applied hydrogen inc. - solid hydrogen packaging for vehicles, utilities and merchant delivery

8/7/2019 Applied Hydrogen Inc. - Solid Hydrogen Packaging for Vehicles, Utilities and Merchant Delivery

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APPLIED HYDROGEN INC

Solid Hydrogen Packaging

for Vehicles, Utilities and MerchantDelivery


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Scope of the Project

Develop Safe Hydrogen storage for

Utilities, for Vehicles and forMerchant Delivery

With fast Kinetics

and High Efficiency


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Paradigm Shift

Present Concept

Integrated 5000 psi tank

safety concernsvolumetric inefficiency.

Exorbitant Infrastructure

AH New Paradigm

Enabled Solid Hydride Solid,small, low pressure tank.

High safety (Low pressure, solidstructure)

Rapid refueling

Decreased Distribution Cost


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Who Needs Hydrogen?

Hydrogen is clean.

Hydrogen is renewable Hydrogen has high energy density Hydrogen is already a huge Industry with

extensive Industrial applications

Hydrogen storage is still the challenge.


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Hydrogen Storage Alternatives

Compressed

Hydrogen Gas

Unsafe - Explosive tendency

Requires huge tanks or super

high pressure

Liquefied

Hydrogen

Not energy efficient

Unstable Explosive

tendency

Solid Hydrogen

as HYDRIDE

Safer (even relative to

gasoline)Volume Efficient - At lessthan 200 psi, Solid Hydridestorage 3-5 times lowervolume than compressed gas

at 10,000 psi


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Hydride based Hydrogen ContainmentIS commercially available!

Ovonics, HBank, GfE, JMC, YM,APFCT, GKSS

SLOW release rate and SLOW refill due tolow conductivity of powder bed (see table)

preclude usable industrial acceptance

Problem


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How it Works


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Opportunity

AH Porous metal support can provide 10 times moreconductivity than standard hydride powder beds.

Kpb (Heat Conductivity)

[W/m.K]

Matrix type

~0.1Hydride powder bed

Depending onconductive fractioncontent

1-10APPLIED HYDROGEN

microPorous Metallic Sinter

~10Solid metal

Applied Hydrogen HYDRIPAK providesHIGH HEAT CONDUCTION due to metallicmicrostructural support.

Solution


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Results todate show 3-10 times

faster H2 absorption

7 fold rate increase


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Compact microstructure developed


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AH Response to CHALLENGE

SAFER, FASTER, MORE EFFICIENTADAPTABLE PACKAGING ofhydrogen

Lighter, due to more efficient structure (solid vs pressure

vessel construction) Faster: Hydripak releases Hydrogen 5 10 times faster

than hydride powder bed due to better heat conductivity. Safer(incomparable to gas, better than standard

hydrides)

Low maintenance cost: powder clogging is prevented Lower volume than compressed gas or liquid Shape efficient (non-cylindrical form possible) Adaptable future hydrides will be accommodated:

cryogenic, high pressure, etc.

Low infrastructure cost distribution option


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Our Target Market

1 Industrial storage 2% efficiency within 18months, to replace H2 bottles, trucks, etc. aimedat the merchant H2 market, worth over 10$Bln,[400$*(20,000,000*0.1*10days)/0.71]

2 intermittent power storage: wind, solar, offpeakpower, etc. (nearing 20% of all electric power)

3 Vehicular storage 4.5% efficiency@500$/kgH2 within 36 months. Market sizedepends on H2 vehicle penetration


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Business Model: Markets

Present H2 market is already huge: 5000T/d merchant H2 in the US alone, (2.5 times

more captive) Present uses: Refineries 45%, Ammonia

production 28%, other: metals, electronics,food, military (space), etc.

Future uses: Clean Energy - Vehicles,Wind, Solar, offpeak Electricity storage.


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Market, Competition

Today, 92% of hydrogen is compressed gas, 8% liquid.

Industrial use gas transported in 150-360 atm bottles:~0.56 kg in 101 kg steel bottles costing 400$ ea. and

special trucks. Least expensive transport: pipelines (high pressure, veryexpensive, with hydrogen embrittlement issues).

Onboard Vehicular: Carbon and Al Composite, fragile,expensive at 2000$/kg H2

Powder hydrides slow desorption, short lifecycle, notaccepted in industrial environment.

Most important issue: SAFETY

H2 cost


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Time to Market

TimelineMile Stone

6-9 monthsCommercial prototype

18 monthsCommercially acceptable

product

36 monthsStart of production &

sales

48 monthsStart of small series ofindustrial production


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Business Model Development

1 Demonstrate commercial upscale-ability.

2 Develop marketable product

3 Demonstrate Industrial strength capability

4 Form Strategic Alliances with H2 distributorsand industries

5 License tank production6 Keep at least critical material production and

continued development capability


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IP

Patent pending

AH builds on existent basic demonstratedsolution M.Ron patents (exhausted)

AH adds critical dimensions to the presentknowledge by pending patents that cover:

Improved substrate materials

Improved active material such as

nanomaterials

Optimized production procedure

Optimized tank structure

Distribution CONOPS


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Weight & Cost Synergy withPresidents Hydrogen Initiative

YearH2

Content

Tankweight

[kg]

Hydridecost

[$/kgm]

MatrixCost

[$/kgm]

TotalCost

[$US]

2007 2% 370 25$ 5 5350

2010 6% 92 $15 5 950

2015 9% 56 5$ 5 300

Currently, 4 kgm of hydrogen provide a 300-mile range. A standard

20 gallon fuel tank costs about 150$.


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Our Team

Founder Ido Shefler, ME, M.Sc.E, Colonel (res.)

Expert in Vehicle Engineering - military and civil

Expert in Management of Technological projects InIsrael and abroad.

Founder Dr. Fredy Ornath, D.Sc. MaterialsEngineering

Director & Founder of Material Systems Ltd. Founder of Traceguard Technologies Inc. (publicly

traded in NY as TCGD.OB).


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Our Team

Professor David E. Cole, Chairman, Center forAutomotive Research in Ann Arbor, Michigan.He was formerly Director of the Office for the Study

of Automotive Transportation (OSAT) at theUniversity of Michigan Transportation ResearchInstitute (UMTRI).

Prof. Eugene Rabkin - Materials Engineering,

Technion. Current research, improvement ofhydrogen storage properties.

Continues R&D work based on Late Prof. M. Ronsoriginal pmh concept.


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Summary

Hydrogen is the fuel of choice and has largeindustrial market

Storage is still the challenge Only Solid Hydride storage provides a workable

solution, but has practical limitations

HYDRIPAK enables hydride deployment

Applied Hydrogen has The Team to realizeHYDRIPAK into a successful businessopportunity


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Back up slides to clarify FAQ

GM and other Zero Emission Vehicles

National Hydrogen Storage Project

Milestones Hydrogen Vs. Gasoline

Hydrogen vs Electrical

Project Cost Model Funding Required


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The Future Car

ZEV = Zero Emission Vehicle

Todays Energy Storage Solution

Electrical BatteryTomorrows Main Energy Storage Solution

Hydrogen Accumulator

The Ford Hydrogen Car Wheelbase


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The GM Hydrogen Car

GM pledged to develop ahydrogen-fuel-cell vehiclethat could compete oncost with traditional

vehicles-if it were to bebuilt in high volumes-by2010 .

SequelEquinox


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GM to support Hydrogen cars

On-board hydrogen storage in solid;

Home hydrogen refueling device (see also Honda)

Develop collaboration with Shell


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Hydrogen isAmerica's National Priority

President's Hydrogen Fuel Initiative:1.2 Billion Dollars Budget until 2008.

New energy bill now making its way throughCongress would dedicate $3.7 billion over 5years for hydrogen (and fuel cell research as well asinfrastructure to support hydrogen-powered cars)

US Department of energy has establisheda "National Hydrogen Storage Project"to fund research and development.

New York and California lead.


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The NY H2 Energy Economy Vision

New York State Research & Development Authority

New York Power AuthorityLong Island Power Authority 2005


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No Hydrogen Economy

Without Efficient Hydrogen Storage

Hydrogen Storage still the Challenge

Hydrogen is required in Vehicles,

Hydrogen is required for Energy

storage at Utilities for storing powerfrom intermittent sources (wind,solar or excess electricity).

Many more applications in Industry


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Commercial Opportunity ModelOVONICS = $1.5 Billion Hydride Based Solutions


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Hydrogen Storage Expectations


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Weight & Cost Synergy withPresidents Hydrogen Initiative

Year

Hydrogen

Content

TankWeigh

t [kg]

Hydridecost

[$/kgm]

MatrixCost

[$/kgm]

TotalCost

[$]

2007 2% 364 50$ 5 $13,972

2010 6% 121 $15 5 $1507

2015 9% 81 5$ 5 $405


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What others did: Competition Analysis

StatusPropertiesConceptProduced by Ovonics &others

Low conductivity,easy to produce

Powder bed

Limited Conductivity &structural stability,limited to RT

Conductivity notreported.Polymer matrix(Congdon)

High parasitic weight,difficult to produce, notapplicable at highertemperatures

High Conductivity,simpler productionconcept

Copper coatedhydrides withlow MP metalbinder

Demonstratedcapability andproperties. Existentproduction concept

High conductivity,high structuralstability, inexpensivebase metal

Porousmetallichydride Al

based


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R&D Challenges

Incorporation of nanomaterial hydrides.Existent R&D shows that nanosize improves kinetics, butpowder bed still limited.

Optimization of heat and gas transport. Optimization of structural design (shape).

Optimization of work pressures andtemperatures.

Design of interface smart connector

Intelligent Storage (Quantity, pressure, temperaturesensing and reporting)


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National Hydrogen StorageProject Milestones

Hydrogen Capacity /Weight Achievement

MilestoneYear

[Wh/kgm][w/%]

300Current~2%

Select hydrogenstorage options

2007

9006 %Develop and verifysafe on-boardstorage systems

2010

14009 %Develop and verifysafe on-boardstorage systems

2015


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Hydrogen vs. Gasoline

Effective energy:

Hydrogen has 7 times as much energy (perweight unit) as gasoline, but can be better

than 10 times per km due to fuel cellshigher efficiency.

Cost balance:

DOE research estimate hydrogen prices todrop lower than 2$/kg in 10 years.

Once hydrogen costs reach ~ 7$/kg it willbe as cheap as gasoline and absolutely

clean.


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Hydrogen vs Electrical Battery

1400 Wh/kg 2015

1000Wh/kg 2010

400Wh/kg 2007

Equivalent performanceEstimated per DoE H2 goals

FC eff. ~0.46

H2 energy~120MJ/kgm

Electrical data after Altairnano

200Wh/kg Best Electric

applied hydrogen inc. - solid hydrogen packaging for vehicles, utilities and merchant delivery

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