Final Exam Review KEY and notesSupplemental InstructionIowa State University

Leader: MattCourse: BIOL 211(1)

Instructor: Biederman/RaichDate: 12/7/16

Unit 1

1.) Which of the following is the best definition of a theory?a. An educated guess.b. A broad explanation for natural phenomena supported by lots of evidence.c. An observation of the supernatural world.d. A specific, known fact to support the phenomena of the natural world.

2.) What is metabolism?a. A form of reproduction in protists.b. The transformation of light into energy.c. The chemical reactions carried out by cells.d. The process of producing proteins.

3.) All the following are characteristics of all living organisms except:a. Replicationb. Response to the environmentc. Informationd. Metabolisme. Cellsf. All the above are characteristics

4.) Which of the following is the correct way to write a scientific name?a. Canis Lupisb. Canis Lupisc. Canis lupis d. Canis lupise. Canis Lupis f. A and Eg. C and D

5.) An educated guess about an observation, creating a non-testable and non-falsifiable opinion is better known as a hypothesis.

a. Trueb. False

6.) The alternation of generations:a. Produces a sporophyte from spores.b. Contains a heterokaryotic stage.c. Does not occur in all living organisms.

1060 Hixson-Lied Student Success Center v 515-294-6624 v sistaff@iastate.edu v http://www.si.iastate.edu

d. Produces a gametophyte from gametes.

7.) A ____________ produces __________, while a ___________ produces ____________ through the alternation of generations.

a. Gametophyte; spores; sporophyte; gametesb. Gamete; gametophyte; sporophyte; sporesc. Gametophyte; gametes; spores; sporophyted. Gametophyte; gametes; sporophyte; spores

8.) An organism that carries and disperses a pathogenic organism to a host organism is aa. Pathogenb. Vectorc. Eukaryoted. None of the above

9.) Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotes, but not eukaryotes?a. They have DNAb. They have mitochondriac. They have ribosomesd. They do not have organelles

10.)Using the phylogenetic tree below, which organism is more closely related to the Cheetah?

a. Asian leopard catb. African wild catc. Cougard. Bobcat

11.)Prokaryotes and eukaryotes both contain genomes, however prokaryotic genomes __________.a. Are composed of half the amount of DNA as eukaryotic genomes.b. Have twice the amount of proteins as eukaryotic genomes.c. Are single, circular chromosomes.

d. Have DNA that is contained within a membrane-bound nucleus.

12.)Which of the following is a characteristic of all cells?a. All cells have energy-producing mitochondriab. All cells have ribosomes to create proteinsc. All cells have DNA contained within a nucleusd. All cells contain all the above

13.)Multicellular organisms:a. Contain cells that can specialize for individual functionsb. Can only grow to the size of an adult humanc. Obtain most of their oxygen through diffusion of the skind. All the above

14.)The Cell Theory contains three components. One of the components is:a. All cells come from the pre-existing cells of the heart of the organism.b. All organisms are composed of cells, but not the products of the cells.c. Cells are the most basic units of life.d. All the above are part of the Cell Theory.

15.) Primary producers are organisms that a. Produce chemical energy by photosynthesis.b. Are at the top of the food web.c. Produce almost all the carbon dioxide that is fixed on Earth.d. None of the above.

16.)Which of the following is true about a phylogenetic tree?a. A phylogenetic tree only shows extinct, not extant organisms.b. A phylogenetic tree is a hypothesis, not a fact.c. A phylogenetic tree does not show descent through time.d. All the above are true.

17.)The Endosymbiont Theory describesa. How organelles appeared in eukaryotic cells from bacterial cells.b. How mitochondria are descendants from photosynthetic bacteria.c. How host cells contain two different sets of DNA.d. All the above are described by the Endosymbiont Theory.

18.)When referring to metabolic diversity, which of the following is an advantage prokaryotes have over eukaryotes?

a. Aerobic respirationb. Decompositionc. Nitrogen fixationd. Photosynthesis

19.)Sexual reproduction results ina. Offspring that are genetically identical to the parents, and therefore will survive just as

they did.b. A greater rate of survival in a constant environment because they will only evolve to be

better adapted.c. More offspring being produced compared to asexual reproduction.d. A better chance of survival in an evolving environment.

20.)Haploid and diploid conditions alternate in ______ sexual life cycles, but alternation of generations only applies to life cycles in which ____________________.

a. All; both stages are unicellularb. All; both stages are multicellularc. Some; one stage is multicellular and one stage is unicellulard. Some; both stages are unicellular

Unit 2

21.) All animals are:a. Radially symmetricb. Coelomatesc. Heterotrophicd. All the above

22.) On the phylogenetic tree, a body cavity appears at the same time as Bilaterians. Which of the following is a true statement regarding body cavities?

a. True coelomates have tissue that lines only the ectoderm.b. Pseudocoelomates are organisms that have a fluid-filled cavity that is completely lined

with tissue.c. Acoelomates are organisms that are packed with tissue and therefore do not have a

cavity.d. A and B only

23.)During what part of development does the difference between a protostome and a deuterostome occur?

a. Cleavageb. Blastocoel formationc. Blastula formationd. Gastrulation

24.) Sponges are considered animals, but they:a. Have both radial and bilateral symmetryb. Lack true tissuesc. Lack cellsd. Are autotrophs

25.)Cnidarians have a _______________ which is used for digestion, but only has one opening for ingestion and excretion.

a. Gastrovascular cavityb. Intestinal systemc. Stomachd. Cephalopod

26.)Which is the intermediate host in the following diagram?

a. Dogb. Sheepc. Humand. B and C

Not a great question, hard to interpret

27.)In a parasitic life cycle, reproduction occurs:a. In the intermediate host.b. In the final host.c. Outside of the host’s body.d. In both the intermediate and final hosts.

Intermediate host is where a parasite transitions or changes form

28.)All vertebrates have all the following characteristics except:a. Vertebral columnb. Craniumc. Jawsd. All the above are characteristics of all vertebrates.e. None of the above are characteristics of vertebrates.

Hagfish and lampreys

29.)Annelids have segmented bodies that allows __________________.a. Increased surface area for gas exchange.b. Protection of the internal organs.c. Specialization of the body parts.d. Easy mobility.

30.)Which of the following traits occur on the phylogeny at the same time as bilateral symmetry?I. cephalizationII. triploblasticIII. diploblasticIV. gastrovascular cavityV. coelomateVI. complete digestive system

a. III, IVb. II, IV, Vc. II, V, VId. I, III, IVe. I, II, V

31.)The main characteristic of Ecdysozoans is:a. The formation of a head.b. The shedding of an exoskeleton.c. Segmentationd. The formation of a gastrovascular cavity.

32.)Why is it important that parasites produce a lot of offspring?a. Because the parasites have a very short gestation period.b. Because the likelihood that the offspring all survive and reach the final host is low.c. Because the likelihood that the offspring all survive and reach the final host is high.d. Because the parasites want to parasitize the host cell and kill it.

33.) Arthropods shed their chitin exoskeleton, while nematodes shed their collagen exoskeleton. Which clade do these organisms belong to?

a. Cnidariab. Lophotrochozoac. Ecdysozoad. Deuterostomia

34.)During the development of chordates, all organisms have the following characteristics except:a. Dorsal hollow nerve cordb. Post-anal tailc. Spinal columnd. Pharyngeal slits

35.)Which of the following organisms evolved first?a. Fishb. Birdsc. Turtlesd. Opossums

Fish about 400 myago, birds 150 myagoUnit 3

36.)Gymnosperms are more closely related to ____________.a. Angiospermsb. Vascular seedless plants

c. Bryophytesd. Green algae

37.)When you’re out hunting for mushrooms on a damp, cool morning, you notice a fuzzy green plant on the side of a tree. You know that this plant is a moss, and you are looking at the ___________.

a. Sporophyteb. Gametophytec. Heterokaryotic staged. Zygote

38.)The plant most commonly known for its flowers is the:a. Coniferb. Fernc. Bryophyted. Angiosperm

39.)Seedless, vascular plants may include which of the following?a. Fernsb. Mossc. Liverwortsd. Gnetophytes

40.)Flowers are associated with ________, while seeds are associated with __________.a. Fertilization; Pollinationb. Pollination; absorptionc. Fertilization; absorptiond. Pollination; fertilization

41.)The evolutionary influence of two unrelated species on each other is called:a. Adaptationb. Coevolutionc. Symbiosisd. Microevolution

42.)A bee comes across this very aromatic plant and dips down to drink the nectar. The bee accidentally falls into the pit. The only way out is to crawl through a tiny opening on the side of the plant. As the bee is wedged in the opening, the plant clamps down and attaches a pollen packet to the bee’s back. The plant is participating in

a. A pollination techniqueb. A reproductive techniquec. A fertilization techniqued. A predation technique

43.)The gametophyte generation of plants produces _________ and is ___________.a. Gametes; haploidb. Gametes; diploidc. Spores; haploidd. Spores; diploid

44.)An endosperm is the product of _____________ which results in a ploidy level of ____.a. Coevolution; 4Nb. Coevolution; 3Nc. Double fertilization; 4Nd. Double fertilization; 3N

1(N) sperm + 2(N) polar bodies45.)Vascular tissue in plants allows

a. The sperm to exit the plant in order to fertilize the egg.b. Water and nutrients to flow throughout the plant.c. Sunlight to enter the plant.d. Pollinators to extract the pollen.

46.)The ________ are best known for their cones, whereas the ____________ are best known for their flowers and fruits.

a. Angiosperms; gymnospermsb. Bryophytes; angiospermsc. Gymnosperms; angiospermsd. Gymnosperms; bryophytes

47.)Which of the following are ways to study land plant evolution?a. By using morphologyb. By using molecular phylogeniesc. By using the fossil recordd. All the above are ways to study land plant evolutione. None of the above, these are ways to study a population

48.)Fruit arises from the __________.a. Sepalb. Antherc. Ovaryd. Carpel

49.)Which of the following is not a type of ploidy level in fungi?a. Haploid (N)b. Diploid (2N)c. Dikaryotic (N+N)d. Polykaryotic (N+N+N)

50.)All fungi:I. Are autotrophs

II. Have collagen cell wallsIII. Have nonmotile spermIV. Are heterotrophsV. Have chitin cell walls

VI. Have filamentous bodies

a. I, II, VIb. II, III, V, VI

c. III, IV, V, VId. I, III, V, VI

51.)Which structure/stage is included in both the asexual and sexual life cycle of fungi?a. Plasmogamyb. Heterokayotic stagec. Karyogamyd. Spore-producing structure

Everything else is only in sexual life cycle. Asexual is all mitosis52.)During the cell cycle of fungi, the heterokaryote fuses ______________ during ______________.

a. Nuclei; plasmogamyb. Cytoplasm; plasmogamyc. Nuclei; karyogamyd. Cytoplasm; karyogamy

Technically not a heterokaryote until after the cytoplasm has fused in plasmogamy53.)A symbiotic relationship is important in the survival of many species. A good example of a

symbiotic relationship is a lichen, which involvesa. Fungi and bacteriab. Archaea and bacteriac. Fungi and green algaed. Archaea and green algae

54.)Fungi are:a. Plantsb. Animalsc. Both plants and animalsd. Neither plants nor animals

55.)Fungi are characterized by their:a. Colorb. Reproductive structuresc. Functionsd. Location in the environment

Asco, basidio56.)Just like prokaryotes are highly important for nitrogen fixation, what are fungi important for?

a. The carbon cycleb. The oxygen revolutionc. Nitrogen fixationd. Pollination

Important decomposers of lignin57.)What is the dominant ploidy level of fungi?

a. Haploidb. Diploidc. Heterokaryoticd. None of the above

N for all except when plasmogamy and karyogamy occur to make N+N and 2NUnit 4

58.)Mitosis occurs ___________, but meiosis occurs __________.a. In all cells except the gonads; outside the body.

b. In only the gonads; Everywhere elsec. In all cells except the gonads; only in the gonadsd. Outside the body; only in the gonads

59.)What percent of your DNA is paternal?a. 100%b. 75%c. 50%d. 25%e. 0%

Paternal, not parental60.)What is uncontrolled cell growth called?

a. Metastasisb. Malignantc. Benignd. Cancer

61.)During which checkpoint of the cell cycle is the DNA checked for proper replication?a. G1 phaseb. G2 phasec. Metaphased. Telophase

62.)A cancer cell appears in the breast of a 29-year-old woman. At this stage, the tumor is malignant and could move to the lymph nodes. What is the tumor doing when it moves to a different location?

a. Radiatingb. Metastasizingc. Dyingd. Lysing

Not a good question, we didn’t learn bout this63.)At the end of mitosis you end up with ____ daughter cells that are _________ to the parent cell.

a. 2; identicalb. 4; identicalc. 2; differentd. 4; different

64.)Mendel believed in evolution via ________. On the other hand, Darwin believed evolution occurred through __________.

a. Genetics; reproductionb. Genetics; selectionc. Selection; geneticsd. Selection; reproduction

65.)An allele that is recessive will express its trait:a. even with a dominant allele present.b. only if two dominant alleles are present.c. only if another recessive allele is present.d. never.

66.)If a homozygous red (R) plant is crossed with a homozygous white (r) plant, what ratio of the plant population will be red compared to white?

a. 4:0b. 3:1c. 2:2d. 1:3

67.)In a cross of pea plants, round (R) is dominant to wrinkled (r) and green (G) is dominant to yellow (g). What is the percent of round, yellow pea plants in the F1 generation after crossing a heterozygous round, yellow plant with a wrinkled, heterozygous green plant?

a. 0/16b. 4/16c. 8/16d. 10/16

68.)Incomplete dominance occurs when two alleles do not independently separate. During this cross, a red plant (R) and a white plant (r) create all pink plants. What would happen if you cross a pink plant with a white plant?

a. You would get all pink plantsb. You would get half pink plants half white plantsc. You would get all white plantsd. You would get all red plants again

Unit 5

69.) Darwin proposed a Theory of Natural Selection that includes four postulates. Which of the following are part of his postulates?

a. The individual organisms in a population are identical in all their traits.b. Very few of the traits are heritable.c. Many more offspring are produced than can survive.d. The organisms that survive and reproduce are selected at random.

70.) Evolution is all of the following except:a. A population processb. A multiple generation processc. A theory about the origin of lifed. Theory about how life changed after it was created

71.)What is the study of how populations change over time?a. Microevolutionb. Population geneticsc. Population ecologyd. Coevolution

Ecology would deal more with interations, not a great question either72.)Natural selection acts on the ________, while evolution acts on the ___________.

a. Individual; geneticsb. Genetics; populationc. Population; individuald. Individual; population

73.)In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, what does the q2 represent?a. The homozygous dominant genotypeb. The heterozygous genotypec. The homozygous recessive genotyped. None of the above

74.)There are five factors that must be met in order to use the H-W equation. Which of the following is not included in the criteria?

a. No migrationb. Very large populationc. No random matingd. No mutations

75.)Genetic drift can:a. Lose genetic variability in small populations.b. Lead to “allele fixation.”c. Change allele frequencies unpredictably.d. All the above.

76.)What is it called when a population with large genetic variability suddenly dies off and the genetic variability is drastically reduced?

a. Founder Effectb. Stabilizing Selectionc. Bottleneck Effectd. Balancing Selection

77.)Which type of natural selection warrants favoring the survival of two or more genotypes?a. Directional Selectionb. Stabilizing Selectionc. Diversifying Selectiond. Balancing Selection

78.)Speciation is:a. The evolution of existing species.b. The origin of new species.c. The coevolution of two species.d. The origin of life.

79.)The ___________ barriers act prior to the formation of a zygote, preventing mating or fertilization. The __________ barriers act after the formation of a zygote, preventing the zygote from developing or reproducing.

a. Habitat; gameteb. Post-zygotic; gametec. Pre-zygotic; habitatd. Pre-zygotic; post-zygotic

80.)Which of the following is defined by the biological species concept?a. The individuals cannot be between more than one population.

b. The individuals cannot have the change to interbreed in nature.c. The offspring have to be viable.d. The offspring have to be created outside of nature’s abilities.

81.)Which of the following are limitations of the Biological Species Concept?a. Geography may keep species from having the chance to mate.b. Cannot test in fossil species.c. Does not apply to asexual reproducing species.d. All the above.

Unit 682.)Ecology is the study of

a. The interactions between organisms and their environment.b. How organisms evolve over time.c. How the environment changes over time.d. The genetic variations in a population.

83.)___________ ecology focuses on the flow of energy and cycling of chemical elements among organisms within a community, between populations, and with the environment.

a. Organismalb. Ecosystemc. Globald. Population

84.)_____________ ecology has two sub disciplines: physiological and behavioral ecology.a. Organismalb. Populationc. Communityd. Global

85.)Which of the following is not a factor that affects the distribution of organisms?a. Habitat selectionb. Biotic factorsc. Dispersal abilityd. Abiotic factorse. All the above are factors

86.)An example of an abiotic factor includes all the following except:a. Waterb. Other speciesc. Temperatured. Wind

87.)Which of the following is the most important factor in the distribution of organisms?a. Temperatureb. Availability of lightc. Windd. Salinity and pH

e. Availability of waterNot a great question ^

88.)Which of the following is true?a. Wind can diminish the temperature’s effect on species distribution.b. Rainfall is not very important to species distribution.c. Temperature can cause some organisms to inaccurately regulate body temperature.d. All plants need the same amount of light radiation.

89.) How does solar radiation effect the temperature?a. As solar radiation goes up, temperature goes up.b. As solar radiation goes up, temperature goes down.c. There is no correlation between solar radiation and temperature.d. Solar radiation is dependent on the temperature.

90.)Select the correct pathway of air circulation.a. Air heats, falls to the ground, creates rainb. Air falls to the ground, heats at the ground, creates rainc. Air heats at the ground, creates rain as it rises, cools as it fallsd. Air cools as it rises, creates rain, falls to the ground as it heats

91.)The climate is the prevailing weather pattern in a region. Which of the following is not a component of climate?

a. Temperatureb. Precipitationc. Salinityd. Winde. Light

92.)A group of organisms of the same species that live in the same area at the same time is called a:a. Speciesb. Populationc. Communityd. Ecosystem

93.) What is a population of populations that are connected by migration?a. Communityb. Metapopulationc. Micropopulationd. Ecosystem

94.)The smallest unit to evolve is the ____________.a. Organismb. Speciesc. Populationd. Community

95.)Which of the following are population attributes?a. Sizeb. Density

c. Distributiond. Sex ratiose. All the abovef. None of the above

96.)Population size is defined as:a. The geographic distribution of a species.b. The number of individuals in a population.c. The number of individuals per unit area.d. How individuals within a population are spatially arranged.

97.)On a logistic growth model, as the population size becomes larger than the maximum holding capacity, what will happen to the population?

a. It will increaseb. It will decreasec. It will remain constant

98.)If a population of 100,000 ducks has a birth rate of 20% and a death rate of 10%, what will the population be next year?

a. 90,000b. 100,000c. 110,000d. 120,000

99.)All of the following are types of dispersion patterns, but which one is a positive interaction among individuals?

a. Random dispersionb. Clumped dispersionc. Uniform dispersion

100.) The study of factors that determine the size and structure of populations through time is called ___________.

a. Ecologyb. Biologyc. Morphologyd. Demography

101.) In order for a population to ___________, you must have births and immigration. In order for a population to ___________ you must have mortality and emigration.

a. Remain the same; growb. Grow; declinec. Decline; remain the samed. Decline; grow

102.) According the Survivorship Curve, when infant mortality is _______, individuals have ________ lifespans.

a. High; longb. Low; longc. Infant mortality is never correlated with lifespan duration.

ON AVERAGE103.) If a life history pattern consists of living fast and dying young, which of the following

would occur?a. Low maternal careb. High juvenile mortalityc. Rapid growth and maturationd. All the abovee. None of the above

104.) Why do species compete with one another?a. Resources are limited.b. They want to provide for one another.c. Resources are abundant, but species harm one another.d. A and C

Don’t know if I agree with this 100%. Niche partitioning105.) What is it called when an organism kills and consumes another organism?

a. Competitionb. Parasitismc. Predationd. Mimicry

106.) A ____________ is all the populations that interact in a certain environment.a. Speciesb. Populationc. Communityd. Ecosystem

107.) Which of the following attribute to the community?a. Species compositionb. Trophic structurec. Species richnessd. Species abundancee. All the above

108.) There are four hypotheses that name factors that influence species richness. Out of the four, which of the following states that more productivity should create more species?

a. Timeb. Spacec. Resource supplyd. Disturbances

109.) When a cattle egret is sitting upon a cow, waiting for the cow to kick up grasshoppers, the cow and the egret are participating in which kind of interaction?

a. Commensalismb. Competitionc. Consumptiond. Mutualism

110.) Consumption can be broken up into three different categories. Which of the following is not one of those categories?

a. Predationb. Herbivoryc. Parasitismd. Mimicry

111.) Aposematic mimicry involves:a. A harmless species looking like a harmful species.b. A harmful species looking like another harmful species.c. A warning coloration.d. A mating tactic.