application of in situ observations to current satellite-derived sea surface temperature products
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Application of in situ Observations to Current Satellite-Derived Sea Surface Temperature Products. Gary A. Wick NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory With thanks to S. L. Castro, CCAR, University of Colorado, and D. L. Jackson, CIRES. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Application of in situ Observations to Current Satellite-Derived Sea Surface Temperature Products
Gary A. Wick
NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory
With thanks to S. L. Castro, CCAR, University of Colorado, and D. L. Jackson, CIRES
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Gary A. Wick NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory
Observed Differences BetweenInfrared and Microwave Products
Detailed comparisons between infrared and microwave SST products show complex spatial and temporal differences.
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Gary A. Wick NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory
In Situ Observations
• Moored buoys– Better calibration– Ancillary data
• Drifting buoys– Poorer calibration– Best spatial sampling
• Ship-based subsurface measurements– Concerns with intake heating
• Ship-based radiometer measurements– Most directly related to satellite observations– Not available in sufficient numbers until recently
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Gary A. Wick NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory
Historical Applications
• Operational SST algorithms and products– Algorithms derived from regression of satellite brightness
temperatures directly against in situ observations• Minimizes uncertainty related to atmospheric
transmission and surface processes• < 0.1 K Bias; ~0.5 K rms
– Independent set of buoys retained for validation
• Reynolds SST analysis– Optimal interpolation of satellite and in situ observations– In situ observations used to remove bias from satellite data
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Gary A. Wick NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory
Ongoing Activities
• GODAE High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature Pilot Project
• National Ocean Partnership Program– Partnered with NESDIS, NRL, Universities,
Remote Sensing Systems
www.ghrsst-pp.org
www.misst.org
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Gary A. Wick NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory
Error Characterization Approach
• Construct collocations between buoy measurements and satellite retrievals
• Bin satellite – in situ SST differences as functions of multiple environmental parameters
• Identify dominant dependencies• Express bias and rms estimates through multi-
dimensional look-up tables• Parameter combinations evaluated through
reduction in sensor-buoy and sensor-sensor differences
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Gary A. Wick NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory
Data Sources
• Infrared Satellite Data– AVHRR
• Operational NLSST - Naval Oceanographic Office
• Microwave Satellite Data– AMSR-E– TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI)
• Remote Sensing Systems – Wentz and Gentemann
• Buoys– QC’d GTS buoys via NCEP/CDC
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Gary A. Wick NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory
AVHRR Uncertainty Sources
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Gary A. Wick NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory
AVHRR Uncertainty Sources
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Gary A. Wick NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory
Microwave Uncertainty Sources
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Gary A. Wick NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory
Microwave Uncertainty Sources
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Gary A. Wick NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory
Sample Bias Adjustments
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Gary A. Wick NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory
Formulation Evaluation
• Applied derived bias adjustments to satellite observations
• Computed change in standard deviation of the satellite – buoy differences
• Done for both dependent (reanalysis) and independent (operational) periods
• Evaluates bias only
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Gary A. Wick NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory
Evaluation of Bias Adjustments
Terms Net STD Reduction (%)
STD Reduction for Points
Adjusted (%)Points Adjusted
(%)
WS, WV, SST 5.79 5.85 99.7
WS, SST 2.75 2.75 100.0
WS, WV, SST, Ts-Ta 2.65 3.14 87.4
WS, Ts-Ta, SST 3.81 4.33 89.1
AMSR-E Independent Validation, Oct-Dec, 2003
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Gary A. Wick NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory
Impact of the Bias Adjustments
Before Adjustment
After Adjustment
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http://www.ghrsst-pp.org
16
Ingestion, Dissemination andProcessing Service (IDPS)
Global Data Analysis Centre (GDAC)
SST data products (L2P, L4)
Regional Data Assembly Centres (RDAC)
RDAC RDAC RDAC RDAC RDAC
HR-DDSarchive
ProductRollingArchive
Metadatarepository
(MMR)
Matchupdatabase
(MDB)USA EU
Global coverage L4 SST products
Global L4 analysis systems…
GHRSST-PP Long Term Stewardship and Reanalysis Facility (LTSRF) at NODC
Historical time series SST CDR products
GHRSST Regional/Global Task Sharing
A working demonstration of GEOSS!
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Gary A. Wick NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory
GHRSST Use of In Situ Data
• Buoy observations adopted as source of accuracy estimates for all satellite sensors
• Real-time matchup database maintained for all sensors
• Bias and rms estimates updated weekly based on database
• Efforts to withhold in situ observations from analyses to retain independence
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Gary A. Wick NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory
Prototype Radiometric Skin Observing System
• NOPP project to demonstrate the feasibility and assess the impact of routine radiometric observations of the skin temperature
• Multiple radiometers on ships-of-opportunity over a 3-year period– M-AERI on Royal Caribbean Explorer of the Seas– CIRIMS on Research Vessels Ron Brown and Thompson– ISAR on ferry and merchant vessel
P. Minnett A. Jessup
W. Wimmer
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Gary A. Wick NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory
Impact on Satellite Algorithms
• Derived simultaneous skin and subsurface SST regression algorithms from coincident observations
• Evaluated accuracy with independent observations• Accuracy generally better for subsurface SST
retrievals– Likely related to greater variability of skin observations
• Final results still being analyzed
CIRIMS matchups
2003-4
M-AERI matchups
2004
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Gary A. Wick NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory
Ongoing Issues
• Independent observations• Sufficient accuracy• Adequate sampling of all representative
environmental conditions
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Gary A. Wick NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory
Optimal Characterization
• Infrared– Satellite zenith angle– Channel 4-5 brightness temperature
difference– Sea surface temperature– Climatological anomaly
• Microwave– Wind speed– Water vapor content– SST– Climatological anomaly