Chemistry

Don’t Forget

This Friday 4/30 – Final day to submit your Wild 5K participation for Portfolio

Star/Renaissance Test – Make sure to sign up with your homeroom teacher

May 14th – Temporary Zero if you have not completed Sem B Check In Call

June 15th – Deadline for reworks, missing labs/portfolios

June 17th – Last day for all course work

June 18th – Enjoy your Suuuummmmeeerrrrr!!!

Sig Fig Check Up

25.891 -12.2 = ?

=13.691

add/subtract rule – sig figs until least precise decimal place

one place past decimal

= 13.7

10.02 / 2.59

=3.8687

10.02 = 4 sig figs

2.59 = 3 sig figs

solution can only have 3 sig figs

= 3.87

O Chem Adventures Begin

Don’t Panic

I don’t make you memorize

Take detailed notes and work through problems slowly and methodically!

Hydrocarbons are base of majority of organic matter

Hydrocarbon – molecule made entirely of hydrogen and carbon atoms

Organic compound – molecules that contain carbon atoms covalently bonded to other carbon atoms, and commonly hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms

Carbon Behavior

Carbon has how many valence electrons?

It likes to form four covalent bonds with other atoms

You will have to think all the way back to Lewis structures

What happens when Carbon bonds with Oxygen and Hydrogen?

C and O are larger and therefore will almost always be central atoms

Double bond will form because it is best way to make all atoms have full octet

Hydrogen fills in the gaps

Skeletal Formulas

Every point on chain is a C (carbon atom)

Every C on the end has 3H bonded to it

Every C in chain has 2H bonded to it

Count the number of C and H in this compound:

Carbon Chain NamesSkeletal Formula

does not have one

Classifying HydrocarbonsType of C-C bonds

Single

Double

Triple

Benzene ring is baseC6H6

Don’t forget Triple Bonds are Linear

Because the electrons are shared the between 6 electrons it is very strong and keeps structure linear

Alkyl Group – The Substituents

Alkyl group is formed by removing one hydrogen from the alkane chain

This allows for additional bonds with other atoms

Naming Rules for Hydrocarbons

SubstituentName

Atoms in bond Structural Formula Skeletal Formula Representation

Methyl -CH3 1 line

Ethyl -CH2-CH3 2 lines

Propyl -CH2-CH2-CH3 3 lines

name = 2-methylpentane

name = 2-ethylbutane

name = 4-propylheptane

Find longest Carbon Chain – number carbons in chain

◦ Count always starts with side that will have smaller number connected to substituent

Determine if carbon chain is : ane, ene, or ayne by the type of C-C bonds

Determine the name of the attached group called substituent

◦ If more than one of same group apply di or tri with substituent name

Put number and names in alphabetical order or substituents (ie ethyl goes first!)

SubstituentName

Atoms in bond Structural Formula Skeletal Formula Representation

Isopropyl -CH-CH3

|CH3

Y shaped

Butyl -CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 Multiple Forms and won’t need to know until you take O - Chem in college

Pentyl -CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

Hexyl -CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

name = 4-isopropylheptane