. ·

1864-5.

VICTORIA .

QUARANTINE.

COPY Appendices to the Report of the Board appointed to enquire into the Quarantine Regulations, and in regard to the Golden Empire, being further Return to an Order of

the Legislative Assembly, dated 6th July, 1865, for the Report of the Commission appointed to enquire into the Quarantine of the Golden Empire, and generally on the

management of the Sanatory Station.

(JJr. GirdlestO'rl.-eJ

Ordered by the Legislative Assembly to be printed, 28th November, 1865.

Estimated cost or preparation Printing

APPROXIMATE COST OF RETURN.

DETAlLED PAII.TICULARs,

TOTAL

APPENDIX No. 2.

Michael Donovan, passenger per Golden Empire.

AMOUNT.

£ I' •. ~ d. 3 15 i 4

18 ' 12 8 __ , __ .• I 24 I 8 I 0

Savs that three weeks before landing fever broke out. The ship was not kept clean. liiichaei Donovan Fever firs"t appeared under forecastle. There was a bad smell on board. The water in the patient, ll1el·

• • • bourne Hospital barrels was stmkmg ; the water got from the engmeer was good. The allowance was one quart daily ; not half enough; could drink three quarts a day on passing the lino. Had orders from the purser to keep the berths clean, but no examination was made. The sick men were delirious, and could not be kept in their beds ; one man drowned himself in quarantine.

Says he had headache on the day he left the quarantine station for Melbourne, and took ill the day after his arrival there. The passengers had no beds in quarantine ; they complained that they had not half enough to eat. The doctor never came near them. He was not examined on leaving quarantine. The passengers said it was the filth that caused the fever on board, nnd the frightful smell from the water before landing.

Michael Con'Way, passenger per Golden Empire.

Fever broke out four or five weeks before landing among the male passengers between Micllael conway,

decks. Purser and first mate gave instructions to clean the between decks. Had permission to ~~~\~!f.tlon take up the beds on deck, which was done two or three times altogether. The surgeon pnss<!d between decks every morning. There was a foul smell between decks-not always. Had very bad water; it smelt very bad. Used vinegar and lime-juice. Had too little water. One of the compartments about the middle of the ship, in which eight men slept, wa!:! in a very filthy condition, and in this compartment the fever first broke out ; three or four cases occurred iu it. Was eight or nine days in quarantine. Was not examined by any one. I saw Dr. Callan, who did not speak to him. Was quite well when he arrived in Melbourne. His clothes were not washed nor purified. Used the same bedding, not the tick, in quarantine. The bedding was washed by order of the doctor three days before leaving for Melbourne.

NOTE.-No. I Is the Report ofthe Board, which has already been laid on th~ Table.

C-No. 42."'"'

;~: \ ;

2

Richard Roberts, worked his passage per Golden Empire.

Richard Roberts. Was quite well when he landed. His clothes and bedding were not washed. Saw Dr. Callan on board when the between decks were smoked. The next day the forecastle was fumigated with some white substance, and some liquid out of a jug. During this all the men, including two sick, left for the deck. The clothing and blankets of the seamen on the forecastle were not touched. The saloon and the between decks were shut up for two hours for fumigation. Frederick Kettle Wa'S removed from the ship to the quarantine, and witness took his bed for five days, and eight days afterwards was attacked. After leaving the Quarantine Station the passengers were two days on board before landing at Sandridge. Was some.time between decks on Sundays. The smell was dreadful. If the doctor had asked him before leaving the quarantine if he was well he would have said yes.

IV. McNair; passenger per Golden Empire.

WlDl&m McNair. Was in good health when he left the Quarantine Station. Blankets and sheets were washed tl1ree duys before leaving the station. Personal clothes were not washed. Was not inspected or examined or seen by any doctor before leaving the quarantine. Was ten days on shore before being attacked. The floors of the sleeping rooms were washed every morning. Purser's mate attended to this. In some parts there was a smell ; in other parts none. The bedding was very seldom taken out ; only once or twice. The water smelt .

. Frederick Ring, passenger in the Golden Empire.

F. Ring. Took his bed and blankets on shore and used them for three or four days before they were washed. Was not examined before leaving. Felt ill for three days when first landed at the Quarantine Station, but recovered without seeing the doctor, and was well when he left. A German who died in the hospital was sick all the time that he was at the Quarantine Station, wa)l seen by the captain who said that he had not the fever. Altl10ugh he was suffering from vomiting aud headache, he did not report himself to the doctor. He had a sore finger at this time, for which the doctor attended him for three days. The German's blankets wet·e not washed us he was confined chiefly to bed. Witness slept on the floor without bedding. Was on shore eight days before he was attacked. The ship appeared to him to be very clean, and the air pure after leaving the Quarantine Station.

Jesse McLeod, Matron on board the Golden Empire.

JessfeMcLeod. Two females were affected with the fever, one of whom was convalescent when the ship was put in quarantine. Was eight or nine days at the station. Her own bedding and that of the other females were taken on shore. The blankets and sheets were washed, and the ticks of the private feather bed. The washing was commenced the day after the landing, and was con­tinued up to the time the ship left for Sandridge. Those things that were not washed were put into a heated room. The doctor visited the passengers occasionally. There was no muster previous to going on board, nor any examination. The doctor made no enquiry as to whether there were any sick persons. There was none had bad headache the first day of quarantine.

There were printed regulations put up in the ship for cleansing; There was no illness for six weeks at the commencement of the voyage. Mrs. Ives had fever early. Witness's own compartments were kept clean. The married people's compartments were clean. The single men's were not so clean as hers. vVas seven days on shore before being attacked with headache, and afterwards fever. Dr. Callan seemed very well pleased with her compartments, which were not washed but fumigated by order of Dr. Callan.

Helen Scanlan, passenger in Golden Empire.

Helen Scanlan. ',y as eight or nine days at Quarantine Station. Bedding, blankets, and sheets were taken on shore. Two or three days before going on board the ticks and clothes were washed or fumigated. All the other people had their things washed in the same way. Was not examined by the doctor. There was a bad smell came up the hatches from the single men's compartments. Is twelve years of age.

T.~~ ., ,,..,..,..., e L··~.··· . ''"'rar 0 •; ~ 0

Y, Par!ia,..' ,.,,. '·'' • "'6flt ot-vz·:.

Cfor/11

APPENDIX No. 3.

The members qf tke Board visited the Quarantine Station on the 17th February instant, inspected the station, and took tlte following evidence :-

~

Dr. Callan stated that he was the medical officer in charge of the station, that he had Dr. cauan.

absolute charge of the place. When the health officer put a ship in quarantine she was at once brought into the quarantine ground. The stuff of thestation consisted of himself, a storekeeper, two .Jaborers and a female nurse. The accommodation consisted of five buildings c~tpable of holdmg one hundred persons each. There was no special accommodation for first-class passengers. There are two small cook houses. There are five double privies, each two hundred yards from the buildings ; there is no other accommodation of this nature. Order is kept by ten constables under a sergeant. The healthy passengers of a ship are permitted to wander about at will. The single women are locked in at dark. The station supplies clothes, bed, bedding, and food to the sick only ; the healthy passengers are provided by the ship or themselves. The working of the station can be shown by describing the proceedings with the Golden Empire ship. She was placed in quarantine by the health officer on the 2nd of ,January last. So soon as she arrived in the Bay I went on board of her. I mustered the passengers; I found that many of them had typhus fever. I removed all the sick at once on shore and placed them in hospital. Their clothing, bedding, &c., was left on board until the next day, when it was taken on shore, washed and fumigated. The rest of the passengers were landed the next day. They brought with them their clothes, bedding, bed and mattresses. After two or three days we commenced to wash and purify the bedding and clothing of each at the rate of about fifty per diem ; until they were all completed nothing was done to the mattresses of straw and seaweed ; they were occupied by the passengers all the time they were in quarantine, left behind and destroyed when they were released. The cleaning, &c., of the clothes and bedding was not so systematically done, but what some of them may not have escaped altogether. It is the duty of the storekeeper to see to its being properly done. I did not muster the healthy passengers daily to see if any were ill ; I went through each building and enquired if there were any sick. The ship was released from quarantine on the 12th of January after a detention· of ten days. I did not muster the healthy passengers to see if there were any sick before they left ; but I stood on the pier and looked at them as they embarked. I did not muster any sick ; they all went on board the Golden Empire, and went up to the Bay. Such passengers as had beds took them on board again with them ; the ticking having been washed when on shore, but nothing was done to the feathers or hair. Those who merely had straw mattresses went without beds for the rest of the time they were on board the ship. The crew were not taken out of the ship except three who had fever. No precautions were taken to prevent the other seamen from occupying the vacant births of the fever patients. The whole ship was fumigated and worked as directed by the regulations ; I saw to this myself. The clothes and bedding of the crew was all taken out of the forecastle in about four days and washed and fumigated.

Two cases of fever occurred on the Sanatory Station to persons nursing their relatives. One of the cases was fatal. The fever was true contagious typhus, such as I have seen in Ireland.

Dr. Reed placed the Southern Ocean ship in quarantine on the ninth instant. I went Southern OcMn.

on board and examined the passengers, I found no sick, and reported that to be the ease. I was then instructed from Melbourne, to go on board again and make a thorough inspection of · the passengers with Dr. Reed. This we did. '\Ve passed all the passengers round the binnaele, and stopped any whose appearance we did not like. We selected thirteen in this way. We found their tongues foul and their pulses quick,. more especially the women. We thought these were symptoms of fever. I took charge of them and placed them in hospital. I liked their appearance better the next day. I did not put them under any treatment. I found them all quite well. The rest of the passengers were landed and are here now. They are all quite well. The ship and clothing was treated in the same manner as the Golden Empire.

I am the Captain of the Southern Ocean ship. I was placed in quarantine on the ninth Capta1n Cl'l>M",

instant. There has been no fever or other contagious disease in the ship the whole voyage. Southern Ocean.

We had thirteen deaths. I do not know why the ship was placed in quarantine. Two surgeons came on board and passed all the passengers before them round the binnacle.

They seleded 13 as sick. I knew those selected with the exception of two persons with con­sumption, they are quite well and have been so the whole voyage. I should have taken them as the most active and healthy persons in the ship if I had been selecting. The detention of the ship will cost me at least £500.

I am the surgeon of the Sout,'tern Ocean ship. There has been no fever or other Southern ocea11, contagious disease on board the whole voyage. '\Ve had thirteen deaths, the causes are stated Dr. Porter.

in the paper now handed in. I was present when the sick were selected. The passengers were passed round the binnacle; one was stopped occasionally and placed on one side, the others were merely looked at ; thirteen were thus selected as sick. '\Vith the exception of two, suffering from consumption, one who had had a sore throat, and one who had some little rheumatism, the persons selected as sick, have never been ill the whole voyage. They were the most active and healthy during the voyage. I pointed this out to the medical men, but they paid no attention to me. The so-called sick were placed in hospital. They never received any medical ; they Sioorlg.

are now quite well, as they have always been since I have known them. There is no proper accommodation for the saloon passenger~, who suffered considerable

hardship in quarantine.

' .. :

' '' ~

4

J. Walker, store- James Walker.-! am the storekeeper to the Quarantine Station. I have been so since keeper. 18ii4. I have in store sixty beds with the necessary bedding; this is in use for the sick only.

The other passengers placed in quarantine find their own bedding, &c. The sick are supplied with everything.

We put the bedding, and such clothing as will not be injured by it, into boiling water, and after they are left there for some time, the owners can wash them. 'Provision is made for this purpose. They can usually be dried on the same day. We do not use the heating closet for the purpose of drying. We get through about fifty a day. We take a building at a time ; it is not done so systematically that some may escape having it done at all. Occasionally it happens that a passenger has but one suit of clothes ; his things are washed, garment at a time. It does not appear to have ever struck any one that in such a case a suit of the Government clothing might be given to one, whilst their own is washing.

I have never seen the passengers of a ship in quarantine mustered for inspection. The healthy passengers have no restraint upon them ; they go where they please about

the station. The single women are locked up at ten o'clock.

APPENDIX No. 4.

Dr. llfeCrea. I am the Chief Medical Officer ; the Quarantine Station is under my control ; I produce the regulations for the Health Officer, and also those for the management of the Quarantine

A.pfl"ndices A Staiion. It was by my direction that the ship Golden Empire was placed in quarantine ; I a.nd B. ordered that the sick should be at once landed and placed in hospital, and so soon as possible

the healthy passenge1·s should be landed and kept on shore, and that their clothes and bedding should be purified, the ship thoroughly cleaned and fumigated as directed in the regulations. I was at the Sanatory Station on the ll th January, and was told that my instructions had been properly carried out. On the 12th I received the telegram produced from the health officer; I then ordered the ship to be released from quarantine after a detention of ten days, and fifteen days after the occurrence of the last case of fever. I did this because the latest and best authorities say that the period of incubation of typhus fever is from nine to eleven days (see

Apfl"ndlxC; Murchison and .Jacquot's). Another reason was that typhus has been fr,.equeutly in the colony before, and has never spread by contagion. Thus, in 1857 there were twenty-three cases of typhus fever in the Immigration Hospital; in 1861, three cases of typhoid fever; in 1862, three cases of typhus ; in 1863, :five cases ; in addition to whicll cases have frequently occurred over the colony amongst passengers after they had been landed from infected ships. In no instance has the fever been communicated to any person in the colony. I believe typhus to be essentially a fever of cold climates ; it is not known in Africa, Asia, the warm parts of America, or in

Appendix D. Europe south of 40° N. latitude, with the exception of some cases reported to have occurred at Appendiees E, J' the siege of Grenada in the fifteenth century. (See Murchison, Bencraft, and Jacquot's.) I

G. believe that the temperature of this colony will always prevent the spread of typhus fever by contagion. Twenty.:five (25) cases of fever occurred amongst the passengers of the Golden Empire after she was released from quarantine, in addition to the two cases which occurred at the Quarantine Station.

Typhus fever is very prevalent now in England, more especially at Liverpool, the causes of it being (by authority) a low state of vitality from insufficient food, the exhalation from the bodies of persons crowded into badly ventilated places and dirty. The passengers of the Golden Empire were in this state ; they were in an overcrowed dirty ship, badly ventilated. The ship went a long way south ; the weather was very cold. The passengers remained orowded in the between decks, and no person had authority to compel them to take air on deck er have the ship properly ventilated, and an outbreak of fever was the result. That the fever recurred after an interval of fifteen days was, I believe, due to putting the passengers back into infected ship to bring them to Melbourne. Had I thought that the ship had not been properly cleansed I should have brought up the passengers in a steamer. I intend to do this in every similar case. It is my custom with ships in which there are a few cases of typhus to receive and detain the sick in quarantine, and relieve the ship and healthy passengers from quarantine as soon as proper purifying and cleansing has taken place, and thus get the healthy passengers distributed as quickly as possible through the colony. I should have released the Golden Empire sooner but she waited for the passengers, and they and the ship required a long time to be cleaned and fumigated. I take the report of the medical officer of the Sanatory Station as to the state of the ship, and number of sick, and character of illness ;. I am guided by it how long I keep a ship, &c., in quarantine.

· There is no special accommodation for saloon passengers at the Sanatory Station. They m·e usually left in the ship. I regulate the deteBtion of each ship by the peculiar circumstances ; I have no fixed rule upon the subject.

I think that any cases of typhus occurring amongst the crew, after arrival of the ship in 1\:Ielbourne, might safely be sent to the Melbourne HospitaL

When a number of cases of fever occurred amongst the passengers of the Golden Empi1 e in Melbourne, I placed some of them in the Immigration Hospital, and obtained an isolated building for the rest. There was sufficient accommodation to allow 2000 cubic feet of space for each patient. Both buildings were well ventilated ; the rooms were frequently washed and

5

purified with chloride of lime ; the clothes and bedding used was frequently changed, and each change was put in boiling water, and thus disinfected. None of the attendants took the fever. I am not aware that any person in the colony took it. No person was permitted to visit the hospitals.

The only other contagious disease I have had to deal with is small-pox. When a ship is Small-pox.

put in quarantine with it, all the sick are at once landed and placed in the hospital at the Sanatory Station. Their clothes, bedding, &c., are put in boiling water or disinfected with hot air. The clothes, bedding, &c., of the healthy passengers in contiguity to the sick are also disinfected. All the passengers and crew are vaccinated ; the ship is detained in quarantine for fourteen days after the occurrence of the last case. The ship is properly purified. The ship has been released from quarantine and allowed to proceed at once after purification with a fresh crew-the passengers and crew being detained at the Quarantine Station.

I think that in case of cholera or yellow fever, a much more stringent quarantine would Cholera •.

be required, and a longer detention would be necessary. I should land all the passengers and Yellow fever.

crew; I should disinfect their clothes, bedding, and every textile article in the ship, including the sails, with hot water and heat. I would have the ship thoroughly scrubbed with soap and hot water, and would keep fires burning in every part of her for at least a week. I consider these diseases most contagious, and that they would be likely to be largely fatal in the climate of this colony. I should keep the people in quarantine for the longest stated period of their incu­bation-at least thirty days.

I am responsible for placing or in releasing a ship from quarantine. I take action on the General Manage.

report of the health officer, and am subsequently guided by the reports of the medical officer of ment.

the Sanatory Station. I am not consulted on the appointment of either of these officers. I recommended the appointments of both Drs. Hobertson and Heed. That was some years ago. The written instructions given to each of these officers are so plain that any medical man should be able to carry them out without any supervision. It should not be necessary for me to visit a ship in quarantine. I think it desirable that the Sanatory Station should be some distance off. At Mauritius, I think the cholera might have been avoided had the Quarantine Station been further from Port Louis. There should be a resident surgeon. I think the present station suitable and well placed.

I was not consulted about the removal of Dr. Reed. He performed the duties for eight years, entirely to my satisfaction during the whole of that period. There was no complaint made against him that I am aware of. Since his removal the station has not been so well managed. 'fhis may be due to want of experience on the part of Dr. Callan. The passengers of the Southern Ocean were ordered on shore in consequence of a request of the Chief Secretary that they should be detained in quarantine and not released too soon.

APPENDIX C.

Murchison, page 89.

"According to my experience, the latent period is usually about nine days; but may vary from a few hours to twelve days. In J acquot's cases the latent period was calculated from the date of embarkation of healthy troops on board infected vessels, and was found to be nine to eleven days."

APPENDIX D.

Murchison, page 58.

"As yet there are no authentic records of typhus, such as we see it in this country, having been met with in Asia, Africa, or the tropical parts of America."

APPENDIX E.

TYPRUS MORE CONTAGIOUS IN WINTER THAN IN SUMMER.

J.lfurcllison, pages Ll2 and 114.

"During the first six months of 1862, 1,107 cases of true typhus were under treatment in the London Fever Hospital ; of which 232 died, or the mortality was 20·95 per cent. The 1,080 (1107-27) cases admitted into the Fever Hospital, communicated the disease to 27 persons, of whom eight died. In other words only one person took the fever for every forty admitted, and only one died for every 135.

"During the three months, July, August, and September, 1862, 393 cases of typhus were admitted into the London Fever Hospital ; of whom, 79 or 20 per cent died. During this period only three persons contracted typhus in the hospital, or one for every 131 patients admitted."

6

APPENDIX F.

Bancroft, page 509.

"I embarked on board a very large hospital ship, the Bridgewater, (formerly an India­man) destined to receive the sick of General Whyte's division, among which a severe typhus fever had prevailed to a great extent, and with great mortality previous to our sailing from Cork, where most of the sick were left at our departure ; but many of the soldiers apparently well, being exposed to the contagion which existed in many of the transports, or having imbibed it previously whilst detained at Cork, fell sick on the passnge, and were, from time to time, removed into the Bridgewater, which soon became full of patients under typhus fever, which was com­municated to several of the orderly men and nurses, to some of whom it proved fataL It became evident, however, that as we reached and proceeded in the warmer latitudes, the cases of fever gradually diminished in number and became mueh milder, though from the shortness of our passage, and the cool season in whieh it was [made, the full effect of heat in extinguishing contagious fever could not have been produced: and therefore, it was not surprising, that a few patients with the same fever in a milder form and apparently divesled of contagious power, were sent on shore to the hospitals immediately after our arrival at Barbadoes. These had probably imbibed the contagion before our arrival within the tropics, and its effects, though moderated, were not wholly prevented by a change of temperature. One of the last persons attacked was my own servant who had indeed been sufficiently exposed to the contagion on board the Bridgewater. But in his case, as well as in the others which had occurred between the tropics, the fever was slight, and not b:oing communicated in any instance, at least after our arrival at Barbadoes, it tltere terminated.

APPENDIX G.

Jacquot, 1858, page 64, (translation.)

Blf original copy No typhus in summer when the soldier lives in the open air and leaves the huts or tents open. With the cold season typhus dcvelopes itself twiM following, and twice following it disappears on the return of the warm season, which allows the ventilation of dwellings and life in the open air.

APPENDIX No. 5.

Dr. Reed formerly supetintendent of tlte Sanatory Station examined by tlte Board.

Evidence, I was appointed surgeon to the Sanatory Station in August, 1854. I remained in charge of it until 1862 when I was removed to Pentridge; I was not removed at my own request or for promotion, I objected to it as strongly as possible, but the appointment to Pcntridge was forced upon me. I was not removed in consequence of any complaint that the duties were not properly and efficiently performed. I am now acting at the heads as health officei' for two months, lmving changed with Dr. Owens for that time.

I was not on duty when the Golden Empire ship was placed in quarantine, I did not see any of her sick.

During the time I had charge of the Sanatory Station ships arrived there frequently with typhus fever on board. I know the fever well, having caught it from patients in Ireland no less than five times. I have never seen a case of typhus in the colony except at the Sanatory Station. Fever is not common at Pentridge, and the only two cases I have had there were simple continued fever.

When I had charge of the Sanatory Station the course of proceeding when a ship was placed in quarantine wag this :-I went on board as soon as she arrived and took charge of the ship, I made the most minute enquiries as to the health of the passengers during the voyage, I

Sic ln orisiual. carefully inspected the ship, I enquired most particularly whether the ship had been isolated. Whenever I found typhus fever I invariably found a bad captain, an inefficient doctor, and a dirty ship. So soon as I had ma.de myself acc1uainted with all the facts of the case, I telegraphed then to Dr. McCrae. The instructions I received from him I had at once written out and placed in the hands of the captain and passengers. I pointed out what must be done before the ship was released. By this simple means I obtained the acHve co-operatLon of everyone in the ship. I gave in detail the mode of landing the sick and other passengers ; and also of purifying the clothes, bedding, &c., and of washing and cleansing the ship. I even calculated the number of persons it would require to cleanse the ship. So soon as the ship was reported to me to be clean I in3pected her, and if I fonnd that the cleansing had been f>tithfully done I fumigated her. In all cases the bedding, clothes, &c., were landed and washe•l disinfected. There was no hot air process in my time. 1 was the first to suggest its use and had often reeommended it. In ships that were clean, and when the cases had been fever, and the sick carefully isolated, I did not necessarily land all the passengers. In small-pox I vaccinated all the passengers and crew. The ticks of the beds were all subjected to the hot water, or, in many instances, were destroyed by throwing overboard. I never permitted anything to be used on shore that had been in use until

7

it bad been properly cleansed and disinfected. I bad a stock of articles in store to supply passengers. When I left the station there were-

Bedsteads 380 Mattresses ll3-(at least sixty had been destroyed at different times previously.) Palliasses, straw 14 Blankets 124 pairs. Rugs 259 Sheets 35 W caring apparel 19 suits

The wearing apparel had been diminishing very rapidly from moths, it having been about ten years on the station,

There was at one time a large supply of all sorts of wearing apparel for males and females, but it got used up. I do not think it would be safe to allow the use of the mattresses, either on shore or on board, unless they had been properly washed and emptied. I never permitted the washed and unwashed clothes, bedding, o:c beds to come in contract. Passengers were directed to dress themselves in clothes not used on the voyage, before they came on shore; such of them who had none, were supplied hy the station. Before the new wash-house was built, we could only boil four hundred gallons of water in a day, and wash the beds, clothing, &c. of about forty persons; now the same quantity of water can be done in an hour, and the effects of one hundred and fifty persons done thoroughly.

the tanks now at the statiou will liold 14,000 gallons of water; the one on the high ground 10,000 gallons; and the one on the flat 4,000 gallons. Without any additional piping a third and a fourth tank, each to hold 10,000 gallons, could be easily made on the flat. The roofing there would be amply sufficient to fill the three tanks with 24,000 gallons of water. :For all washing purposes the well water is quite good enough, but I found its use for human consumption produce diarrhroa.

In addition to the two kitchens there were camp ovens available for cooking. I insisted that all the passengers should be supplied with fresh provisions when in quarantine. I do not think it advisable to change the station nearer to Melbourne; I think the present site the best in the colony, or for the purpose the best in the world. I believe if the system in force when I had charge of it were faithfully carried out, it would be all that is necessary to protect the colony.

I think the medical officer in charge of the Sanatory Station should be subject to direct orders from Melbourne; it relieves him from the ill-will of the passengers, and obtains for him their eo-operation. They feel that he is carrying out his duty, and obeying the orders of others. It protects him from the oiler of bribes, and from threats and intimidation. I do not state that any direct ;~ttempt at bribery has ever been made, but insinuations have been made, a,nd their effect narrowly watched, and as not the slightest sign of assent, or encouragement could be seen, but rather the contrary, the subject would be dropped. No later th'an the other day a pa~senger by the Great Britain ofi:ered to hold me harmless from the Chief Secretary if I would release her from quarantine or detention. It ha:o been suggested that when it is necessary to land all the passengers they should never again be re-embarked in the same ship, but should be sent up by a steamer. This, I think, is an extreme measure, to which it would only be necessary to resort in very exceptional cases, provided the scraping, holystoning, washing the wood with boiling water, and the fumigation with chlorine were all carried out in the perfect manner; I have seen it done. I would leave the re-embarkation an open question, to be decided in each case by cir­cumstanees. I have occasionally had the fittings of a bad ship thrown overboard; they would be better moved from their places, knocked down in fact in all bad ships.

I placed the ship Southern Ocean in quarantine. I found her very dirty and badly ventilated. There were no actual eases of sickness then on Board. I reported the deaths to town, and my opinion that some of them were from ship fever, and found upon· enquiry Sic in original.

amongst the friends and others of those dead, t.hat they had delirium, pains in the head, and some of the more prominent symptoms of' fever. The surgeon was young and inexperienced. I went on board with Dr. Callan, in accordance with instructions from Dr. MeCrae, and inspected the passengers. There was no case of fever or actual sickness. 'Ve selected and landed· some of the passengers, who in tl1eir eyes, skin, pulse and tongue presented symptoms more or less suspicious. They were landed, because it was possible they might be then sickening of fever. From what I learned of the symptoms on enquiry I formed the opinion, that about one-half of the deaths in the Souther1t Ocean were from iever; but I had no means of judging what type of fever it may have been.

The health officer cannot place implicit confidence in the statements of the doctors and captains of ships, nor does it follow that the deaths in a ship are caused as stated if the ship be dirty and badly ventilated, like the Soutkerrt Ocean, and the deaths numerous ; the health officer should make enquiries from others as well a8 these officers, what were the symptoms of the disease, when death occurred.

The fever I have seen frolll time to time at the Sanatory Station was true typhus. One attendant, not a passenger, took the fever whilst I had charge, and a nurse, who had taken it, died before I went there.

I saw each person daily when in quaranMne. I knew the state of heahh of all from absolute daily inspection of the sick, convalescent, and healthy.

The sea was the only lavatory when I had charge. I think the healtliy passengers should be employed.

8

I beg to express my conviction of the eight years' experience, that the Sana.tory Station at Point Nepean is unrivalled in the world as to site. The accommodations might be a little improved'and added to, but if the accommodations at present are not quite perfect, the stay of passengers there seldom exceeds a month, and in that time slight inconveniences are scarcely felt or noticed. I attach considerable importance to the system of sending the instructions from Melbourne.

The arrangements as carried out in my eight years were suf!'icient for every requirement and every case, and they should be sufficient for as many centuries.

(Signed) J. REED.

APPENDIX No. 6.

Quarantine.

Dr. Girdlestone.-I quite agree with Dr. W. Farr who appends this remark to the well­weighed "recommendations" of the quarantine committee of the National Association for the pro­motion of social science (1861.) "I am unable to ass)lme that the introduction of dangerous diseases can be prevented by any quarantine regulations." The valuable report of the above committee printe,d by the House of Commons (vol. 58) 1861, states :-"It does not appear that those countries in which quarantine restrictions are most rigorous and most strictly enforced, have hitherto been more exempt from the visitations of the diseases against which quarantine is chiefly imposed, than other countries where the regulations are more simple and less ·burdensome." We must not look to quarantine but to the adoption in our towns and shipping, of sanitary and hygiene measures such as are now slowly being diffused through Europe if we expect to save the country from the otherwise inevitable ravages of infectious and contagious diseases. Inasmuch as quarantine begets a false sense of security among us, or diverts scientific and public attention from hygiene, it is worse than useless. If in consequence of a contra opinion prevailing here we do not follow the English usages. I would urge that at least our system in future should not be more severe tha.n that of New York (her shiploads of immigrants somewhat resemble our own) as regards typhus and small-pox; the most frequent and most likely contagious diseases to arrive. When they arrive there, the rule is, for small-pox vaccination of the passengerK and crew, and detention of the same for five d&ys after the occurrence of the last case on board." For typhus, " discharge the pas;;engers, fumigation and ventilation of the vessel." If vaccination is confined to the 1mprotected persons on board, it will be sufficient for prophylactic purposes.

For cholera I should ce~tainly follow the rule in Great Britain, viz : " The quarantine measures now (18Gl) adopted on account of cholera are limited to the removal of the sick when this can be done with safety from on board an infected vessel, and the thorough cleansing and purification of the ship, together with the general hygiene supervision of the crew, so as to arrest or prevent all premonitory or suspicious sickness." The passengers who are not ill should be immediately sent away. The General Board of Health (England) have declared their opinion that the disease is not contagious "and have recommended the abolition of all quarantine restrictions in respect of the cholera, and the sulJstitution of sanitary measures in the ports of arrival and departure." I<'rom personal experience in I .. ondon and at Merthyr Tydvil S.W. in lS49, I have come to the same conclusion. Neither plague nor yellow fever require particular notice. The former has been shown by the report of the Royal Academy of France, 1846, and by the English Commission 1836-1843 to be similar to typhus. Yellow fever need never bed1·eaded during the temperature of our winter months; in the summer, removal of the sick and thorough fumigation would suffice.

All arrivals should be carefully inspected by a competent medical officer, to whom must be given discretional powers, that when a ship is dirty and has contagious disease on board it should be cleansed and fumigated as far as possible, for which some slight detention would be necessary ; the sick should be immediately taken out when not in a too exhausted state, and removed to a proper hulk or hospital, while the passengers are sent to their destination on shore in another vessel, infection being apt to reappear in ships even after fumigation. All bedding and clothes that have been exposed to the emanations of the sick should be thoroughly purified and ventilated.

Our attention must not be exclusively directed to arrivals as a preventive measure, complete examination into every ship's condition, provisions: &c., before its leaving port or receiving a clean bill of health, is of no little importance.

I may here remark that, in Holland, for many years quarantine law has been a dead letter without ill effects to her population ; but with great profit to her commerce. In Great Britain quarantine is almost exclusively performed for yellow fever, and no ship with this disease on board has been detained more than two days. For its vast traffic there is no lazaret on shore, and only three lazaret hulks, one in the Medway, one in the Mersey, and one oft the Isle

Quarantine of \Vight. "During the last five years no person has been received into any of these lazarets." Papers, No. ss, When lazarets are used on shore under ot·dinary cleanliness, experience has proved that 186!, p. 241.

there is absolutely no danger from contagion to people living in the immediate neighborhood ; in fact, there is hardly a case on record where it has spread within one of these buildings. It has

The Librarv P. . r, ar!tamenr of VIctoria

9

been customary in many towns to receive most of these dreaded diseases into ordinary hospitals, and with but slight risk to the other inmates. However, to avoid all danger an hospital should be set apart for these cases, a hulk in the Bay properly fitted woultl be quite sufficient for Victoria ; as, indeed, one is for London or Liverpool ; and under proper supervision would be productive of more good than the present expensive, too large, and too distant establishment at Point Nepean.

The fact that a quarantine hospital in a very secbded and remote position is difficult to inspect and keep under proper control is worthy of serious attention.

If the money spent at Point Ncpean had been devoted to draining :Vlelbourne it would be better for the health of the inhabitants, who would have been spared much infant mortality, dysentery, &c. ; but who have gained nothiug by excluding the few infectious eases treated on our quarantine ground, nor have they suffered from those mfractions of the regulations which have frequently occurred.

(Signed) T. M. GIRDLESTONE, Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons, England.

APPENDIX No. 7.

Memorandum from certain Medical Practitioners of this City consulted by the Board in reference to Quarantine.

In reply to the queries addressed to us by the Board who have been appointed to make suggestions to the Government respecting the quarantine regulations at this port, we have no hesitation in stating that we consider it necessary that a sanatory station should be maintained at Port Phillip Heads, that each and every ship arriving there, on board of which the health officer has ascertained contagious disease to exist, should be placed in quarantine, that the passengers should be landed at the Sanatory Station and provided with bedding and clothes.

That all the beds (i.e. mattrasses of straw, flock, &c.) should be destroyed by fire, all cotton and linen, bedding, and clothes thoroughly washed, and exposed for several days to the air, all woollen fabrics submitted to a powerful heat.

That all the passengers should be carefully isolated from communicating with visitors, while at the station, and each of them carefully inspected by two of the Government .Medical Officers at least before they are pronounced fit to leave the stati()n.

That when they are about to leave, they should not come up the Bay in the ships that brought them out neither Ehould their luggage be sent up by that ship.

That, before the ship is allowed to come up to Melbourne, all the passengers fittings should be removed and cleansed, the crew cleared out of between decks, and the whole space thoroughly fumigated.

That the Government medical officers, whose duty it is to inspect passengers ships, should pay particular attention to the state of the water-closets on board, and also at the Sanatory Station, and insist that they be so arranged that no accumulation of offensive matter can take place, and that those places are properly ventilated and sufficiently isolated from the sleeping berths.

If after the passengers, coming in an infected ship, have been dismissed from the Sana­tory Station, cases of the same malady should break out amongst them, it would be most advi:mble to still carry out the principle of isolation, not to send them to the ordinary hospital of the town, but to have them placed in a well situated and properly ventilated building, to be used as a ternporory hospital.

With ordinary care and management there would be no danger of the disease spreading to the inhabitants of the houses in the neighborhood of such building, provided the temporary hospital were properly ventilated and detached.

It is most diflicult to lay down any strict rule as to the length of time an infected ship should be detained in quarantine. Each ease must be adjudicated on according to its own peculiar circumstances.

As soon as the fittings have been removed and the interior properly fumigated, 1he crew being examined and found healthy, then the ship may be released, the passengers should be kept at the station for several days after the last case of the contagious disease has terminated, and until the examination of every one of them had been made by two medical men, as above suggested.

(Signed)

(Signed)

(Signed)

27th February, 1865. C-No. 42**, a.

RICH. T. TRACY, M.D. and Surgeon, 190, Uollins-street east.

WILL. H. CUTTS, M.D., William-street.

W. GILLBEE, Surgeon, Uollins-street.

Evidence.

Evidence~

10

APPENDIX No. 8.

Dr. Mackenzie, Resident Plt,ysician, .JYielbourne Hospital, examined by the Board.

I am a resident physician to the Melbourne Hospital. In the beginning of this month (February), I received into the iYlelbourne Hospital a German, a passenger by the Golden Empire, he was dying; and died in an hour. I made a post mortem examination of the body ; I found upon it;; mrf:.v:e tlw tnw eruption of typhus fever, the post mm·tem appearances were those of typhus fever, t!l\'l'e was no abdominal complication.

ThPre were suh,equcntly received into the hospital, seven other cases of true typhus, all of whom were passengers by the mme ship.

I have since luul cases of typhoid fever in the hospital with abdominal complication. I hnve seen ca~e~ of trm· typhoid fever in the hospikl, brought direct from ships in the Bay.

I have twv•·r sPen a case of typhus fever in this colony, except those which had come from ship boarfl. True typhus iR not at prP!<ent a ilisease of this colony.

APPENDIX No. 9.

J. TVilliams, Secretar:J to the .JYielbourne Hospital, examined by the Board.

I am the secretary to the .Melbourne Hospit!ll. We have always about 360 patients in hospital for whom we cook and wash. We do both by steam, except baking bread or meat. We employ four men in the kitchen, including the baker. In the laundry we employ two women only ; there is an engineer who manages the We can wash, and do so constantly, about 1,500 pieces in a !lay, that would include a number of heavy article8 such as blankets, sheets, rugs, &c. We effect a saving in the laundry of two-thirds. Two women doing the work of sL'C. The expense of fuel (coal) does not exceed one pound daily for washing and cooking. The same fire heats the drying closet. The flues of the boiler pass through the drying closet.

The whole expense of construction, including the buildings, would be covered by about (£600) six hundred pounds. We could wash about six hundred blankets, working on ten hours.

APPENDIX No. 10.

Telegram for Chiif niedical O.fficer.

Queenseliff, lOth February, 1865.

Arrived Southern Ocean, 1264 tonnage, from Liverpool, 93 days out, passengers 333 an!l half, crew 49. Captain and doctor report health to have been good, eleven passengers died on the voyage, two crew died. The doctor's list of deaths is as follows; two liver complaint, one enteric fever, two urinal disease, one consumption, two croup, two inanition or debility, one rheumatic fever, thirteen. He reports no case of sickness on hoard at present except one consumption, one chronic mania. The doctor is very young. First voyage. I inspected the ship closely. In the steerage where there are 200 souls, mostly children, the ship is very dirty. The forecastle is also Yery dirty. There arc two small hospitals both perfectly clean. Have scarcely been used at all. No ueath took place in the hospital, therefore there can have been no separation of the sick from the healthy. Where the single women are placed is clean. I enquired into the cases of sickness. On the 25th November a person fell ill, died 15th December ; 6th December second mate fell ill, he died 17th December; 18th December a sailor fell ill, he died in his bunk 21st December; 31st December a person fell ill, he was convalescent on 29th January ; a manied woman aged twenty-nine fell ill on 22nd January, she died 27th January ; a child three years old fell :ill on 29th January, died 1st February. These six cases I have no doubt were cases of fever. There may have been other cases. Ventilation of steerage very deficient. Ship at anchor awaiting instructions.

(Signed) J. REED.

1llessage for Dr. Callan, Sanatory Station.

Melbourne, lOth February, 1865.

Go on board the Southern Ocean with Dr. Reed, and minutely and carefully examine every individual on hoard the ship. If any show the least indication of fever, take them on shore to the hospital at once. Get the ship purified and fumigated. Have the passengers and crew sent on shore in gangs in order that every stitch of bedding and clothing may be thoroughly purifiecl. Report progress.

(Signed) W. McCREA, Chief Medical Officer.

D 218 65 1 175.

Sm,

11

Medimtl Department, Melbourne, lOth February, 1865.

I have the honor to report the detention in quarantine of the ship Southern Ocean, which arrived at the Heads this morning with 333 passengers, ninety-three days out from Liverpool. Eleven passengers and two of the crew died during the voyage from various diseases ; and the acting health officer reports the condition of the vessel as vel'y dirty.

I have directed the resident surgeon of the Sanatory Station to go on board with the health officer and make a careful examination of every individual on board, and to land any that show any indications of fever, and have given directions to have every article of bedding and clothing thoroughly disinfected, and the ship thoroughly purified and fumigated.

The Honorable the Chief Secretary.

I have, &c., (Signed.) W. McCREA,

Chief ~:Iedical Officer.

Message for the Acting Health Officer, Queensclijf.

Melbourne, lOth Eeb., 1865. Send nominal list of deaths on board the Southern Ocean.

(Signed) W. McCREA, Chief Medical Officer.

ltfessage for the Acting Health Officer, Queensclijj: Melbourne, Feb. 11 I 6.').

Have any cases of sickness or fever been landed from the Southern Ocean? If so, let all the passengers be landed as soon as the resident surgeon of the Sanatory Station is ready to receive them.

(Signed) W. McCREA. Chief Medical Officer.

Telegram for Chif!l Medical Officer.

Queenscli:tf, 11th Feb., 1865. No case of fever or actual sickness has been landed from the Southern Ocean. Every soul

was inspected, and about sixteen people were selected and landed. In their eyes, skin, tongue, and pulse, these people presented symptoms more or less suspicious; and they were landed simply because it was possible that they might be sickening for fever.

(Signed) J. REED.

'l'elegramfor Chief 1l1edical Officer. Queenscliff, 11th February, 1865.

Yesterday moruing, I understood· distinctly that the hospitals were scarcely used during the voyage, and their appearance entirely agreed with this. Yesterday evening the doctor gave me a list of six people as being all who had been in hospital, namely, 1 case of croup, dead ; l ascites, dead ; 1 confinement, dead ; 1 consumption, dead ; 1 fever, died on the 1st instant ; 1 fever (second mate), dead-6.

Yesterday afternoon a number, not exceeding 16, were f!Cnt on shore. I herewith send up the names of those who died.

Barbara White, 28 years· George Arthur xietcalfe, 4 months Bridget Conman, 35 years Jacobine White, 51 years Richard Screach (second mate), 28 years Emanuel Joseph (A.B.), 41 years Esther Beckett, 92 years

Memo.

James Duncan, 72 years Matilda Kinkade, 29 years Samuel Ogden, 14 months Robert Kinkade, 3 years John James Kindade, 6 months Ellen Ogden, 3 years

(Signed) J. REED.

Sanatorium, Feby. 12 I 65. We commenced yesterday morning landing the passengers from the Soutltern Empire soc orig.

with the clothes," bedding, &c., and continued to work at it all this day Sunda,v. The scrubbing and fumigating of the ship will be completed early to-morrow, and the

cleansing and disinfecting of the clothes and bedding will also he finished to-morrow night.

The Chief Medical Officer, Melbourne. (Signed) .r. B. CALLAN.

12

Sanatorium, Fe by. 12 I 65.

List of patients placed in hospital fr. ship Southern Ocean 11th instant:-

l\!ALES. AGE.

1. John Orr 22 2. Charles Evatt 21 3. Andrew Ready 19 4. Peter Ready 16 5. Wm. Corbett 27 6. Fredk. Horne 22 7, Wm. Loehlin 21 (consumptive) 8. Richd. 1\Ieagher 21 9. J oseph Pritchett ... 23 (consumptive)

10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

FEMALES.

Sarah Keill .. . Eliza Keill .. . Mary J ane Farrin .. Rebecca Farrin Isabella McDonald ••• Christina McDonald

AGE. 18 19 19 18 16 18

Except the two (2) consumptive patients, none of the above shew any symptoms of disease.

(Signed) JOHN B. CALLAN. The Chief Medical Officer.

Message for the Resident Surgeon, Sanatory Station.

Melbourne, 13th February, 1866.

Have all the Soutltern Ocean passengers been landed ? If not, they had better be.

(Signed) W. McCREA, Chief Medical Officer

Telegram for Chief .Aiedical Officer.

· Queenscliff, 13th :.February, 1865.

All the passengers of the Southern Ocean have been landed in gangs, and have occupied the lower hospitals in succession, the last (3) three days and nights. The boats conveying the last gang to the ship were leaving the jetty when your telegram arrived at (6) six: o'clock p.m. this evening. I have requested Dr. Reed to meet me at. 8 a.m. to-morrow morning, Tuesday, on board the ship to inspect it and the passengers with me.

(Signed) J. B. CALLAN.

Telegram for Chief Medical Officer.

Queenscliff, 14th February, 1865.

All the instructions relative to the ship Southern Ocean, and to her passengers, have been fully and faithfully executed. The passengers were all landed and slept on shore three (3) nights. All their bedding and clothing have been washed and purified, or have been subjected to the influence of heated air. All the inhabited parts of the ship have been scraped, holystoned, washed with boiling water and then fumigated. This latter operation has been thoroughly gone through, and the ship and her passengers are now in a fit state to be released.

(Signed on board Southern Ocean) 'JOHN B. CALL.AN.

Telegram for Chief Medical Officer.

Queenscliff, 14th February, 1865.

At Dr. Callan's request, I met him on board the Southern Ocean this morning to assist in inspecting the ship and her passengers. I concur in his certificate. The ventilation of the steerage is very defective, and the sooner the people are landed the better. There is no case of sickness on board. The fifteen (15) that were selected are still on shore. Their general health has improved since they left the ship, and they will very soon be in a safe state for discharge.

(Signed) J. REED, .A.H.O.

Message for the Resident Surgeon, Sanatory Station.

Melbourne, 1:4th February, 1865.

In my telegram of yesterday I intended that all the passengers of the Southern Ocean should be landed and kept on shore till further orders. Let this be done.

(Signed) W. 1\IcCREA, Chief Medical Offi.cer.

13

Telegram for Chief Medical Officer.

Queenscliff, 15th February, 1865. Having, at the request of Captain Craig, visited the Southern Ocean, I found the

passengers with a very few exceptions, in a state amounting to rebellion at the idea of their going on shore. In fact they, the passengers, would not come, and so remain. Await, and you advise.

(Signed) J. B. CALLAN.

Messagefor the Resident Surgeon, Sanatory Station.

Melbourne, 15th February, 1865. Inform Captain Craig that your orders must be obeyed ; the passengers must be landed ;

that the captain will incur very heavy penalties for any disobedience, and that the ship will only by this be detained longer in quarantine.

(Signed) W. McCREA, Chief Medical Officer.

Telegram. February 17th, 1865.

All the passengers from the Southern Ocean were landed yesterday with the exception of the young girls who were prevented by the storm. They will be landed this morning.

All the passengers, those in hospital included, are in good health. (Signed) J. B. CALLAN.

The Chief Medical Officer, Melbourne.

MY.DEAR Da. McCREA, 17 I 2 I 65.-Friday, 6 p.m. We have returned from visiting the Sanatory Station, and are of opinion that no grounds

exist for retaining the Southern Ocean in quarantine, and advise her immediate release by telegram this evening.

Yours, &c., (Signed) DA VID E. WILKIE,

W. R. PUGH.

Message for tlte Resident Surgeon, Sanatory Station.

Melbourne, 17th February, 1865. Let the passengers of the Southern Ocean be re-embarked for release.

(Signed) W. McCREA, Chief Medical Officer.

Message for the Acting Healtk Officer, Queensclijf.

Melbourne, 17th February, 1865. Release the Southern Ocean as soon as the passengers are re-shipped.

(Signed) W. McCREA, Chief Medical Officer.

Telegram for Chief Medical Officer.

Queenscliff, 18th February, 1865. Am I to include the 15 (fifteen) passengers sent here as sick? In the general re­

embarkation. (Signed) JOHN B. CALLAN.

Sanatory Station, Sm, 20th February, 1865.

I have the honor to inform you that all the passengers and patients of the Southern Ocean were released on the 18th instant,' with the following exceptions:-

1. Mrs. Cryer, who was confined here on Friday morning, at 2.0.6 a.m., I attended her. 2. Jose ph .Cryer, husband, and child two years old. 3. William Loughlin, delicate. 4. Joseph Pritchett, delicate.

The Chief l\ledical Officer, &c., &c., &c., · · Melbourne.

(Signed) JOHN B. CALLAN.

14

APPENDIX No. 11.

Sm, Sanatory Station,

Point Nepean, 20th February, 1865. I have the honor to request that you will lay before the Board the following documents,

viz.:-Copies of telegrams in the order in which I received and forwarded them, also Dr.

McCrea's letter of instructions. These include all the documents that passed between the Chief Medical Officer and

myself relative to the Golden Empire up to the period of her release from the quarantine, with the exception of the sick reports.

I also append a memo. to be laid before the Board, on the " origin and spread" of the fever in the Golden Empire.

A. F. A. Greeves, Esq., M.D., M.L.A., Chairman of Board of Inquiry,

held at Quarantine Station.

I have, &e., (Signed) JOHN B. CALLAN, M.D.

(CoPIES.]

Telegrams in re Golden Empire. No. I.-Telegram Land the sick of the Golden Empire immediately and make preparations for landing all for Dr. Call~n, -r

ard .January, the passengers. 1865. (Signed) WM. McCREA.

N<; 2.D-Tetcgram I shall proceed to the Golden Empire at once and land the sick. I shall make .the .or r. J\lcCrea, • 1' I d' ll h b d h d h • ard January, necessary preparatiOns 10r an mg a t e passengers, so as to e rea y w en your or er to t at

· '66• effect arrives.

(Signed) J. B. CALLAN.

Let the passengers of the Golden Empire be landed immediately you are ready to receive No. 3.-Telegram from Dr. ::11cCrea to Dr. Callan, them. a 111 65. (Signed) WM. McCREA.

No. 5,-TrlP~rnm f•r J>r. Callan, 4 I t 1 65.

Memo.

When all the passengers are landed, what shall I do with them ? (Signed) J. B. CALLAN.

It was the :first time since I took charge here that any passengers except patients were lodged in the hospitals.

(Signed) J. B. C.

Attend to my iJJstructioJJs in the letter of yesterday seJJt by Mr. Walker. (Signed) W. McCREA.

No. li.-Telegram All the passengers except those in the saloon a1·e landed and located ill the lower hospitals. forDr.llrcCrea, A • 'l f 1 h' d b ·'d' • b • 'fi d 'dl • b d Tl 7 , 1 1 63. n 1mmense pt e o c ot mg an eu mg JS emg pun e as rapt y as 1t can e one. Je

ship is being cleaned thoroughly, and will be completed to-morrow night. (Si::;ned) J. B. CALLAN.

.>io. 7.-Telegram The ship is thoroughly cleansed and fumigated. ;~T!'1 ~~.crea, passed through boiling water or the disinfecting house.

The clothes and bedding have been I await your orders whether I shall

put the passengers back in the ship. (Signed) J. B. CALLAN.

On the night of the lOth January Dr. 1\Ic .McCrea arrived on the station. On the next day, the 11th, he desired me to release the ship, and in consequence I

forwarded the following notice to the health officer. 11th January, 1865.

The ship Golden Empire has been thoroughly scrubbed and fumigated and is now fit for discharge.

(Signed) · ~J. B; ·OAI.LAN. The Health Officer, Queenscliff.

15

Medical Department, SIR, Melbourne, 3rd ,January, 1865.

I have the honor to direct that you will cause the ship Golden Empire to be thoroughly cleansed and purified, and for this purpose the master of the vessel is to have the assistance of any of the p~ssengers he may require ; the clothes and bedding of all on board are also to be disinfected, by boiling water or by the drying closet, and both operations are to be carried on in order to avoid delay, but the article" which boiling water would injure are to be passed through the drying closet.

You will be good enough to report to me when the disinfecting operations and the cleansing of the ship are complete.

I have also to direct that the police are not to go inside the hospital. You "~Y-ill also be good enough to reinstate Mr. Walker in his position as clerk and store­

keeper. I have, &c.,

(Signed) W. McCREA, Chief Medical Officer.

The Resident Surgeon, Sanatory Station.

ffiemo.

Information obtained on board the Golden Empire, respecting the origin and spread of the fever.

The Golden Empire sailed from Liverpool on 7th October, 1864, and remained healthy till she reached 52° South latiturle, when the cold became intense ; the passengers were unprepared for it, being of a very poor class, ill-clad and ill-fed. They obstinately opposed every effort to induce them to take exercise, and indeed no systematic effort seems to have bee!l made to oblige them to remain any portion of the day on deck.

On the contrary, I was assured they stopped up all the port holes to protect themselves from the cold ah·, and remained huddled together below, or lay on beds for days with all their clothes and bed clothes piled on them. The result was that the air became poisoned with human miasma all through the steerage. The first case of fever appeared on the 12th December, 1864, sixty-six days after they left land, and nineteen days before they reached the Heads. Seven more of the passengers were seized on the 21st, nine days after the first case. From that period till their arrival here (ten days) fresh cases kept occurring at intervals.

On the 3rd January I first went on board, by order of the Chief Medical Officer. On that day I found twenty-five sick and convalescent, and removed them to hospital. On the 4th and 5th I continued to pick up new cases. I took away thirty-five eases in all. From the 5th, when two fresh cases appeared, until the 11th (the passengers were then on shore located in the lower hospitals), I visited thein every day; sometimes three times a day, and at all hours, and though I found two or three cases of trifling indispositiop for which I prescribed, I saw no symptoms of fever among them. On the 11th January the passengers were put back in the ship. On that day and on the day before, the lOth, I spent several hours among the passengers inspecting them, and I went through them again on board the ship, wl1en they had re-embarked, and I did not see a single suspicious case. Six day:; had then elapsc>d fi·om the last two cases I placed in hospital.

The history of the fever in the Golden Empire proves that it was idiopathic, the result of human miasma poisoning the air. For so far it seems to have confined itself to those who brought the poison in their veins from the ship. It was stated in the papers that some persons resident in Geelong had caught the fever from passengers of the Golden Empire. I have had a letter from my friend, Dr. Day, which I forwarded to the Chief Medical Officer, entirely con­tradicting that statement. He says there has been no case of infection in Geelonp·, and as far as he can learn there has been no case of infection in the colony.

The varying intervals at which this fever has developed itself among the passengers of' the Golden Empire confirms the observation of Sir Henry Marsh, who, writing on the origin of oosorvntions up­

fever in the "Dublin Hospital neports," states that the length of the latent period in idiopathic ~;:d tt:e ;::;:,'i fever varies from a few hours to as manv weeks or months. period of Fever,

"' bvHcnryJrlarsh, (Signed) JOHN B. CALLAN, M.D. kn ,M.u.I.A.,

APPENDIX No. 12. Sanatorium,

SIR, Poiut Nepean, March, 6 I E5. I had the honor on the 2:Jrd ultimo to forward to you by Uno steamer copies of all the

telegrams I received and forwarded to the Chief :Medical Otlicer, relative to the Golden Empire, up to the period of her release, together with Dr. McCrea's letter of instructions to me, and a "Memo" of facts, connected with the origin of the fever, which I gathered on board the ship.

Since then it has been pointed out to me that among other newspaper chM·ges on the subject, it has been said that the disease was not correctly represented to the Chief Medical Officer by his subordinates.

Dublin Htlllpitlll Hepurts, vol. 4.

16

Will you permit me to refer you for the information of the Board to my sick reports of the 5th and 8th January, which will be found in the medical department. In the first I reported, "The ship is in a very bad state, the fever typhus, the worst I have seen here." To the second is appended the following "Memo-Since the admission of the above there has been a marked change in the character of the disease in a number of the cases. In some of the patients the improvement since coming into hospital is remarkable, but those that are bad, shew symptoms of the worst typhoid form." "~'Iemo-The last cases appeared on the 5th instant. (Signed) J. B. CALLAN."

I have, &c.,

The Honorable A. F. A. Greeves, M.L.A., Chairman of the Board of Enquiry, Melbourne.

(Signed) JOHN B. CALLAN.

P.S.-Out of the thirty-five (35) cases from the Golden Empire, treated at the Sanatory Station, there was but one (1) death.

(Signed) J. B. c.

APPENDIX No. 13.

Instructions for the guidance of the Health Officer, Queensclijf.

BOARDING VESSELS AND QUARANTINE.

Boardtngve.ssels. 1. The Health Officer is required to board all vessels flying the blue flag from sunrise to sunset, and mail steamers at any hour of the night or day.

E~quiries n~ go- 2. On going alongside a vessel he will enquire fi·om the captain where the ship is from, mg aiongsule. whether there has been any sickness during the voyage, and whether cholera or small-pox exists

on board. Special tnstruc- 3. In the event of the captain reporting that small-pox or cholera has existed on board

i~~~ti~~u~··~~~= any vessel, he will not go on board, but gi l'e the captain one of the Health Forms, and when that ease. has been properly filled up, he will forward the information he has obtained to the Chief Medical

Officer by telegraph, and detain the vessel till he receives instructions. If fever is said to prevail on board any vessel, the Health Officer will go on board,

examine the cases, fill up the Health Form, and forward a report to the Chief l\fedical Officer, specifying whether the vessel is clean or otherwise.

Reports to Chief 4. In reporting for the information of the Chief Medical Officer, he will give particular lliedicalOffieer. attention to the following points, viz :-

a. The number of cases of any contagious disease that have occurred during the voyage.

b. The number of cases actually existing on board at the time of his visit. c. The dates of the attack of the first and last cases.

Vessels from in- 5. In the event of any vessel having touched at, or sailed from an infected port within ~"."te~.;;,~~ts i~ forty days of her arrival here, the Health Officer will place the vessel in quarantine, and forward quarantine. a report to the Chief Medical Officer.

General insruc- 6. The Health Officer will place every vessel in c1uarantine which has had small-pox t!ons in regard b d • h' · d f h d f h · ] to placing ves- on oar Wlt m s1xty ays o t e ate o er arl'lva . sels in quaran- If seveml cases of fever have occurred during the voyage, and more especially if there be tine. any found at the time when the vessel is boarded, the vessel is to be placed in quarantine; but

no strict rule can be laid down with reference to such cases, he must of course be guided by the circumstances of the case. Vessels are not to be placed in quarantine, on board of which cases of measles or scarlatina have occurred, unless the number of cases is large, or the type unusually severe.

Directions to be 7. When the Health Officer determines on placing a vessel in quarantine, he will acquaint ~~::fnvgedvess~~ the master and pilot of the vessel with his decision, a.nd desire the latter to anc~or the vessel tu quarantine. as close to the quarantine ground as possible, and to h01st the yellow flag at the m am mast head,

sending immediate report to the Chief Medical Officer, and a nominal list of deaths, if any, which have occurred during the voyage.

Forms and pa- 8; The Health Officer will fill up the "Health Form" and then request the master and pcrs. surgeon to sign it. In granting pratique, he will give the form "Clean Bill of Health."

Health questions 9. The Health Officer, on boarding vessels, wiii immediately read to the master the whole ~~>ubesi;~~~ ti of the Health Questions, _and t_al~c down, or cause t~e master. to write down a clear and distinct masters of ves- answer to each, and he 1s enJomed to perform this duty w1th such care and accuracy that he seJs. may be able at any time, if called upon, to make oath of the invariable correctness of his

proceedings. ve.,els carrying 10. If any vessel, carrying mails, be placed in quarantine, the Health Officer will im-:f~~ rJ:W::.I mediately report by telegraph to the Chief Medical Officer and the Postmaster-General, and mails ~nd tela- have her mails landed at Queenscliff for transmission to their destination, with the least grag·h to 0.1\f.O. . bl d I and Postmaster pOSSI C e ay.

PU~ne;ru. 1 11. The pilots are directed to keep the blue flag on every ship boarded by the Health 0

s sJgna s. Officer, who will report any breach of this regulation to the Chief Medical Officer.

17

12. The Health Officer will use the utmost despatch compatible with the due performance Detention of ves­

of his duties in inspecting vessels, in order to avoid if possible a detention which might require :;• a~ p~';! the vessel to anchor. avoided.

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS.

13. The Health Officer will inspect every passenger ship, and will be guided in his Inspection of pas­

performance of this duty by the number of passengers, and the report of the master and surgeon senger sblps.

as to the health of the vessel. If he entertain any doubt as to her sanitary condition, his inspection will of course be stricter than it would otherwise be.

14. The Health Officer will keep a diary shewing the vessels boarded by him on each day To keep diary of

during the month, their tonnage, port of departure, duration of voyage, number of passengers and proeeootngs.

crew, number of causes of deaths which have occurred during the voyage, and at the close of each Sic orig,

month he will forward a copy of this diary to the Chief Medical Officer. 15. Ten davs before the close of each quarter the Health Officer will forward to the Chief Regullltions for

M d. l Offi "< • "t' fi h b • d e h . d . h storesandpO!lt· e 1ca cer a reqms1 IOn or sue stores as may e reqmre 10r t e serviCe urmg t e age stamps.

ensuing quarter, and on the receipt of any stores he will at once forward vouchers for the same to the Chief Medical Officer. He will also obtain supplies of postage stamps from the Medical Department, and at the close of each quarter will prepare and forward a return shewing the receipt and expenditure of postage stamps.

16. He will as soon as possible after the close of each year forward to the Chief Medical Annual Report to

Officer a report under the following heads, namely :- ~~-Medical 1. Return of number of vessels boarded each month during the year. 2. Return of vessels arrived from the port of London. 3. Return of vessels arrived from the port of Liverpool. 4. Return of vessels arrived from various ports in the United Kingdom., 5. Return of vessels arrived from various ports in the United States. 6. Return of vessels arrived from various other ports. 7. Return of vessels carrying Government immigrants. 8. Return of vessels from London, Liverpool, various ports in the United Kingdom and

United States, and from various other ports with the proportion of deaths to pas11engers, and rate per cent. of deaths.

9. Return shewing total number of vessels from all ports, total passengers and crews, proportion of deaths to passengers and crews, and rate per cent. of deaths.

10. Return shewing the total number of passengers from all ports, with total crews, also the number of deaths and causes thereof distinguishing passengers from crews.

11. Return of vessels placed in quarantine.

APPENDIX No.

Copy of Letter addressed to Dr. Youl, by James Robertson, Esquire, M.D.

DEAR SIR, In answer to your queries in reference to the necessity of quarantine regulations at Evldenee.

the port of this colony, I beg to state, that in my opinion they might be relaxed without endangering the health of the community, in all diseases with the exception of small-pox. In the event of a vessel arriving with cases of small-pox I think the passengers should be landed, and cut off from all communication with others than the officers of the Sanatory Station, until the lapse of fourteen days from recovery of last case, at the same time vaccination should be efficiently carried out among the non-vaccinated, and re-vaccination among those with imperfect or not well marked cicatrices. The passengers' clothing, and bedding should be washed and thoroughly disinfected, by exposure to a high temperature, and the action of disinfectants. All articles not admitting of being thus treated such as flock and cotton mattrasses being burned, the ship should undergo a thorough cleansing by washing with solution of chloride of lime or other disinfecting fluid, dry scrubbing all the wood work, holy-stoning the decks, and fumigating the between decks, or wherever the passengers have been located.

In the ease of vessels with other infectious diseases, I do not consider it necessary to enforce quarantine regulations with the same strictness. I think such measures of precaution should be taken to prevent the spread of infectious diseases as would be exercised by Officers of Health in the discharge of their duties for the protection of the public, when epidemics prevail ; nuisances should be removed and cleanliness enforced. A vessel arriving in a :filthy condition with infectious disease among the passengers, should be detained sufficiently long to admit of a thorough cleansing and fumigation. The passengers should be landed, their clothing washed and fumigated, and those not actually sick might then be sent up by another vessel. The spread of such diseases as typhus and typhoid fevers is more effectually prevented by separating the sick than by congregating them together, exposure to the pure dry air proving the best disinfectant.

(Signed) JAMES ROBERTSON.

C-No. 42*"', b.

•

•

18

APPENDIX No. 14 .

Instructions for the guidance of the Resident Surgeon, Sanatory Station.

1 As soon us a vessel arrives at the Quarantine Station, and before any proceedings as hereinafter directed are taken, a bond is to be obtained frem the master of the vessel guaran­tcdng the pnymeJtt of all expenses which may be incurred by the Government on account of the ship, pusi'engers, and crew while in quarantine. In the case of vessels containing Government Immi;_rrants the own<'r5 nre liable only for such expenses for the first fourteen (14) lay days of quarantint', aml the bond will accordingly be taken for that period.

Proceedinu' wi:ll ::2. \Vhen a vcs3d is plaeed in quarantine having contagious or infectious disease on board '"""" ilav'''" the sick and convalescent are to be landed on the Snuatory Station with the least possible delay,

and the vess('l is to he promptly and thoroughly cleansed, the sleeping places particularly being ccwe on llNtnL firs:t scrubbed "\vith boiling water, and then '\vashed over with a solution of •hloride of lime or

pox.

zinc. 'I'l1e el()the~ aHJ bedding of the sick and convalescent, and of those with whom they may have lJCCii ill conbct dnring the voyage, are to be passed through boiling water. These proPeedi11gs arc to he taken under the immediate supervision of the Resident Surgeon, who is to see thnt; tbey nre carried out with efficiency nud promptitude.

3. "\Vhen the disease for which the vessel is placed in quarantine is small-pox, in p,ddition to the proceedings herein befc)l'e directed, the Resident Surgeon is to cause every person on board to be vaeciuatml, taking ettre to see that no one is missed, with which view he will procure from the master of the vessel a list of all the passengers and crew on which he will mark off the names of those he Yflcciuates till all have been done.

Cases where the vaccination proves unsuccessful are to be again vaccinated with lymph taken from the successful cases. On a vessel being placed in quarantine with small-pox a supply of vaccine lymph shall at once be fonvarded to the Resident Surgeon from Melbourne.

Foregoing 1,ro- 4. So soon as the foregoing instructions shall have been duly carried out, the Resident ~~~~!~icct ';;~~~~ Surgeon will report the fact -immediately by telegraph to the Chief Medical Officer, who will reporte•I to tiJO then, should there be no further case for detention, send instructions to the Health Officer for g:;;~:r. :lled[onl the release of the vessel, and the healthy portion of her passengers and crew.

5. Should it be necessary in any case to direct that all the passengers and crew of any vessel be landed on the Sanatory Station the work is to be done with the least possible delay,

ll'"sengers and and in order to ensure the cleansing of the vessel with the least loss of time, the Resident Sur-,.M,.. geon will instruct the Captain to direct the passe>ngers to scrub out their respective sleeping

places with boiling water before they are allowed to land. 'fhe Resident Surgeon will then, by personal inspection, see that the sleeping places and such other portions of the ship as he deems ueeessary, after being so cleansed, are washed over with a solution of chloride of lime or zinc.

Resident surgeon 6. Before any vessel is released from quarantine, the Hesident Surgeon is to proceed on !~n~~;,:cr~,;;~;~ board and satisfy himself by a personal examination of the passengers and crew that there are released. none of them who are unfit to be. discharged so that there may be no likelihood of the

spreading the disease. Isolation of per- 7. In the event of any person being in· quarantine for some disease, and a vessel being

~;;:: ~~~~ar~:~ placed in quarantine at the same time with a different disease on board, care must be taken fcrent vessels. before landing any persons from the vessel, to see that the former are isolated from any com­

munication with the others. Additional nurses 8. Where the services of the regular nurse of the station are found insufficient for the ~h~~ ;;2~:~~~i requirements of the sick, the Resident Surgeon will make requisition on the master of the vessel from amonp;st for some of the passengers or crew to be told off to as~ist in this duty. crew ""'

1 pns- 9 I a· l h · k b . l d d 1· f h . . b " d d b s~ngers. • mme mte y on t e src - emg an e a 1st o t err names rs to e .orwar c y

lli?sldont surgeon teleat"lph to the Chief Medical Officer to whom also is to be transmitted by the next post a list toreportto t::l'" - ' '

Chief lllea!t.at showing the names, ages, and state of health of those landed. Reports are also to be forwarded ~:;.;~~of th~~= from time to time of the progress of the sick towards convalescence, and before any of them ~~ude.U am! are discharged timely notice is to be sent to the Chief Medical Officer of the day on which they

cir progress. are to be forwarded to Melbourne, stating their names and by what means they are to be forwarded.

Economy with 10. The stl-ictest economy, consistent with a proper attention to the requirements of the ~~~rs, bedding, sick, is at all times to be observed in the issue of stores for their use. Articles of clothing are

not to be is5ued except to Government immigrants, and to them only when absolutely required. Care is to be particularly taken to prevent the destruction of bedding, and with this view, india rubber shooting (which will be sup11lied as required on requisition to the Chief Medical Officer)

!migrant;:; to the clcmL

is to be used for dirty patients. 11. Persons in quarantine arc to be directed to keep the sleeping places, utensils, &c.,

used by them, regularly clean, and the Resident Surgeon in instructing them on this point and on others will inform them that they are, while in quarantine, bound by law to obey his orders on such matters. Proper attention to this regulation will prevent the station being left in a dirty condition on the discharge of persons from quarantine.

Establishment to 12. Immediately that the Sanatory Station is cleared, you will sec that the hospital, ~~ pu;o~:~or,J~~ bedding, and everything connected with the establishment are put into proper order and made cleawl. thoroughly clean, so that, with the least possible delay, the station may be got ready for the

reception of others should another ve>ssel arrive in quarantine. Any articles of bedding, &c., which may have been used by or for small-pox patients, are, immediately they are done with, and bC'fore they are returned to store, to be placed several hours in boiling water.

19

13. In the event of any person in quarantine being likely to die ou the :'tation, the Resident Surgeon will cause a careful inventory to be made of all property, wearing appru·el, &c., in such person's possession at the time, which inventory is then to be signed by such person while he or she is sufficiently well to be able to verifY the same and hy two oth;cr persons in the presence of all three. The inventory is also to show how the owner of the property wishes the same to be disposed of.

14. A distinct account is to be kept of all expenses incurred on account of the vessel or Acconnt of

persons in quarantine, and a copy of such account is to be forwarded to this office in the case of ;;:;~'~'~~cr~~ns a Government immigrant vessel at the end of the fourteen lay days before mentioned, and in to

other cases immediately on the discharge of the last person from quarantine, or at any other time when called for. In keeping this account the prices to be charged will be the prices of the articles issued as stated in the contracts published from time to time in the Government Gazette. The meat contractor's account for supplies to persons in quarantine is to be made out separately from the ordinary monthly account for the station, and is to be transmitted to the Chief Medical Officer with the general account of the ship's expenses above alluded to. In like manner all other claims for expenses in connection with persons in quarantine are to be kept separate and forwarded as above.

15. No person is under any pretence permitted to go outside the limits of the Sanatory Persons in quar-Station while in quarantine. autme tl~~\t~~

16. The Resident Surgeon will make such arrangements with the Health Officer either . b • ll' h • '11 h 'b'l' f l 1 • h . . f DeLl)' m tmns• y stgna mg or ot erw1se, as WI prevent t e poss1 1 tty o ( e ay m t e transmiSSIOn o messages mis,ion or moo-

for the Chief Medical Officer when such messages are forwarded to Queenscliff by other means ~~~~acd.to 00

than by the Health Officer's boat. 17. Requisitions for supplies of stores, provisions, &c., are to be forwarded to the Chief Qu~rtcrly requisi­

Medical Officer not later than the 25th day of the last month in each quarter, and should any uons for stores.

articles be at any time urgently required during any quarter for which a special requi~ition may be necessary, such requisition is to be forwarded as early as possible after the necessity for the supply becomes known.

18. The particular purpose for which each article is required is to be distinctly shewn in Purp?serorwhlch

the column for that purpose on the form of requisition. '::;~;:~ to·~: 19. Particular attention is to be paid to the periodical cleansing, painting, &c., of the she~n.

h 't 1 d h b 'ld' d • b k h • h Pcnoutcal clean-OSpl a s an ot er U! mgs, an care IS to e ta eu t at necessary repairs to t e same are and paint-

promptly executed, so as to prevent damage from delay. or buUd-

20. No extraordinary expense is on any account to be incurred without first obtaining authority from the Chief Medical Officer, and the amount of expense so authorised is not under any circumstances to be executed. Eic orig. •

21. The Resident Surgeon will pay particular att.ention to the duty of economy in all Economy in ox·

matters connected with the Sanatory Station, so that the expenses of the establishment may be ~~;;~::turc geno·

kept as low as is consistent with its due efficiency. · 22. As soon as convenient after the close of each year the Resident Surgeon will transmit Yearly report.

to the Chief Medical Officer a report of the proceedings of the estnblishment during the preceding twelve months, including a return (on a form which is filed at the Sanatory Station) of all vessels which have been placed in quarantine during the year.

23. l?.eturns of the expenditure of the Sanatory Station on the form at present used for MoJ]thly returns the purpose, are to be forwarded to the Chief Medical Officer. 01 expenditure.

24. Half-yearly returns of the expenditure of the stores, &c., showing the quantities on hand at the beginning of the period, the quantities received and expended, and the quantities remaining on hand at the end, are to be forwarded to the Chief Medical Officer, accompanied by vouchers for the expenditure of any stores other than those issued for the rations allowed to the officers of the station.

25. At the end of every year, stock is to be taken by a careful survey of all stores on the Yearly stock ta.k­station, when the quantities on hand will be inspected and compared with those shown by the mg.

store books of the establishment, either by the Commissioner of Audit, or by some person appointed by the Chief Medical Officer.

26. The particular attention of the Hesident Surgeon is directed to the necessity of strict Account> and

conformance to the "Store;; ;wd Transport Regulations" of the l.Sth February, 1858, and to the ~i~,~~s regula-

" Public Accounts Regulations" of the lst May, 1859, under the Audit Act. . 27. All letters and communications addressed to the Chief Medical Officer or others on correspondence.

the business of the station, nre to be copied, and all communications received are to be regularly filed for convenient reference; letters to the Chief Medical Officer are to be confined to one subject.

Medical Department, Melbourne, 22nd October, 1862.

(Signed) W. McCREA, Chief Medical Officer.

20

SO MUCH OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH STATUTE, 1865, AS RELATES TO QUARANTINE, BEING PART OF THE SAID STATUTE.

Part VI.-Quarantine.

vessels goods Md 86. If the Governor in Council shall by proclamation notify that any place beyond the seas is p.assenger. ar- infected with the cholera or other infectious or contagious disease and that it is probable such disease ~;:;: no~'£:d may be brought from such place to Victoria, immediately after such notification all vessels whatever bytheGuvcrnor arriving from or having touched at any such place, and all vessels and boats receiving any person or i~re~~~ncil thing whatsoever from or out of any vessel so coming from or having touched at any such infected place persons having as aforesaid (whether such person or thing shall have come or been brought in such vessel or such person ~:,n;;,~~~~~~~~ shall have .gon~ or ~ave been put on board the same either before or after the arriv;al o~ sue? vessel at liable to per- any place m Vwtona and whether such vessel was or was not bound to any place m VICtona), and all f?rm quaran- persons and things whatsoever on board of any vessel so coming from or having touched at such infected tme, place as aforesaid or on board of any such receiving vessels or boats as aforesaid, shall be liable to

quarantine within the meaning of this Part of this Act, and of any Order made by the Governor in Council and notified by proclamation concerning quarantine and the prevention of infection from the time of the defarture of such vessels from such infected place as aforesrud or from the time such persons or things shal have been received on board respectively.

No person or 87. All such vessels and boats as aforesaid, and all persons (as well pilots as others), and all thing to be put things whether coming or brought in such vessels or boats from such infected place as aforesaid or ~}~.~h~;~ u;~~~ going or being put on board the same either before or after the arrival of such vessels or boats at any formance of place in Victoria, and all persons and things as aforesaid on board such receiving vessel or boat as quarantine. aforesaid, shall upon their arrival at any place in Victoria be obliged to perform quarantine in such

places for such time and in such manner as shall be from time to time directed by the Governor in Council and notified by proclamation as aforesaid. Until such vessels and boats persons and things as aforesaid shall have respectively performed and shall be duly discharged from quarantine, no such persons or things shall either before or after the arrival of such vessels or boats at any place in Victoria come or be brought on shore or go or be put on board any other vessel or boat in order to come or be brought on shore in any such place (unless in such manner and in such cases and by such license as shall be directed or perm1tted by any such order as aforesaid).

vessels coming 88. All such vessels and boats whether coming from such infected place as aforesaid or being from infected otherwise liable to quarantine as aforesaid and all persons (as well pilots as others) and things as afore­~:;;.j!~t ~~ t~: said whether coming or brought in such vessels or boats or going or being :put on board the same either orders of Gov- before or after the arrival of such vessels or boats at any place in Victona and all masters or other :::for 111 Coun- persons having the charge or command of any such vessels or boats whether coming from any infected

· place or being otherwise liable to quarantine as aforesaid shall be subject to all the provisions rnles regulations and restrictions contained in this Part of this Act or in any orders which shall be made by the Governor in Council as aforesaid concerning quarantine and prevention of infection.

Pnnisbments for 89. The Governor in Council may in any order made under the provisions of this Part of this breach of regu. Act attach a penalty not exceeding the snm of fifty pounds or a liability to imfrisonment for any term lat!ons. not exceeding three months to the disobedience of such order or breach o any of the regulations

therein contained; and the person disobeying any such order or breaking any such regulation shall be punishable therefor as if such penalty or term of imprisonment provided as aforesaid had been provided by this Part of this Act as the punishment for the offence committed by such person; and when no penalty or tenn of imprisonment shall be provided by snch order as aforesaid for disobedience thereof or for breach of any regulation therein contained, the person so offending shall forfeit and pay for every such offence a sum not exceeding twenty pounds.

Powers of the 90. The Governor in Council may make such order as shall be deemed expedient upon any Governor in unforeseen emergency, or in particular cases with respect to any vessel arriving and having any such Cou~cil. ~o ~re- infectious or contagious disease on board or on board of which any such infectious or contagious disease ;::'

11 .;~e;c 10~ may have appeared in the course of the voyage or arriving under any other alarming or suspicious emergency. circumstances as to infection or contagion, although sucll vessel shall not have arrived from any place

from which the Governor in Council may have declared it probable that any such infectious disease may be brought; and also with respect to the persons and things as aforesaid on board the same. In case of any such infectious disease appearing or breaking out in Victoria, the Governor in Council may make such orders and give such directwns in order to cut off all communication between any persons infected with any such disease and the rest of Her Majesty's subjects as shall appear to the Governor in Council necessary and expedient for that purpose ; and may likewise make such orders as the Governor in Council may deem fit for shortening the time of quarantine to be performed by particular vessels or particular persons or things, or for absolutely or conditionally releasing them or any of them from quarantine; and all such orders so made as aforesaid shall be as good valid and effectual to all intents and purposes, as well vrith respect to the master or other person having charge of any vessel and all other persons on board the same as with respect to any other persons having any intercourse or com­munication with them and to the penalties and punishments to which they may respectively become liable, as any order concerning quarantine made by the Governor in Council and notified by proclama­tion as aforesaid Provided however that all unnecessary hardship or inconvenience may be prevented it shall be lawful for the Governor in Council to allow such persons suffering from contagious or infectious diseases to be visited by their friends relations or private medical adviser at any time under the recommendation or request of the Chief Medical Officer or of a majority of the Board of Health for the time being.

Govemor!nCoun- 91. The Governor in Council may from time to time by any order notified by proclamation ell to appeint appoint certain stations or places within or near any harbor or place within Victoria for the performance ~~~:~:t;or q•~r~ of quarantine under this Act where all vessels liable t~ quarantine and th~ crews passengers and persons ::Uune. 011 board thereof shall perform the same; and also (1f necessary) appomt lazarets and other places

where the crews passengers and other persons and the things which shall or may be on board the said 71 vessels shall be detained and kept for the performance of ~uarantine. All persons liable to perform l.l Geo. IV. c.

s. 18. quarantine and all persons having had any intercourse wit them (whether in vessels or in a lazaret or elsewhere) shall be subject during the time they are liable to quarantine to such orders as they shall receive from the superintendent of such station lazaret or place or his assistant; and the said officers

the Library, Par/: lament of W

~ctorla

21

are required to enforce all necessary obedience to the said orders, and in case of necessity to call in others to their assistance; and such officers shall compel all persons liable to quarantine and persons having had any intercourse with them to repair to such statwn lazaret or place. .And if any person liable to perform quarantine or any person having had any intercourse with him shall wilfully refuse or neglect to repair, when required by such officers or either of them, to the said station lazaret or place appointed, or having been placed in the said station lazaret or place shall escape or attempt to escape out of the same before quarantine duly performed, the said officers or either of them and also the watchman and other persons appointed may, by such necessary force as the case shall require, compel every person so refusing or neglecting escaping or attempting to escape to repair or return to such station lazaret or :place. .And every person so refusing or neglecting and also every person actually escaping shall forfeit a sum not exceedmg two hundred pounds.

92. The master or other person (excepting the pilot) having the charge of any vessel coming Master:' of vessels from parts beyond seas shall give to the person for the time being authorised to act as the health ~~k~nieport ~~ officer or on behalf of the health officer of the port at which such vessel shall arrive (hereinafter and answe.r designated as the health officer) either along:side or on board such vessel as such health officer may ~ue~t~o';;; of desire a written paper containing a true account of the name or names of the place or places at which lea t

0 cer.

such vessel shall have loaded or shall have touched on the voyage to Victoria and of the health of the crew and passengers of such vessel during the voyage and the cause of death of any person who shall have died on such voyage and also true answers to the questions contained in the form provided by the :Eighth Schedule hereto or in such other form as shall be prescribed from time to time by the Governor El hth Bchedni in Council in that behalf and published in the Government G(l,zetle, and shall also truly answer orally g e. any questions which may be put to him touching all or any of the matters aforesaid by such health officer. .And if such master or other person in charge of such vessel as aforesaid shall refuse or omit t.o give such true account or answers or shall answer· falsely any of such questions either in writing or orally as aforesaid, he shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding one hundred pounds for any such refusal omission or false statement.

93 .. Such master or other person in charge of such vessel as aforesaid shall permit the health ~i!';i~nn~f ·~~~ officer to mspect any part of the vessel and all or any of the passengers or crew of such vessel. Any sengera ma: be master or other person in or in charge of such vessel refusing to permit such inspection or obstructing made.

the health officer therein shall for every such offence be liable to a penalty not exceeding fifty pounds. 94. !fit shall appear to the health officer that such vessel is not liable to perform quarantine, he W~e~1 v~ssel not

shall give to the master or other person in charge of such vessel as aforesaid a clean bill of health in a~ti~e c~e~~~~~ the form in the Ninth Schedule hereto or in such other form as shall be from time to time prescribed of health to be

in that behalf by the Governor in Council and published in the Government Gazette. )•l!~:~~hedule 95. If it shall appear by the written paper answers to questions or by insl?ection as aforesaid When quarantl~e

that such vessel shall have arrived from any place notified by the Governor in Counc1l as being infected ~ J: per­as aforesaid, or if the health officer shall apprehend any danger to the public health from the immediate orm · admission of such vessel to entry by reason of there then being or of there having been during the voyage any infectious or contagious disease on such vessel, or of such vessel having touched at any place where any such disease shall have prevailed or having communicated with any other vessel on board which any such disease may have existed, such vessel shall be liable to perform quarantine ; and such health officer shall immediately notify the same to the master or other person in charge as aforesaid under a penalty of one hundred pounds for any neglect therein ; and the master or other person in charge as aforesaid shall immediately after such notice hoist a signal to denote that such vessel is liable to the performance of quarantine (which signal shall be in the day time a yellow flag of sL." breadths of bunting at the main top mast head, and in the night time a large signal lantern such as is commonly used on board her Majesty's ship of war at the same mast head) and shall keep such signal hoisted until the time when such vessel shall be legally discharged from the performance of quarantine ; and on any and every neglect therein shall incur a penalty not exceeding one hundred pounds.

96. If any pilot shall knowingly bring or cause to be brought or conducted any vessel liable to Penalty on pilot the performance of quarantine into any place not specially appointed for the reception of vessels so co;td''fu~fves­liable, unless compelled thereto by stress of weather adverse winds or accidents of the sea, he shall for ~~!ra~~n: :~ every such offence forfeit the sum not exceeding two hundred pounds. any place but

97. If any vessel shall arrive from parts beyond the sea in any port or harbor of Victoria, and if :;~u~~~~i~!~ during the voyage there shall have been or at the time of arrival there shall be on board such vessel Jus!tces may or­any infectious or contagious disease, or if such vessel shall have sailed from or touched at any place ~~:;a~~~~:~. 1010

during the voyage where any such disease shall have prevailed or shall have communicated with any other vessel on board which any such disease may have existed, and if any legally qualified medical practitioner or the surgeon or medical officer of such vessel shall certify in writing that danger may reasonably be apprehended to the public health from the immediate admission of such vessel to entry, any two justices may by writing under their hands order such vessel into quarantine; and every such vessel so placed in quarantine with the contents thereof, and every person on board (whether such person shall belong to or shall have come as a passengoer by such vessel or shall have gone on board her after her arrival at Victoria) shall be subject to the same laws rules and penalties in all respects as are in force with respect to vessels persons and things placed in quaran~ine under the provisions of tllis Part of this Act, until released thereunder or by an order under the hands of the justices making such first mentioned order.

98. Any justices making such order as aforesaid imposing qlll\rantine, and any health officer Vessel havi':g ordering any vessel into quarantine as aforesaid, shall forthwith report the fact that such order has ~~:':a~~~~!d ~~ been made to the Governor in Council in order that further measures may if necessary be taken be reported to according to law for the continuance of such vessel in quarantine or the release thereof. gover:;or In

99. :Every master or other person having charge of any vessel which shall be liable to perform Mas~~~~t~dellver quarantine as aforesaid shall, forthwith after his arrival at the place appointed for the performance of to superinten­quarantiue, deliver on demand to the superintendent of quarantine or his assistant or other officer ~~~\~~ti-u~f~~~;, authorized to act in that behalf (and which superintendent assistant or other officer as aforesaid is health manifest hereby required to make such demand) his bill of health and manifest together with his log book and &c. journal, under pain of forfeiting a sum not exceeding one hundred pounds if he shall wi,lfully refuse or neglect to do so.

lOO. If any master or other person being in charge of any vessel liable to perform quarantine Penaltv on mas­shall hi~self quit or shall knowingly permit or suffer any person to quit such vessel by going on shore ters ·q~itting or or by gomg on board any other vessel before such quarantine shall be fully performed (unless by such su::rmtgo ~~i license as shall be granted by virtue of any orders made by the Governor in Council as aforesaid), or in :ssels liable to

22

quara~ti~e vey case any master or person having charge of such ship shall not within a convenient time after due notice f~g ~~c~ v~ssel; given for that purpose cause such vessel and the lading thereof to be conveyed into the place appointed to appointed for such vessel and lading to perform gltarantine, then and in every such case every such master or places. person for every such offence shall forfeit and pay a sum not exceeding four hundred pounds.

Fenalty on per- 101. If any person coming in any such vessel liable to quarantine (or any pilot or other person ~~~~ ,..:1':'11ttmg going on board the same either before or after the arrival of such vessel at any place within Victoria) · .,e s. shall either before or after such arrival quit such vessel (unless by such license as aforesaid) by going

on shore or by going on board any other vessel or boat with intent t<J go on shore as aforesaid before such vessel so liable to quarantine as afort>said shall be regularly discharged from the performance thereof, any person whosoever may by any kind of necessary force compel such pilot or other person so quitting such vessel to return on board the same ; and every such pilot or other person so _quitting such vessel shall for every such offence suffer imprisonment for the space of six months, and shall forfeit a sum not exceeding three hundred pounds.

Persons liable to 102. Any person may seize and apprehend anr person that shall contrary to the provisions of ¥:i'::: maqug; this Act have quitt~d or come on shore from any ~esse liable to perform quarantine, or who sh.all ha:e seized. Y escaped from or qmtted any vessel under quarantme or from any lazaret vessel or place appomted m

that behalf for the purpose of carrying such person before any justice; and any such justice may grant his warrant for the apprehending and conveying of any such person to the vessel from which he shall have come on shore or to any vessel performing quarantine or lazaret from which he shall have escap!'d or for confining any such person in any such place of safe custody (not being a public gaol) and under such restrictions as to having communication with any other persons as may to such justice appear proper, until such person can safely and securely be conveyed to some place appointed for the per­formance of quarantine or until directions can be obtained from the Governor in Council as to the dis­posal of any suchperson; and may make any further order that may be necessary in that behalf.

Intercourse with 103. The Governor in Council by order notified by proclamation may prohibit all persons vessels ~i~~:~:allo~,~~ and boats whatsoever from going under any pretence whatsoever within the limits of any station which for quarantine by any order of the Governor in Council as aforesaid has been or may be assigned for the performance ~;~hedb~vo;'~~; o_f quarantine; and if ar:-y person whosoever after such notification .of any such order shall go wi~hin the oftheGo'vcrnor hm1ts of any such statiOn, he shall for every such offence forfe1t and pay a sum not exceedmg two in Council, hundred pounds.

renruty on per- 10·t. If any person whosoever to whom it shall appertain to execute any order made or to be son• neglecting made concerning quarantine and notified as aforesaid or to sec the same put in execution shall know­thelrduty ingly and wilfully be guilty of any breach or neglect of his duty in respect of the vessels persons or

things performing quarantine, every person so offending shall forfeit and pay a sum not exeeedinl;{ two d _

1. hundred pounds; and if any such person shall desert from his duty when employed as aforesa1d, or

~~m~~~~f,~n~.~~ shall knowingly and willingly permit any person vessel or thing to depart or be conveyed out of the said ~~~~~~~;~ ~~~~~ lazare~ vcs~el or other place as aforesaid unless by pm·missio1~ under ~he order of the Gov.ernor in out • authority Counml, or 1f any J?erson h~~eby authonze~ and d.rrected to grv~ a certificate of a vessel havmg duly or gh,ing- false performed quarantme or arrmg shall knowmgly g1ve a false certlfieate thereof, every such person so certificates offending shall be guilty of felony, and being convicted thereof shall be liable at the discretion of the or damaging court to be imprisoned for any term not exceeding ten years ; and if any such person shall knowingly goo<h &c. or wilfully damage any goods performing quarantine under his direction, he shall be liable to pay one

hundred pounds damages and costs of suit to the owner of the same . .After proof of 105. After quarantine shall have been quly performed by any vessel or person obliged to perform

performance or quarantine as aforesaid according to this Pa:l:t of this Act and to any order made as aforesaid, the ~~,~;~;''11~~r~i~~ superintendent of quarant.ine or person acting for him shall give a certificate thereof under his hand; c"tc to that and upon the same being approved and allowed by the Governor in Council, every such vessel and all etTect vcs~ew ;" and every SUCh person SO having J.lerformed quarantine shall be Jiable to no further restraint or deten-

to'n~·fu;~ tion upon the same account for wh10h such vessel or person shall have performed quarantine as aforesaid. tller detention. lOG. All things liable to quarantine as aforesaid shall be opened and aired in such place and for

G<lmls, &o. Jiahlc such time and in such manner as shall be directed by the Governor in Council by any such order to be ;~allq~•:mntme made as aforesaid; and after such order shall have been duly complied w1th, then and in every such ~m! case the person in charge of the lazaret or vessel or other place in which the things shall have been ~~r~~~~PP~~~~~~ opened and aired shall grant a certific~tc to su~h effect unde~ his hand; .and upon the same bei_ng oythcGovemot approved and allowed by the Governor m Council, then such thmgs shall be hable to no further restramt in council. or detention either at the place where such quarantine shall have been performed or at any other place

within Victoria whcreto they may after~Vards be r~onveyed. Person,forgingor 107. If any person shall knowingly or wilfully forge or counterfeit interline erase or alter or

ntter~ngt 1"1'" procure to be forged or counterfeited intcrlined erased or altered any certificate directed or required to ~";;;\;/:r;:lony. be granted by an order of the Governor in Council hereafter to be made touching quarantine, or shall

publish any such forged or counterfeited interlined erased or altered certificate knowing the same t.o be forged or counterfeited interlined erased or altered, or shall knowingly and wilfully utter and publish any such certificate with intent to obtain the effect of a true certificate to be given thereto knowing the contents of such certifi0ate io be false, he shall be guilty offelony and being conyioted thereof shall be liable at the discretion of the Court to be imprisoned for any term not exceeding ten years.

l'eunlty on rer· 108. If any person shall land or unship or shall muve in order to the landing or uushipping ~;~~~~f:~un,~o~~ ther~of any thing from. on board any vessel liable to .perform quarantine as aforesaid, or. shall knowingly &c. fro;;, g ve,;- rece1ve the same after 1t has been so landed or unshipped, every such person shall forfmt and pay a sum selil liable to not exceding five hundred pounds ; and if any person shall clandestinely convey or secrete or conceal for pc~orm , ?"."~- the purpose of conveying anything from any vessel actually performing quarantine or from the lazaret or f~~ ~~~,';"~:~n; other plac~ where such _thing ~hall be performing quarantrne, every person so offending as last aforesaid vessel• actoally shall forfo1t a sum not exceeding one hundred pounds. ~;~~~:~\~~. 109. All proceedings under this Part of this Act, except with regard to offences hereby declared

Proeecdin"s to he to be felony, shall be heard and determined before two justices in a summary way. taken " More 110. Where any penalty shall be incurred under any of the provisions of this Part of this Act, Jn•tkcs. two-thirds of such penalty shall belong to the informer.

Info:mer to1 .r~- 111. No action suit or other proceeding shall be brougl,L ,;crainst any person for any matter or ~~~;:~:;~i;,~~r s thing done in pursuance of this Part of this Act but within six months after such matter or thing shall

vm:tation 01 act- have been done; and if any action suit or other proceeding shall be brought. or prosecuted against any ion•. . person for anything done in pursuance of this Part of this Act, the defendant in every such action suit or

Ge:~~~~~f~~ may other proceeding may plead the general issue and may give this Act and the special matter in evidence ' · in any trial to be had thereupon.

23

112. In any prosecution suit or other proceeding against any person for any offence against this Stlltements of Part of this Act or any order of the Governor in Council made thereunder, the statements or answers m~~ter to be made by the master or other pe~son in cha,rge of any vessel arriving in Victoria (other than the pilot) to ev ence. the health officer shall be rece1ved as ev1dence, so far as the same relate to the place from whwh such vessel shall arrive or come or to the places at which such vessel touched in the course. of the voyage and that such vessel was liable to quarantine ; unless satisfactory proof shall be produced by the defendant in any such prosecution suit or other proceeding to show that the vessel did not arrive from or touch at any such place as is mentioned in the said statement or answer or that such vessel although directed to perform quarantine was not liable to the performance thereof; and where any vessel shall have been in fact put under quarantine at any place by the superintendent of quarantine or his assistants or by any person duly authorised to act in that behalf and shall be actually performing quarantine, such vessel shall in any prosecution suit or other proceeding against any person for any offence against this Part of this Act or auy order of the Governor in Council made hereunder may be deemed and taken to be liable to quarantine without proving in what manner such liability arose.

Tlbe EigMlt Sckeilule. REPORT and Answers to Questions as to the present and previous

Passengers and Crew on board the undermentioned Vessel by (Master) (acting as Master) of the said Vessel.

state of the Health of the Boo~on 92.

Name of Vessel.

Port of Departure

or Loading.

days.

Number of Persons

now on board

1----'--1--·----

Number of Deaths which

occurred during tbe Voyage. Causes of

Death in

each instance.

Question No. 1.-Did any contagious or infectious disease prevail at the port from which you sailed P If so what was the nature of such disease P

.Anstver ........... .

Question No. 2.-Have you had any communication with any infected port or vessel during the voyage? If so when and where and what was the nature of the disease infecting such port or vessel P

.Answer ........... .

Question No. 3.-Have you any sickness on board at present P If so what is that sickness and what number of cases have you under treatment P

.Answer ........... .

Question No. 4.-Has any case of Small-pox or any form of Eruptive Skin Disease l<'ever Scarlatina Plague Cholera or other infectious or contagious disease or has any case of any other kind of sickness or disease occurred on board during the voyage P If so state the number of cases and the dates of attack and convalescence or termination of the first and last eases of each disease •

.Answer ........... .

Question No. 5.-Have the clothes and bedding used by those persons who have suffered from infectious or contagious disease during the voyage been either destroyed or passed through l10iling water .

.Answer .......... ..

Question No. 6.-What means if any have been adopted for preventing the spread of any infectious or contagious disease which has occurred during the voyage from the person or persons affected amongst the other persons on board? ·

.Answer .......... ..

Tke Nintlt Sch.cdAtle.

Clean Blll of Health granted to the J\:Taster. Section 94.

Given under my hand, this day of 1H6 •

'Health Oilicer.

By Authority: JoRN FERREs, Government Printer, Melbourne.