APRIL 17 – AP COMP GOV – DYNASTIC HISTORYAgenda:

• Comparison: Population Control in Iran and China

• Notes: Dynastic History of China

Homework:

• Read p. 285-296

• Country Briefs for Monday

Take out:

• Pen/Pencil

• Notebook

• Comparison of Iran/China population control

CHINA’S DYNASTIC HISTORY

ca. 5000 BCE-1901 CE

THE NEOLITHIC ERA – 5000-1500 BCE • Civilizations emerged

between 5000 and 4000 B.C. E. in the North China plain

• Hunted and worked with stone tools

• Produced jade artifacts and ceramic pottery

• People lived in small tribal settlements

SHANG DYNASTY – 1500-1000 BCE• The first Chinese state for

which clear written records remain

• United much of north central China

• Bronze weaponry strength of royal military

• First appearance of woven silk

ZHOU (CHOU) DYANSTY – 1027-256 BCE• 1027-ca 770 BC - Zhou dynasty

replaces Shang as dominant force across northern China

• Power extended across family lines to create aristocratic cities and principalities

• Confucianism and Taoism evolved

• Chinese literary tradition began

• Zhou state collapsed into chaos of Era of Warring States

CH’IN (QIN) DYNASTY – 221-206 BCE • King Ying Zheng Unites

much of the Chinese heartland• First ruler to use the title

"emperor" as Qin Shihuangdi ("First Qin Emperor")

• Begins massive construction projects:• First Great Wall of China• First official system of roadways

• Empire quickly collapses after his death

QIN - THE GREAT WALL AND THE TERRA-COTTA ARMY

HAN DYNASTY – 206 BCE-220 CE• First lasting state governing the

entire Chinese heartland

• First “golden age” marked by major inventions and progress • Invention of paper and glazed ceramics• Military expansion• Growth in economy• Centralization of government

• Promoted Confucian ideals as the state philosophy• Development of state tests• Bureaucratic civil-service system lasted

until early 20th century

• Buddhism introduce to parts of China

• Sought alliances with foreign powers• trade routes developed into the Silk road

SIX DYNASTIES – 220-586 CE• Collapse of Han state

results in nearly four centuries of division between competing dynasties• Wars, plagues, famine

• Political instability questioning Confucian ideals embrace Buddhism and Taoism• Ideas also spread by invention

of woodblock printing

SUI DYANSTY – 581-618• Short-lived dynasty

forcefully united central/southern China

• Marked by developments in agriculture and the promotion of Buddhism

• Development of southern China

T’ANG DYNASTY – 618-906 CE• Combined aggressive

military and economic expansion with political stability and creative achievement

• Encouraged both import and export trade along the Silk Road

• Seen as the second “Golden Age” of Chinese history

• Empire expands to central Asia

FIVE DYNASTIES – 907-960 CE• Politically and Militarily

unremarkable

• Dominated by political unrest – controlled by five short-lived dynasties

• Development of “China” – porcelain whiteware

NORTHERN SUNG (SONG) – 960-1126 CE• Third “Golden Age” - high

point of Chinese classical culture

• Philosophical and artistic development

• Political centralization

• Economic growth

• Scientific innovation

• Adoption of Neo-Confucianism as the official state ideology

SOUTHERN SUNG (SONG) – 1127-1279 CE• Invaders from Mongolia

drive Chinese Empire South

• Marked by unrest and military conflict

• Capital established at Hangzhou (Huangzhou)

• Trade and economy severely limited

MONGOL RULE – YUAN DYNASTY – 1280-1365 CE• Empire established by

Kublai Khan (grandson of Genghis)

• Reopen and expand international trade

• Marco Polo (et. al.) visit• Western interest in the East

begins

• Capital established at Beijing

THE MONGOLIAN EMPIRE

MING DYNASTY – 1368-1644 CE• Established sophisticated

agricultural and trade-based economy• Rise of a large middle-class• Treasure Ships – trade and

discovery

• Developed a strong centralized bureaucracy and military

• Great Wall of China completed

• Forbidden city constructed

CH’ING (QING) DYNASTY – 1644-1912 CE• 1644 - Manchu Qing Dynasty drives out

Ming. • Chinese empire reaches its zenith, with the

annexation of Tibet, Mongolia and present-day Xinjiang (Turkestan).

• 19th Century - Qing Dynasty begins a long decline. • Western powers impose "unequal treaties" that

create foreign concessions in China's ports. • Regional warlords rise as central government

atrophies.

• 1899-1901 - "Boxer Rebellion" in Northern China seeks to stifle reforms in the Qing administration, drive out foreigners and re-establish traditional rule. • Rebellion defeated by foreign intervention• With Western powers, Russia and Japan

extracted further concessions from weakened Qing government