1

Adrián Emmanuel Menchaca Santos ID: 1877342Luis Antonio de la Garza Gonzáles ID: 1842652Montserrat Ibarra Bermúdez ID: 1869971Cynthia Sarahi Aguirre Garza ID: 1857344Lydia Lissette De la Torre Limón ID: 1858052Sofía Vargas Martínez ID: 1869971

Application Activity

Grupo 201

Ms. Nashielly Moreira Vela

2 Index #1

*Organization of the body*Homeostasis*Food and energy*Functions of the digestiv

e system*The process of digestion

3 Index #2

*Causes of infectious disease*How diseases spread*Non-specific defenses*Specific defenses*Immune system in action*Acquired immunity*When immune system over

reacts*HIV and AIDS

END

4Organization of the

Body

• First level, cell: smallest living units of structure and function in the body and they contain organelles.

• Second level, tissue: the organization of similar cells that unite to perform a common function. There are 4 types of tissue:

Epithelial Tissue Connective tissue Nervous tissue Muscle tissue

• Third level, organs: different types of tissue working together to perform a single or several related functions.

• Fourth level, organ systems: group of organs performing closely related functions.

5 Homeostasis

Homeostasis is the tendency to resist change in order to maintain a stable, relatively constant internal environment.

6

Food and

Energy

Food-ingest:• Energy-heat- calorie/cellular

respiration +ATP• Calorie=1000• Nutrients:

Water Carbohydrates: complex

and simple Fats: saturated,

unsaturated, trans Proteins: growth-aminoacids Vitamins: tools Minerals: produce and

supply

7

Functions of the Digestive

System

The specialized function of the system is to break down the food into energy to survive, and package the residue into waste disposal.

8 Digestion

Process :• Mouth-mechanical process of

chewing the food, the salivary enzymes break down starches into small molecules.

• Esophagus- it uses peristalsis to force food from the throat into the stomach.

• Stomach- churns the food and bathes it in a very strong acid. The food that is partly digested is called chyme.

• Small intestine- In the small intestine, bile and other digestive enzymes help in the breakdown of food.

• Large intestine- In the large intestine, some of the water and electrolytes are removed from the food.

9

Causes of Infectious Disease

Infectious diseases can be caused by:• Bacteria. urinary tract

infections and tuberculosis.• Viruses. ranging from the

common cold to AIDS.• Fungi. Skin diseases, such as

athlete's foot. Other fungi can infect your lungs or nervous system.

• Parasites. Malaria is a parasite transmitted by a mosquito bite. Other parasites may be transmitted from animal feces.

10

How Disease

s Spread

Illnesses like the flu spread from person to person when droplets from the cough or sneeze of an infected person move through the air and get into the mouth or nose of people nearby.

foods may also come with a virus, bacteria, or parasite. As a result, foodborne illnesses are common.

11

Non-Specific

Defenses

A kind of defense that is not specialized for a particular kind of invader. It is a general defense against any kind of pathogen.

There are two levels of nonspecific defense:• First line of defense: barriers

Barriers: skin, mucous membranes, gastric juice

• Second line of defense: internal defenses Leukocytes, antimicrobial

proteins, inflammatory response

12

Specific Defense

s

• Immune system• Self-other/immune

response• Antigens-antibodies• Lymphocytes

Immune System

on Action

A successful immune response to invaders requires:• Recognition• Activation and mobilization• Regulation• Resolution

13

14

Acquired Immunit

y

It is learned. As a person’s immune system encounters foreign substances (antigens), the components of acquired immunity learn the best way to attack each antigen and begin to develop a memory for that antigen.

15

When Immune System

Overreacts

It has a special identification mechanism of its own: what is natural and what is foreign? If a foreign substance is detected, the immune system will be activated.

In the case of an allergic reaction, the immune system is mistaken;. It overreacts to a harmless substance

The type of allergic reaction depends on where the allergen enters the body and the type of immune cells that are activated.

16HIV and AIDS

HIV is the unfortunate combination of an oddly reproducing virus hitting the uniquely sensitive biological function of immunity, making it the best explanation for the cause of AIDS.

17 Bibliography

* Cleveland Clinic. (2017). Digestive System Function & Organs | Cleveland Clinic. [online] Available at: http://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/the-structure-and-function-of-the-digestive-system [Accessed 31 Jan. 2017].

*MSD Manual Consumer Version. (2017). Overview of the Immune System - Immune Disorders - MSD Manual Consumer Version. [online] Available at: http://www.msdmanuals.com/home/immune-disorders/biology-of-the-immune-system/overview-of-the-immune-system [Accessed 31 Jan. 2017].

*Mayoclinic.org. (2017). Symptoms and causes - Infectious diseases - Mayo Clinic. [online] Available at: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/symptoms-causes/dxc-20168651 [Accessed 31 Jan. 2017].

* Prevention, C. (2017). Understand How Infectious Diseases Spread | Travelers' Health | CDC. [online] Wwwnc.cdc.gov. Available at: https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/infectious-diseases [Accessed 31 Jan. 2017].

*Miller, K. & Levine J. (2010) Biology. USA: Pearson Education, Inc. p. 862, 863 The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia (2012) Immunity 6th ed. Retrieved from: http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/immunity-nonspecific- defenses.html Accessed Jan 31, 2017