F. Prandi, R. de Amicis, P. Parslow, M. Ford, E. D’Hondt

Application Domain Extensions definition for crowd source and Volunteer Geographic

Information for smart-cities services deployment.

Outlook

Introduction to i-SCOPE project;

Motivations;

The crowd source approach;

Noise measurement modelling;

Disabled routing data modelling;

Conclusion.

i-SCOPE project

The latest generation of 3D Urban Information Models (UIM), created from accurate urban-scale geospatial information, can be used to deploy smart web services based on geometric, semantic, morphological and structural information at urban scale level.

Context

i-SCOPE project

The consortium

i-SCOPE project: Goal “i-SCOPE aim to deliver an open source toolkit for 3D smart city

services based on 3D Urban Information Models (UIM), created from accurate urban-scale geospatial information.”

i-SCOPE project: The adressed scenario

1) Improved inclusion and personal mobility of aging people and diversely able citizens;

2) Energy dispersion & solar energy potential assessment;

3) Noise mapping & simulation.

Motivation: standard approach to city models

CityGML as a standard

•CityGML is designed as an open data model and XML-based format for the storage and exchange of virtual 3D city models.

•CityGML is an application schema of the Geography Markup Language 3 (GML3)

•CityGML is based on a number of standards from the ISO 191xx family, the Open Geospatial Consortium, the W3C Consortium, the Web 3D Consortium, and the Organisation for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS)

•14th of March 2012: the members of the OGC have adopted version 2.0.0 of CityGML as an official OGC Standard.

Motivation: Use of ADEs to model the services

Extensions to the CityGML data model applying to specific application fields can be implemented using the Application Domain Extensions (ADE).

The crowd source approach

Noise mapping and simulation. To do so i-SCOPE delivers smart services that: – Calculate, in an interoperable manner, noise

levels both through simulation and through mapping based on accurate UIMs.

– Create real-time and accumulated noise maps through data collected by citizens, who are involved as prosumers (producers and consumers) of environmental data, through the use of their mobile phones as “noise” sensors, measuring city-wide noise levels

Issues

How to ensure the significance of the measurements?

How to verify the accuracy?

How to relate the noise to the city features?

The crowd source approach

GOAL: Collect initial set of Noise data by pilot partners. • Campaigns using NoiseTube.

• Coordinated grassroot/istitutional

campaign. • Avoid unstructured individual campaign. • Better using know and calibrated devices.

Single user Unstructured data

Multiple user Unstructured data

Multiple user Averaged data

Crowd source noise Data collection:

The crowd source approach

Zagreb

Baia Mare

Crowd source noise Data collection i-CSCOPE pilot examples:

The crowd source approach

Profiling ISO19156 Observations and Measurements ISO 19156 ‘Observations and measurements’ provides a generic framework for

describing both the observing event and the results of the observation. It is applicable to a wide range of scientific and technical domains.

The generic nature of this standard means that it requires further specialisation to constrain aspects of the model …

INSPIRE Specialised Observations

Profiling ISO19156 Observations and Measurements

Defines 3 types of Specialised Observation based on the Result Type. These extend the example ISO 19156 specialised observations:

• Gridded Observation

• Trajectory or Profile Observations

• Point Observations

INSPIRE Specialised Observations constrain

the result, featureOfInterest and

phenomenonTime

Proposed Noise Measurements Model

• Two data exchange requirements: – Source noise exposure measurements – Aggregated/modelled noise exposure measurements

1. Source noise exposure measurements: – Time series collected at mobile locations (NoiseTube)

– Need to extend to include summary statistics

Recommendation 1 – Use INSPIRE Specialised Observation –

Trajectory Observation

TimeSeries Result for TrajectoryObservation

TimeSeries Result for TrajectoryObservation

SamplingCoverageObservation

«featureType»Trajectory and Profile Observ ations::

TrajectoryObserv ation

«featureType»NoiseTrajectoryObserv ation

«DataType»NoiseTubeStatistics

+ count :Integer+ lengthOfTrack :Length+ maxLAeq :Measure+ meanLAeq :Measure+ minLAeq :Measure

constraints{UoM of maxLAeq shall be given in dBA}{UoM of minLAeq shall be given in dBA}{UoM of meanLAeq shall be given in dBA}

«dataType»Trajectory and Profile

Observ ations::TimeLocationValueTriple

+ location :GM_Position

«DataType»SummaryStatistics

CVT_TimeInstantValuePair

«DataType»Timeseries::

AnnotatedTimeValuePair

+ geometry :TM_Position+ value :Record

CVT_DiscreteTimeInstantCoverage

«Type»Timeseries::Timeseries

+ temporalExtent :TM_Period

Constraints for INSPIRE Specialised Observ ation - Trajectory Observ ation

1. result must be a TimeSeries2. each point in the result must be a

TimeLocationValueTriple3. phenomenonTime must be a TM_Period4. featureOfInterest must be a

SF_SamplingCurve

+summaryStatistics 0..1

+collection 0..*

+point 0..*

For an aggregated/modelled trajectory observation the INSPIRE TrajectoryObservation should be

used

Proposed Noise Measurements Model

2. Aggregated/modelled noise exposure measurements • Post-processing modelling may generate generalised noise exposure

measurements for an area of interest: – Regular gridded data – overlay over terrain model or city model

– Around Road, Rail, Airport, Industry (see Noise Mapping Model)

Recommendation 1 – Use INSPIRE Specialised Observation –

Grid Observation

Proposed Noise Measurements Model

Grid Observation Result - INSPIRE RectifiedGridCoverage

«featureType»Gridded Observ ations::

GridObserv ation

«FeatureType»Sampling Cov erage Observ ation::

SamplingCov erageObserv ation

«FeatureType»cov erageObserv ation::

OM_DiscreteCov erageObserv ation

«FeatureType»observ ation::OM_Observ ation

Constraints for INSPIRE Grid Observation:

1. The Result shall be a RectifiedGridCoverage2. phenomenonTime must be a TM_Instant3. featureOfInterest must be a SF_SamplingSolid or

SF_SamplingSurface

«featureType»Cov erages (Domain and Range)::

RectifiedGridCov erage

constraints{domainIsRectifiedGrid}{grid points shall coincide with grid cell centres}

«featureType»Coverages (Domain and Range)::

CoverageByDomainAndRange

+ coverageFunction :CoverageFunction [0..1]+ domainSet :Any+ rangeSet :Any [0..*] {ordered}

«union»Cov erages (Domain and Range)::

Cov erageFunction

+ ruleDefinition :CharacterString+ ruleReference :URI+ gridFunction :GridFunction

«featureType»Coverages (Base)::Coverage

+ metadata :Any [0..*]+ rangeType :RecordType

«dataType»Cov erages (Domain and Range)::GridFunction

+ sequenceRule :CV_SequenceRule [0..1]+ startPoint :Integer [0..*] {ordered}

NOTE: The GridObservation shall be directly imported from the INSPIRE Coverage Model without any addition extensions for Noise.

GridObservation

Routing services

Pilots have very few data of their own available for the task of Inclusive Routing… Solution: • Leverage on OpenStreetMap data. • Survey missing elements on a pilot

area: – Optional elements – Mandatory elements

Pg routing

OSM data

Other Graph

Data preparation

Manual (JOSM)

Survey

OpenLS Interface

Routing services

Mobile application for barriers Data collection:

Architectural Barriers Survey App offers a system of data collection that allow crowdsourcing in the field of the urban architectural features evaluation. Thanks to this application and the NoiseTube App, the user will become active part of the project, letting the data collected in the urban area be accessible to everybody through a dedicated web portal.

Architectural Barriers Survey App is available from Apple Store for free

Routing services Best practice: GSH NGO Cles

A good example of involvment of the final users is the collaboration with GSH: • GSH was already involved into

architectural barriers survey, but the data (in analogic format) are not usable and difficult to update.

• i-SCOPE involves the NGO into the definitions of the data model of the application.

• GSH performs an already planned survey substituting the traditional analogic survey with a first beta version of the app. Thanks to their feedback many improvements have been done.

• i-SCOPE provide the collected data into an open reusable (.csv) format to GSH.

• The data acquired became the base for the OSM data enrichment (to be completed).

Dedicated Web Portal – Data Export The data are listed in a table view and the photos are visible in a preview popup.

JOSM editor The new surveyed featurs have to be used to edit and enrich the existing OSM dataset (in green the new sidewalks features)

Routing services

Application Domain Definition

Conclusion

Crowd source approach is growing with location services

enabled smart-phones;

Issues are still open about accuracy and quality;

Definition of very strong constrains into survey rules and

procedures can improve the situation;

A well defined data model is mandatory;

Very difficult to instantiate a direct pipeline: collection-

services.