applied fluid mechanics - course overview (afd0)

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Applied Fluid MechanicsP1: Incompressible Flow

Chemical Engineering Guy


Overview• Difference between Compressible

Flow and Incompressible Flow• Why is it important to study

Incompressible Flow• Who should take this course• What is this course and what is not• How is PART 1 Structured?• Textbooks


Part 1 vs. Part 2

• Incompressible flow constant density– Easier to model– Examples:

• Liquids and Gases with no change of T,P

• Compressible flow density is function of T,P– Complex to model– Examples:

• Gases with change in T, P


What is Applied Fluid Mechanics?Incompressible Flow

• Is the art of Moving Fluids of Constant Density– Study of the theory behind this Phenomena– Design of Equipment– Correct Operation of Equipment

• Keywords– Pumping, Friction loss, mechanic energy, piping,

incompressible, agitation, mixing


PS: Pump Station

Importance• Energy Requirement due to Momentum of Fluids• Basic Unit Operations in Momentum Transport• Energy loss due to Friction• Limitations of Pumping Systems• Type of Equipment used in the industry


Importance• Type of Materials used in piping systems• Measurement of Flow Rates in pipes• Pressure Drops in Piping Systems


Importance• Agitation vs. Mixing• Correct Equipment Design and

Operation



Who’s this Course for?

• Students and/or Engineers who want a strong fundamentals on:– Fluid Mechanics– Application of Theoretical Concepts to Real Life

Problems in Engineering– Equipment Operation and Design related to

moving fluids @ct. density– Piping and Instrumentation– Momentum Transport Operations


Who’s this Course for?

• Petroleum Engineers• Mechanical Engineers• Chemical Engineers• Electrical Engineers• Process Engineers• Civil Engineers• Industrial Engineers

What is this course about

• Fluid Mechanics Application– Incompressible Flow

• Overview of Common Equipment• Equipment Design• Equipment Operation• A little bit of Theory (science behind)• Application (use theory to solve real life

problems, i.e. engineering)



What is NOT this course about

• Fluid Dynamics “heavy” Theory– Viscosity Theory– Friction theory– Buoyancy, Density and Weight

• Momentum Transport Phenomena– Couette Flow– Non circular flows

• Very Complex Bernoulli Examples• Navier-Stokes Equations


What is NOT this course about

• Velocity Profiling and Boundary Conditions• Dimensional Analysis such as Buckingham Pi theorem• Flow around objects– Cylinders, spheres, cubes, etc…

• Hydrodynamics (Hydrostatic Pressure and Forces)


Why you need it?

• You will need this course…– Move fluids– Calculate Pressure Drop– Measure Flow Rates– Increase Pressure of Incompressible Fluids– Will help you in Plant Design– Mechanic Energy (Generation/Consumption)– Understand the limitations of a given system


Basic Concepts you need to know…

• If you’ve been tracking my courses:– Mass Balance (Basic Balancing, Inlet, outlets)– Energy Balance* (More on the mechanic energy)– Thermodynamics (Basics)– Transport Phenomena (The Momentum part)• Basic Viscosity, Flow in Pipes, Friction Factor, couette

flow, turbulence, etc.– Fluid Dynamics ***• Basic Knowledge



• Mathematics– Arithmetic (+,-,*,/)– Geometry (area, perimeter, volume, etc)– Conversion of Units (cm to m, kg to g, etc.)– English System vs. International Systems– Decimals and scientific notation– % and fractions



• Chemistry, Physics– P vs. F– Temp (abs) vs. Temp (R, F, K, C)– Mass =/ weight– Mol, Mass Weight, molar mass, mass fraction, mole

fraction– Basic Hydrodynamics and Hydrostatics



• Fluid Dynamics & Thermodynamics– Viscosity (kinematic vs. )– Bernoulli Equation– Friction Factor Basics– Efficiency in Work inlet/outlet


Textbook, Reference and Bibliography



• Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering

• Edition: 7th– By: McCabe, Smith, Harrenhall

Pretty good for Chemical Engineers



• Applied Fluid Mechanics• Edition: 6th– By Robert L. Mott

Pretty good for Fluid Mechanics + Engineering



• Flow of Fluids Through Valves, Fittings & Pipe TP-41– By Crane Company

Pretty good for Reference Values of Valves, Fitting and Pipes


Course Structure (Overall)

• Part 1: Incompressible Flow60%

• Part 2: Compressible Flow40%


Course Structure (Specific)AFD0 Overview

0%AFD1 The Mechanic Energy Equation

10%AFD2 Piping, Fittings and Valves

10%AFD3 Energy Loss due to Friction

5%AFD4 Flow Measurement Equipment

5%AFD5 Pumps

15%AFD6 Incompressible Flow Application

10%AFD7 Agitation and Mixing

5%-AFD8 Gas Flow through Nozzles

15%AFD9 Gas Flow & Compression Equipment

10%AFD10 Packed Beds

10%AFD11 Fluidized Beds

5% AFD12 Course Conclusion

0%


Course Content


PART I: Incompressible Flow


Part 1: Incompressible Flow

• All blocks include:– Introduction to the Block (topic)– Theory: Science behind– Applied Theory– Explained Examples– Solved Problems– Quiz Section– Conclusion of each Block (topic)


AFD1: The Mechanic Energy Equation

• Section 0: Review– Density, Viscosity, Friction, Mass, Weight, Gravitational Constant

• Section 1: Why M.E.E– Systems

• Section 2: Kinetic + Potential Energy– Kinetic Energy Velocity– Potential Energy Relative Position

• Section 3: Pressure Head– Pressure Force per unit area

• Section 4: Inlet/Outlet Work– Work inlet (Pumps, Compressors, etc…)– Work Outlet (Turbine, Mill, etc…)

• Section 5: Friction Loss Trajectory – Nature of Friction Loss

• Section 6: Application - Mechanical Energy Equation– Bernoulli’s Law– Torricelli’s Law– M.E.E. Exercises


AFD2: Piping, Fittings and Valves• Section 1: Pipe types and materials

– Pipe vs Piping– Piping Material

• Material Roughness– Piping Sizing

• Schedules• BWG

• Section 2: Fittings & Flow Rate Measure– Function of fittings– Common Fittings used in Engineering

• Section 3: Valves– Common Valves used in the industry


AFD3: Energy Loss due to Friction • Section 1: Flow in Pipes Review– Reynolds Number: Laminar and Turbulent Flows– Pipe Roughness

• Section 2: Friction Loss in Pipes (Hff)– Moody's and Fanning Friction Factors– Moody’s Diagram– Equations for F.F (Chen, Hazen-Williams, etc.)

• Section 3: Friction Loss in Fittings, Valves (Hfs)– K value– L/D equivalences– K values for Fittings and Valves


AFD4: Flow Measurement Equipment

• Section 1: Venturi Tube– Introduction to measurements– The M.E.E Balance– Advantages + Disadvantages

• Section 2: Orifice Plates– The M.E.E Balance– The Friction Coefficient Graphs– Advantages + Disadvantages

• Section 3: Other Measurement Equipment– Thermal Mass Flow Meter– Paddle Wheel Flow Meter– More Devices…


AFD5: Pumps (I)

• Section 1: Pump Types– Positive displacement

• Lobe, Screw, Piston, Vane, Gear– Kinetic

• Axial and Centrifugal– Pump Performance

• NHSPr• Power

• Section 2: System Curve– System Head– System Curve


AFD5: Pumps (II)

• Section 3: Pump Curve– Pump Head– Pump Curve

• Impeller Effect• Efficiency Curves• Pump Power Curves• NPSH• Velocity Effect

• Section 4: Pump Selection– How to choose a pump– Supplier Data– Pump Affinity Laws

• Section 5: Pumping Systems– Pump in Series– Parallel Pumps– Software Modeling


AFD6: Incompressible Flow Application

• Section 1: Series Flow (1 pipe)– Type of Problems• Head of the System revisited• Pipe Size Selection• Volumetric Flow• Pump Selection

• Section 2: Parallel and Branch Flow– Parallel Flow vs. Branched Flow– Parallel Flow 2 Pipes– Parallel + Branched Flow (Software)


AFD7: Agitation and Mixing

• Section 1: Agitation and Mixing Theory– Agitation vs. Mixing– Overview of Equipment

• Section 2: Design of Mixing Equipment– Power Number– Power Requirement

• Section 3: Static Mixers– Basic Principle

• Section 4: Software Modeling


End of Introduction to PART 1

• By now you should know:– The importance of this course in engineering– The course structure and content– That this course is Theory – Application– This is Part 1 Incompressible Flow– It is highly recommended to start with Part 1– After studying Part 1. Continue to Part 2.


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