applications of lightweight foamed concrete fill in sioux city, iowa · in trail as result of...
TRANSCRIPT
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Applications of Lightweight Foamed Concrete Fill in Sioux City, Iowa
Presented By:
Emad Farouz, PE, DGE
April 10th, 2014
ASCE Geotechnical Seminar
Iowa Section
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Presentation Outline
1. Project Background
2. Existing Condition
3. Subsurface Information
4. Design Methodology
5. Construction Recommendations and Issues
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Project Background
N
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Project Background
• Located in Sioux City, Iowa• Existing I-29: 4 lane facility with
2 lanes in each direction.• Final configuration: 3 lanes in
each direction.• Site constraints:
– Adjacent to Big Sioux and Missouri River on the west and railroad, loess bluffs on east
– City owned bike path– DOT is responsible for
stability of the roadway as well as the City owned bike path
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Project Background
• Design proposed: MSE walls along the west edge to accommodate additional lanes.– 2 MSE walls, each about
2000 feet long and about 22 feet high (exposed face) with relocated bike trail at the front of the walls.
• Original roadway composed of miscellaneous fill and widened section is predominantly sand.
• Evidence of slope instability along the bluffs as well as along the area adjacent to the river.
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Project Background
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Project Background
• Evidence of slope instability was observed during site visit in 2009.
• Existing trail had 2H: 1V foreslope and was constructed as a RSS.
• Majority of roadway and trail constructed in 1960s by filling in the Big Sioux River.
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Existing Conditions
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Subsurface Information
• Subsurface exploration: 59 borings
• Sampling: SPT, Shelby tubes and bag samples.
• Drilled primarily along wall alignments with a few at the east side of I-29
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Subsurface Information
• Sandy Silt/Clay (Fill)– 2.5 to 14 ft thick– Misc. fill (wood, rock)– 5 to 50+bpf
• Sand/Silt (alluvium)– 8.5 to 50+ ft– 7 to 20 bpf
• Stiff/Very Stiff Silty Clay– 10 to 45 ft– 15 to 35 bpf
• V. Dense P. G. Sand– 18 to 50 bpf
• Groundwater varies per Big Sioux River levels. ( 3ft to 26 ft from river bottom)
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Design Methodology
• Use of light Weight Fill Material Either due to Settlement Concern or Stability Concern or both Concerns
• Primary concern was to avoid causing slope failure in trail as result of additional fill for roadway.
• Analyses compared regular MSE Backfill and LFCF
– Portion of wall adjacent to Big Sioux also compared with SPL in place of MSE.
• Decision was made to use lightweight fill to minimize the additional driving force.
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Design Methodology
FS ≥ 1.3 for slope stability (Iowa DOT)
MSE Wall Criteria: FHWA-NHI-00-043
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Lightweight Foamed Concrete Fill (LFCF)• LFCF is essentially a
cement-sand grout with foaming agent causing a higher void content, i.e. foamed concrete.
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Geotechnical Design
• Slope Stability Analyses
– Existing I-29 and bike path/trail
– Stage 1 (Full excavation)
– Final MSE wall\SPL wall section
– Final MSE wall with LFCF backfill
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Geotechnical Design
Stage-1
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Geotechnical Design
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Geotechnical Design
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Geotechnical Design
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Geotechnical Design
• External Stability Analyses
– 4 feet minimum embedment
– For portion of wall likely to be submerged, used 70pcf LFCF up to 3 ft above 100 year flood level
– design considered buoyancy
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Geotechnical Design
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MSE Wall With LFCF Typical Sections
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CIP Wall-For Trail
• 630 feet long
• Max. Height: approx. 15 ft
• Constructed in front of the MSE wall to protect the MSE wall from flood debris impacts
• Bottom of wall at bottom of MSE wall below expected scour level
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Trail Reconstruction
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Construction Recommendations
• Reinforcing straps placed at each lift interval. Minimum width 10ft per Iowa DOT guidelines.
• Staggered lifts were recommended to avoid forming vertical cold joints.
• Geomembrane was placed at top of fill and below the pavement system to aid in drainage as well as prevent icing.
• Scarification was recommended between each successive lifts.
• Recommended construction sequence was to build the trail before wall was completed to full height and to excavate in stages.
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Wall Construction
• Project let: March 2010
• Bid Prices:
– LFCF: 73,043cy @ $41.60/cy
– Wall panels, straps: 73,943sft @ $21.75/sft
• Construction Start: September 2010
• Road Opened to Traffic: December 2011
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Wall Construction
Leveling Pad and Dewatering Excavation
Subdrain placement
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Wall Construction
Ready for LFCF Placement LFCF Plant
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Wall Construction
Fill Placement Ready for Next Lift
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Wall Construction
Steps to prevent vertical joints Curing Concrete
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Wall Construction
Construction through Winter 2010
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Wall Construction
CIP Wall Footing CIP Wall Construction
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Wall Construction
Final Lift Placing Geomembrane
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Wall Construction
CIP wall and MSE Wall Complete Wall with Barrier Open to Traffic
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Construction Issues
• Grading contractor excavated both walls to full depth with 2:1 slope.
• Construction traffic was allowed on the top of the excavated surface, this caused some slope failure.
• Improper fill placement
• Improper formwork support (LFCF spill)
• Walls were constructed to full height without bike path being constructed.
• 2011 Flooding
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Construction Issues
Wall excavation and seepage flooding Excavation not to correct width
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Construction Issues
Flooded excavation Slope failure in backslope excavation
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Construction Issues
Improper Fill placement
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Construction Issues
LFCF Spill Entering Big Sioux (~ 5 cy) LFCF in Big Sioux Downstream of Spill
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Construction Issues
2011 Flooding
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Construction Issues
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Construction Issues
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Instrumentation
• Slope inclinometers: installed in March and April 2012 along the trail and on the east side.
• Last available reading was May 2013.
• Movement stabilized at 0.5 inches, considered acceptable.
• No issues of slope instability have been reported.
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Instrumentation
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
-0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
De
pth
(ft
)
Cumulative Displacement (in)
03.09.2012
04.12.2012
05.15.2012
06.28.2012
07.18.2012
INCLINOMETER
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LFCF can Float and Crack!
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LFCF can Float and Crack!
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LFCF can Float and Crack!
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Acknowledgements
• Iowa DOT
– Soils Design
– Office of Design
– Sioux City RCE
• GSI
• REICO
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THANK YOU!!
• Questions?