application of the terminal solid solubility (tss) tool ... · • on-site set-up, adm/tss training...
TRANSCRIPT
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GENERATING SUCCESS --- FOR 100 YEARS
Application of the Terminal Solid
Solubility (TSS) Tool for Fuel Channel
Inspection in Wolsong Unit 2
A. Wallace, K. Tashiro(Kinectrics Inc., Toronto ON Canada)
Kim, J-S(KHNP, Wolsong NPP 1, South Korea)
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Outline
• Hydrogen in Pressure Tubes
• Introduction to the TSS Technology
• Past Operating Experience
• Kinectrics Improvements
• Wolsong Unit 2 Campaigns
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Hydrogen in Pressure Tubes
• Hydrogen forms brittle precipitates in pressure tubes (PTs)
• Can threaten long-term PT integrity:
– DHC from notches
– Reduced toughness
– Blister formation
• [H]eq = [H]initial + [D]/2
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0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Distance from inlet (m)
Hyd
rog
en
Eq
uiv
ale
nt
Co
ncen
tra
tio
n (
mg
/kg
)
Measured values at 12 o'clock
TSSD
CSA N285.8-05 limit
Pressure Tube Heq Profile
Surveillance Pressure Tube after >160k EFPH
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What is TSS?
TSSd and TSSp curves provided CSA N285.8
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
[H]eq (mg/kg)
So
lvu
s T
em
pe
ratu
re (
oC
)
TSSd
TSSp
Hydrides Precipitated
Hydrogen in Solution
The TSS curves
indicate the
concentration of H
in solution that is in
equilibrium with Zr
hydride at a given
temperature for
both: • heating (TSSd,
dissolution temp), and;
• cooling (TSSp,
precipitation temp)
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Basic Components of the TSS Tool
SERVICE CONNECTORS
EDDY CURRENT PROBE & THERMOCOUPLES
CENTERING MODULE TOOL SEALS INDUCTION HEATING COILS
INSULATION
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Auxiliary Equipment
Pump Cart
Power Cart
In Vault Cart Control Rack
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TSS Tool Advantages• The TSS Tool has several clear advantages
over scrape sampling:
– Reduced dose uptake to staff
– No material is removed from the PT inside surface
– No need to handle and ship samples for analysis
– Results available for review before tool comes off channel
– Bulk measurement, not affected by surface gradients
– Result is representative of both [H], Heq, and [D], deuterium concentration
– TSSd temperature values can be used directly in assessments
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TSS Tool Limitations
– Cannot distinguish between [H] and [D]
– Additional design and assessment work is required to
justify heating the PT to temperatures greater than the
design registration temperature in the stress report
(~320oC)
– Required to measure expected TSSd values near End-of-Life
– Assessments have already been performed to support up to 350oC
– May be necessary to develop TSSd-based predictive
models
– May not be able to measure TSSd in new PTs with low
initial [H] for first few years until Heq builds up
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TSS Tool Operation
1. The tool is inserted into a defueled pressure tube (PT) and positioned at the target measurement location
2. The seals are inflated to create a closed annular space
• Coolant continues to flow through the centre of the tool
3. N2 gas is injected to displace the D2O coolant from the annular region around the central body of the tool
4. The measurement probe head is extended so that the thermocouples contact the PT inside surface
5. Power is applied to the induction heaters on either side of the measurement probe head
6. A minimum of two and cooling cycles are applied and the temperature and resistivity are recorded for analysis
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TSS Measurement
• TSS Tool identifies the temperature of hydride
dissolution (TTSSD) by measuring the pressure tube
resistivity (with eddy current techniques) through a
controlled heating cycle, and identifying the inflection
point in the Resistivity vs. Temperature curve.
• Pressure tube material resistivity can be described by
the following relationship:
• ρρρρT = ρρρρo (1 + αααα(T)) + ρρρρH CH(T)
11
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TSS MeasurementMATHEMATICAL CONSTRUCT INTERSECTING LINES CONSTRUCT
BASE RESPONSE
FIRST DERIVATIVE
SECOND DERIVATIVE
Resistivity (V) vs.
Temperature (H)
plots.
Whereas DSC measures changes in heat flow associated with hydride dissolution and precipitation, the TSS Tool measures an inflection in the rate of change of
resistivity associated with changing hydrogen concentration in solution
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Sample Data Analysis
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Past Operating Experience
• TSS Used in 20 OPG and Bruce Power campaigns
• Significant Dose Savings (100 R?)
• What went wrong?
– Insufficient effort managing transition from scrape
• Outage pressure prevented scrape & TSS, repeats
– Insufficient system configuration control and QA
• Probe manufacturing problems
– Late recognition of the problems
• Inability to calibrate on CFTS
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TSS Tool Validation
15
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Surveillance PT Comparison
150
200
250
300
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Axial Location (m)
DS
C T
SS
d (
oC
)
Inlet R/J (12:00)
12 o'clock
6 o'clock
Outlet R/J (12:00)
TSS Tool uncorrected
TSS Tool Empirically Corrected
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Kinectrics Improvements to TSS Tool
• Following OPG’s decision to stop using the tool, Kinectrics negotiated the right to use/modify TSS for CANDU Fuel Channel inspections worldwide
• Obtained access to all equipment, data and procedures
• Implemented several improvements• Calibration & Test facility
• Probe fabrication and Induction Coil procedures
• Dedicated Umbilical Cabling and Tool Interface
• Improved seals and bladders
• Training and Procedures
• Successfully marketed TSS to KHNP
• Latest improvement is inboard RJ measurements and modelling
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Wolsong Unit 2 TSS Scope Overview
• Definition of inspection scope and recommend fuel channel selection
• On-site set-up, ADM/TSS training and calibration
• Provide PB interface from TSS to ADM with new umbilical cable
• Operation and Interface with Delivery Machine
• In 2010, TSS measurements on 4 channels (BoT only)
• In 2013, TSS measurements on 10 channels in the BoT, including either 1 or 3 measurements near each rolled joint (180, 250, 360mm from the PT end)
• Analysis of results, preliminary & final reports
• Deuterium ingress modeling
• Provide support for regulatory communications
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Calibration Facility
19
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• Performed integrity assessment
– Wall thinning and creep in the RJ region not
sufficient to require irradiation strengthening to
be invoked in stress report
– Hence no concern about exceeding design
registration T, if necessary
• Used mock-up tests to demonstrate that surrounding FC components are not heated significantly when PT is heated to 350°C
Preparation for RJ Measurements
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Preparation for RJ Measurements
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Preparation for RJ Measurements
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In-Vault Operations• TSS Tool transferred into vault inside the ADM
• Instrumentation hooked up and tested, verified
• Attached to calibration facility and performed calibration
• ADM mounted to FM bridge
• 2010 4 BoT fuel channel TSS measurements(2 teams on 12h shifts)
• 2013 10 BoT fuel channel and inlet and outlet Inboard RJ TSS measurements
(2 teams on 12h shifts)
• Post-campaign calibration on calibration facility
• 100% of planned measurements achieved
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On-channel Measurement
Example TSS Heating/Cooling Cycle
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Elapsed time (min)
Pre
ss
ure
Tu
be
Te
mp
era
ture
(oC
)
Preconditioning Measurement #1 Measurement #2
Perform
Preliminary
Analysis
Option to abort second
measurement cycle
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PT Offcut Measurements
• Offcut measurements were performed by Kinectrics
to establish the initial H for each tube inspected
• Critical to obtaining reasonable D estimates from
TSSd and Heq
• D = 2(Heq – Hinitial)
• In general, initial H was found to be 1 - 2 ppm
higher than the reported ingot analysis
– Likely due to 24h 400C steam autoclaving
25
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W2 Offcut Initial Hydrogen
26
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Scrape vs TSS DUR Comparison
27
Es
tim
ate
d H
eq
Up
tak
e R
ate
Estimated Coolant Temperature
2007
2010
2013
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RJ and BoT TSSd ProfilesT
SS
d
Distance from PT Inlet End
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RJ and BoT Concentration ProfilesH
yd
rog
en
Eq
uiv
ale
nt
Co
nc
en
tra
tio
n
Distance from PT Inlet End
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Summary
• Tool and equipment performed well for two campaigns
• Pre-and post on-channel calibrations of 8 ppm successful
• 2013 campaign performed measurements in BoT and both
RJ regions in one visit (3 channels - 10 locations each)
• Valid measurements obtained at all BoT and near RJ
locations
• Inferred D values consistent with prior scrape and TSS data
• Kinectrics demonstrated its ability to execute an inspection
campaign in the field under a highly challenging timeline
• The TSS Tool has been re-established as a viable
inspection technology