approved by: mr. fathalla...

First Semester Report

Fall-2012

-Full Report-

By

Prepared to partially fulfill the requirements for

ECE401: Senior Design I

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Colorado State University

Fort Collins, Colorado 80523

Project Advisor: Dr. George Collins

Graduate Advisor: Mr. Fathalla Eldali

Approved By: _ Mr. Fathalla Eldali _

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Have you ever wondered how it is to live in Dark?! There is one thing that it is known as

a fact, “You cannot lose what you never had”. Do we know what the price of power is? Look

around you, will you find something operating without some kind of power involved? In order

for us to understand how important to live in a place where is no outages, we need to know what

the outages are? How we intend to avoid it? Why does it happened?

Under the supervision of Dr. Collins, our main goal of this semester was to learn and earn

the skills needed to use Siemens software Power System Simulation for Engineering which

called (PSS®E). This program is used to conduct power flow analysis in such way is that we

could design and run simulation on bulk electric system models. This program is available in the

electrical and computer engineering labs. This study will help to achieve our goal and that is

reaching to a better understanding in how power plant works.

Then, we will be able to create a case with necessary multiple files such as *.con,*.mon,

and *.sub and it will include all the information necessary to begin simulation. After that, we will

be evaluating and running some tests to provide a better solution to overcome the overloads. We

planning to create documents that help students to investigate and learn PSS®E for power flow

analysis in power system class.

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I. Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 4

II. Project summary ...................................................................................................................... 6

III. Fall semester accomplishments............................................................................................ 6

Lab 1: Introduction to Power Flow in PSS®E ........................................................................ 6

Lab 2: One-Line Diagrams ...................................................................................................... 8

Lab 3: Solving for Outages ...................................................................................................... 9

Lab 4: AC Contingency Calculation Report .......................................................................... 10

IV. Current work ...................................................................................................................... 11

a. Writing contingency file................................................................................................. 11

b. Writing monitor file ....................................................................................................... 11

c. Writing subsystem file ................................................................................................... 11

V. Conculation and Future Work ............................................................................................... 12

Future Plan ................................................................................................................. 12

Timeline and assignment ........................................................................................... 12

Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 13

Appendix A: List of Abbreviations ........................................................................................... 14

Appendix B: Budget .................................................................................................................. 14

Appendix C: Timelines ............................................................................................................. 15

Appendix D: Lab results and necessities................................................................................... 18

VI. Acknowledgement ............................................................................................................. 20

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Figure 1. sample.sav capture ........................................................................................................... 7

Figure 2. a slider file *.sld .............................................................................................................. 8

Figure 3. outage preformed on the sample.sld ................................................................................ 9

Figure 4. ACCC report .................................................................................................................. 10

Figure 5. a slider file *.sld ............................................................................................................ 18

Figure 6. *.con, *.mon, and *.sub files. ........................................................................................ 19

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This project is meant to develop the stability and brings on better solution and backups

plans for any given power plant. The power simulation system for engineers PSS®E is going to

be our main tool that we will use to serve the goals of this project. Our study will focus on the

power flow and the way it behaves in normal conditions. This study will be applied before we

turn our attention to learn about the behavior of the power flow under any fault or outage.

The study of the power flow analysis using the power simulation system for engineers

will be going through different stations starting by introduction to get more familiarized with the

power simulation system for engineers program and get to know the main element of the power

plant. At first it is necessary to be educated about the power plant and its main elements such as

busses, branches, generators, and transformers. Introducing some of the main terms this report will be focused on we should start with

Power Flow. The user should be able to analyze the performance of power systems in both

normal operating conditions and under fault (short-circuit) condition. The study in normal

steady-state operation is called a power-flow study (load-flow study) and it targets on

determining the voltages, currents, and real and reactive power flows in a system under a given

load conditions. The purpose of power flow studies is to plan ahead and prepare for “system

normal minus one” (N-1) contingences. Power flow studies are fundamental for planning engineers to analyze proposed power

system upgrades. A power flow study also can be used to determine the best and most effective

design of power systems. The PSS/E interface supports a variety of interactive facilities including: • Introduction, modification and deletion of network data using a spreadsheet • Creation of networks and one-line diagrams • Steady-state analyses (load flow, fault analysis, optimal power flow, etc.) • Presentation of steady-state analysis results PSS®E which is focused on power flow, rather than dynamic simulations. PSS®E uses a

graphical user interface that is comprised of all the functionality of state analysis; including load

flow, fault analysis, optimal power flow, equivalency, and switching studies. PSS®E provides the user with a wide range of assisting programs for installation, data input,

output, manipulation and preparation. More importantly, PSS®E allows the user of having a

control over the applications of these computational tools. Buses: this is often in circuit analysis referred to as a node. Busses connect components

(machines, loads, etc.) in the circuit to one another. Branches: they represent transmission lines and they are characterized by impedance.

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Loads: loads are the elements which consume power; loads in AC systems consume real and

reactive power. Machines: they generate power and provide it for the system. 2 Winding Transformer: two to one Transformer Switched Shunts: capacitive or inductive to reduce reactive power in the system This report will be covering five different chapters including this introduction to give our

audience the complete idea of the project with as much details as needed. After this introduction chapter there comes the project summery this project is to deliver

our purpose and goals and what can be said about the project in few words. The next chapter is

the

Fall semester accomplishment where there is what progress has the team done during the

fall semester of the project. Next chapter is about what is the team currently working on with

more explanation about that. Finally we sum up with conclusion that contains what the team has

earned from this semester and what are goals have been accomplished and what is the plan for

the spring semester with the targets that the team will be working to achieve.

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We chose the project to be our senior design project because of our interests in Power

field in our future career. These interests led us to work with Dr. Collins to research in power

area using software called Power System Simulation for Engineering (PSS®E). In order for us to

be introduce to the PSS®E, Dr. Collins suggested that we work on the lab manuals for his class

Power Systems. We completed working the labs until lab 5 which did not work as it’s supposed

to be due to the structure of the lab built on old version of PSS®E that is different of what the

CSU computers lab have ( version 32.0.3) . As we went through the labs, we gained a better

understanding of the software and we started to rearrange lab 5 titled “Multiple ACCC Report”.

We plan to finish editing this lab before January 1st of 2013 to work correctly.

For this semester, our goal is to get familiar with PSS®E software and master the basic tools

to propose studies using the program to upgrades power system on Bonanza TOT1A. These labs

introduce the fundamental of power flow analysis. We accomplished the following labs learning

and revising:

Introduction to Power Flow in PSS®E

The purpose of this lab is to get to know important components used to analyze the power

flow study. This lab introduce the save file *.sav which is a binary image of the load power flow

working case. The file specified to 19 tabs of all the components and functions in the system.

Through the lab we focused on six tabs and they are:

Bus: includes the buses name, number, voltage in kV, code, etc.

Branch: shows transmission lines and data record of the system.

Load: shows the elements that consume power both real and reactive power.

Machine: generate power and apply it to the system.

2 Winding Transformer: shows the data records block of the system.

Switched shunt: it shows the capacitive or inductive that reduces the reactive power in the

system.

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The save file is storage of all the data of any power system that need to analyze for configure the

power flow behavior Figure 1.

Figure 1. Sample.sav capture

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One-Line Diagrams

In the second the lab, we started to know an important file called slider file *.sld which is

a one-line diagram represent of three phases power system. These phases are balanced in power

engineering therefore, they can be examine as single phase. Slider file is a grid as in Figure 2

where it shows the power system on sample case that we are using in these labs. slider file is

linked to the save file where it shows all the data records so any changes in either file will

change in the other one. We learn a lot by doing this lab and allow us to think of creating a slider

file if we have save file handy. All the components shown are color coded based on voltage flow.

One more thing we learned after creating or editing the slider file is that we solve the system

using the PSS®E to create all necessary calculations in a power flow analysis. The result grid

shown in Figure 2, shows the percentage of the loads in the branches and what needs to looking

for to overcome any overloads. Overloads appear in dark red color that is over 100% of it is rated

capacity. Also, we followed the direction of the power flow during the analysis.

Figure 2. A slider file *.sld

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Solving for Outages

In lab 3, the purpose is to learn how to solve for outages in power system. Using the

slider file created in lab 2, we created fault outages and then solve these outages. The benefit of

creating an outage is to learn how the power flow performance changes through the system.

After solving the system in lab 2, we took a bus or other elements out of service and investigate

its impact to the system. The transmission line that connected to equipment where it’s out of

service are changed into dotted lines and the grid is grayed out. Dotted lines mean the items are

not in service anymore and the system has to be solved again. Figure 3.

Figure 3. Outage preformed on the sample.sld

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AC Contingency Calculation Report

ACCC; AC Contingency Calculation report is a result of a power flow study on a specific

zone. In order to interpret an ACCC report we have to write three important files which are

Contingency file *.con, Monitor file *.mon, and Subsystem file *.sub. these files set up to

overcome any necessary overloads that needs to be taking care of. In lab 3, we did this manually

but here using ACCC method will take care of that automatically. Below is a portion of ACCC

report taking from the lab manual that shows the monitor branches and the name of the

contingency with loads. Figure 4.

Figure 4. ACCC report

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We conducted to work in fixing lab 5 multiple ACCC report. We need to design the lab so

that the user (student of Power System class) will have an easy access to complete the lab in the

PSS®E 32 version without any problems. On the sample case that we are working on, the grid

has 9 zones and each zone will need a contingency, monitor, and subsystem files to run ACCC

report. The files are shown below:

a- Writing contingency file *.con: it’s the way to trip equipment, once at a time from

service. When system has no outages is called system intact N-0 and when a single line is

taken out of service, it’s referred to N-1. Below is portion of the code from the lab 5

manual:

COM

COM Contingency Description File for zone# Study, Outages

COM

TRACE

CONTINGENCY NUC-MD5

TRIP LINE FROM BUS 151 TO BUS 152

END

b- Writing monitor file *.mon: this file will choose branches to be supervised during N-1

contingency by the power flow software for prescribed zone. Below is portion of the code

from the lab 5 manual:

COM

COM Monitored Element Description File for zone# Study, Outage

COM

MONITOR BRANCHES IN SUBSYSTEM OVERAL

MONITOR VOLTAGE RANGE SUBSYSTEM OVERAL 0.90 1.10

MONITOR VOLTAGE DEVIATION SUBSYSTEM OVERAL 0.5 0.5

MONITOR INTERFACE ZONE6H RATING 500 MW

152 3004

3002 3004

END

END

c- Writing subsystem file *.sub: this file direct power flow analysis to only look at a

specific zone of the network. Below is portion of the code from the lab 5 manual:

COM

COM System description file for zone# FLOW STUDY

COM

SUBSYSTEM OVERAL

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BUS 101

BUS 102

BUS 151

BUS 152

BUS 153

BUS 154

BUS 155

END

END

Future Plan:

During the spring semester the team will have another sample case of the power

simulation system for engineers to work with. We will need to apply everything we learned

during Fall semester in this project. Since the older sample file is no longer valid to use by

student the team will help creating new lab manuals that apply to the new case to make it easy

for other students to learn about PSS®E. then, a study for the system when it is under fault will

be applied to find contingency plans (solutions), then test them and see if they are the appropriate

and if they can overcome the overloads and outages effects on the system.

Timeline and Assignments:

During the January of 2013 our team is expected to be done with creating the first lab

which is an introduction to power flow analyzing. In February the team will be covering creating

and modifying the .con, .sub, .mon files and do the configurations and apply the contingency

analyzes. A second lab manual for the creating and modifying will be created after we finish the

study.

In March the team is expected to have the study of the analyzes overloads which will be

creating, adding and simulate solutions to the under fault given system. A lab manual will be

created to teach about the testing the system for overloads.

In April, the team is expected to be done with the reanalyzing and evaluate the found

contingency plans.

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Job to do Khamal Meshari date

Research for the first

lab of the new sample

case

Working together 1/21/13 - 2/4/13

Outlines and main

points

2/4/13 - 2/18/13

Create the lab and do

the writing

Writing the lab Check and ask the

adviser questions if

needed

2/18/13 - 2/25/13

Test the lab and make

sure of no mistakes

Working together then meeting the adviser for

last changes

2/25/13 - 3/4/13

covering creating and

modifying the .con,

.sub, .mon files for the

new case and do the

configurations and

apply contingency


Creating a 2nd

lab

about con, .sub, .mon

files

Study, research and outline 3/18/13 - 3/25/13

Creating a 2nd lab

about con, .sub, .mon

files

Review and make sure

of no mistakes

Writing the lab 03/25/13 - 4/1/13

study of the analyzes

overloads which will

be creating, adding and

simulate solutions to

the under fault given

system


A lab manual will be

created to teach about

the testing the system

for overloads.

Research and outline 04/08/13 - 04/15/13

Writing the lab Review and make sure

of no mistake

04/15/13 – 04/22/13

reanalyzing and

evaluate the found

contingency plans.

Working together 0/4/22/13 - 04/3013

Conclusion:

This project is meant to benefit the industry of power generation with studies of the

overcoming the system when is under fault or outage on a smaller fake case that will help us as

student to get trained and be very familiar with power plants. Power simulation system for

engineers PSS®E is the software that we used to serve our purposes. Also new lab manual for

students of the power systems class will be created to make sure they have the best knowledge of

the PSS®E in the easiest way.

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Appendix A: List of Abbreviations

PSS®E : Power System Simulation for Engineering

ACCC : AC Contingency Calculation

N-1 : Contingency

E-Day : Engineering Day

Appendix B: Budget

As of right now, our project budget is very limited because we will be researching and

completing lab and creating lab manual using PSS®E program which is provided on the lab

computers by Colorado State University. This program is what we basically all need. We might

need to spend some money on E- Day supplies for a couple poster boards, some double-sided

tape, and to print out large posters on a plotter.

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Appendix C: Timelines

Friday, August 31, 2012

Task Week #

Meshari’s project plan. Khamal’s project plan.

I worked in set up the equipment and

timeline the project.

Review the PSS®E labs Week 1

As of this week, I will start working in

PSS®E labs first, introduction to PSS®E

how to use it and get familiar with.

Second, working on One-line diagrams

which is simplified graphical

representation of a three phase power

system, used extensively in power flow

studies.

Rewrite lab 1,2 Week 2

Working in Solving for outages in the

power system by creating, solving, and

recording the effect of individual

outages.

Rewrite lab 3 Week 3

Create AC contingency Calculation

report and get an understanding of

ACCC feature of PSS®E to perform a

power flow study on a particular zone.


Multiple ACCC report. Rewrite lab 5 Week 5

Multiple ACCC report. Cont.. Rewrite lab 6 Week 6

Load Shedding by developing and

analyzing load shedding strategies

based on a simplified model for a small

city. Develop power systems from

scratch.

Check all labs and make sure

no mistakes were made.

Week 7

From week 8 till week 15, we intend to build a new lab titled “Addition

of Generation” demo to be presented next year for the student using

PSS®E. this lab will be in a wind farm as a base case and analyze the

effects using PSS®E.

Week 8-15

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Monday, September 10, 2012

Task Week #




Review the PSS®E labs Week 1








studies.

Rewrite lab 1,2 Week 2




outages.







Multiple ACCC report. Rewrite lab 5 Week 5

Multiple ACCC report. Cont. Rewrite lab 6 Week 6

Load Shedding by developing and

analyzing load shedding strategies

based on a simplified model for a small

city. Develop power systems from

scratch.

Check all labs and make sure

no mistakes were made.

Week 7

From week 8 till week 15, we intend to build a new lab titled “Addition of

Generation” demo to be presented next year for the student using PSS®E.

this lab will be in a wind farm as a base case and analyze the effects using

PSS®E. in details, week 8 will be researching and reading in how the wind

farm work and what we need to collect. Week 9, we will gather to share

the information to outline the benefits and the goal of the lab. Week 10,

we will be sitting with Dr. Collins to comment about the lab plan and goal

Week 8-15

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Friday, October 19, 2012

Task Date




Review the PSS®E labs 8/20/12








studies.

Rewrite lab 1,2 8/27/12




outages.

Rewrite lab 3 9/3/12






Multiple ACCC report. Rewrite lab 5 10/1/12

Creating Multiple files for different

Zones in the Sample file.


Testing *.Con, *.Mon, and *.Sub Files in PSS®E 12/2/12

and revise. Week 11-14, start working in the lab and create the format and

redo it multiple times to insure we cover all the possible errors that may

occur during the lab steps.

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Appendix D: Lab results and necessities

Figure 5. A slider file *.sld, we created in Lab 2 that shows how our learning skills improved in

establishing a slider file for a system

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Figure 6. We created the three files needed to create ACCC report for zone 2 as a sample will be

published in lab 5 manual.

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Special thanks are due to Prof. George Collins, Senior Project supervisor of the Project

Bonanza Effects on TOT1A, who gave us the chance to be part of this team to learn and have

this phenomenal experience which hopefully will give us a little taste of the power industry.

Mr. Fathalla Eldali, who being around when we needed him planning and answering

questions regarding power in general. Also, thanks to him for his contributions regarding using

the PSS®E program.

Mr. Joe Liberatore, our industry advisor for his contributions in planning our goals for

next semester. We will need his professional skills in learning PSS®E.

approved by: mr. fathalla...

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