applied epidemiology pu 520-6 unit 9 overview epidemiologic specializations research design ...
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Applied Epidemiology
PU 520-6
Unit 9
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Overview Epidemiologic specializations Research design Global Burden of Disease Study Disability-adjusted life year Test Your Knowledge Breslow’s study Overview of Exam 3
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Psychologic What might psychological epidemiology
be? What are psychological processes and how
do they influence health?
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Behavioral Studies the role of behavioral factors in
health
Examples tobacco use
physical activity risky sexual behavior
consumption of unhealthy foods
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Social The influence of a person’s position in the
social structure upon the development of disease
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Research Designs Used Case Control
Cohort Cross sectional
Experimental
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Global Burden of Disease Study Measures burden of disease Combines years of life lost Due to premature mortality Years of life lost Comprehensive regional and global
assessment
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Disability-Adjusted Life Year Metric that assess the burden of disease Measures the gap between current health and
ideal health Sum of the Years of Life Lost What are the 10 leading specific causes of
global DALYs?
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Test Your Knowledge What is the person-environment fit model? What is stress? What is the stress press model? Name a stressful life event. What are ways
you deal with stress? What is the Social Readjustment Rating
Scale?
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Healthy People 2010
What is healthy people 2010? What are the overarching goals? Give me two focus areas!
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Breslow's study Moderate food intake Eating regularly Eating breakfast Not Smoking Cigarettes Moderate or no use of alcohol Moderate exercise 7 to 8 hours of sleep daily
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Exam 3 Review Sensitivity Specificity Reliability Validity Direct Transmission Indirect Transmission Case Fatality Rate
Mortality Rate Major resurgence of
measles TB rates in recent years Passive Immunity Selective Screening Mass Screening Ad hoc Screening Multiphasic Screening
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What am I? Epidemiology Monitor Lyme Disease is consider what type of
vector? How many specialties are in the field of
epidemiology? What is virulent virus? Foods that transmit salmonella
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Other Terms to Know High subclinical/clinical ratio Portal of exit Portal of entry Asbestos Exposure Electronic & Mechanic Fields Exposure Threshold Latency Synergism
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Difference Between Studies Experimental Retrospective Cohort Prospective Cohort Case -Control Cross-Sectional
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Test Your Knowledge What is person-environment fit model ? What is the most important methodological
problems in the measurement of life events? According to The Association of Schools of
Public Health, What competencies in epidemiology is need to be achieved by Master of Public Health degree candidates?
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What is sensitivity? The sensitivity of a test is the probability
that the test is positive when given to a group of patients with the disease. Sensitivity is sometimes abbreviated Sn.
The formula for sensitivity is
Sn = True Positive Test____
All Patients With DiseaseAll Patients With Disease
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Sensitivity Formula In a study of 5,113 subjects checked for
gastric cancer by endoscopy There were 13 patients with gastric cancer confirmed by endoscopy. 11 of these patients were positive on the test.
The sensitivity is 11/13 = 85%.
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Predictive Value of a Positive Test Proportion of persons with positive test who
have condition.
PPV= True Positive___
True + False Positive (All Positive)
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Predictive Value Formula 1000 patients in a clinic, being tested for syphilis 100 have
the characteristics and 900 don’t. Among the 100 patients with syphilis, 95 of them tested
positive, and 5 tested negative. Among the 900 patients without syphilis, 90 tested positive, and 810 tested negative. In this case, TP=95, FN=5, FP=90, and TN=810.
In the case above, that would be 95/(95+90)= 51.4%. The positive predictive value tells us how likely someone is to have the characteristic if the test is positive. Among all people that test positive, what proportion truly has the characteristic? 51.4% PPV means that if you test positive, you have a 51.4% chance of actually having the disease.
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Last Thoughts
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