APTEEN: A Hybrid Protocol for Efficient Routing and Comprehensive Information

Retrieval in Wireless Sensor Networks

Arati Manjeshwar, Dharma P. Agrawaly

IPDPS’02

Speaker : Chi-Chih Wu

OutlineOutline

IntroductionIntroduction Hybrid Network Protocol : APTEENHybrid Network Protocol : APTEEN Performance EvaluationPerformance Evaluation ConclusionsConclusions

IntroductionIntroduction

Advantages of Wireless Sensor Network over Advantages of Wireless Sensor Network over wired oneswired ones Ease of deploymentEase of deployment Fault-toleranceFault-tolerance Self-organizationSelf-organization

Limitations of wireless mediaLimitations of wireless media Low bandwidthLow bandwidth Error prone transmissionsError prone transmissions Collision free channel access requirementsCollision free channel access requirements

IntroductionIntroductionLimited Energy

Longevity of the network

Below 40oF , north-east quadrant

average , north-east quadrant , last 5 hours

beyond 200oF , next 2 hours

Which Area , Between 40oF-200oF , past 2 hours

IntroductionIntroduction

QueriesQueries Historical queriesHistorical queries

What was the temperature 2 hours back in the northwest What was the temperature 2 hours back in the northwest quadrantquadrant

One-time queryOne-time query What is the temperature in the northwest quadrantWhat is the temperature in the northwest quadrant

PersistentPersistent Report the temperature in the northwest quadrant for the Report the temperature in the northwest quadrant for the

next 2 hoursnext 2 hours

IntroductionIntroduction

Wireless sensor network’s protocolWireless sensor network’s protocol Data centricData centric Capable of effective data aggregationCapable of effective data aggregation Distribute energy dissipation evenlyDistribute energy dissipation evenly Efficiently use their limited energy to increase the Efficiently use their limited energy to increase the

longevity of the networklongevity of the network Avoid any single point bottleneck (except BS)Avoid any single point bottleneck (except BS)

Hybrid Network Protocol : APTEENHybrid Network Protocol : APTEEN-Hybrid Networks-Hybrid Networks

Proactive NetworksProactive Networks The nodes periodically switch on their sensors and The nodes periodically switch on their sensors and

transmitters (LEACH)transmitters (LEACH) Reactive NetworksReactive Networks

The nodes react immediately to sudden changes in the The nodes react immediately to sudden changes in the value of a sensed attribute beyond a pre-determined value of a sensed attribute beyond a pre-determined threshold value (TEEN)threshold value (TEEN)

Hybrid NetworkHybrid Network APTEEN (Adaptive Periodic Threshold-sensitive Energy APTEEN (Adaptive Periodic Threshold-sensitive Energy

Efficient Sensor Network Protocol)Efficient Sensor Network Protocol)

BS

SN

SN

SN

SN

Sensing

communication

BS

SN

SN

SN

SN

Sensing sudden changessudden changes

Hybrid Network Protocol : APTEENHybrid Network Protocol : APTEEN-Sensor Network Model-Sensor Network Model

Hierarchical ClusteringHierarchical Clustering

HomogeneousLimited Energy

Adequate PowerTransmit directly to the sensor node

Hybrid Network Protocol : APTEENHybrid Network Protocol : APTEEN-Sensor Network Model-Sensor Network Model

Hierarchical ClusteringHierarchical Clustering

transmit only to CH

aggregationmost adjacent

larger distancereduce routing complexity

LEACH-CDecide CH (5%)Evenly distributeOptimally form cluster

Hybrid Network Protocol : APTEENHybrid Network Protocol : APTEEN-Adaptive Periodic Threshold-sensitive Energy -Adaptive Periodic Threshold-sensitive Energy

Efficient Sensor Network ProtocolEfficient Sensor Network Protocol CH first broadcasts the following parametersCH first broadcasts the following parameters

Attributes (A)Attributes (A) ThresholdsThresholds

Hard threshold (HT)Hard threshold (HT) Soft threshold (ST)Soft threshold (ST)

ScheduleSchedule TDMATDMA

Count TimeCount Time Proactive componentProactive component

Cluster formation

1.Cluster change time2.TDMA schedule and parameters

Frame time (TDMA) Frame time (TDMA) …

TC

Hybrid Network Protocol : APTEENHybrid Network Protocol : APTEEN-Adaptive Periodic Threshold-sensitive Energy -Adaptive Periodic Threshold-sensitive Energy

Efficient Sensor Network ProtocolEfficient Sensor Network Protocol Modified TDMA ScheduleModified TDMA Schedule

CDMA CDMA Inter-cluster collisionInter-cluster collision Common CDMA codeCommon CDMA code

CH -> BSCH -> BS BS -> NBS -> N

1.1.11.1.1 1.1.21.1.2 1.1.31.1.3 1.1.41.1.4 1.1.51.1.5 1.1.61.1.6 1.1.71.1.7 1.1.81.1.8 CH->BSCH->BS BS->NBS->N

1.11.1 1.21.2 1.31.3 1.41.4 1.51.5 CH->BSCH->BS BS->NBS->N

Frame Time

BS

CH

CH

Performance EvaluationPerformance Evaluation

Simulation EnvironmentSimulation Environment NS-2 simulatorNS-2 simulator 100 nodes100 nodes Area of 100 * 100 unitsArea of 100 * 100 units Fixed base stationFixed base station The nodes are place randomlyThe nodes are place randomly 0 – 200 0 – 200 ooFF Initial energy is 2JInitial energy is 2J Idle power dissipation (10% radio energy)Idle power dissipation (10% radio energy) Sensing power dissipation( 10% idle energy)Sensing power dissipation( 10% idle energy) Poisson arrival process of the arrival queriesPoisson arrival process of the arrival queries

Performance EvaluationPerformance Evaluation

Performance EvaluationPerformance Evaluation

Performance EvaluationPerformance Evaluation

ConclusionsConclusions

The hybrid protocol APTEENThe hybrid protocol APTEEN It combines the best features of both proactive and It combines the best features of both proactive and

reactive networksreactive networks Provides periodic data collection as well as near Provides periodic data collection as well as near

real-time warnings about critical eventsreal-time warnings about critical events

THANK YOUTHANK YOU