application distillation

7/26/2019 Application Distillation

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APPLICATION AND THE

BENEFIT



Petrochemical industries



Extractive distillation (ED

• ED is a vapor-liquid process operation that

uses a third component, or solvent, to effect a

chemical separation.• The extractive agent and agent-induced less

volatile component flow to the bottom of the

distillation column.

• The non-extracted species are distilled to the

top of the extractive distillation tower.



• to se!arate close"#oilin$ mixtures%

• Ben&ene' toluene and xlenerecover and !uri)cation *romaromatics"containin$ *eedstoc+s%

• ,trene recover *rom !rolsis$asoline%

• ,ul*ur removal *rom crac+ed $asolinestoc+%



Distillation o* crude oil

• -hen the re)ner is close to the oil )eld' the oiland $ases are !um!ed *rom the )eld to there)ner either to$ether or in se!arate !i!es%

• -here the oil is *ound .ell a.a *rom .here it is to#e re)ned' the $ases are removed and either usedas a *uel or *or chemical manu*acture or' .herethis is not economicall via#le' the are /0ared1%

• Flarin$ is .here the $ases are sim!l #urnt at theoil )eld%



• Methane and ethane are separated from the

other gases by fractionation.• propane and butane are separated by

distillation.

• The crude oil is then transported to a refinery by a variety of means.

• n the refineries the oil is distilled into liquid

fractions with different boiling points whichare then further processed.



• The hi$h #oilin$ !oint residue *rom the crudeoil is then trans*erred to another column anddistilled under vacuum2

• lo.erin$ the !ressure reduces the #oilin$!oint and ensures constituents distil attem!eratures #elo. their decom!ositiontem!erature%

• From this !rocess' lu#ricatin$ oils and .axesare o#tained%

• The )nal residue *rom the !rocess is #itumen%



Oil and $as industries



PET3OLE45

• Petroleum is a com!lex mixture o*or$anic li6uids called crude oil andnatural $as' .hich occurs naturall in

the $round and .as *ormed millionso* ears a$o% Crude oil and natural$as are o* little use in their ra. state2

their value lies in .hat is created*rom them7 *uels' lu#ricatin$ oils'.axes' as!halt' !etrochemicals and

!i!eline 6ualit natural $as%



Fractional distillation

• se!arate hdrocar#ons *rom !etroleum' allo.in$those o* lo.er molecular mass to #oil o8 and #ecollected )rst%

• Natural $as' ether' na!htha' tar and $asolinese!arates *rom !etroleum%

• A#out 9:; o* all industrial se!aration !rocesses

involve distillation' .hich consumes lar$e amountso* ener$2 *or that reason' ever more e<cient *ormso* distillation are continuall #ein$ researched%



E6ui!ment T!e

► Distillation e6ui!ment includes t.oma=or cate$ories' tras and !ac+in$%

► Tras *orce a risin$ va!or to #u##lethrou$h a !ool o* descendin$ li6uid%

► Pac+in$ creates a sur*ace *or li6uid tos!read on% The thin li6uid )lm has ahi$h sur*ace area *or mass"trans*er#et.een the li6uid and va!or%



Food industries



• Distillation ena#les the se!aration and!uri)cation o* volatile *ood !roducts *roma6ueous #lends%

• Distillation can #e used to se!arate0avours or essential oils' #ut is mainlused either *or the !roduction o* !ota#lealcohol or s!irits' or *or the industrial

!roduction o* alcohol *rom a$ricultural ra.materials (e%$% *ruit' $rain' .hich can then#e used in alcoholic #evera$es (li6uors



• The !rocess ta+es !lace in t.o #asic t!es o*e6ui!ment7 the

• (a!ot still and the

•(#column still%

• ,tills ma #e o!erated sin$l or in $rou!s% Theaddition o* heat ena#les the se!aration o*alcohol>a6ueous com!ounds *rom the initial

li6uid *eed in the still% Condensed a6ueousalcohol is removed as a li6uid s!irit *rom thehead o* the still' .hilst a residual stream isdischar$ed *rom the #ase

application distillation

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