Not For Further Dissemination 1April 13, 2004

Verimatrix / SiemensWatermarking Technology

Application

A presentation to the CPTWG

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Verimatrix in partnership with Siemens ICN is able to provide a video watermarking solution for the ‘analog hole’ based upon technology developed initially by the Fraunhofer Institute and licensed

by Verimatrix.

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Applied to the Analog Hole, the solution is:

a novel video watermarking technology application

highly viable as a video watermark:

Invisible – conveys CCI

Extremely reliable and robust

Multi-layered for excellent security

Highly resistant against sophisticated attack.

Economic for inclusion in low-cost codec chips for CE and IT devices

Overview

Intended for use in broadcast, cable, Intended for use in broadcast, cable, satellite, and fixed media applicationssatellite, and fixed media applications

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Platforms with Analog outputs

Device

Cable

Satellite

DVD Player

Internet

VCR

WM Detector

Analog Videowith Watermark

Digital Recorder

DVD R/RW

Copy rulesobeyedCopy rulesobeyed

Other A/D converters: DTV, PC, DVR, …

How it works

Analog

to

Digital

> >

WM Detector

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State Action Redistribution

“Copy Never” Copy not allowed Not allowed

“Copy Once” One Copy allowed Not allowed

“Do Not Play” Copy not permitted, display only through theatrical projector

Not allowed

“Copy Freely” Encrypted copy allowed Not allowed

CCI Primary States

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Intellectual Property

Patents:

– US: # 6,359,985 (with the priority date on Jun 16, 1995). This patent covers a set of digital watermarking methods, including a method for watermarking color or grayscale images or videos by slightly modifying coefficients in frequency representation (particularly in DCT domain) of digital data.

– Europe: EP 879535B1, DE 195 219 69 C1

– Pending in Japan, Canada, … (WO 97/00578 A1)

– Backed by Legal Opinions

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Technical Information

Frequency-based (DCT-based) perceptual modeling for best invisibility

Tightly-bound with the content of digital data cannot be lifted

Securely embedded multiple layer security

Watermark survives all kinds of video processing typically used in a professional environment:

copying, editing, further compression stages,

logo insertion, or conversion to the analog domain,

discoverable in Digital to Digital transcoding.

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MPEG Encoder Overview

Pre-processing

Input

Video

MotionEstimation

DCT QuantizationVariableLengthCoding

MPEG

Video

Output

Example of standard MPEG encoder

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MPEG Encoder withWatermark Insertion

Pre-processing

Input

Video

MotionEstimation

DCT QuantizationVariableLengthCoding

MPEG

Video

Output

Example of standard MPEG encoder with Watermark Inserter

W E A M T BE ER DM D

A E R R

K

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Position Sequence Generator

Watermark Embedding

System

Watermark Information (Payload)

Watermarked Data

OriginalData

Secret Key

Positions

Block-based DCT

Block-based IDCT

Watermark Embedding

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Watermark insertionusing DCT coefficients

212 65 0 0 312 785 0 0

0 0 0 244 72 16 17 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

DCT Coefficients (post Quantization)

212 65 0 0 312 785 0 0

0 0 0 244 72 18 17 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

DCT Coefficients (post Watermarking)

From the input DCT coefficients the

Ratio of the highlighted DCT values will be

used to add a watermark bit

For the bit being added - that the ratio of the two DCT values must be set such that the first bit is larger than the second bit. Meaning the bit value of 16 must be changed to be larger than 17. Depending on the perceptual model the value 17 could have been changed to 15 to establish the correct ratio.

W E A M T BE ER DM D

A E R R

K

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212 65 0 0 312 785 0 0

0 0 0 244 72 18 17 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

DCT Coefficients (post inverse quantization)

DETECTOR

Extracted watermark payload bits

is based on the ratio of the two highlighted

DCT coefficients

Watermark detectionusing DCT coefficients

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MPEG Decoder Overview

VariableLength

Decoding

MPEG

Input

InverseQuantization

IDCTPost

ProcessingOutput

Video

Example of standard MPEG decoder

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MPEG Decoder withWatermark Detector

VariableLength

Decoding

MPEG

InputInverse

QuantizationIDCT

PostProcessing

Output

Video

Example of standard MPEG decoder with Watermark Detector

W D A E T TE ER CM T A O

R R K

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Feature Summary

Watermarking can occur in DCT-based compressed video (MPEG1, MPEG2, MPEG4, H.264, WM9, other)

Detection in both compressed or non-compressed video

Watermarking each frame (may partially watermark P- or B- frames if direct watermarking in compressed data required)

Support for all MPEG1 and MPEG2 profiles: MP@ML, 4:2:2P@ML, and MP@HL, other

The MPEG-2 video materials can be:

– long GOP or I-frame only

– variable (VBR) or constant (CBR) bit rates

– Program Streams or Transport Streams

– 16:9 and 4:3 aspect ratios supported

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Feature Summary(cont.)

Very low false positive rate is achieved by aggregating watermark signals from video frames (in time domain)

Robust against, for example: D/A, A/D, and VHS conversion

Down to 200K bps Divx compression

Format conversion (PAL<->NTSC)

Scaling, shifting and cropping

Low-pass filtering

Noise addition

Invisibility: Passed several tests by professional independent

organizations

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Feature Summary(cont.)

Any bit rates from 500 Kbps (MPEG-4) up to 50 Mbps (MPEG-2, 4:2:2 profile @ main level)

High Level coding capabilities (HD)

PAL and NTSC supported

Codec independent

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“Tamper Proofing” Through Onion Skin “Peel-Away”

Watermark detectors look for one of several possible marks.

If one mark is compromised, detector can move to one of the alternate marks to restore usefulness.

Different marks could assert different codes.

Feature Summary(cont.)

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CompetitiveAdvantages

Low Insertion Overhead: watermark embedding can be performed on compressed MPEG (in DCT domain); up to 10x real time can be achieved

Low-cost: both watermark embedding and detection can be implemented in chips very economically; DCT/IDCT processing circuitry is very well known in video industry.

* * * Efficient * * *: To change CCI bits, watermarking of analog video will require an MPEG Encode. Verimatrix DCT watermarking does not require MPEG encode.

Robust: watermark survives common video processing such as recompression (e.g. to 200kbps), A/D and D/A, cropping

Invisible: DCT-based perceptual model, works in HD

Anti-lift: watermarks can’t be lifted from one image to another

Anti-filtering: watermark cannot be removed by analog or digital filtering

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Test Results

Successful Watermark Distortion Survivability:

Distortions:1. Interleave of 2 sources: 2 src files banded in avisynth (e and b)2. Rotation: Rotated 1 degree in vdub3. Cropping: cropped to remove traces of rotate4. Scaling: resize to 512 in vdub5. Compression: xvid encoding at 750kbps

Distortions:1. Interleave of 5 files: 5 src files banded in avisynth2. Low-pass filter: dctfilter in avisynth (1,1,1,.5,.5,0,0,0)3. Scaling: resize to 512 in vdub4.  Compression: xvid encoding at 750kbps

More data to be made available soon…

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Other attacks that the watermark will survive:

Aspect ratio changes

Cut several top/bottom lines

Divx conversion with cropping

Filtering

Averaging watermarked copies

Test Results (Cont.)

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DevelopmentSchedules

Core product commercially viable now

ARDG Analysis Matrix available

Development for application to Analog Hole, first testable prototype scheduled July 2004. Testing with lab environment to begin early August

Chip development work, and improvements (enhancements) currently scheduled to meet goal of end of Summer 2004 for complete cycle

Closed Security Audit scheduled at end of cycle by third party auditing agency

Marks to be licensed for all business models

No royalties to be requested of CE and IT product implementers

25 Year Tariff lifetime

Full mark maintenance plan

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Conclusion

Proven and available technology

Invisible and robust mark

Known use royalties for all models

Low cost detection - no MPEG encode needed

HD capable

Total dedication to maintaining the effectiveness of the mark

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Presentation Addendum

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DVD Authoring adding CCI information

Standard MPEGEncode

Processing

Input

Video

CCI WatermarkAdded to

Video

MPEG Video Output with

Embedded CCI

CCI Watermark information is added to video after standard MPEG Encoding Process.

The CCI Watermark can be added to any video before golden master is ready for DVD production, or master video is ready for distribution

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False Detection Error Rate

System False Detection Rate can be predetermined using error detection and correction codes (CRCs, BCH, Turbocodes)

Detector can integrate watermark over several frames to build strength of watermark

False detection error rates of 10-5 to 10-9 can be achieved