approaches and strategies for measuring sti mr. mr n srinivasan

National Consultative WorkshopStrengthening and Road Mapping of Emerging Technology Innovation Systems of Sri Lanka

17-19 November 2015 Colombo, Sri Lanka

Approaches and strategies for measuring Science, Technology and

Innovation (STI)Mr. N. Srinivasan

Coordinator - Science, Technology, and InnovationAsian and Pacific Centre for Transfer of Technology (APCTT) of the

United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UN ESCAP) in New Delhi, India(Acknowledgement : Assistance in research and preparation of presentation by

Ms. Becky Byler, APCTT Intern, Yale School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, USA)

• Measuring STI

• Current STI indicators and databases

• Global Innovation Index (GII)

• GII of Sri Lanka, China, Republic of Korea and India

Presentation Overview

• Need for balanced, STI-based development using the three pillars of sustainable development: economy, society, and the environment

• Adequate monitoring and evaluation are required for evidence-based creation and governance of national STI policies

• Current S&T indicators were developed over a period of time dominated by economics and business (e.g. GDP, FDI, GERD)

• Difficulties faced with measuring biotechnology due to lack of standardized global methodologies (i.e. definition of “biotechnology” and inconsistent data collection)

• As a new, convergent technology, sufficient indicators to measure nanotechnology are both unavailable and not yet developed

Measuring STI

• Global Innovation Index

• Traditional S&T Indicators (World Bank, WIPO, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNESCAP Statistical Year Book)

• OECD Science Industry Scoreboard and Measurement of STI Indicators

• Web of Science ISI Citation Index Database

• Many private companies and government agencies also contribute to their specific country’s pooled STI database; however, there exists the need to mainstream their contribution to the global STI database (e.g. NSF, EY)

Current STI Indicators and Databases

Global Innovation Index (GII)

GII Indices

• Institutions• Human Capital and

Research• Infrastructure• Market

Sophistication• Business

Sophistication• Knowledge and

Technology Outputs

• Creative Outputs

• Composite indicator that ranks countries in terms of their enabling environment to innovation and their innovation outputs

• Aims to go beyond traditional measures of innovation (e.g. R&D expenses/patents)

• Currently analyzes 7 indices comprising of 81 qualitative and quantitative innovation “input” and “output” indicators

• Annually surveys 143 countries

Global Innovation Index

Global Innovation Efficiency

GII: Sri Lanka (2011-2014)

GII Indices:





Technology Outputs


GII: China (2011-2014)

GII Indices:





Technology Outputs


GII: Korea (2011-2014)

GII Indices:





Technology Outputs


GII: India (2011-2014)

GII Indices:





Technology Outputs


Traditional S&T Indicators• R&D Expenditure• Researchers in R&D• Technicians in R&D• Patent Applications (Resident vs. Non-Resident)• Scientific and Technical Journal Articles• High-Technology Exports

R&D Expenditures: 2006-2012

Sri Lanka Australia China India Japan Korea Malaysia Thailand Belgium Canada France Germany Spain Switzerland UK USA

% o

f GDP


Sri Lanka Malaysia Thailand Belgium Spain Switzerland

Technicians in R&D: 2006-2012#

of Te

chni

cian

s per

Mill

ion

Peop

le

High-Tech Exports: 2006-2013


% o

f Man

ufac

ture

d Ex

port

s

Patent Applications: 2006-2013


Sri Lanka Malaysia Thailand Belgium Spain Switzerland

Non-Residents

All Colors are Residents

References1. Global Innovation Index Reports (Accessed July 10, 2015)

http://www.globalinnovationindex.org

2. World Bank Science and Technology Indicators (Accessed July 8, 2015)http://data.worldbank.org/indicator#topic-14

http://www.globalinnovationindex.org/



http://data.worldbank.org/indicator#topic-14



National Consultative WorkshopStrengthening and Road Mapping of Emerging Technology Innovation Systems of Sri Lanka

17-19 November 2015 Colombo, Sri Lanka

Thank you

Mr. N. SrinivasanCoordinator, Science, Technology, and Innovation

Asian and Pacific Centre for Transfer of Technology (APCTT) of theUnited Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UN ESCAP) in New Delhi, India