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Department of Statistics, Malaysia
United Nations Regional Meeting on Disability Measurement and Statistics in support of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and
the 2020 World Population and Housing Census Programme Bangkok, Thailand
26-28 July 2016
APPROACHES USED TO
MEASURE DISABILITY
THROUGH CENSUSES :
MALAYSIAN EXPERIENCE
27 July 2016
Department of Statistics, Malaysia
BACKGROUND
CENSUS TOPICS
CENSUS ON DISABILITY
QUESTION ON PERSON WITH DISABILITIES
DEFINITION ON PERSON WITH DISABILITIES
TYPE OF DISABILITIES
ISSUES & CHALLENGES AND LESSON LEARNED
SOURCE OF DISABILITY DATA
STATISTICS ON DISABILITY
CONTENT
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Department of Statistics, Malaysia
BACKGROUND
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Population and Housing Census is carried out every 10 years
Census 2010 is the fifth series of Census conducted by DOSM (1970,1980,1991,2000 and 2010). Census Date is on 6 July 2010
The objective is to have a total coverage and to accurately count and measure the numbers and key characteristics of the population, households and living quarters in Malaysia.
The Census is conducted based on the CENSUS ACT, 1960 (Act 16), revised 1969 with the collaboration of the State Governments.
Follows UN recommendations- Principles and Recommendations for Population and Housing Censuses, Revision 2, UN.
Department of Statistics, Malaysia
No.
Activity 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
1. Census preparatory work
2. Frame and mapping
3. Purchase of asset/recruitment
4. Pre-tests
5. Census publicity
6. Trial census
7. Printing & preparation of census
documents
8. ACTUAL CENSUS
9. Preliminary count
10. Processing activities
11. Preparation of census reports
12. Post enumeration survey
2010 CENSUS TIMETABLE
Department of Statistics, Malaysia
APPROACH/METHOD
– DATA COLLECTION
Census-taking using multi-modal approach:
The traditional face to face interview
Self enumeration using:
Manual/hard copy forms (Drop- off pick-
up method)
Electronic/internet based form (e-Census)
Department of Statistics, Malaysia 6
Living Quarters Information
Type
Location
No. of storey
Construction material of outer walls
Occupancy
No. of rooms/bedrooms
Facilities- water/electricity/toilet/garbage collection
Households Information
No. of persons per household
Disability
Ownership status
Rented household/Rental payment
Household items
Involvement in agriculture activities
CENSUS TOPICS
Department of Statistics, Malaysia 7
Persons information
Demographic & social characteristics- age, sex, marital status, religion, ehtnicity etc
Geographical & migration
Education
Economics- (Occupation & Indusrty)
Fertility & mortality – East Malaysia only
Disability
Census information on disability : collected during 2000 & 2010 Census
CENSUS TOPICS
Department of Statistics, Malaysia
• Request from the Ministry of Women, Family & Community Development (MWFCD)
• To obtain disability statistivs
Reasons for inclusion
• From the Department of Social Welfare under MWFCD
Definition, category &
classification
• Tested during Pre-test & Trial Census
• Feedback from Department of Social Welfare Question
development
• Face-to-face interview: Based on answer from respondents or observation by enumerators
• Self-enumeration : Based on answer from respondents
Method of questioning
Department of Statistics, Malaysia
CENSUS 2000
CENSUS 2010
Department of Statistics, Malaysia
A person who experience loss, change or abnormalities of any parts of the body, nervous system, organ functions or limitation of physical/mental abilities
A disability may be present from birth, or occur later in life and may be permanent or temporary in nature (more than six (6) months).
This condition prevent the person to participate fully and effectively in performing basic activity functions, living in a society and interact in physical and cultural environment
Department of Statistics, Malaysia
SIGHT IMPAIRMENT An individual who is unable to see completely or experience limited eyesight either on one eye or both even by using vision aids such as spectacles or contact lenses.
HEARING IMPAIRMENT An individual who is unable to hear clearly in both ears without using hearing aid or unable to hear completely even by using hearing aid.
SPEECH IMPAIRMENT An individual who is unable to speak (mute) but can hear
PHYSICAL DISABILITIES An individual who is physically disabled due to loss of his/her body functions or any of his/her limb in any part of his/her body which may hinder his/her ability to live a normal life. Example: little people, lost of arm or feet or both, lost of thumb, paralysed, spina bifida, muscular dystrophy and cerebral palsy
Department of Statistics, Malaysia
SLOW LEARNER An individual whose learning ability is not at the same level of his/her biological age. Example: slow learner, down syndrome, intellectual disability, autism, attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD), specific learning problems (dyslexia, dyscalculia, dygraphia) and global development delay
MENTAL DISORDER An individual who suffers from severe mental disability and has undergone treatment or diagnosed as such for at least two years by a psychiatrist. Types of mental illnesses under this category are schizophrenia, mood disorder and cronic organic mental disorder
.
MULTIPLE DISABILITIES An individual who suffers from more than one disability and not suitable to be classified under any of the six (6) other categories. Example: an individual who suffers from 2 types of disabilities (sight and hearing disabilities) will be registered under the multiple disabilities category
Department of Statistics, Malaysia
ISSUES & CHALLENGES
• Unwillingness to answer by respondents
• Stigma on disability
• Lack of experience of enumerators
• Low/non-response caused under-reporting of disability data
• Inconsistent data on disability compared to administrative data
LESSON LEARNED
• Promote awareness to the public to give cooperation
• Promote awareness on the importance of census information
• Improve training of enumerators/supervisors/etc
• Strengthen cooperation with other agencies involved in disability program
• Administrative data as control figure for editing of disability data
Department of Statistics, Malaysia
OTHER AGENCIES & NGO’s
ADMINISTRATIVE DATA
DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL WELFARE
MINISTRY OF HEALTH
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
POPULATION &
HOUSING
CENSUS DATA
Department of Statistics, Malaysia
Source: Department of Social Welfare http://www.jkm.gov.my/jkm/uploads/files/pdf/Buku%20JKM%202014.pdf
Department of Statistics, Malaysia
Source: Department of Social Welfare http://www.jkm.gov.my/jkm/uploads/files/pdf/Buku%20JKM%202014.pdf
Department of Statistics, Malaysia
Source: Department of Social Welfare http://www.jkm.gov.my/jkm/uploads/files/pdf/Buku%20JKM%202014.pdf
Department of Statistics, Malaysia
Source: Department of Social Welfare http://www.jkm.gov.my/jkm/uploads/files/pdf/Buku%20JKM%202014.pdf
Department of Statistics, Malaysia
Thank You
Department of Statistics, Malaysia
•DOSM POPULATION
CENSUSES
•DOSW
•MOE ADMINISTRATIVE
SOURCES
•MOH SAMPLE SURVEYS
SOURCES OF DATA
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