the Western powers six months to agree to withdraw from Berlin and make it a free, demilitarized city. At the end of that period, Khrushchev declared, the Soviet Union would turn over to East Germany complete control of all lines of communication with West Berlin; the western powers then would have access to West Berlin only by permission of the East German government. The United States, Great Britain, and France replied to this ultimatum by firmly asserting their determination to remain in West Berlin and to maintain their legal right of free access to that city.

In 1959 the Soviet Union withdrew its deadline and instead met with the Western powers in a Big Four foreign ministers' conference. Although the three-month-long sessions failed to reach any important agreements, they did open the door to further negotiations and led to Premier Khrushchev's visit to the United States in September of 1959. At the end of this visit, Khrushchev and President Eisenhower stated jointly that the most important issue in the world was general disarmament and that the problem of Berlin and "all outstanding international questions should be settled, not by the application of force, but by peaceful means through negotiations."

The communist Eastern German government pushed the Soviets to act. During the spring and early summer, the East German regime procured and stockpiled building materials for the erection of the Berlin Wall. Although this extensive activity was widely known, few outside the small circle of Soviet and East German planners believed that East Germany would be sealed off. Approximately 32,000 combat and engineer troops were used in building the Wall. Once their efforts were completed, the Border Police assumed the functions of manning and improving the barrier. The Soviet Army was present to discourage interference by the West and presumably to assist in the event of large-scale riots.

As the confrontation over Berlin escalated, on 25 July President Kennedy requested an increase in the Army's total authorized strength from 875,000 to approximately 1 million men, along with increase of 29,000 and 63,000 men in the active duty strength of the Navy and the Air Force. Additionally, he ordered that draft calls be doubled, and asked the Congress for authority to order to active duty certain ready reserve units and individual reservists. He also requested new funds to identify and mark space in existing structures that could be used for fall-out shelters in case of attack, to stock those shelters with food, water, first-aid kits and other minimum essentials for survival, and to improve air-raid warning and fallout detection systems.

In the end however, JFK’s reaction did not stop the Berlin Wall from going up. Kennedy went to Berlin and made his famous speech (Eich bin ein Berliner). Though intending this final phrase to mean "I am a Berliner," in one of the memorably humorous footnotes to Cold War history, Kennedy's words would be more accurately translated as "I am a donut" since a "Berliner" is a popular German pastry. The U.S. did pledge once again to defend West Berlin and the West Germany as millions more in aid were allocated.

The Bay of Pigs and the Cuban Missile Crisis As we saw with Eisenhower, there was a plan to overthrow Castro in Cuba developed by the CIA but Ike

had never acted upon it. Now it was up to JFK who travelled to Miami and made a speech to thousands of anti-Castro dissidents there. This was the signal that the invasion, known as the Bay of Pigs was on.

The original invasion plan called for two air strikes against Cuban air bases. A 1,400-man invasion force would disembark under cover of darkness and launch a surprise attack. Paratroopers dropped in advance of the invasion would disrupt transportation and repel Cuban forces. Simultaneously, a smaller force would land on the east coast of Cuba to create confusion. The main force would advance across the island to Matanzas and set up a defensive position. The United Revolutionary Front would send leaders from South Florida and establish a provisional government. The success of the plan depended on the Cuban population joining the invaders.

The first mishap occurred on April 15, 1961, when eight bombers left Nicaragua to bomb Cuban airfields. The CIA had used obsolete World War II B-26 bombers, and painted them to look like Cuban air force planes. The bombers missed many of their targets and left most of Castro's air force intact. As news broke of the attack, photos of the repainted U.S. planes became public and revealed American support for the invasion. President Kennedy cancelled a second air strike. This was the death knell for any success that the raid have hope for. Most of the brigade were killed or captured along with some membersof the CIA.

The disaster at the Bay of Pigs had a lasting impact on the Kennedy administration. Determined to make up for the failed invasion, the administration initiated Operation Mongoose—a plan to sabotage and destabilize the Cuban government and economy. The plan included the possibility of assassinating Castro. Almost 60 years later, relations between Castro's Cuba and the United States remain strained and tenuous.

The Cuban Missile Crisis The Cuban Missile Crisis was a pivotal moment in the Cold War. Fifty years ago the United States and the

Soviet Union stood closer to Armageddon than at any other moment in history. In October 1962 President John F. Kennedy was informed of a U-2 spy-plane’s discovery of Soviet nuclear-tipped missiles in Cuba. The President resolved immediately that this could not stand. Over an intense 13 days, he and his Soviet counterpart Nikita Khrushchev confronted each other “eyeball to eyeball,” each with the power of mutual

destruction. A war would have meant the deaths of 100 million Americans and more than 100 million Russians.

President Kennedy and the group of advisors he had assembled (known as ExComm) evaluated a number of options. After a week of secret deliberations, he announced the discovery to the world and imposed a naval blockade on further shipments of armaments to Cuba. A tense second week followed, during which neither side backed down. Presented with the choice of attacking or accepting Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba, Kennedy rejected both options. Instead, he crafted an alternative with three components: a public deal in which the United States pledged not to invade Cuba if the Soviet Union withdrew its missiles; a private ultimatum threatening to attack Cuba within 24 hours if the offer was rejected; and a secret sweetener that promised to withdraw U.S. missiles from Turkey within six months

The Cuban missile crisis ended in 1962 mostly through back channel negotiations. The US agreed to remove missiles from Turkey and the Soviets missiles from Cuba. Interestingly the missiles in Turkey were already slated for removal as they were obsolete. The new submarine launched missiles were going to replace them anyway. There were also agreements about a hot-line to avoid accidental launches. For Khrushchev the missile crisis was also the end of his premiership as he was forced from power and replaced by Leonid Brezhnev in 1964 until his death in 1982

HomeworkYou can do weekend stuff??

FRIDAY (Periods, 3,5) (TEXTBOOK NEEDED) Discuss the Kennedy assassination November 22, 1963 Analysis of Text sources on Civil Rights (JFK/LBJ)

Materials Strategy/Formatvideo/questions Lecture-discussion L.CCR.1

Student Skill TypesChronological Reasoning (1, 2, 3)Comp/Context (5)Historical Evidence (6,7)

InstructionsToday in class we will complete some text materials on the later stages of the civil rights movement and look at the Kennedy assassination. While you are not likely to have many AP questions on the assassination, it is one of the most important events in US History and continues to be a controversial event.

Introduction: November 1963The material below was adapted from the information on the JFK library website. http://www.jfklibrary.org/ I also included the link below to the video in case you're interested in watching the rest of it!A light rain was falling on Friday morning, November 22, but a crowd of several thousand stood in the parking lot outside the Texas Hotel where the Kennedys had spent the night. A platform was set up and the president, wearing no protection against the weather, came out to make some brief remarks. "There are no faint hearts in Fort Worth," he began, "and I appreciate your being here this morning. Mrs. Kennedy is organizing herself. It takes longer, but, of course, she looks better than we do when she does it." He went on to talk about the nation's need for being "second to none" in defense and in space, for continued growth in the economy and "the willingness of citizens of the United States to assume the burdens of leadership."The warmth of the audience response was palpable as the president reached out to shake hands amidst a sea of smiling faces. Back inside the hotel the president spoke at a breakfast of the Fort Worth Chamber of Commerce,

focusing on military preparedness. "We are still the keystone in the arch of freedom," he said. "We will continue to do…our duty, and the people of Texas will be in the lead."

Dallas Texas: Two hours before the Assassination

The presidential party left the hotel and went by motorcade to Carswell Air Force Base for the thirteen-minute flight to Dallas. Arriving at Love Field, President and Mrs. Kennedy disembarked and immediately walked toward a fence where a crowd of well-wishers had gathered, and they spent several minutes shaking hands.

The first lady received a bouquet of red roses, which she brought with her to the waiting limousine. Governor John Connally and his wife, Nellie, were already seated in the open convertible as the Kennedys entered and sat behind them. Since it was no longer raining, the plastic bubble top had been left off. Vice President and Mrs. Johnson occupied another car in the motorcade.

The procession left the airport and traveled along a ten-mile route that wound through downtown Dallas on the way to the Trade Mart where the President was scheduled to speak at a luncheon.

The Assassination and the Aftermath

Crowds of excited people lined the streets and waved to the Kennedys. The car turned off Main Street at Dealey Plaza around 12:30 p.m. As it was passing the Texas School Book Depository, gunfire suddenly reverberated in the plaza. Bullets struck the president's neck and head and he slumped over toward Mrs. Kennedy. The governor was also hit in the chest.

The car sped off to Parkland Memorial Hospital just a few minutes away. But little could be done for the President. A Catholic priest was summoned to administer the last rites, and at 1:00 p.m. John F. Kennedy was pronounced dead. Though seriously wounded, Governor Connally would recover.

The president's body was brought to Love Field and placed on Air Force One. Before the plane took off, a grim-faced Lyndon B. Johnson stood in the tight, crowded compartment and took the oath

of office, administered by US District Court Judge Sarah Hughes. The brief ceremony took place at 2:38 p.m.

Less than an hour earlier, police had arrested Lee Harvey Oswald, a recently hired employee at the Texas School Book Depository. He was being held for the assassination of President Kennedy and the fatal shooting, shortly afterward, of Patrolman J. D. Tippit on a Dallas street. On Sunday morning, November 24, Oswald was scheduled to be transferred from police headquarters to the county jail. Viewers across America watching the live television coverage suddenly saw a man aim a pistol and fire at point blank range. The assailant was identified as Jack Ruby, a local nightclub owner. Oswald died two hours later ironically at Parkland Hospital. An official investigation was launched by the LBJ Administration known as the Warren Commission (headed by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court).

ConclusionComplete the following using text sources

American Voices pp: 884-885 questions 1-4Thinking Like a Historian pp: 888-889 questions 1-3 (omit 4)

Weekend HomeworkALL Classes

Matrix Review TermsDirectionsBecause we are plagued by idiots at the state who love spending tax money on meaningless standardized tests, we will have to do some Review in the form of preview. The answers to the questions below all relate to the key terms, people, and events below. Some of this material we have not yet covered in class (and may not get to). You will not use these terms and all you have to do is write the correct answer. This is due the first day of class next week.Truth and Labeling Act 1966

Barry Goldwater and 1964 Election

Medicare and Medicaid 1965(details)

Aid to Dependent Children 1965

Elementary and Secondary Education Act 1965

The John Birch Society and Ultra-conservatives

The 1968 Democratic Convention in Chicago

Hubert Humphrey, George McGovern, RFK

The Sun Belt, Frost Belt, and Rust Belt

Silent Spring by Rachel Carson

Unsafe at Any Speed by Ralph Nader

The Equal Pay Act 1963

The EPA and Earth Day

"The Law and Order President"

“The Silent Majority”

Title IX The 1972 Election vs George McGovern

The Apollo Moon Landing 1969

“Stagflation” Three Mile Island Incident

Watergate Investigation

CREEP Woodward and BernsteinAll the President’s Men

Freedom of Information Act 1974

Malcolm X and the Nation of Islam

The Black Panthers and Huey Newton

The Weather Underground

Assassination of JFK, RFK, and MLK

National Organization of Women (NOW)

The Equal Rights Amendment

The Stonewall Riots

Hippies, Counter-Culture and the New Left

Kent State and Jackson State

Incident

1968 Election and Nixon’s “Southern

Strategy”

Strom Thurmond 23rd Amendment (Washington D.C)

The 26th

Amendment (voting age)

Immigration Act of 1965

Cesar Chavez The American Indian Movement and Wounded Knee

The Rodney King verdict and LAPD

police brutality

Second Amendment Rights and the National Rifle Association

Conservative Resurgence and the

Moral Majority

1. I'll start you with an easy one: Who branded himself the "law and order President?"

2. The law that applied equal funding to collegiate women's sports and other organizations was called this?

3. What was the subject of Ralph Nader's book Unsafe at Any Speed?

4. Which Presidential Candidate was claimed that he was elected in 1968 by the "silent majority?"

5. What was the change made by the Twenty-Sixth Amendment?

6. What was the subject of Rachel Carson Silent Spring?

7. Who was the famous labor leader who fought to end debt peonage, a labor system that kept Hispanics in a perpetual state of poverty?

8. What was the most dangerous accident involving a nuclear plant in U.S. History?

9. What was the Twenty-Third Amendment?

10. He broke from the Nation of Islam and was later assassinated?

11. What was the subject of the book, All the King's Men?

12. This organization still to this day battles against any perceived changes to the Second Amendment?

13. What was the subject of both the Kent State and Jackson State protests (same answer)?

14. This group still to this day asserts equal rights for women and was founded by most notably by Betty Friedan and Shirley Chisholm?

15. What two measures were signed into law as part of LBJ's War on Poverty and provide unemployed people with medical benefits and unemployment compensation?

16. This was an LBJ measure of first mandated that food products must reveal nutritional values.

17. This was the term used to describe the slow growth and high inflation of the Ford and Carter years of the 1970s.

18. In 1969 this was a reaction to police brutality against gay people in New York City.

19. Which LBJ "Great Society" initiative provided federal funding for education?

20. Which LBJ "Great Society" initiative ended the "quota system" installed during the 1920s

21. Here the FBI and Native protesters fought a gun battle at the same location as a previous massacre of Sioux natives?

22. LBJ defeated this Arizona Republican in his re-election bid because some thought his anti-communist rhetoric would lead to war.

23. This technological marvel first promised by JFK was finally achieved by NASA in 1969?

24. This religious based group in the 1970s and 1980s was largely responsible for Republican majorities and the election of Ronald Reagan in 1980-1984 and George H.W. Bush in 1988.

25. This agency signed into law by Nixon reflected the terrible state of pollution in the 1970s.

26. Stemming from the original Vietnam War protests, they became a domestic terrorist group who planned to attack government targets in the late 1960s-early 1970s

27. This new law hoped to remove the veil of secrecy from some government operations.

28. They led a legal and armed march to city hall in Los Angeles in the 1960s.

29. This Nixon era legislation gave equal funding for women in education. It is often mentioned related to college athletics.

30. Because he railed against the ongoing protests and called for increased funding for police agencies, Nixon got this nickname