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Applying Stable Isotope Bayesian Ellipses (SIBER) to characterise trophic niches of large cetaceans from NorthWestern Mediterranean Sea Marianna Pinzone 1,3, *, Loïc N. Michel 1 , Denis Ody 2 , Aurélie TascioO 2 , Gilles Lepoint 1 and Krishna Das 1 1 Laboratory of Oceanology, Chemistry Ins8tute, B6c, University of Liege, 11 Allée du 6 Août, 4000 Liege, Belgium 2 WWFFrance, 6 Rue des Fabres, 13001 Marseille 3 German Oceanographic Museum Stralsund (DMM) *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] ; [email protected] IntroducRon: Few is known on the trophic ecology of endangered Mediterranean cetacean popula7ons. Diet composi7on and feeding preferences are of cri7cal importance to understand a species' ecology; be>er knowledge of these ma>ers is necessary for efficient conserva7on. Materials & Methods: We used the SIBER R package to explore isotopic niche parameters as a proxy for trophic niches assessment of 17 fin whales Balaenoptera physalus, 15 longfinned pilot whales Globicephala melas and 25 sperm whales Physeter macrocephalus (Fig. 1) sampled through dar8ng between summer 2010 and 2013 in the NorthWestern Mediterranean Sea. Fig. 1: Long finned pilot whales (A), sperm whale (B) and fin whale (C) in the Mediterranean Sea A B C -20 -19 -18 -17 6 8 10 12 14 16 d13C d15N Bp Gm Pm 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Group Area (permil^2) Bp Gm Pm Group A Group B Fig. 2a: SIBER isotopic ellipses of finned pilot whales (Gm), sperm whales (Pm) and fin whales (Bp). Every ellipse represents the isotopic/ecological niche of each species. Orange circles separate fin whales in Group A and B, based on δ 15 N values. Fig.2b: Different esRmates of Standard Ellipse Area (SEA). Red points represent corrected SEA. Results: No niche overlap between odontocetes and fin whales in accordance with the lower trophic level of the la>er; Limited overlap between odontocetes isotopic niches of the two odontocetes The isotopic niche of fin whales was larger than the two odontocetes in over 99.80% of 10 6 model simula7ons; Resource par77oning between these two species Differences in hun7ng periods and depths Differences in prey availability; NEW PERSPECTIVES ON THE ECOLOGY OF MEDITERRANEAN CEATACEANS: First Rme to observe such variability (Group A and Group B Fig. 2a) in Mediterranean fin whales. Exploita7on of food items from different trophic levels (krill, small fishes) Exploita7on of food items from other regions (e.g NorthEast Atlan7c); Very narrow isotopic niche of pilot whales: strong contrast with the generalist feeding behaviour of this species in literature References: Praca and Gannier, 2008; Layman et al., 2007; Bentaleb et al., 2011, Jackson et al., 2011)

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Page 1: Applying(Stable(Isotope(Bayesian(Ellipses((SIBER)(to ... · Applying(Stable(Isotope(Bayesian(Ellipses((SIBER)(to(characterisetrophicnichesoflargecetaceansfrom North

Applying  Stable  Isotope  Bayesian  Ellipses  (SIBER)  to  characterise  trophic  niches  of  large  cetaceans  from    

North-­‐Western  Mediterranean  Sea  Marianna  Pinzone1,3,*,  Loïc  N.  Michel1,  Denis  Ody2,  Aurélie  TascioO2,  Gilles  Lepoint1  and  Krishna  Das1  1  Laboratory  of  Oceanology,  Chemistry  Ins8tute,  B6c,  University  of  Liege,  11  Allée  du  6  Août,  4000  Liege,  Belgium  2  WWF-­‐France,  6  Rue  des  Fabres,  13001  Marseille  3  German  Oceanographic  Museum  Stralsund  (DMM)  *Corresponding  author.  Email:  [email protected];  [email protected]    

IntroducRon:  Few   is   known   on   the   trophic   ecology   of   endangered   Mediterranean  cetacean   popula7ons.   Diet   composi7on   and   feeding   preferences   are   of  cri7cal   importance   to  understand  a   species'   ecology;  be>er  knowledge  of  these  ma>ers  is  necessary  for  efficient  conserva7on.  

Materials  &  Methods:  We  used  the  SIBER  R  package  to  explore  isotopic  niche  parameters  as  a  proxy  for  trophic  niches  assessment  of  17  fin  whales  Balaenoptera  physalus,  15  long-­‐finned  pilot  whales  Globicephala  melas  and  25  sperm  whales  Physeter  macrocephalus  (Fig.  1)  sampled  through  dar8ng  between  summer  2010  and  2013  in  the  North-­‐Western  Mediterranean  Sea.    Fig.  1:  Long  finned  pilot  whales  (A),  sperm  whale  

(B)  and  fin  whale  (C)  in  the  Mediterranean  Sea  

A   B  

C  

-20 -19 -18 -17

68

1012

1416

d13C

d15N

Bp

Gm

Pm

01

23

45

67

Different estimates of Standard Ellipse Area (SEA)

Group

Are

a (p

erm

il^2)

Bp Gm Pm

Group  A  

Group  B  

Fig.  2a:  SIBER  isotopic  ellipses  of  finned  pilot  whales   (Gm),   sperm   whales   (Pm)   and   fin  whales   (Bp).   Every   ellipse   represents   the  isotopic/ecological   niche   of   each   species.  Orange   circles   separate   fin   whales   in   Group    A  and  B,  based  on    δ15N    values.  

Fig.2b:   Different   esRmates   of   Standard  Ellipse   Area   (SEA).   Red   points   represent  corrected  SEA.  

Results:  No  niche  overlap  between  odontocetes  and  fin  whales  in  accordance  with  the  lower  trophic  level  of  the  la>er;    

Limited  overlap  between  odontocetes  isotopic  niches  of  the  two  odontocetes  

The  isotopic  niche  of  fin  whales  was  larger  than  the  two  odontocetes  in  over  99.80%  of  106  model  simula7ons;  

Resource  par77oning  between  these  two  species              Differences  in  hun7ng  periods  and  depths                          Differences  in  prey  availability;  

 

NEW  PERSPECTIVES  ON  THE  ECOLOGY  OF  MEDITERRANEAN  CEATACEANS:  •  First  Rme  to  observe  such  variability  (Group  A  and  Group  B  Fig.  2a)  in  Mediterranean  fin  whales.    

 Exploita7on  of  food  items  from  different  trophic  levels  (krill,  small  fishes)      Exploita7on  of  food  items  from  other  regions  (e.g  North-­‐East  Atlan7c);  

•  Very  narrow  isotopic  niche  of  pilot  whales:  strong  contrast  with  the  generalist  feeding  behaviour  of  this  species  in  literature  

References:  Praca  and  Gannier,  2008;  Layman  et  al.,  2007;  Bentaleb  et  al.,  2011,  Jackson  et  al.,  2011)