APPLICATIONS OF

RECOMBINANT DNA

TECHNOLOGY IN PHARMACY

PRESENTED BY:V.SUHASINI

M-PHARMDEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICS

WHAT IS DNA? DNA= Deoxyribu-Nucelic Acid

1. DNA is a very large molecule, made up of smaller units called nucleotides

2. Each nucleotide has three parts: a sugar (ribose), a phosphate molecule, and a nitrogenous base.

3. The nitrogenous base is the part of the nucleotide that carries genetic information

4. The bases found in DNA are four: adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine ( ATP, CTP, GTP, and TTP)

RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY Recombinant DNA technology

procedures by which DNA from different species can be isolated, cut and spliced together

new "recombinant " molecules are then multiplied in quantity in populations of rapidly dividing cells (e.g. bacteria, yeast).

RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY

In the early 1970s it became possible to isolate a specific piece of DNA out of the millions of base pairs in a typical genome.

RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY

GENE CLONING

It can be defined as the isolation and amplification of an individual gene sequence by insertion of that individual gene sequence into a bacterium where it can be replicated

APPLICATIONS OF RDNA TECHNOLOGY IN MEDICINE

Recombinant DNA technology had made it possible to treat different diseases by inserting new genes in the human body.

Recombinant DNA is widely used in biotechnology, medicine and research. Today, recombinant proteins and other products that result from the use of rDNA technology

INSULIN Insulin is a peptide hormone

produced by beta cells in the pancrease. Which regulate the amount of glucose in the blood

If a person has decrease amount of insulin in his body , the person will suffer from a disease called diabetes

PRODUCTION OF RECOMBINANT INSULIN Two type of source used prepare insulin ANIMAL HUMAN 1. Pig (porcine)2. Cow (bovine)

RECOMBINANT METHOD USED TO PREPARE INSULIN

MARKETED BRAND PRODUCT OF HUMAN INSULIN

DIFFERENT TYPE HUMAN INSULIN Fast acting Insulin lispro Eli Lilly Company developed and marketed the first rapid acting

insulin analogue (insulin lispro rDNA) Humalog Insulin aspart Novo Nordisk created "aspart" and marketed it as

NovoLog/NovoRapid (UK-CAN) as a rapid acting insulin analogue. Insulin glulisine Glulisine is rapid acting insulin analog from Sanofi-AventisLong acting Detemir insulin Novo Nordisk created insulin Degludec insulin developed by Novo NordiskAdvantage 1. It does not cause allergic reaction

MARKETED BRAND PRODUCT OF ANIMAL INSULIN

Advantage of animal insulin :1. behavioural changes, lethargy, often

feeling unwell that are not recognised when using animal insulin

Disadvantage of animal insulin 1. Low peak activity time 2. Patient immune system produced

antibodies. That antibodies against it neutralization so it will produce inflammation

VACCINES: The disease should not enter into the body so

before it self we administered the vaccine Example small pox , Herpes, Influenza,

Hepatitis and Mouth Diseases vaccine which makes use of recombinant DNA

technology is known as recombinant vaccines

TYPE OF VACCINES (i) Recombinant protein vaccines:

the specific protein used in vaccine preparation eg: Polypeptide vaccines

(ii) DNA vaccines: Here the gene encoding for immunogenic protein is isolated and used to produce recombinant DNA which acts as vaccine eg : vaccinia virus

MARKETED PRODUCT FOR RECOMBINANT VACCINE

Advantage1. r DNA vaccine is considered to be safe

then the convention vaccine 2. It induce both hormonal and cellular

response resulting in effective vaccine Disadvantage 1. High cost 2. We should store low temperature since

heat de stabilizer protein

ORAL VACCINE A NOVEL APPROACH Latest technology vaccine take orally Immunogenic protein more active in we

have take orally This vaccine mainly take human . It is

available normal cooking oil form We will take orally means it will dissolve

in mouth example : flu vaccine

ORAL VACCINE MARKETED PRODUCT

RECOMBINANT HUMAN GROWTH HORMONES Produced by the pituitary gland, human

growth hormone (HGH) is essential for proper growth in children. Some children, however, have disorders that cause reduced HGH levels

In 1979 Somatostatin was 1st introduced

MARKETED PRODUCT FOR (HGH)

RECOMBINANT MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY  Synthetic antibodies called recombinant

antibodies (rAbs) can be created using antibody genes made in a laboratory or taken from human cells

Monoclonal antibody used to treat cancer, various auto-immune disorders, and other diseases

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved 22 monoclonal antibodies

RECOMBINANT MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY

MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY

RECOMBINANT TECHNOLOGY USED IN AGRICULTURE Agriculture is a major field in which

recombinant DNA technology is applied The rDNA technology used to prepare a

plant does not occur viral and bacterial injection

Heat resistance plant the administration of bovine growth 

hormone to cow to increase milk production

RECOMBINANT TECHNOLOGY USED IN AGRICULTURE rDNA technology used prepare corn ,

brinjal, cotton , golden rice , tomatoes , sweet corn

RECOMBINANT BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR Coagulation factor 8 is very important

and essential factor Less amount of f8 present in the body

called hemophilia rDNA technology also made possible the

production of human blood clotting factor

MARKETED PRODUCT FOR BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR

RECOMBINANT INTERFERONS Interferons belong to the large class

of glycoproteins known as cytokines Which ability to block the multiplication

and division of virus cells Interferons can be treat cancer cell of

leukemia Recombinant technology used to

produce interferons

MARKETED PRODUCT OF INTERFERON

REFERENCES http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/allis

on/docs/sample_ch8.pdf

http://www.preservearticles.com/2011120818251/some-of-the-applications-of-recombinant-dna-technology-are-as-follows.html

http://www.infoplease.com/cig/biology/dna-technology-applications.html

http://www.globalresearchonline.net/volume1issue1/Article%20009.pdf