approach to eco-store –eco-friendly shopping centers-- · reflect sc operators’ intent from the...

APPROACH TO "ECO-STORE" –ECO-FRIENDLY SHOPPING CENTERS--

Tetsuya HARA1 Yoshifumi SAKAGUCHI1

1 Building Design Dept., TAKENAKA Corporation, 4-1-13, Honmachi, Chuou-ku, Osaka 541-0053, Japan [email protected]

Keywords: eco-store, sustainable, consumers, community, relationships, partnership, integrate

Summary Æon, general merchandise store, and Takenaka have continued the research group to realize the “Eco Store”, the brand new environment conscious shopping center (SC) for the sustainable society. Its prototype is Æon Chigusa SC (Nagoya, Japan). The joint research group studied the nature of the SC business to establish the system identifying and integrating the requests of the stakeholders: SC owners/operators, consumers, local community, architects/designers/engineers (referred to as architects in the following). The consumers’ consciousness and the harmonization of SC into the local community and culture are also addressed. The key to create the attractive SC is for the stakeholders to continue exhausting the efforts on tapping the maximum potential of the SC for the resulted changes to be accumulated.

1. Definition of “Eco-Store” SC has high environmental loads with much energy consumption and short lifetime of the buildings. Moreover, the SC business itself largely impacts the environment especially in the context of the traffic and wastes. In short, SC reminds us of the mass production and mass wastes. As the general public access to SCs, its impact to public opinion (mentality) on the environment is not small at all. Æon and Takenaka have continued the research group on “Eco Store” from the perspective of SC operator and architects, respectively. Its prototype is Æon Chikusa SC (Nagoya, Japan) opened in May 2005.

Figure 1 Overview of Æon Chigusa SC

1.1 SC and Sustainability

In order to realize the sustainable society, it is necessary not only to study respective SC location but also to revisit the nature of the SC business as a whole. The absolutely necessary target of the SC operators developing SCs nationwide is the management efficiency. SCs and shops appealing the most current specifications are always built throughout the nation investing the most advanced operation know-how. On the other hand, for SC to establish its presence in the local community, it is indispensable to earn the consensus of consumers and local community which have different features by the location, instead of SC operators unilaterally conduct its own way. When SCs function as the components of the circulation of the resource ad capital in the local community and assume the central role in the local community with its large impact, SCs can be the nodes among the SC operators, consumers and the local community.

The 2005 World Sustainable Building Conference,Tokyo, 27-29 September 2005 (SB05Tokyo)

- 755 -

01-108

1.1.1 The First Environment Conscious SC in Japan

SCs offer the major conveniences to the local community while trigger mass traffic, mass consumption and mass wastes resulting in the environmental degradation. SC operators have had continued their efforts to address this contradiction, but such efforts have been always unilateral from the operators to the local community. Especially in the construction phase, there was no system in the conventional contract scheme (preliminary drawing phase, bidding phase, detail design phase and then the contractor is appointed) to fully reflect SC operators’ intent from the early design phase through to the completion of the construction and also to appeal the resulted work product in the form of SC to the local community. For the sustainable society, it is indispensable to establish the institution to accurately reflect SC operator’s intent to the SC. In Æon Chigusa SC project, launched as the first environment conscious SC in Japan, the first common target shared by Æon and Takenaka is to reduce the environment load. The efficacy of the available element technologies for he load reduction was verified and introduced in the program from the early design phase. On the other hand, the attractiveness of SC itself in its architecture and space is also the important factor to be addressed. Recently, SCs to stay longer hours with wide-ranging food and beverage space and amusement facilities are increasing. Accordingly, SCs should offer the attractive space for family to spend relaxing and comfortable hours on holidays. Æon Chigusa SC pursues the brand new comfortable interior and exterior space, different from the conventional SC setting. The interior mall space is covered with greeneries with light and wind taken in to avoid the feeling of the blocked or oppressed even staying for long hours. The exterior space offers the comforts whenever the consumers visit including the approach space to the parking area.

Figure 2 Æon Chigusa SC Proposal in the Initial Phase

1.1.2 Sustainability

SCs, which daily involve with the consumers and local community, are the most effective communication media between SC operators and consumers/local community. The conventionally conducted consumers’ questionnaire can be further developed to establish the system enabling the easy contact of SC visitors, the consumers, with the SC operator, for the exchange of opinions. This communication can be further enriched and enlarged on the continuing basis as well as on the mutually interactive basis. In Æon Chigusa Project, with the assumption of the aforementioned possibility, we set up the target to establish the communication method with SC serving as the communication medium. By appealing the wide-ranging element technologies introduced for environment load reduction and new ideas prepared to improve the attractiveness of the space in the visible way to the SC visitors, SC itself serves as the message easy for consumers and the local community to understand. As this is the new venture both for Æon and Takenaka, the business feasibilities and other various studies should be conducted This new version of SC let the consumers recognize its scheme to cut the environment load, which in turn triggers the interests of the consumers and the local community to open up the mutual communication. When the communication is continued and developed, the sustainable circulation of resource and capital should be emerged.

1.2 Partnership

The SC operator and architect unveil the SC embedded with their intentions. The SC, in this context, is not only the physical building but also is the representation of the business concept and the message for the sustainability. “Eco-Store” has the role to let the consumers and the local community welcome the message and develop the message to the continuing activities on the mutual direction.

1.2.1 Consumers’ Consciousness

“Æon tree planting festival” has the history serving as the method to broadly send Æon’s eco message. During the construction of new SC, about 1000 people who want to join among the neighboring residents


plant 10,000 nursery plants in the site prior to the completion. This festival event always attracts largely more applicants than the scheduled number, which should reflect that the neighboring residents who are the potential consumers are quite interested in the SC to be opened and that they are motivated to participate to the events organized by SC. The SC, with the scale of the impact to the local community, naturally serves as the attraction, hub for the consumers and the local community. This is the good example not to force them to improve the eco consciousness but to make them the main players in improving the eco consciousness. Our approach is to enlighten the consumers and the local community for the sustainable society in the communication with them tapping the SC’s features as the attraction in the community. The feedback from them further upgrades the mutual behavior and consciousness to follow the spiral upgrading as a whole.

1.2.2 Local Society and Culture

The consensus with the consumers and the local community is visibly nurtured with all the stakeholders sharing the joint mission through the events. Furthermore, the SC can take more dynamic approach to the consumers and the local community by providing the venue for the succession and the development of the culture inherent to the locality and by forming the network through the cultural activities accommodated in the SC, as examples. Then as a result, the SC can be positioned as the center of the local community. On the other hand, the static approach can be also taken in the SC to appreciate and to represent the culture inherent to the locality. For example, it is possible to weave the SC in the local context with its architecture and the space of the SC; the natural elements inherent to the locality (water, trees, material, color scheme, light, etc.) are introduced and expressed and the history/culture of the locality (well, waterway, remnants of an old building) are restored for the re-recognition in the community. Various arrangements are embedded in the program for the consumers/local community to appreciate such messages which the SC operator/architects try to share through the dynamic and static approaches, which enhances the consensus, the status at one point, to the partnership, the relationships.

1.3 “Eco-Store”

The profile of “Eco-Store” started as the “environment conscious SC” is finalized in the three points:

1. Reduce the environment load (environment performance)

2. Attractive space (design performance)

3. Send the message for the consumers to understand easily (public relation performance)

The priority consideration is given to the third point, which promotes the communication. The most important agendum for architects is to visualize the environment load reduction technologies so as to attract the consumers’ (including the children’s) interest and to integrate them into the architectural design.

Figure 3 Concept of “Eco-Store”

2. Concept of “Eco-Store” Based on the aforementioned discussion, “Eco-Store” is interpreted as the representation of the intents of the SC operator and architects, which are understood and endorsed by the consumers/local community to establish the active relationships among the stakeholders. Our agendum is to review the SC business and to establish the institution to extract and integrate the requests of the stakeholders: the SC operator, consumers, local community, and architects for the sustainable society. More specifically, the system is to

Eco-Store AEON & TAKENAKA realize the three-pint profile of “Eco-Store”.

Environment performanceFor children, our future generations �

Promote energy conservation. �Promote resource conservation. �Preserve the environment of the building exterior.

Design performanceFor visitors to the SC �

Improve the interior charms. �Improve the customer service performance. �Improve the environment of the building exterior.

Public Relation performance For future filled with dreams �

Create the warm-hearted space. �Appeal Æon’s social contribution activities. �Think about the environment issues with the SC visitors.

Reduce the environmental load

Send the message for the consumers to understand easily

� � � � � � � � � �� Eco-store


integrate the various opinions on three perspectives: � information sharing and partnership � improve environment efficiency design. The consumers’ consciousness and the harmonization of the SC into the local society and culture are addressed. We also tried to make the prototype of the performance assessment tool enabling the comprehensive review (CASBEE-SC).

2.1 Disclosure (Think together with the consumers by disclosing corporate information)

“Eco-Information” is the tool to actively disclose Æon’s environment philosophy, eco activities and environment loads. “Eco-Information” is located in the SC for easy access by any person so as to promote the environment education among the users. “Eco-Information” introduces the element technologies adopted to reduce the environment loads not only in Chigusa location but also in other Æon SCs nationwide together with their effects. “Eco-Information” also introduces Æon’s environment activities and social contribution activities to appeal the corporate philosophy and its practice. “Eco-Information” also introduces eco activities by the third parties such as NPO to improve/enlighten the consumers’ eco consciousness. This can be linked to the internet. The system to exchange opinions with the consumers and local residents is also available. “Eco-Information” is the potential tool for the local exchanges and social contribution via culture and art, which is under study.

Figure 4 “Eco-Information”

2.2 Environment Load reduction

In order to realize the environment performance fitting as the “eco conscious SC”, the feasibility and efficacy of the wide-ranging element technologies are verified. Adopted technologies are to control heat island phenomenon ( with greenery and permeable pavement), to reduce thermal load ( with greenery and light shade), and to realize highly efficient system (light ducting. night purge, solar power generation, system using well water). Another agendum for us to integrate these technologies in the design so as to clearly demonstrate the technologies to the SC visitors. The business feasibility of each element technology is decided by calculating CO2 reduction, electric power saving, resulted monetary impact based on a certain parameters. Parameters: shop hours : 13 hours (10:00-23:00) CO2 control unit : electric power saving 0.5kg-CO2/year � kwh fixation with greenery 0.5kg-CO2/year � kg average electric power unit price 14 yen/kwh

Web page “Eco-Information” touch panel & monitor

We conduct public relation activities via internet.

Send WEB camera imaginary off site.

We communicate to the SC visitors for easy understanding.

Informations on eco-approach on and off-site.

��Disclose eco activities and social contribution

“Eco-Store” : visual and descriptive explanation Social contribution : Æon 21 action, etc. � Information directory terminal Shop directory : sales area, tenants, service in the SC, Æon card, other Æon service menu. Web page : Æon, links (NPO, overseas visual information) Poster : Events

“Eco-Information” clearly explains Æon’s eco- activities, accessable not only in the Chigusa SC but also via internet.


Environment Performance Scope of the SC Operator’s Work

No. Item CO2 control kg-CO2/year

Power Saving

kWh/year

Monetary Impact

1000yen/year 1 High efficient gas absorption type chiller 120,400 56,000� �

gas/year 3,066

2 H-type fluorescent lighting fixture 0 12,811 173 3 Lighting fixture w/daylight sensor 0 22,228 300 4 Local hot water supply -

- -

5 Water saving type sanitary fixture - - 164 6 Transport of chilled water tapping major temperature

gap 0 42,000 567

7 Cooling w/fresh air, min. fresh air volume? 0 119,880 1,618 8 CO2 control of fresh air volume 0 78,292 1,057 9 Frequency control of power for air handling units 0 15,120 204

10 Fan start/stop control w/temperature of chilled water 0 9,240 125 11 Warming up control of air handling exterior units???? 0 5,940 80 12 Two-way valve control of FCU system 0 9,144� �

gas/year 513

13 Thermo start/stop of ventilation, ante-room - - - 14 Demand monitoring control - - - 15 Improve power factor of electric power, condenser 30,813 65,700 6,737 16 Solar type movable powder fire extinguishing system - - - 17 Power saving not to subscribe to special high voltage

power transmission 25,577 54,750 5,852

18 Power saving with the dimming 21,158 45,114 609 Total

198,048

471,075 +65,144� �gas/year

21,065

Environment Performance Additional Works

No Item CO2 control

kg-

CO2/year

Power saving

kWh/year

Monetary impact

1000yen/year

1 Exterior skin/pavement scheme South parking lot: green block, ILB pavement 936 - -

2 3 Windmills for wind power generation 1,402 2,989 39 3 Food court (2/F): wood louver 12,254 26,128 353 4 Escalators: auto operation 22,032 46,976 634 5 Food court: interior design (ceiling fan, sound system) 5,434 11,587 156 6 Eco-Void Environment Creation 25 - - 7 Light ducting 8,474 18,068 244 8 Use waste water (except sanitary waste?? - - 2,646 9 Night purge 31,007 66,113 893

10 Increase pergolas 230 - - 11 Solar power generation 3,632 7,744 116 12 Eco-Information - - - 13 Eco-Information contents - - -

Total 85,425 179,605 5,081

Sub Total of SC Operator’s Works : 198,0485kg-CO2/year

Sub Total of Additional Works : 85,425kg-CO2/year

Total : 283,473kg-CO2/year On top of the element technologies originally included in the SC Operator’s work, the additional element technologies are covered in the additional works for the easy standing by the consumers. As a result, about 11.3% of the average CO2 emission per Æon shop, 2,504,000 kg-CO2/year (actual in 2001) can be cut.


2.2.1 Control Heat Island Phenomenon (with Greenery and Permeable Pavement)

The approach surface, which used to be paved in asphalt, is finished in the water-preserving interlocking blocks and permeable decolored asphalt to control heat island phenomenon. Furthermore, the green coverage ratio achieves 15% including the green area planted with nursery plants by the residents and the pergola installed on the roof-top parking lot, which results to reduce CO2 emission by 2,807kg/year. The approach in the south through the green plaza in north is opened to public for 24hours to be the venue for wide-ranging activities. The philosophy of the SC operator and architects to position the SC as the hub in the community is expressed in the exterior space.

Figure 5 Pavement Surface Temperature by Time

Figure 6 Green Plaza

2.2.2 Cut Thermal Load (with light shade)

The details of the light shade and green coverage on the wall surface are decided to maximize the appealing effects. The food court has the potential to realize the appealing effects as the visitors stay longer and not only the shoppers but the students and business persons in the neighborhood are to come. The wood light shade louvers are installed in the openings of the food court. The gentle texture of wood, which cannot be felt in the industrial products such as steel or aluminum, is the elements to compose the comfortable and attractive space. The wood louvers also serve to cut the thermal load, which in turn, further enhance the appealing effects. The reduction in the thermal load is projected to be 12,254 kg-CO2/year.

Figure 7 Wood Light Shade Louver: Details

Figure 8 Wood Light Shade Louver: Shading Effect

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Elevation Section

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0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24Time

FFFF asphalthi-reflecting asphalt

moisturized asphaltgreen

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Wood Light Shade Louver


2.2.3 Cut Thermal Load (with Greenery on Wall Surface and on Roof-top)

The exterior design is decided with the primary consideration to visualize environment conscious SC and to send the rich message to the third parties. The south approach is the face and symbol of the SC, which can get the maximum appealing effect besides the exterior pavement scheme and the louvers installed on the openings of the food court. Namely, the south approach is the most important space. The wall surface covered in greenery in the front offers the green landscaping integrated with the roadside trees. The wall is also embedded with the solar cells to serve as the message board for the stakeholders to appreciate our environment activities. The pergola on the roof-top is highly visible from the passing vehicles and trains. Three wind power generators are also installed on the rooftop. The power generated is small and the environment efficiency (1,402 kg-CO2/year) is not necessary high, but these installations can send the message clear to the children and are related to the wind power generators already installed in other Æon locations.

Figure 9 Approach

Figure 10 Pargola, Roof-top

2.3 Quality Space (Rich Space)

“Eco Void”, the atrium, brings light and wind to the interior mall space, the symbol of “Eco-Store” aiming at harmonizing the environmental considerations with the attractive space. The waste heat generated in the interior space is also effectively used with the draft effect. The view line is continued from the mall interior to the pergola on the roof-top parking lot, which intends to maintain and enhance the impression of the greenery in the exterior approach space into the interior mall.

Figure 11 Eco Void: Section

The light ducting penetrated from the roof-top down to pilotis (1/F) brings the natural light to the pilotis space. The interior is finished in white paint for the light reflection and investment return. The environment efficiency is 8,474 kg-CO2/year. The openings are taken in the light ductings to bring the natural light into the mall interior.Together with Eco Void, lighting ductings bring the natural light into the mall interior for the improved charms of the space as well as serve as the devices for the visitors to feel openness and comfort even if they stay long hours in the mall. In order to increase the brightness of pilotis floor, we selected high-refrecting material.

Light

Ventilation

View

Pergola

R/F Parking lot

3/F Parking lot

2/F Shopping Mall

1/F Shopping Mall


Figure 12 Lighting Ductings: Details

Figure 13 Reflection Ratio by Material

3. Sustainable Activities The construction of Æon Chigusa SC was launched to establish the communication with the SC as the medium. All of what we have done so far is only the prelude to the sustainable circulation of resource and capital. How the consumers and the local community welcome the SC and whether the truly sustainable activities are born in the SC depend on our current and future approach and involvement.

3.1 Eco-Information

We continue our study on “Eco-Information” as the interactive information tool between the SC operator/architects and the consumers/local community. We are currently studying to accommodate the cultural activities centered on art as one of the possible options to enable the active approach by the consumers/local community on their own initiatives. Art related activities can be joined by the broad generations including the children and seniors. The larger networking is also possible with the partnership with NPOs or participate in the social contribution activities through the art related activities. This will be first approach of the kind in the SC industry in Japan. This, we believe, can tap the features of the SC business to be closely related to the consumers/local community in the most effective manner.

3.2 Objective Assessment Method

We are to set up the prototype performance assessment tool for SC (CASBEE-SC). The main objective is to apply the assessment tool to the existing shops to be of reference in the guideline opening the SCs. The tool is partially applied in Chigusa project. Especially, as the assessment results are quite objective, not only the opinions of the SC operator/architect but also those of the consumers/local community, the stakeholders’ comprehensive opinions, are reflected in the construction and operation of the SC. This prototype tool will be established as the full fledged tool after the opening of the SC.

3.3 Sustainability

Æon Chigusa SC, the first “Eco-Store”, opened in May 2005. The SCs, in principle, have been flexible and fluid responding to the social changes. The SCs have potentials left to respond to the changes in the flexible manner. It is necessary for all the stakeholders, the SC operator, architects, the consumers and local community to continue exhausting the efforts on tapping the maximum potential of the SC for the resulted changes to be accumulated.

Lighting Ducting

Plan Section

Pilotis(1/F)

White Painting ; Reflction Ratio 65% White Painting ; Reflction Ratio 85%

Lighting Ducting


approach to eco-store –eco-friendly shopping centers-- · reflect sc operators’ intent from the...

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