AppiumEssentials

TableofContents

AppiumEssentials

Credits

AbouttheAuthor

AbouttheReviewers

www.PacktPub.com

Supportfiles,eBooks,discountoffers,andmore

Whysubscribe?

FreeaccessforPacktaccountholders

Preface

Whatthisbookcovers

Whatyouneedforthisbook

Whothisbookisfor

Conventions

Readerfeedback

Customersupport

Downloadingtheexamplecode

Errata

Piracy

Questions

1.Appium–ImportantConceptualBackground

Appiumarchitecture

AppiumoniOS

AppiumonAndroid

TheSeleniumJSONwireprotocol

Appiumsession

Desiredcapabilities

Androidcapabilities

iOScapabilities

TheAppiumserveranditsclientlibraries

Summary

2.GettingStartedwithAppium

Appium–prosandcons

SystemrequirementsforAndroid/iOS

AndroidrequirementsonWindowsandMac

iOSrequirements

Installingdifferentsoftware

AppiuminstallationforAndroid

InstallingJDKonWindows

InstallingtheAndroidSDK

SettingthesystemvariablesforMac

AppiumforiOS

InstallingXcode

InstallingHomebrew

Nodeandnpm

AppiumfordifferentOSes

AppiumforWindows

AppiumforMac

DownloadingthenecessaryJARfiles

Creatingemulatorsandsimulators

AniOSsimulator

AnAndroidemulator

SettingupanEclipseJavaproject

Summary

3.TheAppiumGUI

TheAppiumserver

TheAppiumGUIforWindows

AndroidSettings

Application

LaunchDevice

Capabilities

Advanced

GeneralSettings

Server

Logging

Developersettings

About

Inspector

TheLaunch/Stopbutton

TheClearbutton

TheAppiumGUIforMac

AndroidSettings

iOSSettings

Application

DeviceSettings

Advanced

RobotSettings

Save/Openconfiguration

Appiumdoctor

Inspector

TheRecordingpanel

Summary

4.FindingElementswithDifferentLocators

FindingelementsforAndroidweb-basedappsusingtheChromeADBplugin

FindingelementsforiOSweb-basedappsusingSafari’sDevelopoption

FindingelementsbyID

Findingelementsbyname

FindingelementsbylinkText

FindingelementsbyXpath

FindingelementsbycssSelector

Findingelementsfornativeandhybridapps

FindingelementswithUIAutomatorviewer

FindingelementsbyID

Findingelementsbyname

FindingelementsbyclassName

FindingelementsbyAccessibilityId

FindingelementsbyAndroidUIAutomator

FindingelementswithAppiumInspector

FindingelementsbyXpath

Findingelementsbyname

FindingelementsbyIosUIAutomation

Summary

5.WorkingwithAppium

Importantinitialpoints

NecessarydesiredcapabilitiesforAndroidandinitiatingtheAndroiddriver

Desiredcapabilitiesfornativeandhybridapps

Desiredcapabilitiesforwebapps

NecessarydesiredcapabilitiesforiOSandinitiatingtheiOSdriver

Desiredcapabilitiesfornativeandhybridapps

Desiredcapabilitiesforwebapps

Automatingnativeapps

NativeAndroidapps

NativeiOSapps

Workingwithweb-apps

WebappsonAndroid

WebappsoniOS

Hybridapps’automation

Androidhybridapps

iOShybridapps

Summary

6.DrivingAppiumonRealDevices

Importantinitialpoints

DesiredcapabilitiesforAndroidandinitiatingtheAndroiddriver

Desiredcapabilitiesfornativeandhybridapps

Desiredcapabilitiesforwebapps

Installingprovisionalprofile,SafariLauncher,andios-webkit-debug-proxy

Provisionalprofile

SafariLauncherappandios-webkit-debug-proxy

DesiredcapabilitiesforiOSandinitiatingtheiOSdriver

DesiredcapabilitiesfornativeandhybridApps

Desiredcapabilitiesforwebapps

Automatingnativeapps

Androidnativeapps

iOSnativeapps

Workingwithwebapps

WebappsonAndroid

WebappsoniOS

Automatinghybridapps

Androidhybridapps

iOShybridapps

Summary

7.AdvancedUserInteractions

Exploringadvanceduserinteractions

Longpress

Scrollandswipe

Draganddrop

Pinchandzoom

Alerts

Spinners

Theswitchbutton

TheslideSeekBar

Capturingscreenshots

Capturingscreenshotsontestfailure

Summary

Index

AppiumEssentials

AppiumEssentialsCopyright©2015PacktPublishing

Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthepublisher,exceptinthecaseofbriefquotationsembeddedincriticalarticlesorreviews.

Everyefforthasbeenmadeinthepreparationofthisbooktoensuretheaccuracyoftheinformationpresented.However,theinformationcontainedinthisbookissoldwithoutwarranty,eitherexpressorimplied.Neithertheauthor,norPacktPublishing,anditsdealersanddistributorswillbeheldliableforanydamagescausedorallegedtobecauseddirectlyorindirectlybythisbook.

PacktPublishinghasendeavoredtoprovidetrademarkinformationaboutallofthecompaniesandproductsmentionedinthisbookbytheappropriateuseofcapitals.However,PacktPublishingcannotguaranteetheaccuracyofthisinformation.

Firstpublished:April2015

Productionreference:1060415

PublishedbyPacktPublishingLtd.

LiveryPlace

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BirminghamB32PB,UK.

ISBN978-1-78439-248-2

www.packtpub.com

CreditsAuthor

ManojHans

Reviewers

ShankarGarg

PetroPodrezo

YalçınYenigün

CommissioningEditor

AmitGhodake

AcquisitionEditor

ReshmaRaman

ContentDevelopmentEditor

RitikaSingh

TechnicalEditor

MananPatel

CopyEditor

DiptiKapadia

ProjectCoordinator

AboliAmbardekar

JudieJose

Proofreaders

SimranBhogal

LesleyHarrison

Indexer

PriyaSane

ProductionCoordinator

KomalRamchandani

CoverWork

KomalRamchandani

AbouttheAuthorManojHansisaseniorQAengineerwhohasrichexperienceinsoftwaretesting.Apartfromtesting,hehasworkedinotherareasofITsuchaswebhosting,development,andsoftwareconfiguration.

HewasinterviewedfortheSeptember2013editionofSoftwareDeveloper’sJOURNALmagazineforSeleniumtraininginIndia.Manojispassionateaboutautomationtestingandlovestoautomatethings.

IwouldliketothankmyfamilyfortheircontinuedsupportwhileIspenteveningsandweekendsonthecomputer.IalsowanttothankUjjawalKumar,NishankJangra,andthePacktPublishingteamfortheirsupportduringthewritingofthisbook.

AbouttheReviewersShankarGargisanagileenthusiast,withexpertiseinautomationtesting.Currently,heworksasaseniorconsultantwithXebiaITArchitectsIndiaPvt.Ltd.

HestartedhiscareerasaJavadeveloper,buthisloveforbreakingthingsgothimintotesting.Hehasworkedontheautomationofmanyprojectsforweb,mobile,andSOAtechnologies.Rightnow,heisinlovewithCucumber,Selenium,Appium,andGroovy.

PriortoworkingwithXebia,hehasworkedforJabong.com,Honeywell,andTataConsultancyServices(TCS).

HeisaCertifiedScrumMaster(CSM),certifiedtester(ISTQB),aswellasacertifiedprogrammerforJava(SCJP5.0)andOracle9i(OCA).

IwouldliketothankmyfamilyforsupportingmewhenIwasreviewingthisbookandmakingsurethatIcompletedthingsontime.

PetroPodrezoisasoftwareconsultantfromToronto,Canada.HeholdsanHBScdegreefromtheUniversityofTorontoincomputerscienceandhasspecializedinsoftwareengineering.Hisworkismostlybasedonwebdevelopment,butoccasionally,itstretchesintotherealmofmobileapplicationsdevelopment.Apartfromwork,Petroenjoyscontributingtovariousopensourceprojectsanddevelopingwebappsassideprojects.

YalçınYenigünhasbeenworkingintheITindustrysince2009.Heearnedhisbachelor’sdegreeincomputerengineeringfromtheUniversityofGalatasaray,Istanbul.Hehasexperienceinobject-orienteddesign,analysis,agile,test-drivendevelopment,andJava/J2EE,inthefulllifecycleofthesoftwaredesignprocess.HehasworkedforZeroBufferandVodafoneasasoftwareengineerandimplementedvariouslarge-scaleprojects.

YalçıncurrentlyworksasasoftwaredevelopmentunitmanagerinBilgeAdam,whereheisresponsibleforpeoplemanagement,foradivisionofmorethan10softwareengineers.HeisatrainerofJavaprogramming,EffectiveJavaprogramming,JavaEnterpriseEdition,JavaWebServices,Androidprogramming,andtheProfessionalSCRUMDevelopercoursesforcorporates.HehasbeensponsoredbyTheScientificandTechnologicalResearchCouncilofTurkeyforopensourceresearchprojectsaswell.

Iwouldliketothankmyfriend,AbdullahAydeğer;mymathematicianbrother,OrçunYenigün;andmybestfriend,CansınAldanmaz,fortheirsupportthroughoutthereviewingofthisbook.Ialsoowethankstomyfather,ÜnalYenigün,andmother,HanifeYenigün,fortheirunconditionallove.

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PrefaceTheideaofmobileautomationusingtheSeleniumsyntaxfirstcameaboutattheSeleniumConferenceinApril2012inLondonbyDanCuellar.Duringthepresentation,heshowedtheautomationofiOSusingtheSeleniumsyntax.Peoplewhoattendedtheconferencewereexcitedaboutthetool’spossibilities.

AfewmonthsaftertheSeleniumconference,JasonHugginscontactedDanabouthisprojectonmobileautomation.JasonencouragedDantoreleasehiscodeunderanopensourcelicense.InAugustthatyear,DanreleasedthesourcecodeonGitHub.JasonthendecidedtointroducetheprojectinMobileTestingSummitinNovember2012,buttheprojectneededanewnamefirst.Thus,thenameAppiumwasborn.

AppiumistheoneofthemostpopulartoolsformobileautomationandisusedfortestingapplicationsoniOS,Android,andFirefoxplatforms.Itcanautomatenative,hybrid,andwebmobileapps.

InJanuary2013,SauceLabsdecidedtofullybackAppiumandcreatedateamtosupportAppium.Theteam,whichincludedJonathanLipps(thecurrentprojectlead),decidedthatAppiumneededarebirthandultimatelysettledonNode.jsastheframeworktobeused.

Appium,withitsnewdesign,debutedinGoogleTestAutomationConference2013andwasreleasedwithAndroidandSelendroidsupportafewmonthslater,tomakeAppiumthefirstcross-platformautomationframework.InMay2014,Appiumreleasedversion1.0withstabilityimprovements,bugfixes,andaddedfeatures.IfyouwanttoreadmoreaboutAppium’shistorythenyoucanvisittheofficialwebsitehttp://appium.io/history.html.

ThisbookwillhelpyouperformmobileautomationtestinganduseAppiumdrivesonbothemulators/simulatorsandrealdevices.Youwillalsohaveagoodunderstandingofmobileautomationconceptsonceyou’rethroughwithit.

WhatthisbookcoversChapter1,Appium–ImportantConceptualBackground,explainstheJSONwireprotocolandAppiumsessions,andyouwillgettoknowthe“desiredcapabilities”thatarerequiredbeforeyoustartusingAppium.AbriefintroductiontotheAppiumserverandtheclientlibraryarealsoprovidedinthechapter.

Chapter2,GettingStartedwithAppium,explainsthesystemrequirementsforbothAndroidandiOSplatformsandtheadvantagesofusingAppiumoverotherexistingtools.YouwillalsounderstandtheprerequisitestogetstartedwithAppium.Inthischapter,youwilllearnhowtoinstallandsetupthesoftwarewithsystemvariablesandcreatethedevelopmentenvironment.

Chapter3,TheAppiumGUI,explainsallthefunctionalitiesofthebuttonsandgeneralsettingsusingtheAppiumGUI.

Chapter4,FindingElementswithDifferentLocators,explainsthestepstofindelementsinordertointeractwithmobileapplications.Youwillalsobeacquaintedwithhowtousedifferentlocatorsandtechniquestofindtheelements.

Chapter5,WorkingwithAppium,explainsscriptwritingfordifferentmobileapplicationsthataresupportedbyAppium.Youalsogettoknowabouthowtoinstallmobileappsinanemulator.

Chapter6,DrivingAppiumonRealDevices,introducesuserstotestingmobileapplicationsonrealdevices.ThischapteralsoincludesthegeneralsettingsrequiredforrealdevicestoworkwithAppium.

Chapter7,AdvancedUserInteractions,explorestheAppiumclientlibraryandmobilegestures,suchasscroll,zoom,andswipe.YouwillalsolearnhowtocapturescreenshotsandtheusesoftheTestNGListenerfortakingscreenshotsontestfailure.

WhatyouneedforthisbookYouwillneedthefollowingsoftwaretogetstartedwiththeexamplesinthisbook:

Java(version7orlater)TheAndroidSDKAPIVersion17orlaterTheEclipseIDETestNGTheAppiumServerTheAppiumclientlibrary(Java)TheSeleniumServerandWebDriverJavalibraryTheADBpluginonChromebrowserWindows7orlaterMacOS10.7orlaterXcode(4.6.3oralaterversion;5.1isrecommended)

WhothisbookisforAppiumEssentialsisintendedforautomationtestersanddeveloperswhowanttoenhancetheirskillsinweb-basedautomationaswellasmobileapplicationautomationusingAppium.Itisassumedthatyouhavebasicknowledgeofmobileapplicationtesting,SeleniumWebDriver,andprogramming.

ConventionsInthisbook,youwillfindanumberofstylesoftextthatdistinguishbetweendifferentkindsofinformation.Herearesomeexamplesofthesestyles,andanexplanationoftheirmeaning.

Codewordsintextareshownasfollows:“Afterinstallation,runthecommandappium-doctortoensurethatwearereadywithAppium.”

Ablockofcodeissetasfollows:

@BeforeClass

publicvoidsetUp()throwsMalformedURLException{

//Setupdesiredcapabilities

DesiredCapabilitiescaps=newDesiredCapabilities();

Fileapp=newFile("pathoftheapk");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP,app);

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_VERSION,"4.4");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_NAME,"Android");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME,"Androidemulator");

caps.setCapability("avd","NameoftheAVDtolaunch");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP_PACKAGE,"packagenameof

yourapp(youcangetitfromapkinfoapp)");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP_ACTIVITY,"Launchactivityof

yourapp(youcangetitfromapkinfoapp)");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.BROWSER_NAME,"Browser");

//Incaseofweb-apps

driver=newAndroidDriver(newURL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"),

caps);

driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30,TimeUnit.SECONDS);

}

Anycommand-lineinputoroutputiswrittenasfollows:

androidcreateavd–n<nameoftheAVD>-t<targetID>

Newtermsandimportantwordsareshowninbold.Wordsthatyouseeonthescreen,inmenusordialogboxesforexample,appearinthetextlikethis:“ClickonAdvancedsystemsettings.”

NoteWarningsorimportantnotesappearinaboxlikethis.

TipTipsandtricksappearlikethis.

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Chapter1.Appium–ImportantConceptualBackgroundInthischapter,wewilllearnabouttheAppiumarchitecture,JavaScriptObjectNotation(JSON)wireprotocol,andAppiumsessionsaswellasgainanunderstandingofthedesiredcapabilitiesbeforestartingAppium.ThischapterwillalsotouchuponthetopicsoftheAppiumserveranditsclientlibrary.

Inshort,wewillcoverthefollowingtopics:

Appium’sarchitectureTheSeleniumJSONwireprotocolAppiumsessionsDesiredcapabilitiesTheAppiumserveranditsclientlibrary

AppiumarchitectureAppiumisanHTTPserverwritteninNode.jsthatcreatesandhandlesWebDriversessions.TheAppiumwebserverfollowsthesameapproachastheSeleniumWebDriver,whichreceivesHTTPrequestsfromclientlibrariesthroughJSONandthenhandlesthoserequestsindifferentways,dependingontheplatformitisrunningon.

Let’sdiscusshowAppiumworksiniOSandAndroid.

AppiumoniOSOnaniOSdevice,AppiumusesApple’sUIAutomationAPItointeractwiththeUIelements.UIAutomationisaJavaScriptlibraryprovidedbyAppletowritetestscripts;AppiumutilizesthesesamelibrariestoautomateiOSapps.

Let’stakealookatthearchitecture,whichisshowninthefollowingdiagram:

Intheprecedingdiagram,whenweexecutethetestscripts,itgoesintheformofJSONthroughanHTTPrequesttotheAppiumserver.TheAppiumserversendsthecommandtotheinstruments,andtheinstrumentslookforthebootstrap.jsfile,whichispushedbytheAppiumservertotheiOSdevice.Then,thesecommandsexecuteinthebootstrap.jsfilewithintheiOSinstruments’environment.Aftertheexecutionofthecommand,theclientsendsbackthemessagetotheAppiumserverwiththelogdetailsoftheexecutedcommand.

AsimilarkindofarchitecturefollowsinthecaseofAndroidappautomation.Let’sdiscusstheAppiumarchitectureforAndroid.

AppiumonAndroidOnanAndroiddevice,AppiumusestheUIAutomatorframeworktoautomatetheapps.UIAutomatorisaframeworkthatisdevelopedbytheAndroiddeveloperstotesttheAndroiduserinterface.

Let’stakealookatthearchitecture,whichisshowninthefollowingdiagram:

Intheprecedingdiagram,wehaveaUIAutomator/SelendroidinplaceofAppleinstrumentsandbootstrap.jarinplaceofthebootstrap.jsfile.

AppiumsupportsAndroidversionsgreaterthanorequalto17;forearlierversions,itusestheSelendroidframework.Whenweexecutethetestscripts,AppiumsendsthecommandtotheUIAutomatororSelendroidonthebasisoftheAndroidversion.

Here,bootstrap.jarplaystheroleofaTCPserver,whichwecanusetosendthetestcommandinordertoperformtheactionontheAndroiddeviceusingUIAutomator/Selendroid.

TheSeleniumJSONwireprotocolTheJSONwireprotocol(JSONWP)isatransportmechanismcreatedbyWebDriverdevelopers.Thiswireprotocolisaspecificsetofpredefined,standardizedendpointsexposedviaaRESTfulAPI.ThepurposeofWebDriverandJSONWPistheautomatedtestingofwebsitesviaabrowsersuchasFirefoxdriver,IEdriver,andChromedriver.

AppiumimplementstheMobileJSONWP,theextensiontotheSeleniumJSONWP,anditcontrolsthedifferentmobiledevicebehaviors,suchasinstalling/uninstallingappsoverthesession.

Let’shavealookatsomeoftheendpointsfromtheAPIwhichareusedtointeractwithmobileapplications:

/session/:sessionId

/session/:sessionId/element

/session/:sessionId/elements

/session/:sessionId/element/:id/click

/session/:sessionId/source

/session/:sessionId/url

/session/:sessionId/timeouts/implicit_wait

NoteThecompletelistofendpointsisavailableathttps://code.google.com/p/selenium/wiki/JsonWireProtocolandhttps://code.google.com/p/selenium/source/browse/spec-draft.md?repo=mobile.

AppiumprovidesclientlibrariessimilartoWebDriverthatactasaninterfacetotheRESTAPI.Theselibrarieshavefunctionssimilartothefollowingmethod:

AppiumDriver.getPageSource();

ThismethodwillissueanHTTPrequesttotheJSONWP,anditgetstheresponsefromtheapplicableAPIendpoint.Inthiscase,theAPIendpointthathandlesthegetPageSourcemethodisasfollows:

/session/:sessionId/source

ThedriverwillexecutethetestscriptthatcomesintheJSONformatfromtheAppiumDriverservertogetthesource.Itwillreturnthepagesourceinthestringformat.Incaseofnon-HTML(nativemobileapps)platforms,theAppiumlibrarywillrespondwithanXMLdocumentrepresentationoftheUIhierarchy.Thespecificstructureofthedocumentmayvaryfromplatformtoplatform.

AppiumsessionAsessionisamediumtosendcommandstothespecifictestapplication;acommandisalwaysperformedinthecontextofasession.Aswesawintheprevioussection,aclientusesthesessionidentifierasthesessionIdparameterbeforeperforminganycommand.Theclientlibraryrequeststheservertocreateasession.TheserverwillthenrespondwithasessionIdendpoint,whichisusedtosendmorecommandstointeractwiththeapplication(s)beingtested.

DesiredcapabilitiesDesiredcapabilitiesisaJSONobject(asetofkeysandvalues)sentbytheclienttotheserver.Itdescribesthecapabilitiesfortheautomationsessioninwhichweareinterested.

Let’sdiscussthecapabilitiesonebyone;first,wewillseetheAppiumserver’scapabilities:

Weneedtoimport“importorg.openqa.Selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities”libraryforJavatoworkwiththedesiredcapabilities.

Capability Explanation

automationName

Thiscapabilityisusedtodefinetheautomationengine.IfyouwanttoworkwithanAndroidSDKversionlessthan17,thenyouneedtodefinethevalueasSelendroid;otherwise,thecapabilitytakesthedefaultvalueasAppium.Let’sseehowwecanimplementitpractically:

DesiredCapabilitiescaps=newDesiredCapabilities();//creatinganobject

caps.setCapability("automationName","Selendroid");

//tosetcapabilityvalue

WecanalsosetthecapabilitiesusingAppium’sclientlibrary.Forthis,usersneedtoimport“importio.appium.java_client.remote.MobileCapabilityType”library:

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.AUTOMATION_NAME,"Selendroid");

There’snoneedtousethiscapabilityinthecaseofiOS.

platformName

ItisusedtosetthemobileOSplatform.ItusesthevalueasiOS,Android,orFirefoxOS:

caps.setCapability("platformName","Android");

IncaseoftheAppiumclientlibrary,youcanusethis:

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_NAME,"Android");

platformVersion

TosetthemobileOSversion,forexample,7.1,4.4.4,usethefollowingcommand:

caps.setCapability("platformVersion","4.4.4");

Alternatively,youcanusethefollowingcommandaswell:

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_VERSION,"4.4.4");

deviceName

Wecandefinethetypeofmobiledeviceoremulatortouse,usingthefollowingcommand,forexample,iPhoneSimulator,iPadSimulator,iPhoneRetina4-inch,AndroidEmulator,Motox,Nexus5,andsoon:

caps.setCapability("deviceName","Nexus5");

Youcanusethefollowingcommandaswell:

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME,"Nexus5");

app

WecanaddtheabsolutelocalpathorremoteHTTPURLofthe.ipa,.apk,or.zipfile.Appiumwillinstalltheappbinaryontheappropriatedevicefirst.NotethatinthecaseofAndroid,ifyouspecifytheappPackageandappActivity(boththecapabilitieswillbediscussedlaterinthissection)capabilities,thenthiscapabilityshownhereisnotrequired:

caps.setCapability("app","/apps/demo/demo.apkorhttp://app.com/app.ipa");

Alternatively,youcanusethefollowingcommand:

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP,"/apps/demo/demo.apkor

http://app.com/app.ipa");

browserName

Ifyouwanttoautomatemobilewebapplications,thenyouhavetousethiscapabilitytodefinethebrowser.

ForSafarioniOS,youcanusethis:

caps.setCapability("browserName","Safari");

Also,youcanusethefollowingcommand:

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.BROWSER_NAME,"Safari");

ForChromeonAndroid,youcanusethis:

caps.setCapability("browserName","Chrome");

Alternatively,youcanusethefollowingcommand:

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.BROWSER_NAME,"Chrome");

newCommandTimeout

Toendthesession,Appiumwillwaitforafewsecondsforanewcommandfromtheclientbeforeassumingthattheclientquit.Thedefaultvalueis60.Tosetthistime,youcanusethefollowingcommand:

caps.setCapability("newCommandTimeout","30");

Youcanalsousethiscommandtoendthesession:

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.NEW_COMMAND_TIMEOUT,"30");

autoLaunch

Thiscapabilityisusedtoinstallandlaunchtheappautomatically.Thedefaultvalueissettotrue.Youcansetthecapabilitywiththefollowingcommand:

caps.setCapability("autoLaunch","false");

language

Thisisusedtosetthelanguageonthesimulator/emulator,forexample,fr,es,andsoon.Thefollowingcommandwillworkonlyonthesimulator/emulator:

caps.setCapability("language","fr");

localeThisisusedtosetthelocaleforthesimulator/emulator,forexample,fr_CA,tr_TR,andsoon:

caps.setCapability("locale","fr_CA");

udid

Auniquedeviceidentifier(udid)isbasicallyusedtoidentifyiOSphysicaldevice.Itisa40characterlongvalue(forexample,1be204387fc072g1be204387fc072g4387fc072g).ThiscapabilityisusedwhenyouareautomatingappsoniOSphysicaldevice.WecaneasilygetthedeviceudidfromiTunes,byclickingonSerialNumber:

caps.setCapability("udid","1be204387fc072g1be204387fc072g4387fc072g");

orientation

Thisisusedtostartinacertainorientationinsimulator/emulatoronly,forexample,LANDSCAPEorPORTRAIT:

caps.setCapability("orientation","PORTRAIT");

autoWebview

IfyouareautomatinghybridappsandwanttomovedirectlyintotheWebviewcontext,thenyoucansetitbyusingthiscapability;thedefaultvalueisfalse:

caps.setCapability("autoWebview","true");

noResetThiscapabilityisusedtoresettheapp’sstatebeforethesessionstarts;thedefaultvalueisfalse:

caps.setCapability("noReset"-,"true");

fullReset

IniOS,thiswilldeletetheentiresimulatorfolder.InAndroid,youcanresettheapp’sstatebyuninstallingtheappinsteadofclearingtheappdata;also,itwillremovetheappafterthesessioniscomplete.Thedefaultvalueisfalse.ThefollowingisthecommandforfullReset:

caps.setCapability("fullReset","true");

AndroidcapabilitiesNow,let’sdiscusstheAndroidcapabilities,asshowninthefollowingtable:

Capability Explanation

appPackage

ThiscapabilityisfortheJavapackageoftheAndroidappthatyouwanttorun,forexample,com.android.calculator2,com.android.settings,andsoon:

caps.setCapability("appPackage","com.android.calculator2");

Alternatively,youcanusethiscommand:

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP_PACKAGE,"com.android.calculator2");

appActivity

Byusingthiscapability,youcanspecifytheAndroidactivitythatyouwanttolaunchfromyourpackage,forexample,MainActivity,.Settings,com.android.calculator2.Calculator,andsoon:

caps.setCapability("appActivity","com.android.calculator2.Calculator");

Youcanalsousethefollowingcommand:

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP_ACTIVITY,"com.android.calculator2.Calculator");

appWaitActivity

Androidactivityforwhichtheuserwantstowaitcanbedefinedusingthiscapability:

caps.setCapability("appWaitActivity","com.android.calculator2.Calculator");

Alternatively,youcanalsousethiscommand:

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP_WAIT_ACTIVITY,"com.android.calculator2.Calculator");

appWaitPackage

TheJavapackageoftheAndroidappyouwanttowaitforcanbedefinedusingthefollowingcapability,forexample,com.example.android.myApp,com.android.settings,andsoon:

caps.setCapability("appWaitPackage","com.example.android.myApp");

deviceReadyTimeout

Youcansetthetimeout(inseconds)whilewaitingforthedevicetobeready,asfollows;thedefaultvalueisseconds:

caps.setCapability("deviceReadyTimeout","10");

Alternatively,youcanalsousethiscommand:

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_READY_TIMEOUT,"10");

enablePerformanceLogging

YoucanenabletheChromedriver’sperformanceloggingbytheuseofthiscapability.ItwillenableloggingonlyforChromeandwebview;thedefaultvalueisfalse:

caps.setCapability("enablePerformanceLogging","true");

androidDeviceReadyTimeoutTosetthetimeoutinsecondsforadevicetobecomereadyafterbooting,youcanusethefollowingcapability:

caps.setCapability("androidDeviceReadyTimeout","20");

androidDeviceSocket

ThiscapabilityisusedtosetDevToolssocketname.ItisonlyneededwhenanappisaChromium-embeddingbrowser.ThesocketisopenedbythebrowserandtheChromeDriverconnectstoitasaDevToolsclient,forexample,chrome_DevTools_remote:

caps.setCapability("androidDeviceSocket","chrome_DevTools_remote");

AvdUsingthiscapability,youcanspecifythenameofavdthatyouwanttolaunch,forexample,

caps.setCapability("avd","AVD_NEXUS_5");

avdLaunchTimeout

Thiscapabilitywillhelpyoudefinehowlongyouneedtowait(inmilliseconds)foranavdtotheAndroidDebugBridge(ADB)(thedefaultvalueis120000):

caps.setCapability("avdLaunchTimeout","230000");

avdReadyTimeout

Youcanspecifythewaittime(inmilliseconds)foranavdtofinishitsbootanimationsusingthefollowingcapability;thedefaultwaittimeoutis120000:

caps.setCapability("avdReadyTimeout","240000");

avdArgs

Topasstheadditionalemulatorargumentswhenlaunchinganavd,usethefollowingcapability,forexample,netfast:

caps.setCapability("avdArgs","netfast");

chromedriverExecutable

YoucangivetheabsolutelocalpathtotheWebDriverexecutable(iftheChromiumembedderprovidesitsownWebDriver,itshouldbeusedinsteadoftheoriginalChromeDriverbundledwithAppium)usingthefollowingcapability:

caps.setCapability("chromedriverExecutable","/abs/path/to/webdriver");

autoWebviewTimeout

Thefollowingcapabilityallowsyoutosetthetime(inmilliseconds)forwhichyouneedtowaitfortheWebviewcontexttobecomeactive;thedefaultvalueis2000:

caps.setCapability("autoWebviewTimeout","3000");

intentAction

Intentactionisbasicallyusedtostartanactivity,asshowninthefollowingcode.Thedefaultvalueisandroid.intent.action.MAIN.Forexample,android.intent.action.MAIN,android.intent.action.VIEWsoon:

caps.setCapability("intentAction","android.intent.action.VIEW");

intentCategory

Thisprovidestheintentcategorythatwillbeusedtostarttheactivity(thedefaultisandroid.intent.category.LAUNCHER),forexample,android.intent.category.LAUNCHERandroid.intent.category.APP_CONTACTS:

caps.setCapability("intentCategory","android.intent.category.APP_CONTACTS");

intentFlagsFlagsareusedtostartanactivity(thedefaultis0x10200000),forexample,0x10200000:

caps.setCapability("intentFlags","0x10200000");

unicodeKeyboardYoucanenableUnicodeinputbyusingthefollowingcode;thedefaultvalueisfalse:

caps.setCapability("unicodeKeyboard","true");

resetKeyboardYoucanresetthekeyboardtoitsoriginalstatebyusingthiscapability.Thedefaultvalueis

caps.setCapability("resetKeyboard","true");

iOScapabilitiesLet’sdiscusstheiOScapabilities,asshowninthefollowingtable:

Capability Explanation

calendarFormat

ThisisusedtosetthecalendarformatfortheiOSsimulator.Itappliesonlytoasimulator,forexample,Gregorian:

caps.setCapability("calendarFormat","Gregorian");

bundleId

BundleIdisbasicallyusedtostartanapponarealdeviceortouseotherappsthatrequirethebundleIdduringtheteststartup,forexample,io.appium.TestApp:

caps.setCapability("bundleId","io.appium.TestApp");

launchTimeout

Thisisusedtospecifytheamountoftime(inmillisecond)youneedtowaitforInstrumentsbeforeassumingthatithungandthesessionfailed.Thiscanbedoneusingthefollowingcommand:

caps.setCapability("launchTimeout","30000");

locationServicesEnabled

Thiscapabilityisusedtoenablelocationservices.Youcanapplyitonlyonasimulator;youcangivetheBooleanvalue,asfollows:

caps.setCapability("locationServicesEnabled","false");

locationServicesAuthorized

Ifyouwanttousethiscapability,youmustprovidethebundleIdbyusingthebundleIdcapability.Youcanusethiscapabilityonasimulator.Aftersettingthis,thelocationservicesalertdoesn’tpopup.Thedefaultisthecurrentsimulatorsettinganditsvalueisfalse:

caps.setCapability("locationServicesAuthorized","true");

autoAcceptAlerts

Usingthiscapability,youcanacceptprivacypermissionalertsautomatically,suchaslocation,contacts,photos,andsoon,iftheyarise;thedefaultvalueisfalse:

caps.setCapability("autoAcceptAlerts","true");

nativeInstrumentsLibYoucanusethenativeinstrumentslibrarybysettingupthiscapability:

caps.setCapability("nativeInstrumentsLib","true");

nativeWebTap

ThiscanbeusedtoenablerealwebtapsinSafari,whicharenon-JavaScriptbased.Thedefaultvalueisfalse.Letmewarnyouthatthismightnotperfectlydealwithanelement;itdependsontheviewport’ssize/ratio:

caps.setCapability("nativeWebTap","false");

safariAllowPopups

Youcanusethiscapabilityonasimulatoronly.ItallowsJavaScripttoopennewwindowsinSafari.Thedefaultisthecurrentsimulatorsetting.Todothis,youcanusethefollowingcommand:

caps.setCapability("safariAllowPopups","false");

safariIgnoreFraudWarning

Thiscapabilitycanbeusedonlyonasimulator.ItprohibitsSafarifromdisplayingafraudulentwebsitewarning.Thedefaultvalueisthecurrentsimulatorsetting,asfollows:

caps.setCapability("safariIgnoreFraudWarning","false");

safariOpenLinksInBackground

ThiscapabilityenablesSafaritoopenlinksinnewwindows;thedefaultkeepsthecurrentsimulatorsettings:

caps.setCapability("safariOpenLinksInBackground","true");

keepKeyChains

Whetheryouneedtokeepkeychains(Library/Keychains)whenanAppiumsessionisstarted/finishedcanbedefinedusingthiscapability.Youcanapplyitonasimulator,asfollows:

caps.setCapability("keepKeyChains","true");

processArguments

ThiscapabilityallowsyoutopassargumentswhileAUTusinginstruments,forexample,myflag:

caps.setCapability("processArguments","myflag");

interKeyDelay

Youcandelaythekeystrokessenttoanelementwhentypingusesthiscapability.Ittakesthevalueinmilliseconds:

caps.setCapability("interKeyDelay","100");

WehaveseenallthedesiredcapabilitiesthatareusedinAppium.Now,wewilltalkinbriefabouttheAppiumserveranditsclientlibrary.

TheAppiumserveranditsclientlibrariesTheAppiumserverisusedtointeractwithdifferentplatformssuchasiOSandAndroid.Itcreatesasessiontointeractwithmobileapps,whicharenotsupportedonanyplatform.ItisanHTTPserverwritteninNode.jsandusesthesameconceptastheSeleniumServer,whichidentifiestheHTTPrequestsfromtheclientlibrariesandsendstheserequeststotheappropriateplatform.TostarttheAppiumserver,usersneedtodownloadthesourceorinstallitdirectlyfromnpm.AppiumalsoprovidestheGUIversionoftheserver.YoucandownloaditfromtheofficialAppiumsite,http://appium.io.Inthenextchapter,wewilldiscusstheGUIversioninmoredetail.

OneofthebiggestadvantagesofAppiumisbecauseitissimplyaRESTAPIatitscore,thecodeyouusetointeractwithitiswritteninanumberoflanguagessuchasJava,C#,Ruby,Python,andothers.AppiumextendstheWebDriverclientlibrariesandaddstheextracommandsinittoworkwithmobiledevices.ItprovidesclientlibrariesthatsupportAppiumextensionstotheWebDriverprotocol.Becauseoftheseextensionstotheprotocol,itisimportanttouseAppium-specificclientlibrariestowriteautomationtestsorprocedures,insteadofgenericWebDriverclientlibraries.

Appiumaddedsomeinterestingfunctionalityforworkingcloselywithmobiledevices,suchasmultitouchgesturesandscreenorientation.Wewillseethepracticalimplementationofthesefunctionalitieslater.

SummaryWeshouldnowhaveanunderstandingoftheAppiumarchitecture,JSONwireprotocol,desiredcapabilities,anditsuses.WealsolearnedabouttheAppiumserveranditslanguage-specificclientlibraryinthischapter.

Specifically,wedoveintoJSONWPandAppiumsession,whichareusedtosendfurthercommandsinordertointeractwiththeapplication.Wealsosetupautomationsessionsusingthedesiredcapabilities.Inthelastsection,wegraspedsomeinformationabouttheAppiumserveranditslanguage-specificclientlibraries.

Inthenextchapter,wewilltakealookatwhatwerequiretogetstartedwithAppium.

Chapter2.GettingStartedwithAppiumToday,alotisgoingoninthefieldofmobiledevelopment,andweneedtotestthesedevelopmentstomeettheexpectationsoftheendusers.Itisthisprogressthathascontributedtothegrowthofmobileautomation.DanCuellarcameupwithabrilliantideathatinvolvedintegratingthetoolwithSelenium,postwhichhecreatedAppium.Appiumisagoodtoolandiswidelyusedtoautomatemobileapps.Thebestpartisthatitisopensource.

Inthischapter,wewilllearnthefollowing:

TheadvantagesofAppiumSystemrequirementsforAndroid/iOSInstallingdifferentsoftwareCreatingemulatorsandsimulatorsSettingupanEclipseJavaproject

Appium–prosandconsAppiumisanopensourcetoolforautomatingmobileapps,suchasnative,web-based,andhybridapplicationsdesignedfortheAndroid,iOS,andFirefoxOSplatforms.

BeforedivingintoAppium’sadvantages,let’sdiscussitsshortcomings,asfollows:

NodirectsupportforAndroidAlertHandling:AlerthandlingisnotimplementedyetfornativeappsviaAlertAPIbut,wehaveanalternativetohandleitwhichwewillseeinChapter7,AdvancedUserInteractions.Hopefully,alerthandlingwillbeimplementedsoon.LimitedsupportforAndroidversions:AppiumdirectlysupportsAndroidVersion17orlater,butifwewanttoworkwithversionsolderthanversion17,thenwecanusetheintegratedtoolSelendroid.Lackofimagerecognition:Wecan’tlocateimages;toworkwithimages,wehavetoworkwithscreencoordinates,whichisnotthebestwaybutagainit’sintheirroadmaptoapplythelocatorstrategytofindimages.Mobilegesturessupport:Someofthegesturesupportsarenotimplementedyet,suchasdouble-clickingintheJavaclientlibrary,buttheyareimplementedinotherclientlibraries.HopefullythegesturesupportwillbeimplementedsoonintheJavaclientlibraryaswell.

Now,let’sdiscussAppium’sadvantagesonthebasisofitsphilosophy.

TheAppiumphilosophyhasadifferentappealfromothercompetitors.Theofficialphilosophy(http://appium.io/slate/en/master/?java#appium-philosophy)isasfollows:

Youshouldn’trecompileyourappormodifyitinanywayinordertoautomateitYoushouldn’tbelockedintoaspecificlanguageorframeworktowriteandrunyourtestsAmobileautomationframeworkshouldn’treinventthewheelwhenitcomestoautomationAPIsAmobileautomationframeworkshouldbeopensourceinspiritandpracticeaswellasinname

Appiumusesvendor-providedframeworksunderthehood,whichmeetsthefirstrequirement,sowedon’tneedthird-partycodetocompiletheapp.Wecantestthesamebuildoftheappthatwearegoingtosubmitinthemarketplace.Foroursecondrequirement,AppiumextendstheWebDriverclientlibraries,whicharealreadywritteninmostpopularprogramminglanguages.So,wearefreetouseanyprogramminglanguageinordertowritetheautomationtestscripts.

AppiumextendstheexistingWebDriverJSONWPwithadditionalAPImethodsthatareconvenientformobileautomation.So,AppiumhasthesamestandardasWebDriverandnoreinventionforthemobileautomationframework,whichmeetsthethirdrequirement.Lastbutnotleast,itisopensource.

Itprovidescross-platformsolutionsfornativeandhybridmobileapps,whichmeansthat

thesametestcaseswillworkonmultipleplatforms.IfyouarefamiliarwithSeleniumWebDriver,youwillfeelathomewithAppium,otherwiseyouwillfirstneedtolearnWebDriverforabetterunderstanding.AppiumusesthesamescriptingasWebDriver.AppiumallowsyoutotalktootherAndroidappsthatareintegratedwithAppUnderTest(AUT).Forexample,youcanhitanotherappfromtheAUTsuchasacameraapp.Italsosupportscloud-basedtesting;youcanrunyourtestscriptsinthecloudusingservicessuchasSauceLabsandTestdroid.Theyprovideservicestoruntestsonrealdevicesorsimulators.

Theseadvantagesmakeitsuperioroverothermobileautomationtools.ThefollowingtableshowsAppium’sadvantagesoverothertoolsbasedonitsphilosophy:

Tools R1 R2 R3 R4

Calabash No No No Yes

iOSdriver Yes Yes Yes No

Robotium No No Yes No

Selendroid No Yes Yes No

Appium Yes Yes Yes Yes

NoteR1,R2,R3,andR4aretheAppiumphilosophy,whichwediscussedearlierinthissection.

SystemrequirementsforAndroid/iOSWehavereadaboutAppium;now,it’stimetoknowaboutthesystemrequirementsforAndroid/iOS.

AndroidrequirementsonWindowsandMacThefollowingarethesystemrequirementsforAppiumonAndroid:

Java(version7orlater)AndroidSDKAPI(version17orlater)AndroidVirtualDevice(AVD)orrealdevice

iOSrequirementsThesearethesystemrequirementsforiOSdevicestostartwithAppium:

MacOSX10.7orlaterXcode(greaterthanorequalto4.6.3;5.1isrecommended)withthecommand-linebuildtoolJavaversion7orlaterHomebrewNodeandnpm

Inthefollowingsection,wewilllookathowtoinstalldifferentsoftware.

InstallingdifferentsoftwareTogetstartedwithAppium,weneedtoinstallsomesoftwareonourmachines.Let’sstarttheinstallationprocessondifferentmachines.

AppiuminstallationforAndroidTheprerequisitesfortheinstallationofAppiumonAndroidareasfollows:

JDK(Javadevelopmentkit)AndroidSDK(Softwaredevelopmentkit)AppiumfordifferentOSes

InstallingJDKonWindowsInordertoinstalltheJDK,youcanvisithttp://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html.

AfterinstallingtheJDK,youneedtosettheenvironmentvariables.Todothis,performthefollowingsteps:

1. OpenSystemPropertiesbypressingtheWindowslogo+Pausekeyorright-clickonMyComputerandthenclickonProperties.

2. ClickonAdvancedsystemsettings.3. ClickonEnvironmentVariables.4. UnderUservariables,clickonNew.Then,youwillgetthefollowingscreenshot:

5. EntertheVariablenameasJAVA_HOME.6. EntertheVariablevalueastheinstallationpathfortheJDK,forexample,

C:\ProgramFiles\Java\jdk1.8.0_20\jre.7. IntheSystemvariablessection,double-clickonPath;then,inVariablevalue,add

thenewpath%JAVA_HOME%\bin.Justensurethatthereisasemicolonseparatingthisentryfromthepreexistingvalue,asshowninthefollowingscreenshot:

8. Finally,clickontheOKbuttontoapplythechanges.

Now,openthecommandpromptandenterthecommandjava-versiontochecktheJavapathsetting.ThiswillreturntheJavaversionavailableonthesystem.

InstallingtheAndroidSDKWeneedtoinstalltheAndroidSDKtodrivethetestscriptsondevices.YoucandownloadtheAndroidSDKfromhttp://developer.android.com/sdk/index.htmlforyouroperatingsystem.

WewillsetthesystemvariablesforWindowsusingthefollowingsteps:

1. Followsteps1to4fromtheprecedingsection,inwhichwesetthepathforJava.2. TypeVariablenameasANDROID_HOMEandentertheVariablevalueofwhereyou

haveyourAndroidSDKinstalled.Forexample,C:\android-sdk.3. Now,weneedtoaddthepaths%ANDROID_HOME%\platform-toolsand

%ANDROID_HOME%\toolstothePathvariableunderSystemVariables.4. ClickontheOKbuttontoapplythechanges.

ToverifytheAndroidpath,typeandroidonthecommandpromptandpressEnter.Thefollowingwindowwillappear:

Installthepackages,asshownintheprecedingscreenshot.IfyouaretestingAPI19,thenyoujustneedtoinstallSDKtools(22.6),Platform-tools(19.0.1),Build-tools(19.0.3),andAndroid4.4.2.

SettingthesystemvariablesforMacIfyouaresettingthesystemvariablesforthefirsttime,thenyouneedtocreatethe.bash_profilefilewiththehelpoffollowingsteps:

1. Opentheterminal.2. Typetouch~/.bash_profileandpressenter/return.3. Typeopen~/.bash_profile.Thesystemwillopenthebash_profilefile.

Now,wehaveabash_profilefile.InordertosettheJavaandAndroidSDKpaths,weneedtoconfiguretheJAVA_HOMEandANDROID_HOMEvariablesinbash_profile.Addthefollowingpathsintothefile:

exportJAVA_HOME=path/to/the/java/home

exportANDROID_HOME=path/to/the/android/sdk

exportPATH=$PATH:$ANDROID_HOME/tools:$ANDROID_HOME/platform-tools

Onceyouhavecompletedallthesteps,typejava–versionintheterminaltochecktheJavapathsetting.ThiswillreturntheJavaversionavailableonthesystem;typeandroidontheterminalandinstallthedesiredAndroidpackages.

AppiumforiOSThefollowingaretheprerequisitesforinstallingAppiumoniOS:

XcodeHomebrewNodeandnpm

InstallingXcodeWeneedtoperformthefollowingstepstoinstallXcode:

1. Visithttps://itunes.apple.com/us/app/xcode/id497799835toinstallXcode.Then,clickonViewinMacAppStore.

2. ThesystemwilllaunchtheAppStoreautomaticallyonyourMacandopentheXcodepage.

3. Now,clickontheFreebuttonandthenclickonInstallApp.

TolaunchXcode,youcangototheApplicationsfolderandthendouble-clickonXcode.Nowyouaredonewiththeinstallation.

InstallingHomebrewHomebrewisasoftwarepackagemanagementsystemforMac,whichisusedtoinstallthestuffyouneedthatAppledidn’tprovide.WithHomebrew,youcaninstallmanyopensourcetools.PerformthefollowingstepstoinstallHomebrew:

1. Opentheterminalandenterthefollowingcommand:

ruby-e"$(curl-fsSL

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)".

2. Followtheinstructionspromptedbytheterminal.3. AfterinstallingtheHomebrew,runthecommandbrewdoctor.Youwillgetthe

messageYoursystemisreadytobrew;ifyoudon’t,thentrytofixthewarningsanderrorsusingthebrewdoctor.

NodeandnpmnpmisaNode.jspackagemanager;itisanonlinerepositoryofopensourceNode.jsprojects.Itiscommand-lineutilitytopackageinstallation.

TheAppiumserveriswritteninNode.js;that’swhyweneedittodownloadAppium.ThereareotherwaystodownloadtheAppiumserveraswell,whichwillbediscussedlater.

Let’sinstallNodeusingbrewcommands.YouneedtorunthefollowingcommandtoinstallNode:

brewinstallnode

AppiumfordifferentOSesTherearedifferentmethodstoinstalltheAppiumserveronWindows/iOS.Let’sdiscussthemonebyone.

AppiumforWindowsYoucandownloadAppiumforWindowsdirectlyfromAppium’sofficialwebsite(http://appium.io/),oryoucancloneAppiumfromhttps://github.com/appium/appium.git.

JusttoensurethatwearereadytostartwiththeAppiumserver,enterthefollowingcommandontheCommandPrompt:

nodeAppium-doctor

Youdon’tneedtodownloadNode;youcangetitfromtheAppiumbundle.ToruntheNodecommands,youneedtosetthepathforNode(forexample,C:\AppiumForWindows).Beforerunningthecommand,setthedirectoryasC:\AppiumForWindows\node_modules\appium\bin.

AppiumforMacAppiumforMaccanbedownloadedfromtheAppiumwebsite,alternativelyyoucandownloaditusingnpmcommands.

RunthefollowingcommandtoinstallAppium:

npminstall–gappium

Afterinstallation,runtheappium-doctorcommandtoensurethatwearereadytouseAppium.

NoteMakesureyouhavenotinstalledAppiumwithsudo,otherwiseyouwillfaceauthorizationproblemswhilerunningAppium.

DownloadingthenecessaryJARfilesWeneedtodownloadsomeexecutablebinariestoworkwithAppium.Theyarelistedasfollows:

SeleniumServerandWebDriverJavaclient(https://selenium-release.storage.googleapis.com/index.html)AppiumJavaclient(http://search.maven.org/#search|ga|1|appium%20java%20client)Gson(http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.google.code.gson)

TipThedownloadlinkscanbechanged;Isuggestyouvisittheofficialwebsitesinthecaseofanaddresschange.

CreatingemulatorsandsimulatorsWe’llnowlookathowwecancreateemulatorsandsimulators,startingwithaniOSsimulatorandthenmoveontoanAndroidsimulator.

AniOSsimulatorWedon’tneedtocreateasimulatorforMac;italreadycomeswithXcodeunderdevelopertools.WhenyoustarttheAppiumserverforthefirsttime,itwillpromptyoutoauthorizetheuseofInstruments,orifyouarerunningitfromnpm,runsudoauthorize_iostoworkwiththesimulator.

AnAndroidemulatorTherearetwowaystocreateanAVDfortestingandroidapps:

CreatetheAVDfromthecommandlineCreatetheAVDusingtheAVDManager

Let’screateAVDusingthecommandline,asfollows:

1. OpentheCommandPromptandtypeandroidlisttargets;thiswillgeneratealistofavailabletargets.

2. Runandroidcreateavd–n<nameoftheAVD>-t<targetIDwhichyoucangetfromthefirststep>--abi<againyoucangetitfromfirststep>.

NoteYoucanalsocustomizetheAVDwithoptions;visithttp://developer.android.com/tools/devices/managing-avds-cmdline.htmlformoredetails.

Theprecedinglinkcanchange;ifithaschanged,thenyoucansearchonGooglewiththekeywords“avdscommandline”.

Second,wecancreatetheAVDfromtheAVDManager(youcanfindthisundertheAndroidSDKfolder).WeneedtoperformthefollowingstepstocreatetheAVD:

1. Double-clickonAVDManagerandclickontheNewbutton.Thefollowingscreenwillbedisplayed:

2. Enterthenameofthedeviceandthenecessarydetails.3. ClickontheOKbutton.

Afteryoucompletethesesteps,theemulatorwillbedisplayedundertheAndroidVirtualDevicestab.

SettingupanEclipseJavaprojectWeneedanintegrateddevelopmentenvironment(IDE)towritetestscripts;inthemarket,therearealotofopensourceIDE’ssuchasEclipse,NetBeans,IntelliJIDEA,andothers.HerewearegoingtouseanEclipseIDE.IfyouhavedownloadedtheAndroidADTbundle,thenyouwillgetEclipsealongwithit.Otherwise,youcandownloaditfromhttp://www.eclipse.org/downloads/packages/eclipse-ide-java-ee-developers/lunasr1a.

OnceyouhavedownloadedtheIDE,launchitbydouble-clickingontheeclipse.exeicon.

Afterthis,youneedtoperformthefollowingstepstosetuptheJavaproject:

1. Afterclickingontheicon,itwillaskyouforaWorkspacelocation.EnterthelocationandclickontheOKbutton,asshownhere:

2. ClickontheWorkbenchicononthewelcomescreen,whichisatthetop-rightcornerofthescreen.

3. Createanewprojectbyclickingontheshortcuticon;youcanalsodothisbynavigatingtoFile|New|Project.Adialogboxwillappear.

4. SelectJavaProjectundertheJavafolderandclickontheNextButton,asshowninthefollowingscreenshot:

5. EntertheProjectname,forexample,AppiumTest,andclickonUseaprojectspecificJREorUsedefaultJRE.ThenclickontheFinishbutton,asshownhere:

6. Eclipsewillpromptyoutoopentheprojectinperspectiveview;youneedtoclickontheNobutton:

7. YouhavesuccessfullycreatedtheJavaproject.Now,createapackagebyright-clickingonsrc;then,gotoNew|Packageandenterthepackagename,forexample,com.example.appium.Now,clickontheFinishbutton,asshowninthefollowingscreenshot:

8. Thefollowingwindowwillopen:

9. Now,createtheclassbyright-clickingoncom.example.appium;gotoNew|Class

andtypethenameoftheclass,forexample,FirstScript.Next,clickontheFinishbutton,asshownhere:

10. Beforewritingthetestscripts,weneedtoaddsomeexternalJARfiles,whichareshowninthefollowingscreenshot.InordertoaddJARfiles,right-clickonAppiumTestandnavigatetoBuildPath|ConfigureBuildPath.Eclipsewillopenadialogbox;selecttheLibrariestabandthenclickonAddExternalJARs…,asshowninthefollowingscreenshot:

11. YouneedtoaddtheJARfilesshownintheprecedingscreenshot.AfteraddingtheJARfiles,clickontheOKbutton.

WehavecreatedaJavaprojectandsuccessfullyconfiguredallthenecessaryJARfiles.AswearegoingtouseTestNGastheunittestingframework,weneedtoinstallTestNGasanEclipseplugin.

InordertoinstallTestNG,weneedtoperformthefollowingsteps:

1. ClickontheHelptabandthenclickonInstallNewSoftware;youwillgetthefollowinginstallationwindow:

2. TypetheaddressinWorkwithashttp://beust.com/eclipse.TestNGwillappearintheframe;justselectTestNGandclickontheNextbutton.Now,youneedtofollowtheinstructionstoinstalltheTestNGplugin.

3. TheTestNGpluginwillbedisplayedinPreferencesunderWindowonceyouhavecompletedtheinstallation,asshownhere:

NowwearereadytowriteourfirstAppiumtestscript.

SummaryWelearnedalotinthischapter,startingwiththeprosandconsofAppiumandmovingontothesystemrequirementsforAndroidandiOS.WethenlookedattheinstallationofJDK,AndroidSDK,WebDriverclient,Seleniumserverbinaries,Homebrew,Nodeandnpm,aswellasAppiumanditsclientlibrary.Wealsolearnedaboutthesystem’senvironmentvariables.Lastly,wecreatedanemulatortotesttheappsandsetupanEclipseJavaproject.

Inthenextchapter,wearegoingtolearnhowtousetheAppiumGUI.

Chapter3.TheAppiumGUIThischapterfocusesontheGUIfortheAppiumserver.Bytheendofthischapter,weshouldgetanunderstandingofallthetermsthatareavailableintheapplication.

Inthischapter,wewilllearnaboutthefollowingtopics:

TheAppiumGUIforWindowsTheAppiumGUIforMac

TheAppiumserverInthepreviouschapter,wedownloadedtheAppiumserver.Wehavetwowaystostarttheserver:eitherusingtheAppiumGUIorusingCommandPrompt/Terminal.Nowlet’sdiscusstheAppiumGUI.

TheAppiumGUIforWindowsAppiumdevelopershavecreatedthewell-designedserverGUI,usingwhichwecaneasilystarttheserveralongwiththedesiredsettings.ThisGUIgivesusalotofoptionstosetuptheenvironmentinordertostartwithautomationtesting.

TheAppiumGUIhasthefollowingicons/buttons:

AndroidSettingsGeneralSettingsDeveloperSettingsAboutInspectorLaunch/StopClear

Thesebuttons/iconscanbeseeninthefollowingscreenshot:

AndroidSettingsUnderAndroidSettings,wehavemultipleoptionswhichweneedbeforewestartwiththeautomationofmobileapps.JustclickonthefirsticonfromtheAppiumGUI;thiswillopenthepop-upwindowalongwithalotoffields.ThesefieldsarecategorizedusingheadingssuchasApplication,LaunchDevice,Capabilities,andAdvanced,asshowninthefollowingscreenshot:

Application

TheApplicationpanecontainsvariousfields,whicharelistedinthefollowingtable:

Field Description

ApplicationPath

Inthisfield,youcangivethepathoftheAndroidAPKthatyouwanttotest.Youhavetwooptionstosettheapp’spath:eithertoclickontheChoosebuttonordirectlytypeintothebox.

Package ThisfieldisfortheAndroidapppackage.Forexample,com.android.calculator2.

WaitforPackage Thiscapabilitywillwaitfortheapplicationpackage,whichweprovideinthePackagecapability.

LaunchActivity Typetheactivitythatyouwanttolaunchinthemobiledevice,forexample,MainActivity.

WaitforActivity Thisisthesameasthewaitforpackagefunctionality;itwillwaitfortheappactivity.

Use

Browser Selectthebrowserfromthedropdown,whichyouwishtolaunch.

FullReset Thiswilluninstalltheappafterthesessioniscomplete.

NoReset Thiswillpreventthedevicefromresetting.

IntentAction Thiswillbeusedtostarttheactivity.

IntentCategory Here,wecanspecifytheappactivitythatwewanttostart.

IntentFlags Thisdenotestheintentflagsusedtostarttheactivity.

IntentArguments Here,youcanpassadditionalargumentstostarttheactivity.

LaunchDevice

TheLaunchDevicepanecontainsalotoffields,whicharelistedinthefollowingtable:

Field Description

LaunchAVD Here,youneedtotypethenameoftheAVDtobelaunched.

DeviceReadyTimeout Here,mentionthetimeout(inseconds)towaitforthedevicetobeready.

Arguments WecanpassadditionalemulatorargumentstolaunchtheAVDinthisfield.

Capabilities

TheCapabilitiespanecontainsthefieldslistedinthefollowingtable:

Field Description

PlatformName Thisdenotesthenameofthemobileplatform.

AutomationName Youcanselectthisfromthedropdown.

PlatformVersion Here,selecttheandroidversioninwhichyouwishtotestthemobileapp.

DeviceName Thisdenotesthenameofthedevicetobeused.

Language ThisisusedtosetthelanguagefortheAndroiddevice.

Locale ThisisusedtosetthelocalefortheAndroiddevice.

Advanced

TheAdvancedpanecontainsthefieldslistedinthefollowingtable,alongwiththeirdescriptions:

Field Description

SDKPath ThisdenotestheAndroidSDKpath.

CoverageClass Here,wecanpassafullyqualifiedinstrumentationclass.

BootstrapPort Here,settheportnumbertotalktoAppium.

SelendroidPort Here,wecansettheportnumberforSelendroid.

ChromedriverPort Here,wesettheportinwhichChromeDriverwillstart.

AnothertypeofsettingintheGUIisthedevelopersettings.

GeneralSettingsClickonthesecondiconintheGUItoopenthedevelopersettings.ThisalsocategorizesthefieldsintoheadingssuchasServerandLogging,asshowninthefollowingscreenshot:

Server

TheServerpanecontainsthefieldslistedinthefollowingtable,alongwiththeirdescriptions:

Field Description

ServerAddress TheIPaddressofthesystemonwhichtheAppiumserverisrunning.

Port TheportonwhichtheAppiumserverwilltalktotheWebDrivercommands.Thesystemtakesthedefaultport4723.

CheckforUpdates Ifyouclickonthis,thenAppiumwillautomaticallycheckforversionupdates.

Pre-LaunchApplication ThiscapabilitywilllaunchtheapplicationinthedevicebeforeitstartslisteningcommandsfromtheWebDriver.

OverrideExistingSession CheckingthiswilloverridetheAppiumsessions,iftheyexist.

UseRemoteServer IftheAppiumserverisrunningonanothermachine,thenyoucanusethisfunctionalitytoconnecttheAppiumInspector.

SeleniumGridConfigurationFile YoucanmentiontheSeleniumGridconfigurationfile’spath.

Logging

TheLoggingpanecontainsthefieldslistedinthefollowingtable,alongwiththeirdescriptions:

Field Description

QuietLogging Thiswillpreventaverboseloggingoutput.

ShowTimestamps Theconsoleoutputwillbedisplayedalongwithtimestamps.

LogtoFile Thelogoutputwillbestoredinthementionedfile(Forexample,C:\\appium\\abc.log).

LogtoWebHook ThelogoutputwillbesenttotheHTTPlistener.

UseLocalTimezone

Byclickingonthisoption,youcanuseyourlocaltimezone,otherwiseitwillusethenodeserver’stimezone.

DevelopersettingsIfyouclickonthehighlightedicon(shownhere)intheGUI,youwillgetthefollowingscreen:

TheDeveloperSettingspanewillcontaintheoptionslistedinthefollowingtable:

Field Description

Enabled Developersettingswillbedisplayediftheboxischecked.

UseExternalNodeJSBinary

IfyouhaveanotherNode.jsversioninsteadoftheapplicationitselfsuppliedhere,AppiumwillusethesameversionofNode.js.

UseExternalAppiumPackage YoucansupplytheAppiumpackagehere,ifyouhaveanotherone.

NodeJSDebugPort TheNode.jsdebuggingportiswherethedebuggerwillrun.

BreakonApplicationStart Whentheapplicationstarts,theNode.jsdebugserverwillbreak.

CustomServerFlags Here,youcanpasstheserverflags(Forexample,--device-nameNexus5).

AboutClickingonthisiconwilldisplaytheAppiumversionyouareusing,asshowninthefollowingscreenshot:

Now,let’stakealookattheAppiumInspector.

InspectorAppiumInspectorallowsustofindtheelementsthatwearelookingfor.ItalsocomeswitharecordandplaybackfunctionalitysimilartothatoftheSeleniumIDE,butcurrently,itdoesnotworkwellwithWindows.ToopentheInspector,wehavetoclickonthehighlightedicon,asshowninthefollowingscreenshot,butfirstapplicationshouldbeprelaunchedonthedevice:

ByusingtheInspector,wecangetthesourcecodeofaparticularapplication,butitishardtorecognizetheappelements.OnWindows,UIAutomatorismorepowerfulthanAppiumInspectorforinspectingtheelements.Inthenextchapter,wewilllearnmoreabouttheUIAutomator.

TheLaunch/Stopbutton

ThisisusedtostartandstoptheAppiumserver,whichisshowninthefollowingscreenshot:

TheClearbutton

Wecanfindthisbuttoninthebottom-rightcorneroftheserverscreen;itisusedtoclearconsolelogs.

TheAppiumGUIforMacSimilarly,MacalsohasanAppiumGUIforAndroidautomation;alotofoptionsarecommonwithWindows.Let’sdiscussallthesettingsthatarepresentintheGUI.ThefollowingisthescreenshotoftheAppiumGUIonMac

Itcontainsthefollowingicons:

AndroidSettingsiOSSettingsGeneralSettingsDeveloperSettingsRobotSettingsSaveconfigurationOpenconfigurationInspectorAppiumdoctorLaunch/StopDelete

AndroidSettingsWehavealreadyseenAndroidSettingsontheWindowsplatform;thesesettingsarethesameonMacOSaswell,buttherearesomeUIchangesintheAppiumserver,asshowninthefollowingscreenshot.TheAndroidSettingsaredividedintotwotabs,BasicandAdvanced.

iOSSettingsTosetuptheiOS,weneedtoclickontheiOSSettingsicon.Itcontainstwooptions,BasicandAdvanced.UnderBasic,wewillhavethesubheadingsApplicationandDeviceSettings,andunderAdvanced,wewillgettheadvancediOSsettings.

Application

TheoptionspresentundertheApplicationtabarelistedinthefollowingtable,alongwiththeirdescriptions:

Field Description

AppPath Inthisfield,wecanspecifythepathoftheiOSapplication(.app,.zip,or.ipa)thatwewanttotest.

Choose Thisisusedtobrowsethepathoftheapplication.

BundleID ThisdenotesthebundleIDoftheapplication.

UseMobileSafari

Inthecaseofmobilewebapps,wecanselectthisoptiontostarttheSafaribrowser.MakesureBundleIDandAppPathisunchecked.

DeviceSettings

TheoptionspresentundertheDeviceSettingstabarelistedinthefollowingtable,alongwiththeirdescriptions:

Field Description

ForceDevice YoucanselectthesimulatoriPhoneoriPadmodefromthedropdown.

PlatformVersion Thisisusedtoselectthemobileplatformversion.

ForceOrientation Thisisusedtosettheorientationofthesimulator.

ForceLanguage Thisisusedtosetthelanguageforthesimulator.

ForceCalendar Here,wecanchoosethecalendarformatforthesimulator.

ForceLocale Thisdenotesthelocaleforthesimulator.

UDID IftheUDIDboxischecked,thenAppiumwillruntheapplicationontheattachediOSdevice;youneedtomakesurethatbundleIDissuppliedandAppPathisunchecked.

FullReset Thiswilldeletetheentiresimulatorfolder.

NoReset Thisspecifiesthatthesimulatorshouldnotresettheappbetweensessions.

ShowSimulatorLog

Thiswillwritethesimulatorlogintheconsole,ifchecked.

Advanced

TheoptionspresentundertheAdvancedtabarelistedinthefollowingtable,alongwiththeirdescriptions:

Field Description

UseNativeInstrumentsLibrary

Ifthisboxischecked,AppiumwillusetheNativeInstrumentsLibraryratherthanthelibrarythatcomeswithAppium.

BackendRetries WecanspecifythenumbertoretrythelaunchingofInstrumentsbeforethereportingcrashesortimesout.

InstrumentsLaunchTimeout ThisdenotestheamountoftimetowaitfortheInstrumentstolaunch(inms).

TraceTemplatePath ThistracesthetemplatefiletousewithInstruments.

Choose Thisisusedtobrowsethetrace’stemplatepath.

XcodePath ThisdenotesthepathoftheXcodeapplication.

WehavealreadydiscussedGeneralSettings,DeveloperSettings,Launch,andDeletein

AppiumforWindows.Now,let’stakealookatRobotSettings.

RobotSettingsIfyouwantautomationusingarobot,thenyouneedtoenableRobotSettings.InRobotSettings,Appiumwillaskforthehostandportnumberswheretherobotisconnected,asshownhere:

Save/OpenconfigurationAppiumhasafeaturetosavethesettings;wedon’tneedtospecifythesettingsagainandagainwhiletestingtheapps.Itallowsyoutotagtheconfigurationfile,afterwhichyoucaneasilyfindoutthesavedfileonthebasisofthetagcolor.

Tosavetheconfigurationfile,weneedtoperformthefollowingsteps:

1. ClickontheSaveconfigurationicon;thiswillopenthepopup,asshownhere:

2. Specifythefilename:

3. ClickontheTagstextbox;itwilldisplaythelistoftags,asshowninthefollowingscreenshot.Wecanselectmorethanonetag.

4. Selectthelocationwhereyouwanttosavethefile.

Wejustsawhoweasyitistosavetheconfigurationfile.Usingthesavedfile,wecanquicklysettheconfigurationbyclickingontheOpenconfigurationicon(whichisvisibleintheleft-handsideoftheSaveconfigurationicon)andselectingthesavedfile.

AppiumdoctorItwilltellyouabouttheAppiumsetup;youcanverifythesetupusingtheAppiumdoctor.ClickontheDoctorbuttoninbetweentheInspectorandSavebuttons;thiswilldisplaytheinformationintheAppiumGUIconsole,asshownhere:

Ifyougetanyconfigurationerrorthatsomethingisnotbeingsetup,thentrytoresolveitbeforeyoustartwithAppium.

InspectorAppiumcomeswithagreatpieceoffunctionalitysuchantheInspector;itisarecordandplaybacktoollikeSeleniumIDE.Wecaneasilygeneratethetestscriptwithouthurdles.

Itshowsalltheelementsofthemobileapp,likeUIAutomatordoesinAndroid.Now,let’stakealookattheInspector.Here,wearegoingtotakeanexampleoftheBMIcalculatorappiniOS,whichisshowninthefollowingscreenshot.First,weneedtoclickontheSavebuttonbeforeclickingontheInspectorbutton,andwealsoneedtospecifytheapppath.

IntheAppiumInspectorwindow,wecanseethefollowingfields:

ShowDisabled:ThiswilldisplaytheelementsthatarenotenabledRecord:Thiswillopentherecordingpanelinthebottomofthewindow,asshowninthefollowingscreenshot,andyoucanperformactionsusingcontrolsintheAppiumInspector:

Refresh:ThiswillrefreshtheDOM3-columnaswellasthescreenshotScreenshot:Thisareawilldisplaythescreenshottakenfortheapp,andyoucanalso

clickintheareatoselectelementsintheDOMDetails:Thiswillcontaindetailsabouttheselectedelement

YouwillfindsomemoreoptionssuchastheTouchsection,Textsection,Alertssection,Locator,andMisc,whichwillfurthercategorizeintosomebuttonsthatcantakeanactionontheapplicationundertest.

Let’stakealookatthefollowingoptions:

Touch:Thiscontainsbuttonstoexecutetoucheventssuchastap,swipe,shake,andscrollText:Thiscontainsbuttonstoexecutetextevents,suchastypingandfiringtheJavaScriptLocator:ThisisausefuloptionprovidedbyAppium;byusingthis,wecancheckwhethertheelementsexistornotonthebasisoflocators.Misc:Thiscontainsthebuttonsthatcanhandlethealerts

TheRecordingpanelThispanelcontainsthetestscriptsgeneratedbytherecordedactionsthatareperformedontheapplication.Italsocontainssomeoptionsthatwecantakeontherecordedtestscripts.Let’stakealookatthepanel’soptions:

Adropdownforlanguageselection:Youcanchangetherecordedtestscripts’languagefromthedropdown(inthescreenshot,weselectedJava)AddBoilerplate:ThiswilldisplaythecodewiththeSeleniuminstancealongwiththerecordedscripts;otherwise,thiswillonlyshowthecodefromtheactionsyouhaverecordedXPathOnly:ThiswillgeneratethescriptsusingtheXPathidentifieronlyReplay:ByclickingontheReplaybutton,wecanexecutetherecordedscriptsUndo:ThiswilldeletethelastrecordedactionRedo:ThiswilladdthelastundoneactionbackClear:Thiswillcleartherecordedactions

SummaryInthischapter,welearnedabouttheAppiumGUI’sfeaturesonboththeWindowsandiOSplatforms.WealsolookedathowwecansettheAndroidandiOSsettingsusingtheAppiumGUI.

Inthenextchapter,wewilltakelookatdifferentstrategiesforidentifyingelements.

Chapter4.FindingElementswithDifferentLocatorsAppiumhasdifferentlocatorstofindelementsonthemobileappsthatcanbeusedwhiletesting.Inthischapter,wewilldiscusssometechniquestofindanelementfornativeandhybridappsusingtheuiautomatorandAppiuminspector.Tofindanelementforweb-basedapplications,wewillseeaChromeadd-ontoremotelyinspectthewebelements.

Inthischapter,wewilllearnthefollowingtopics:

FindingelementsusingtheChromeADBpluginFindingelementsusingtheSafariDevelopoptionFindingelementsusingUIAutomatorviewerandAppiumInspectorFindingelementsonmobileappsbyid,Name,LinkText,Xpath,cssSelector,ClassName,AccessibilityId,AndroidUIAutomator,andIosUIAutomation

FindingelementsforAndroidweb-basedappsusingtheChromeADBpluginTofindanelementforwebapps,weneedtoinstallanadd-oninordertoremotelyinspectthewebelements.TheChromebrowsergivesusanADB(add-on)toaccessthesourcecodeofthemobileappsremotely.Youcandownloaditfromhttps://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/adb/dpngiggdglpdnjdoaefidgiigpemgage?hl=en-GB(Makesureyou’veinstalledChromeVersion32orlateronyourdesktop.).

Oncetheadd-onisinstalled,performthefollowingstepstosetupthedeviceforremotedebugging:

1. GotoSettings|AboutPhoneandtaponBuildnumberseventimes(assumingthatyouhaveAndroidVersion4.2ornewer).Then,returntothepreviousscreenandfindDeveloperoptions,asshowninthefollowingscreenshot:

NoteTheprecedingstepisnotthesameforallsmartphones;ifyoucan’tfindthisoption,thensearchHowtoenabledeveloperoptionsonGooglewithyourdevicemodel.

2. TaponDeveloperoptionsandclickonONinthedevelopersettings(youwillgetanalerttoallowdevelopersettings;justclickontheOKbutton);makesurethattheUSBdebuggingoptionischecked:

3. Now,gotoyourdesktopChromebrowser(assumingthatyou’vealreadyinstalledtheADBplugin),clickontheADBpluginicon—whichisinthetop-rightcornerofthescreen—andclickonViewInspectionTargets:

4. UseaUSBcabletoconnectyourAndroiddevicetothedesktop(makesureyou’veinstalledtheappropriateUSBdriverforyourdevice).Afteryouconnect,youwillgetanalertonyourdevicetoallowUSBdebugging;justtaponOK.

5. OpentheChromebrowseronyourdeviceandnavigatetothedesiredURL(wewillopenwww.google.com).

6. Onceyousetupyourdevicefordebugging,thenthechrome://inspect/#devicespagewilldisplayalltheconnecteddevicesalongwiththeopentabsandwebviews.MakesureDiscoverUSBdevicesischecked,asshownhere:

7. Now,clickontheinspectlinktoopenthedevelopertools;youwillgetthefollowingscreen.Now,clickonthescreencasticon,inthetop-rightcorner,todisplayyourdevice’sscreen:

NowwecaneasilyinspectelementswithChromeDevTools.

FindingelementsforiOSweb-basedappsusingSafari’sDevelopoptionSafaricomeswithabuilt-insolutionforfindingtheelementsforwebapps,butweneedtoperformthefollowingstepsinordertosetupthedeviceforremotedebugging:

1. NavigatetoSettings|Safari|Advanced:

2. Then,turnonWebInspector:

3. OpentheSafaribrowseronyourdevice/simulatorandnavigatetothedesiredURL(wearenavigatingtowww.google.com).

4. Now,gotoyourMacSafaribrowser,clickontheDevelopoptionfromthemenu,selectthedevice/simulator(assumingthatthedeviceisconnectedtoyourMac),andclickontheURL:

5. NowyouwillgetthefollowingscreenwiththeHTMLsourcecode:

Now,wecaneasilyinspectelementswithSafariDevTools.

FindingelementsbyIDTointeractwiththewebpage,firstweneedtofindanelementonthepage.AllthefunctionsoftheAppiumclientlibraryneedanelementtoperformtheactionsonthewebpage.

FindinganelementbyIDisusedtolocateonlyoneelementinthemobileapp.Thisishowthemethodsignaturetofindanelementlooks:

findElement(By.id(Stringid));

WeneedtopassanIDoftheelementwewanttointeractwith.Now,wearegoingtofindtheIDofanelementusingtheChromeADBpluginremotely.Here,wehavetakenanexampleoftheGooglesearchpage.Performthefollowingsteps:

1. Navigatetohttps://www.google.comonyourmobile’sChromebrowser.2. ClickontheinspectlinkfromtheADBpluginofyourdesktop’sChromebrowser.3. Clickontheinspectelementicon andmouseoverthesearchbox,asshowninthe

followingscreenshot:

Wecanusethehighlightedidtointeractwiththewebelement.Thisishowthecommandwilllook:

WebElementsearchBox=driver.findElement(By.id("lst-ib"));

Ifyouwanttotypeinthesearchbox,thenyoucanuseawebelementreference;forinstance,youcanuseareferencesuchassearchBox.sendKeys("ManojHans");.

Let’stakethesameexampletofindanelementbyIDontheSafaribrowserinaniOSdevice.Weneedtoperformthefollowingsteps:

1. Navigatetohttps://www.google.comonyourmobileSafaribrowser.2. ClickontheURLunderiOSsimulatorundertheDeveloptaboftheMacSafari

browser.

3. ClickontheInspecticonandthenclickonthesearchboxintheiOSsimulator,asshownhere:

Wecanusethehighlightedidtointeractwiththewebelement.Thisishowthecommandwilllook:

WebElementsearchBox=driver.findElement(By.id("lst-ib"));

Ifyouwanttotypeinthesearchbox,thenyoucanuseawebelementreference,suchassearchBox.sendKeys("ManojHans");.

FindingelementsbynameAnotherwaytofindanelementisbytheirname;elementscanhavenamestolocatethem.Thisishowthemethodsignaturewilllook:

findElement(By.name(StringName));

Sameasinthecaseofid,weneedtopassthenameattributeoftheelementwewanttolookfor.ItwillreturnaWebElementobjectthatwecanperformactionson.WecanagaintakeanexampleoftheGooglesearchpage,asthesearchboxalsohasaname.Allthestepswillbethesameastheoneswe’vetakentofindanelementbyID,asshowninthefollowingscreenshot:

Thisishowthecommandwilllook:

WebElementsearchBox=driver.findElement(By.name("q"));

FindingelementsbylinkTextThismethodisusefulwhenyouwanttolocatetheelementthathasahyperlink.Thisishowthemethodsignaturelooks:

findElement(By.linkText(Stringtext));

Weneedtopassthetextthathasahyperlink.ItwillreturnaWebElementobjectthatwecanperformactionson.AllthestepstolocatetheelementwillbethesameasthestepsperformedtofindanelementbyID.

WearegoingtofindtheImagestextontheGooglesearchpagethathavealink;thisishowthecommandwilllook:

WebElementimagesLink=driver.findElement(By.linkText("Images"));

FindingelementsbyXpathXpathworksonbothXMLandwell-formedHTMLstructurestofindelements.Itisabitslower(inthecaseswhereyougenerateditinacomplexmanner)thantheIDandnamemethods,butitisaveryusefulapproachtofindanelementonthewebpagewheretheelementIDisgenerateddynamically.Here,wearenotgoingtoteachyouaboutXpath,butifyouwanttolearnabouttheXpathstrategy,thenyoucansearchGoogleforatutorial.Thisishowthemethodsignaturewilllook:

findElement(By.xpath(StringXPath));

WeneedtopasstheXpathoftheelementwewanttolookfor.ItwillreturnaWebElementobjectthatwecanperformactionson.Here,wewillconstructtheXpathonthebasisofattributes.

WearegoingtoconstructanXpathoftheGooglesearchbox;thisishowthecommandwilllook:

WebElementsearchBox=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='lst-ib']"));

FindingelementsbycssSelectorcssSelectorstrictlyoperatesonHTML,anditisfasterthanXpathinfindinganelementonthewebpage.Thisishowthemethodsignaturewilllook:

findElement(By.cssSelector(StringcssSelector);

WeneedtopassthecssSelectoroftheelementwewanttolookfor.ItwillreturnaWebElementobjectthatwecanperformactionson.Here,wewillconstructthecssSelectoronthebasisofattributes.

WearegoingtoconstructcssSelectoroftheGooglesearchbox;thisishowthecommandwilllook:

WebElementsearchBox=driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("#lst-ib"));

FindingelementsfornativeandhybridappsTherearemultiplewaystofindanelementfornativeandhybridapps,suchasUIAutomatorviewer(forAndroidonly)andAppiumInspector(forbothAndroidandiOS).Let’sstartwiththeuiautomator.

FindingelementswithUIAutomatorviewerWecanfindtheUIAutomatorviewerintheAndroidSDKfolderC:\android-sdk\tools(assumingthattheSDKlocatedintheCdrive);youcanfindthesameinMacaswellunderthetoolsfolder,asshowninthefollowingscreenshot:

Toopenuiautomatorviewer,youneedtodouble-clickonit.Youwillgetthefollowingscreen:

Now,wearegoingtotakeanexampleoffindinganelementoftheAndroidappcalculator.Weneedtoperformthefollowingsteps:

1. OpentheAndroidemulatororrealdevice(Forarealdevice,weneedtoenableUSBdebugging).

2. Openthecalculatorapp.3. Now,clickonthedevice’sscreenshoticon fromtheUIAutomatorViewer

window(Theprogressinformationboxwillbevisible.).Ifmorethanonedeviceisrunning,thenUIAutomatorviewerwillaskyoutoselectthedevicetocapturethescreenshot.Thefollowingisthescreenshotofthecalculator.

Youwillgetthescreenshotofthecalculatorsuccessfully.

Now,it’stimetofindanelementwithdifferentlocatorssupportedbytheAppiumdriver.

FindingelementsbyIDThemethodsignaturewillbethesameastheonewesawearliertofindanelementbyIDforwebapps:

findElement(By.id(Stringid));

WeneedtopasstheIDoftheelementwewanttointeractwith.Here,wearegoingtofindthedigit5fromthecalculatorappusingUIAutomatorViewer.Weneedtoperformthefollowingsteps:

1. Clickonthedigit5fromUIAutomatorViewer.2. UnderNodeDetails,youwillgetresource-idas

com.android.calculator2:id/digit5:

3. Wecanuseresource-idasanIDtoperformanactiononthedigit5.Thisishowthecommandwilllook:

WebElement

digit_5=driver.findElement(By.id("com.android.calculator2:id/digit5"));

4. Toclickonthedigit5,wecanusethefollowingcommand:

digit_5.click();

FindingelementsbynameThemethodsignaturewillbethesameastheonewesawearliertofindanelementbynameforwebapps:

findElement(By.name(StringName));

Weneedtopassthenameoftheelementwewanttointeractwith.Here,wearegoingtofindtheDELETEbuttonfromthecalculatorappusingUIAutomatorViewer.Weneedtoperformthefollowingsteps:

1. ClickonDELETEfromUIAutomatorViewer.2. UnderNodeDetails,youwillgetthetextasDELETE,asshownhere:

WecanusetheDELETEtexttolocatetheDELETEbuttonasName.Thisishowthecommandwilllook:

WebElementdelete=driver.findElement(By.name("DELETE"));

3. ToclickontheDELETEbutton,wecanusethefollowingcommand:

delete.click();

FindingelementsbyclassNameWecanfindanelementusingtheclassNamelocatoraswell.Thisishowthemethodsignaturelooks:

findElement(By.className(StringClassName));

WeneedtopasstheclassNameoftheelementwewanttointeractwith.Here,wearegoingtofindtheEditBoxfromthecalculatorappusingUIAutomatorViewer.Weneedtoperformthefollowingsteps:

1. ClickonEditBoxfromUIAutomatorViewer.2. UnderNodeDetail,youwillgettheclassasandroid.widget.EditText:

3. WecanuseclassasclassNametoperformanactiononEditBox.Thisishowthecommandwilllook:

WebElement

editBox=driver.findElement(By.className("android.widget.EditText"));

4. TogetthevaluefromtheEditBox,wecanusethefollowingcommand:

editBox.getText();

Ifthesameclassisusedformultipleelements,thenweneedtoselectanelementonthebasisofindexing.Forexample,ifwewanttoselectthedigit7onthebasisofclassName,thenthisishowthecodewilllook:

List<WebElement>

editBox=driver.findElements(By.className("android.widget.Button"));

editBox.get(1).click();

WeareusingfindElementsinplaceoffindElementintheprecedingcode;theprecedingcodewillreturnmorethanonevalue.Here,thedigit7hasanindexvalue1,sowehavetopassanindexvalueof1totakeanaction.

FindingelementsbyAccessibilityIdTheAppiumdeveloperswantedtogiveusmoreoptionstolocateanelement,sotheycreatedAccessibilityId.Itlocatestheelement,sameasIDandname.ThisishowthemethodsignatureforAccessibilityIdlooks:

findElement(By.AccessibilityId(StringAccId));

WeneedtopassanAccIdoftheelementwewanttointeractwith.Here,wearegoingtofindthe+signfromthecalculatorappusingUIAutomatorViewer.Weneedtoperformthefollowingsteps:

1. Clickonthe+signfromUIAutomatorViewer.2. UnderNodeDetails,youwillgetthecontent-descasplus:

3. Wecanusecontent-descasAccIdtoperformanactiononthe+sign.Thisishowthecommandwilllook:

WebElementplusSign=driver.findElementByAccessibilityId("plus");

4. Toclickonthe+sign,wecanusethefollowingcommand:

plusSign.click();

FindingelementsbyAndroidUIAutomatorAndroidUIAutomatorisaverypowerfullocatortofindanelement.ItusestheAndroidUIAutomatorlibrarytofindanelement.Themethodsignaturelookslikethis:

findElement(By.AndroidUIAutomator(StringUIAuto));

WeneedtopasstheUIAutoofanelementthatwewanttointeractwith.Here,wearegoingtofindthe=signfromthecalculatorappusingUIAutomatorViewer.Weneedtoperformthefollowingsteps:

1. Clickonthe=signfromUIAutomatorViewer.2. UndertheNodedetails,wecanpickanyofthevalues.Forexample,resource-idas

com.android.calculator2:id/equal.Wecanuseresource-idasUIAutotoperformanactiononthe=sign.Thisishowthecommandwilllook:

WebElementequal=driver.findElementByAndroidUIAutomator("new

UiSelector().resourceId(\"com.android.calculator2:id/equal\")";

3. Toclickonthe=sign,wecanusethefollowingcommand:

equal.click();

4. Anotherexampleistopickcontent-descasequals,sothecommandwilllooklikethis:

WebElementequal=driver.findElementBy.AndroidUIAutomator("new

UiSelector().description(\"equals\")");

NoteIfyouwanttofindoutmoreabouttheUIAutomatorlibrary,thenitmightbehelpfultocheckouthttp://developer.android.com/tools/testing/testing_ui.htmlandhttp://developer.android.com/tools/help/uiautomator/UiSelector.html.

FindingelementswithAppiumInspectorWelearnedinanearlierchapterthatAppiumInspectorworkswellontheMacplatform.So,wewillnowuseitonMactofindelements.

TostarttheAppiumInspectorforAndroid,weneedtoperformthefollowingsteps:

1. Weneedtospecifythepathoftheapplication,package,andactivitynameintheAppiumGUIincaseofanemulator.Inthecaseofarealdevice,thepackageandactivitynameissufficient.

NoteFromwherecanyoufindoutaboutthepackageandactivitynameoftheappiftheappisrunningonaphysicaldevice?

YoucaninstalltheAPKInfoappfromthePlayStore(https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=de.migali.soft.apkinfo&hl=en)toknowaboutthepackageandactivitynameoftheapp.Ifyouhaveanapponyourdesktop,thentheAppiumserverwillautomaticallyretrievethepackageandactivitynameoncetheapp’spathisspecified.

2. ThePrelaunchApplicationoptionshouldbecheckedunderGeneralSettings.3. Ifyouareworkingwithanemulator,thenitshouldbeopenortheLaunchAVD

optionshouldbecheckedunderAndroidSettings(assumingthatyouhavecreatedtheemulator).Ontheotherhand,ifyouareworkingwitharealdevice,thenthedeviceshouldbeconnectedandtheUSBdebuggingoptionshouldbechecked.

4. ClickontheLaunchbutton.5. ClickontheInspectoricon.Now,AppiumInspectorwillbelaunched,asshownin

thefollowingscreenshot.Again,let’staketheexampleofthecalculatorapp.

WehavealreadyseenalotofwaystofindanelementinUIAutomatorViewer;nowwearegoingtofindanelementwithXpath.

FindingelementsbyXpathXpathisbitslowerthantheIDandnamemethods,butitisaveryusefulapproachtofindanelement.Themethodsignaturewilllooklikethis:

findElement(By.xpath(StringXPath));

WeneedtopasstheXpathoftheelementwewanttolookfor.ItwillreturnaWebElementobjectthatwecanperformactionson.

WearegoingtousetheXpathofthedigit9;thisishowthecommandwilllook:

WebElement

digit_9=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//android.widget.LinearLayout[1]/

android.widget.FrameLayout[1]/android.widget.LinearLayout[1]/

android.support.v4.view.viewPager[1]/android.widget.LinearLayout[1]/

android.widget.LinearLayout[1]/android.widget.Button[3]"));

YoucanusetheWebElementreference,digit_9,toperformanactiononthedigit9,whichhasbeenshownintheprecedingscreenshot.

WelearnedhowtofindanelementonAndroiddevices.Now,itistheturntoiOS.TostarttheAppiumInspectorforiOS,weneedtoperformthefollowingsteps:

1. WeneedtospecifythepathoftheapplicationintheAppiumGUI.2. ThePrelaunchApplicationoptionshouldbecheckedunderGeneralSettings.3. Ifyouareworkingwithasimulator,thenitshouldbeopenortheForceDevice

optionshouldbecheckedunderiOSSettingsandthenyouhavetochoosethedesirediOSsimulator.Ontheotherhand,ifyouareworkingwitharealdevice,thenthedeviceshouldbeconnectedandthedeviceUDIDshouldbespecified.

4. ClickontheLaunchbutton.5. ClickontheInspectoricon.

Here,wearegoingtotakeanexampleofTestApp,whichyoucandownloadfromtheAppiumGitHubrepository(https://github.com/appium/appium/blob/master/assets/TestApp7.1.app.zip?raw=true).ThankstoAppiumdevelopersforcreatingTestApp.

FindingelementsbynameThemethodsignaturewillbethesameaswetheonewesawearliertofindanelementbynameforwebapps:

findElement(By.name(StringName));

Weneedtopassthenameoftheelementwewanttointeractwith.Here,wearegoingtofindthesecondEditBoxfromtheTestAppusingtheAppiumInspector.Weneedtoperformthefollowingsteps:

1. ClickonthesecondEditBoxfromtheAppiumInspector.2. UndertheDetailstabyouwillgetthenameasIntegerB.WecanusenameasName

toidentifythe2ndEditBox.Thecommandwilllooklikethis:

WebElementeditBox=driver.findElement(By.name("IntegerB"));

3. TotypeintheEditBox,wecanusethefollowingcommand:

editBox.sendKeys("12");

FindingelementsbyIosUIAutomationUIAutomationisaJavaScriptlibrarythatisusedtofindanelementinApple’sAutomationInstruments.AppiumdevelopershavegivenusasimilarwaytofindanelementinAppiumusingIosUIAutomation.Thisishowthemethodsignaturelooks:

findElements(By.IosUIAutomation(StringIosUIAuto));

WeneedtoperformthefollowingstepsifwewanttousetheIosUIAutomation:

1. WeneedtopasstheIosUIAutovalueofanelementwewanttointeractwith.Here,wearegoingtofindthefirstEditBoxfromtheTestAppusingApple’sUIAutomationlibrary.

Forexample,tofindanelementonthebasisoftheUIAutomationlibraryusingelementsfunction,itwillreturnanelementsarray.Wecanfindtheelementusinganindex.

Thecommandwilllooklikethis:

WebElementeditBox=driver.findElements(By.IosUIAutomation(".elements()

[0]"));//Here'0'isanelementindex

2. TotypeinthefirstEditBox,wecanusethefollowingcommand:

editBox.sendKeys("10");

3. AnotherexampleistofindtheelementonthebasisofthetextFieldsobject,wherethecommandwilllooklikethis:

WebElementeditBox=driver.

findElements(By.IosUIAutomation(".textFields()[0]"));

NoteIfyouwanttoexploretheUIAutomationlibrarymore,thenitmightbehelpfultovisithttps://developer.apple.com/library/ios/documentation/ToolsLanguages/Reference/UIAElementClassReference/index.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40009903-CH1-SW6.

SummaryWelearnedalotabouthowtofindanelementusingdifferentlocatorsandtechniques.Specifically,welearnedhowtoremotelyopentheFirebugformobilewebappstolocatethewebelementswithdifferenttypeoflocatorsandalsohowUIAutomatorViewercanbeusedtofindelements.WethenmovedontosearchingforelementsusingAppiumInspector,ID,name,Xpath,cssSelector,className,AccessibilityId,AndroidUIAutomator,and,lastbutnotleast,IosUIAutomation.

Welearnedalotaboutfindinganelement;nowit’stimetostartautomatingmobileapps.InthenextchapterwewillworkwiththeAppiumdriver.

Chapter5.WorkingwithAppiumNow,wearegoingtostartworkingwithAppiumondifferentmobileapps.Wewillbeacquaintedwithemulators/simulatorstoautomatemobileappsbyAppium.Wewilltakealookathowtoinstallappsfromacomputertoanemulator,movingontocallingtheChromebrowserinanAndroidemulatortosetupthedesiredcapabilitiesandtestwebapplications.Then,wewilllearnhowtostarttheSafaribrowserinasimulatorandsetupthedesiredcapabilitiestotestwebapplications.Wewillalsotakealookathowtowriteautomationscriptsfornativemobileapps.Lastly,wewillautomatethehybridappsandswitchfromnativetowebview.

Inthischapter,wewilllearnthefollowingtopics:

TheautomationofnativeappsTheautomationofhybridappsWorkingwithwebappsandanativebrowserWorkingwithwebappsandSafari

ImportantinitialpointsBeforestartingwithAppium,let’smakesurethatwehaveallthenecessarysoftwareinstalled.

TheprerequisitesforAndroidareasfollows:

Java(version7orlater)TheAndroidSDKAPI(version17orlater)AnemulatorEclipseTestNGTheAppiumserverTheAppiumclientlibrary(Java)TheSeleniumServerandWebDriverJavalibraryTheAPKInfoapp

TheprerequisitesforiOSareasfollows:

MacOS10.7orlaterXcode(version4.6.3orlater;5.1isrecommended)SimulatorSafarionsimulatorJavaVersion7EclipseTestNGTheAppiumServerTheAppiumclientlibrary(Java)TheSeleniumServerandWebDriverJavalibrary

WhenworkingwithAppium,weneedtosetthedesiredcapabilitiesandinitiateanAndroid/iOSdriver.First,weneedtounderstandthemonebyone.

NecessarydesiredcapabilitiesforAndroidandinitiatingtheAndroiddriverTherearetwowaystosetthedesiredcapabilities,onewiththeAppiumGUIandanotherbyinitiatingthedesiredcapabilitiesobject.Desiredcapabilitiesobjectwillbemorepreferable,otherwisewehavetochangethedesiredcapabilitiesintheGUIagainandagainwheneverwearetestinganothermobileapp.Let’sdiscussboththeseways.

Let’sseetheAndroidSettingsintheAppiumGUIsettingsfornativeandhybridapps:

Herearethestepsyouneedtoperformfornativeandhybridapps:

1. ClickontheAndroidSettingsicon.2. SelectApplicationpathandprovidethepathoftheapplication.3. SelectPackageandchooseitfromthedrop-down.4. SelectLaunchActivityandchooseanactivityfromthedrop-down.

NoteIfanapplicationisalreadyinstalledontheAVD,thenwedon’tneedtofollowsteps

2–4.Inthiscase,wehavetoinstalltheAPKinfoappontheAVDtoknowaboutthepackageandtheactivitiesoftheappandthensetthemusingthedesiredcapabilitiesobject(whichwewillseeinthenexttopic).

Here,thequestionishowtoinstallAPKintheemulator?Simplyperformthefollowingsteps:

1.Starttheemulator.

2.OpenCommandPrompt.

3.Typeadb-einstall[pathoftheapk].Forexample,adb–einstallc:\app\apkinfo.apk.

4.ClickontheEnterbutton;postthis,youwillgetasuccessmessage.

YouaredonewiththeAPKinstallation!

5. SelectLaunchAVDandchooseacreatedemulatorfromthelist.6. SelectPlatformVersionfromthedrop-downmenu.7. SelectDeviceNameandtypeAndroidemulator.8. Now,starttheAppiumServer.

Let’sseetheAndroidSettingsintheAppiumGUIsettingsforwebapps:

Herearethestepsthatyouneedtoperformforwebapps:

1. ClickontheAndroidSettingsicon.2. SelectLaunchAVDandchooseacreatedemulatorfromthelist.3. SelectPlatformVersionfromthedrop-down.4. SelectUseBrowserandchooseBrowserfromthedrop-down.5. SelectDeviceNameandtypeAndroidemulator.6. Now,starttheAppiumserver.

Let’sdiscusshowtoinitiatethedesiredcapabilitiesobjectandsetthecapabilities.

DesiredcapabilitiesfornativeandhybridappsWealreadydiscussedthedesiredcapabilitiesinChapter1,Appium–ImportantConceptualBackground,soherewewilldirectlydiveintothecodewithcomments.First,weneedtoimportthefollowingpackages:

importjava.io.File;

importorg.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;

importio.appium.java_client.remote.MobileCapabilityType;

Now,let’ssetthedesiredcapabilitiesforthenativeandhybridapps,asshownhere:

DesiredCapabilitiescaps=newDesiredCapabilities();//Tocreateanobject

Fileapp=newFile("pathoftheapk");//Tocreatefileobjecttospecifythe

apppath

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP,app);//Ifappisalready

installedontheAVDthennoneedtosetthiscapability.

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_VERSION,"4.4");//Toset

theAndroidversion

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_NAME,"Android");//Toset

theOSname

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME,"Android

emulator");//TosettheDevicename

caps.setCapability("avd","NameoftheAVDtolaunch");//TospecifytheAVD

whichwewanttolaunch

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP_PACKAGE,"packagenameofyour

app(youcangetitfromapkinfoapp)");//Tospecifytheandroidapp

package

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP_ACTIVITY,"Launchactivityof

yourapp(youcangetitfromapkinfoapp)");//Tospecifytheactivity

whichwewanttolaunch

DesiredcapabilitiesforwebappsInAndroidmobilewebapps,someofthecapabilitiesthatweusedinnativeandhybridappssuchasAPP,APPPACKAGE,andAPPACTIVITYarenotrequiredbecausewearelaunchingabrowserhere.Weneedtoimportthefollowingpackages:

importorg.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;

importio.appium.java_client.remote.MobileCapabilityType;

Now,let’ssetthedesiredcapabilitiesforthewebapps,asfollows:

DesiredCapabilitiescaps=newDesiredCapabilities();//Tocreateanobject

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_VERSION,"4.4");//Toset

theandroidversion

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_NAME,"Android");//Toset

theOSname

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME,"Android

emulator");//Tosetthedevicename

caps.setCapability("avd","NameoftheAVDtolaunch");//TospecifytheAVD

whichwewanttolaunch

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.BROWSER_NAME,"Browser");//To

launchtheNativebrowser

Wearedonewiththedesiredcapabilitiespart;now,wehavetoinitiatetheAndroidDrivertoconnectwiththeAppiumserver,butfirstweneedtoimportthefollowingpackages:

importio.appium.java_client.android.AndroidDriver;

importjava.net.URL;

Then,initiatetheAndroidDriver:

AndroidDriverdriver=newAndroidDriver(new

URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"),caps);

ThiswilllaunchtheappintheAndroidemulatorusingtheconfigurationsspecifiedinthe

desiredcapabilities.

Now,youcanusethefollowingclasstowritethetestscriptswithTestNG:

importio.appium.java_client.android.AndroidDriver;

importio.appium.java_client.remote.MobileCapabilityType;

importjava.io.File;

importjava.net.MalformedURLException;

importjava.net.URL;

importjava.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

importorg.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;

importorg.testng.annotations.AfterClass;

importorg.testng.annotations.BeforeClass;

importorg.testng.annotations.Test;

publicclassTestAppIication{

AndroidDriverdriver;

@BeforeClass

publicvoidsetUp()throwsMalformedURLException{

//Setupdesiredcapabilities

DesiredCapabilitiescaps=newDesiredCapabilities();

Fileapp=newFile("pathoftheapk");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP,app);

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_VERSION,"4.4");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_NAME,"Android");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME,"Androidemulator");

caps.setCapability("avd","NameoftheAVDtolaunch");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP_PACKAGE,"packagenameof

yourapp(youcangetitfromapkinfoapp)");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP_ACTIVITY,"Launchactivityof

yourapp(youcangetitfromapkinfoapp)");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.BROWSER_NAME,"Browser");//In

caseofwebapps

driver=newAndroidDriver(newURL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"),

caps);

driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30,TimeUnit.SECONDS);

}

@Test

publicvoidtestExample(){

//Wewillputtestscriptshere

}

@AfterClass

publicvoidtearDown(){

driver.closeApp();//CloseApp()functionisusedtoclosethemobile

nativeandhybridappswhilequit()andclose()isusedforwebapps

}

}

NecessarydesiredcapabilitiesforiOSandinitiatingtheiOSdriverSameasAndroid,wecansetthedesiredcapabilitiesusingtheAppiumGUIandbyinitiatingthedesiredcapabilitiesobject.Let’sdiscussboth.

iOSSettingsintheAppiumGUIsettingsfornativeandhybridapps:

Herearethestepsyouneedtoperformfornativeandhybridapps:

1. ClickontheiOSSettingsicon.2. SelectAppPathandprovidethepathoftheapplication.3. SelectForceDeviceandchooseasimulatorfromthelist.4. SelectPlatformVersionfromthedropdownoryoucanalsotypeinaversion(for

example,8.1).5. Now,starttheAppiumServer.

Let’sseetheiOSSettingsinAppiumGUIsettingsforwebapps:

Herearethestepsyouneedtoperformforwebapps:

1. ClickontheiOSSettingsicon.2. SelectUseMobileSafari.3. SelectForceDeviceandchooseasimulatorfromthelist.4. SelectPlatformVersionfromthedropdownoryoucanalsotypeinavalue(for

example,8.1).5. Now,starttheAppiumserver.

Let’sdiscusshowtoinitiatethedesiredcapabilitiesobjectandsetthecapabilities.

DesiredcapabilitiesfornativeandhybridappsWealreadydiscussedthedesiredcapabilitiesforiOSinChapter1,Appium–ImportantConceptualBackground,soherewewilldirectlydiveintothecodewithcomments.First,weneedtoimportthefollowingpackages:

importjava.io.File;

importorg.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;

importio.appium.java_client.remote.MobileCapabilityType;

Now,let’ssetthedesiredcapabilitiesfornativeandhybridapps:

DesiredCapabilitiescaps=newDesiredCapabilities();//Tocreateanobject

ofdesiredcapabilities

Fileapp=newFile("pathofthe.app");//Tocreateafileobjecttospecify

theapppath

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP,app);//Tosettheapppath

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_VERSION,"8.1");//Toset

theiOSversion

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_NAME,"iOS");//Tosetthe

OSname

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME,"iPhone5");//Type

validsimulatornameotherwiseappiumwillthrowanexception

DesiredcapabilitiesforwebappsIniOSmobilewebapps,someofthecapabilitiesthatweusedinnativeandhybridappssuchasAPP,APPPACKAGE,andAPPACTIVITYarenotrequiredbecausewearelaunchingabrowserhere.First,weneedtoimportthefollowingpackages:

importjava.io.File;

importorg.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;

importio.appium.java_client.remote.MobileCapabilityType;

Now,let’ssetthedesiredcapacitiesforthewebapps,asshownhere:

DesiredCapabilitiescaps=newDesiredCapabilities();//Tocreateanobject

ofdesiredcapabilities

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_VERSION,"8.1");//Toset

theiOSversion

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_NAME,"iOS");//Tosetthe

OSname

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME,"iPhone5");//Type

validsimulatornameotherwiseAppiumwillthrowanexception

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.BROWSER_NAME,"Safari");//To

launchtheSafaribrowser

Wearedonewiththedesiredcapabilitiespart;now,wehavetoinitiatetheiOSDrivertoconnectwiththeAppiumserver,butfirstweneedtoimportthefollowingpackages:

importio.appium.java_client.ios.IOSDriver;

importjava.net.URL;

Then,initiatetheiOSDriver:

IOSDriverdriver=newIOSDriver(new

URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"),caps);

Thiswilllaunchtheappinthesimulatorusingtheconfigurationsspecifiedinthedesiredcapabilities.

Now,youcanusethefollowingclassfortestscriptswithTestNG:

importio.appium.java_client.ios.IOSDriver;

importio.appium.java_client.remote.MobileCapabilityType;

importjava.io.File;

importjava.net.MalformedURLException;

importjava.net.URL;

importjava.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

importorg.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;

importorg.testng.annotations.AfterClass;

importorg.testng.annotations.BeforeClass;

importorg.testng.annotations.Test;

publicclassTestAppIication{

IOSDriverdriver;

@BeforeClass

publicvoidsetUp()throwsMalformedURLException{

//Setupdesiredcapabilities

DesiredCapabilitiescaps=newDesiredCapabilities();

Fileapp=newFile("pathofthe.app");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP,app);

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_VERSION,"8.1");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_NAME,"iOS");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME,"iPhone5");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.BROWSER_NAME,"Safari");//In

caseofwebapps

driver=newIOSDriver(newURL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"),caps);

driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30,TimeUnit.SECONDS);

}

@Test

publicvoidtestExample(){

//Wewillputtestscriptshere

}

@AfterClass

publicvoidtearDown(){

driver.closeApp();//Incaseofnativeandhybridapp

//driver.quit();//Incaseofwebapps

}

}

AutomatingnativeappsNativeappsarebasicallydevelopedforaparticularplatform,andtheycantakeanadvantageofthedevice’sfeatures.Theycanworkoffline.Youcaninstallanativeappdirectlyontothedeviceorthroughanapplicationstore,suchasGooglePlayorAppleAppStore.

NativeAndroidappsHere,wearegoingtotakeanexampleoftheAndroidcalculatorapp,andinthissection,wewilltakealookattheadditionoftwonumbers.

Performthefollowingstepstoautomatethecalculatorapp:

1. Updatethedesiredcapabilitiesinthesetup()methodtolaunchthecalculatorapp:

caps.setCapability("avd","AVD_Nexus_4");//MentionthecreatedAVDname

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP_PACKAGE,

"com.android.calculator2");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP_ACTIVITY,

"com.android.calculator2.Calculator");

2. Now,weneedtofindthenumbers;wearegoingtofindthembyname:

WebElementfive=driver.findElement(By.name("5"));

WebElementfour=driver.findElement(By.name("4"));

3. Weneedtofindthe+signandthe=sign;wearegoingtofindthembynameandAccessabilityID,respectively:

WebElementplus=driver.findElement(By.name("+"));

WebElementequalTo=driver.findElementByAccessibilityId("equals"));

4. Now,weneedtoperformclickontheelement:

five.click();

plus.click();

four.click();

equalTo.click();

5. RunyourscriptusingTestNG;itshouldlooklikethefollowingblockofcode:

publicclassTestAppIication{

AndroidDriverdriver;

@BeforeClass

publicvoidsetUp()throwsMalformedURLException{

DesiredCapabilitiescaps=newDesiredCapabilities();

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_VERSION,"4.4");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_NAME,"Android");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME,"Android

emulator");

caps.setCapability("avd","AVD_Nexus_4");//MentionthecreatedAVD

name

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP_PACKAGE,

"com.android.calculator2");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP_ACTIVITY,

"com.android.calculator2.Calculator");

driver=newAndroidDriver(newURL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"),

caps);

driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30,TimeUnit.SECONDS);

}

@Test

publicvoidtestExample(){

WebElementfive=driver.findElement(By.name("5"));

five.click();

WebElementplus=driver.findElement(By.name("+"));

plus.click();

WebElementfour=driver.findElement(By.name("4"));

four.click();

WebElementequalTo=driver.findElementByAccessibilityId("equals"));

equalTo.click();

}

@AfterClass

publicvoidtearDown(){

driver.closeApp();

}

}

NativeiOSappsHere,wearegoingtotakeanexampleofaniOSTestApp;youcangetitfromhttps://github.com/manojhans/Appium/blob/master/Application/iOS/Native/TestApp7.1.app.zip?raw=true.Afterdownloadingit,extractittoalocalfolder(forexample,/Users/mhans/appium/ios/TestApp.app).Thedownloadedappwilllooklikethefollowingscreenshot:

Inthissection,wewilltakealookattheadditionoftwonumbers.Todothis,performthefollowingsteps:

1. Updatethedesiredcapabilitiesinthesetup()methodtolaunchtheTestApp:

Fileapp=newFile("/Users/mhans/appium/ios/TestApp.app");//Youcan

changeitwithyourappaddress

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP,app);

2. Now,wehavetofindelementstobetypedin;wearegoingtofindthembyname:

WebElementeditBox1=driver.findElement(By.name("TextField1"));

WebElementeditBox2=driver.findElement(By.name("TextField2"));

3. Now,weneedtofindthecomputebutton;wearegoingtofinditbyAccessibilityID:

WebElementcomputeSumBtn=driver.findElementByAccessibilityId("Compute

Sum"));

4. Now,typeavalueinthefirstbox:

editBox1.sendKeys("10");

5. Typeavalueinthesecondbox:

editBox2.sendKeys("20");

6. Now,clickontheComputeSumbutton:

computeSumBtn.click();

7. RunyourscriptusingTestNG;itshouldlooklikethefollowingcode:

publicclassTestAppIication{

IOSDriverdriver;

@BeforeClass

publicvoidsetUp()throwsMalformedURLException{

Fileapp=newFile("/Users/mhans/appium/ios/TestApp.app");//Youcan

changeitwithyourappaddress

DesiredCapabilitiescaps=newDesiredCapabilities();

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP,app);

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_VERSION,"8.1");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_NAME,"iOS");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME,"iPhone5");

driver=newIOSDriver(newURL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"),

caps);

driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30,TimeUnit.SECONDS);

}

@Test

publicvoidtestExample(){

WebElementeditBox1=driver.findElement(By.name("TextField1"));

editBox1.sendKeys("10");

WebElementeditBox2=driver.findElement(By.name("TextField2"));

editBox2.sendKeys("20");

WebElementcomputeSumBtn=driver.findElementByAccessibilityId("Compute

Sum"));

computeSumBtn.click();

}

@AfterClass

publicvoidtearDown(){

driver.closeApp();

}

}

Workingwithweb-appsWebappscanberunonanydeviceorplatform;theonlyrequirementisawebbrowserandanInternetconnection.Thebestpartisthatyoudon’tneedtoinstallweb-appsonthedevice.Theyaregenerallydesignedwithcross-browsercompatibilityinmind.

WebappsonAndroidWearegoingtotakeanexampleoftheGooglesearchpage.

Inthissection,wearegoingtotakealookathowtoloadthenativebrowseronanemulatorandthentypedataintheGooglesearchbox.Initially,wewillgetthenativebrowserasshowninfollowingscreenshot:

PerformthefollowingstepstoloadthenativebrowseronanemulatorandthentypedataintheGooglesearchbox:

1. Updatethedesiredcapabilitiesinthesetup()methodtolaunchthenativebrowser:

caps.setCapability("avd","AVD_Nexus_4");//MentionthecreatedAVDname

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.BROWSER_NAME,"Browser");

2. Now,weneedtonavigatetohttps://www.google.comusingthefollowingcommand:

driver.get("https://www.google.com");//Onwebappsweneedtonavigate

theurltotestthedesiredwebsite

3. WeneedtofindthesearchBoxelement;inthissection,wearegoingtofindanelementbyname:

WebElementsearchBox=driver.findElement(By.name("q"));

4. Now,weneedtypeinthesearchbox:

searchBox.sendKeys("Appiumformobileautomation");

5. RunyourscriptusingTestNG;itshouldlooklikethefollowingblockofcode:

publicclassTestAppIication{

AndroidDriverdriver;

@BeforeClass

publicvoidsetUp()throwsMalformedURLException{

DesiredCapabilitiescaps=newDesiredCapabilities();

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.BROWSER_NAME,"Browser");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_VERSION,"4.4");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_NAME,"Android");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME,"Android

emulator");

caps.setCapability("avd","AVD_Nexus_4");//MentionthecreatedAVD

name

driver=newAndroidDriver(new

URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"),caps);

driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30,TimeUnit.SECONDS);

}

@Test

publicvoidtestExample(){

driver.get("https://www.google.com");

WebElementsearchBox=driver.findElement(By.name("q"));

searchBox.sendKeys("Appiumformobileautomation");

}

@AfterClass

publicvoidtearDown(){

driver.quit();

}

}

Inthenextsection,wewillseehowthesametestscriptsrunondifferentplatforms;weonlyneedtochangethedesiredcapabilities,whichfulfillthepurpose(cross-platformtesting)ofusingAppium.

WebappsoniOSWearegoingtotaketheexampleoftheGooglesearchpage.Inthissection,wearegoingtotakealookathowtoloadthebrowseronthesimulatorandthentypedataintheGooglesearchbox.Initially,wewillgettheSafaribrowserinsimulatorasshowninthefollowingscreenshot:

1. PerformthefollowingstepstoloadthebrowseronthesimulatorandthentypedataintheGooglesearchboxUpdatethedesiredcapabilitiesinthesetup()methodtolaunchtheChromebrowser:

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.BROWSER_NAME,"Safari");

2. Now,weneedtonavigatetohttps://www.google.comusingthefollowingcommand:

driver.get("https://www.google.com");

3. WeneedtofindasearchBoxelement;inthissection,wearegoingtofindanelementbyname:

WebElementsearchBox=driver.findElement(By.name("q"));

4. Typethefollowinginthesearchbox:

searchBox.sendKeys("Appiumformobileautomation");

5. RunyourscriptusingTestNG;itshouldlooklikethefollowingblockofcode:

publicclassTestAppIication{

IOSDriverdriver;

@BeforeClass

publicvoidsetUp()throwsMalformedURLException{

DesiredCapabilitiescaps=newDesiredCapabilities();

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.BROWSER_NAME,"Safari");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_VERSION,"8.1");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_NAME,"iOS");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME,"iPhone5");

driver=newIOSDriver(newURL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"),

caps);

driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30,TimeUnit.SECONDS);

}

@Test

publicvoidtestExample(){

driver.get("https://www.google.com");

WebElementsearchBox=driver.findElement(By.name("q"));

searchBox.sendKeys("Appiumformobileautomation");

}

@AfterClass

publicvoidtearDown(){

driver.quit();

}

}

Hybridapps’automationHybridappsareacombinationofnativeandwebapps;similartonativeapps,youcangethybridappsthroughanapplicationstore.Nowadays,hybridappsareverypopularbecausetheygiveusacross-platformsolutionanddisplaythecontenttheygetfromtheWeb.

AndroidhybridappsHere,wearegoingtotakeanexampleoftestApp;youcangetitfromhttps://github.com/manojhans/Appium/blob/master/Application/Android/testApp.zip?raw=true.

IfyouareworkingwithanAndroidversionlessthan4.4,thenyouhavetouseSelendroid(inthatcase,youhavetosetthecapabilityascaps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.AUTOMATION_NAME,"Selendroid")),otherwiseAppiumhasabuilt-insupportthroughChromeDriver.

Whileworkingwithhybridapps,youneedtomakethechangesdefinedathttps://developer.chrome.com/devtools/docs/remote-debugging#configure-webview.WehavealreadymadethechangesintestApp.Initially,wewillgetthetestAppasshowninfollowingscreenshot:

Inthissection,wearegoingtotakealookatinteractingwiththewebview:

1. Updatethedesiredcapabilitiesinthesetup()methodtolaunchthehybridapp,asfollows:

Fileapp=newFile("C:\\Appium_test\\testApp.apk");//(Onwindow

platform)

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP,app);

caps.setCapability("avd","AVD_Nexus_4");//MentionthecreatedAVDname

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP_PACKAGE,"

com.example.testapp");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP_ACTIVITY,"MainActivity");

2. WeneedtofindtheEditboxtotypeinthedesiredURL(https://www.google.com)toopen;here,wearegoingtofindanelementbyID:

WebElement

editBox=driver.findElement(By.id("com.example.testapp:id/urlField"));

editBox.sendKeys("https://www.google.com");

3. Now,weneedtofindtheGobutton;inthissection,wearegoingtofindanelementbyname:

WebElementgoButton=driver.findElement(By.name("Go"));

4. ClickontheGobuttontoopentheURLinthewebview:

goButton.click();

5. Wethenneedtoswitchonthewebviewtotakefurtheraction.Wecangetthelistofcontextsusingthefollowingcommand:

Set<String>contexts=driver.getContextHandles();

for(Stringcontext:contexts){

System.out.println(context);//itwillprintthelistofcontextslike

NATIVE_APP\nWEBVIEW_com.example.testapp

}

6. Now,switchonthewebviewusingthiscommand:

driver.context("WEBVIEW_com.example.testapp");

Youcanalsousethis:

driver.context((String)contextNames.toArray()[1]);

7. Now,youcaninteractwiththeGooglepage;here,wearegoingtoclickontheImagestabandfindanelementbylinkText:

WebElementimages=driver.findElement(By.linkText("Images"));

images.click();

8. RunyourscriptusingTestNG;itshouldlooklikethefollowingblockofcode:

publicclassTestAppIication{

AndroidDriverdriver;

@BeforeClass

publicvoidsetUp()throwsMalformedURLException{

DesiredCapabilitiescaps=newDesiredCapabilities();

Fileapp=newFile("/Users/mhans/appium/ios/webViewApp.app");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP,app");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_VERSION,"4.4");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_NAME,

"Android");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME,"Android

emulator");

caps.setCapability("avd","AVD_Nexus_4");//Mentionthecreated

AVDname

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.AUTOMATION_NAME,

"Appium");//UseSelendroidincaseof<4.4androidversion

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP_PACKAGE,

"com.example.testapp");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP_ACTIVITY,

"com.example.testapp.MainActivity");

driver=newAndroidDriver(new

URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"),caps);

driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30,TimeUnit.SECONDS);

}

@Test

publicvoidtestExample(){

WebElement

editBox=driver.findElement(By.id("com.example.testapp:id/urlField"));

editBox.sendKeys("https://www.google.com");

WebElementgoButton=driver.findElement(By.name("Go"));

goButton.click();

Set<String>contexts=driver.getContextHandles();

for(Stringcontext:contexts){

System.out.println(context);//itwillprintNATIVE_APP\n

WEBVIEW_com.example.testapp

}

driver.context((String)contexts.toArray()[1]);

WebElementimages=driver.findElement(By.linkText("Images"));

images.click();

}

@AfterClass

publicvoidtearDown(){

driver.closeApp();

}

}

iOShybridappsHere,wearegoingtotakeanexampleofWebViewApp.Youcangetitfromhttps://github.com/manojhans/Appium/blob/master/Application/iOS/Hybrid/WebViewApp7.1.app.zip?raw=true.Afterdownloadingit,extractittoalocalfolder(forexample,/Users/mhans/appium/ios/WebViewApp.app).Initially,thewebViewAppwilllooklikethefollowingscreenshot:

Inthissection,wearegoingtolookatinteractingwiththewebview:

1. Updatethedesiredcapabilitiesinthesetup()methodtolaunchthehybridapp:

Fileapp=newFile("/Users/mhans/appium/ios/WebViewApp.app");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP,app);

2. WeneedtofindtheeditboxtotypeinthedesiredURL(https://www.google.com)toopen;here,wearegoingtofindanelementbyclassName:

WebElementeditBox=driver.findElement(By.className("UIATextField"));

editBox.sendKeys("www.google.com");

3. Now,weneedtofindtheGobutton;wearegoingtofindanelementbyname:

WebElementgoButton=driver.findElement(By.name("Go"));

4. ClickontheGobuttontoopentheURLinthewebview:

goButton.click();

5. Now,weneedtoswitchonthewebviewtotakefurtheraction.Wecanviewthelistofcontextsusingthefollowingcommand:

Set<String>contexts=driver.getContextHandles();

for(Stringcontext:contexts){

System.out.println(context);//itwillprintthelistofcontextslike

NATIVE_APP\nWEBVIEW_1

}

6. Now,switchonthewebviewusingthiscommand:

driver.context("WEBVIEW_com.example.testapp");

Alternatively,youcanalsousethiscommand:

driver.context((String)contextNames.toArray()[1]);

7. NowyoucaninteractwiththeGooglepage.Here,wearegoingtoclickontheImagestab;let’sfindanelementusinglinkText:

WebElementimages=driver.findElement(By.linkText("Images"));

images.click();

8. RunyourscriptusingTestNG;itshouldlooklikethefollowingblockofcode:

publicclassTestAppIication{

IOSDriverdriver;

@BeforeClass

publicvoidsetUp()throwsMalformedURLException{

DesiredCapabilitiescaps=newDesiredCapabilities();

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_VERSION,"8.1");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_NAME,"iOS");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME,"iPhone5");

driver=newIOSDriver(newURL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"),

caps);

driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30,TimeUnit.SECONDS);

}

@Test

publicvoidtestExample(){

WebElementeditBox=driver.findElement(By.className("UIATextField"));

editBox.sendKeys("https://www.google.com");

WebElementgoButton=driver.findElement(By.name("Go"));

goButton.click();

Set<String>contexts=driver.getContextHandles();

for(Stringcontext:contexts){

System.out.println(context);//itwillprintNATIVE_APP\n

WEBVIEW_com.example.testapp

}

driver.context((String)contexts.toArray()[1]);

WebElementimages=driver.findElement(By.linkText("Images"));

images.click();

}

@AfterClass

publicvoidtearDown(){

driver.closeApp();

}

}

SummaryInthischapter,welookedathowtoexecutetestscriptsofnative,hybrid,andmobilewebappsonaniOSsimulatorandAndroidemulator.Welearnedhoweasilywecanperformactionsonnativemobileappsandalsolearnedaboutthedesiredcapabilitiesthatarerequired.WelearnedhowtoloadthenativebrowserinanAndroidemulatorandthenecessarycapabilitiestostartwith.

WesawhowwecanstarttheSafaribrowserinasimulatorandsetupthedesiredcapabilitiestotestwebapplications.Lastly,welookedathoweasilywecanautomatehybridappsandswitchfromnativetowebview.

Inthenextchapter,wewilltakealookatAppiumdriversonrealdevices.

Chapter6.DrivingAppiumonRealDevicesItisreallygoodtoknowthatwecanautomatemobileappsonrealdevices.Appiumprovidesthesupportforautomatingappsonrealdevices.Wecantesttheappsinaphysicaldeviceandexperiencethelookandfeelthatanenduserwould.

Inthischapter,wewilllearnthefollowingtopics:

DialerappautomationonanAndroidrealdeviceRegistrationformautomationonanAndroidrealdeviceGmailloginautomationwithChromebrowseronanAndroidrealdeviceBodyMassIndex(BMI)calculatorautomationonaniOSrealdeviceMobilehybridappautomationonaniOSrealdeviceWebappautomationwithSafarionaniOSrealdevice

ImportantinitialpointsBeforestartingwithAppium,makesurethatyouhaveallthenecessarysoftwareinstalled.Let’stakealookattheprerequisitesforAndroidandiOS:

PrerequisitesforAndroid PrerequisitesforiOS

Java(Version7orlater) MacOS(Version10.7orlater)

TheAndroidSDKAPI,Version17orhigher Xcode(Version4.6.3orhigher;5.1isrecommended)

ArealAndroiddevice AniOSprovisionalprofile

Chromebrowseronarealdevice AniOSrealdevice

Eclipse TheSafariLauncherapp

TestNG ios-webkit-debug-proxy

TheAppiumServer JavaVersion7

TheAppiumclientlibrary(Java) Eclipse

SeleniumServerandWebDriverJavalibrary TestNG

TheApkInfoapp TheAppiumserver

TheAppiumclientlibrary(Java)

SeleniumServerandWebDriverJavalibrary

WhileworkingwiththeAndroidrealdevice,weneedtoenableUSBdebuggingunderDeveloperoptions.ToenableUSBdebugging,wehavetoperformthefollowingsteps:

1. NavigatetoSettings|AboutPhoneandtaponBuildnumberseventimes(assumingthatyouhaveAndroidVersion4.2ornewer);then,returntothepreviousscreenandfindDeveloperoptions,asshowninthefollowingscreenshot:

2. TaponDeveloperoptionsandthentapontheONswitchtoswitchonthedevelopersettings(Youwillgetanalerttoallowdevelopersettings;justclickontheOKbutton.).MakesurethattheUSBdebuggingoptionischecked,asshownhere:

3. Afterperformingtheprecedingsteps,youhavetouseaUSBcabletoconnectyourAndroiddevicewiththedesktop.MakesureyouhaveinstalledtheappropriateUSB

driverforyourdevicebeforedoingthis.Afterconnecting,youwillgetanalertonyourdeviceaskingyoutoallowUSBdebugging;justtaponOK.

Toensurethatwearereadytoautomateappsonthedevice,performthefollowingsteps:

1. OpenCommandPromptorterminal(onMac).2. TypeadbdevicesandpresstheEnterbutton.

YouwillgetalistofAndroiddevices;ifnot,thentrytokillandstarttheadbserverwiththeadbkill-serverandadbstart-servercommands.

Now,we’vecometothecodingpart.First,weneedtosetthedesiredcapabilitiesandinitiateanAndroid/iOSdrivertoworkwithAppiumonarealdevice.Let’sdiscussthemonebyone.

DesiredcapabilitiesforAndroidandinitiatingtheAndroiddriverWehavetwowaystosetthedesiredcapabilities,onewiththeAppiumGUIandtheotherbyinitiatingthedesiredcapabilitiesobject.

Usingthedesiredcapabilitiesobjectispreferable;otherwise,wehavetochangethedesiredcapabilitiesintheGUIrepeatedlywheneverwearetestinganothermobileapp.

Let’stakealookattheAppiumGUIsettingsfornativeandhybridapps:

PerformthefollowingstepstosettheAndroidSettings:

1. ClickontheAndroidSettingsicon.2. SelectApplicationPathandprovidethepathoftheapp.3. ClickonPackageandchoosetheappropriatepackagefromthedrop-downmenu.4. ClickonLaunchActivityandchooseanactivityfromthedrop-downmenu.

NoteIftheapplicationisalreadyinstalledontherealdevice,thenwedon’tneedtofollow

steps2-4.Inthiscase,wehavetoinstalltheApkInfoapponthedevicetoknowthepackageandactivitiesoftheappandsetthemusingthedesiredcapabilitiesobject,whichwewillseeinthenextsection.Youcaneasilygetthe‘Apkinfo’appfromtheAndroidPlayStore.

5. SelectPlatformVersionfromthedropdown.6. SelectDeviceNameandtypeinadevicename(Forexample,MotoX).7. Now,starttheAppiumServer.

PerformthefollowingstepstosettheAndroidSettingsforwebapps:

1. ClickontheAndroidSettingsicon.2. SelectPlatformVersionfromthedropdown.3. SelectUseBrowserandchooseChromefromthedropdown.4. SelectDeviceNameandtypeinadevicename(Forexample,MotoX).5. Now,starttheAppiumServer.

Let’sdiscusshowtoinitiatethedesiredcapabilitiesobjectandsetthecapabilities.

DesiredcapabilitiesfornativeandhybridappsWehavealreadydiscusseddesiredcapabilitiesinChapter1,Appium–ImportantConceptualBackground,soherewewilldirectlydiveintothecodewithcomments.First,weneedtoimportthefollowingpackages:

importjava.io.File;

importorg.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;

importio.appium.java_client.remote.MobileCapabilityType;

Now,let’ssetthedesiredcapabilitiesforthenativeandhybridapps:

DesiredCapabilitiescaps=newDesiredCapabilities();//Tocreateanobject

Fileapp=newFile("pathoftheapk");//Tocreatefileobjecttospecifythe

apppath

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP,app);//Ifappisalready

installedonthedevicethennoneedtosetthiscapability.

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_VERSION,"4.4");//Toset

theAndroidversion

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_NAME,"Android");//Toset

theOSname

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME,"MotoX");//Youcan

changethedevicenameasyours.

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP_PACKAGE,"packagenameofyour

app(youcangetitfromapkinfoapp)");//Tospecifytheandroidapp

package

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP_ACTIVITY,"Launchactivityof

yourapp(youcangetitfromapkinfoapp)");//Tospecifytheactivity

whichwewanttolaunch

DesiredcapabilitiesforwebappsInAndroidmobilewebapps,someofthecapabilitiesthatweusedinnativeandhybridappssuchasAPP,APPPACKAGE,andAPPACTIVITYarenotneededbecausewelaunchabrowserhere.First,weneedtoimportthefollowingpackages:

importjava.io.File;

importorg.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;

importio.appium.java_client.remote.MobileCapabilityType;

Now,let’ssetthedesiredcapabilitiesforthewebapps:

DesiredCapabilitiescaps=newDesiredCapabilities();//Tocreateanobject

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_VERSION,"4.4");//Toset

theandroidversion

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_NAME,"Android");//Toset

theOSname

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME,"MotoX");//Youcan

changethedevicenameasyours

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.BROWSER_NAME,"Chrome");//To

launchtheChromebrowser

Wearedonewiththedesiredcapabilitypart;now,wehavetoinitiatetheAndroiddrivertoconnectwiththeAppiumServerbyimportingthefollowingpackages:

importio.appium.java_client.android.AndroidDriver;

importjava.net.URL;

Then,initiatetheAndroiddriverasshownhere:

AndroidDriverdriver=newAndroidDriver(new

URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"),caps);//TOpasstheurlwhereAppium

serverisrunning

ThiswilllaunchtheappintheAndroidrealdeviceusingtheconfigurationsspecifiedinthedesiredcapabilities.

Installingprovisionalprofile,SafariLauncher,andios-webkit-debug-proxyBeforemovingontothedesiredcapabilitiesforiOS,wehavetomakesurethatwehavesetupaprovisionalprofileandinstalledtheSafariLauncherappandios-webkit-debug-proxytoworkwiththerealdevice.

First,let’sdiscusstheprovisionalprofile.

ProvisionalprofileThisprofileisusedtodeployanapponarealiOSdevice.Todothis,weneedtojointheiOSDeveloperProgram(https://developer.apple.com/programs/ios/).

Forthis,youwillhavetopayUSD99.Now,visithttps://developer.apple.com/library/ios/documentation/IDEs/Conceptual/AppDistributionGuide/MaintainingProfiles/MaintainingProfiles.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40012582-CH30-SW24togeneratetheprofile.

Afterthis,youwillalsoneedtoinstallprovisionalprofileonyourrealdevice;todothis,performthefollowingsteps:

1. Downloadthegeneratedprovisionalprofile.2. ConnecttheiOSdevicetoaMacusingaUSBcable.3. OpenXcode(version6)andclickonDevicesundertheWindowmenu,asshown

here:

4. Now,contextclickontheconnecteddeviceandclickonShowProvisionalProfiles…:

5. Clickon+,selectthedownloadedprofile,andthenclickontheDonebutton,asshowninthefollowingscreenshot:

SafariLauncherappandios-webkit-debug-proxyTheSafariLauncherappisusedtolaunchtheSafaribrowseronarealdeviceforwebapptesting.YouwillneedtobuildanddeploytheSafariLauncherapponarealiOSdevicetoworkwiththeSafaribrowser.Todothis,youneedtoperformthefollowingsteps:

1. Downloadthesourcecodefromhttps://github.com/snevesbarros/SafariLauncher/archive/master.zip.

2. OpenXcodeandthenopentheSafariLauncherproject.3. Selectthedevicetodeploytheapponandclickonthebuildbutton.4. Afterthis,weneedtochangetheSafariLauncherappinAppium.dmg;todothis,

performthefollowingsteps:

1. Right-clickonAppium.dmg.2. ClickonShowPackageContentsandnavigateto

Contents/Resources/node_modules/appium/build/SafariLauncher.3. Now,extractSafariLauncher.zip.4. Navigatetosubmodules/SafariLauncher/build/Release-iphoneosand

replacetheSafariLauncherappwithyourapp.5. ZipsubmodulesandrenameitasSafariLauncher.zip.

Now,weneedtoinstalltheios-webkit-debug-proxyonMactoestablishaconnectioninordertoaccessthewebview.Toinstalltheproxy,youcanusebrewandrunthecommandbrewinstallios-webkit-debug-proxyintheterminal(thiswillinstallthelatesttaggedversion),oryoucancloneitfromGitandinstallitusingthefollowingsteps:

1. Opentheterminal,typegitclonehttps://github.com/google/ios-webkit-debug-proxy.git,andthenclickontheEnterbutton.

2. Then,enterthefollowingcommands:

cdios-webkit-debug-proxy

./autogen.sh

./configure

make

sudomakeinstall

Wearenowallsettotestwebandhybridapps.Next,it’stimetomoveontothedesiredcapabilitiesforiOS.

DesiredcapabilitiesforiOSandinitiatingtheiOSdriverSimilartoAndroid,wecansetthedesiredcapabilitiesusingtheAppiumGUIandbyinitiatingthedesiredcapabilitiesobject.Let’sdiscusstheAppiumGUIsettingsfornativeandhybridapps.ThefollowingscreenwillbedisplayedwhentheiOSSettingsiconisclicked:

PerformthefollowingstepstosettheiOSsettingsfornativeandhybridapps:

1. ClickontheiOSSettingsicon.2. SelectAppPathandprovidethepathoftheapplication.3. SelectUDIDandtypeinthedeviceidentifier.Forthedeviceidentifier,weneedto

performthefollowingsteps:

1. ConnectiOSdevicetoaMacusingaUSBcable.2. OpenXcode(Version6)andclickonDevicesfromtheWindowmenu.3. SelectConnecteddevice.4. UnderDeviceInformation,youwillgetanidentifier.WecanalsogettheUDID

fromiTunesbyclickingonSerialNumber.

4. UnderDeviceInformation,youwillgetanidentifier.5. SelectPlatformVersionfromthedropdown;youcanalsotypeintheplatform

version(forexample,8.1).6. Now,starttheAppiumServer.

Let’ssettheAppiumGUIsettingsforwebapps:

PerformthefollowingstepstosettheiOSsettingsforwebapps:

1. ClickontheiOSSettingsicon.2. SelectUseMobileSafari.3. SelectUDIDandtypeinthedeviceidentifier.4. SelectPlatformVersionfromthedropdownoryoucanalsotypeinone(for

example,8.1).5. Now,starttheAppiumServer.

Now,let’stakealookathowtoinitiatethedesiredcapabilitiesobjectandsetthecapabilities.

DesiredcapabilitiesfornativeandhybridAppsWehavealreadydiscussedthedesiredcapabilitiesforiOSinChapter1,Appium–ImportantConceptualBackground,soherewewilldirectlydiveintothecodewithcomments.First,weneedtoimportthefollowingpackages:

importjava.io.File;

importorg.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;

importio.appium.java_client.remote.MobileCapabilityType;

Now,let’ssetthedesiredcapabilitiesforthenativeandhybridapps:

DesiredCapabilitiescaps=newDesiredCapabilities();//Tocreateanobject

ofdesiredcapabilities

Fileapp=newFile("pathofthe.app");//Tocreateafileobjecttospecify

theapppath

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP,app);//Tosettheapppath

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_VERSION,"8.1");//Toset

theiOSversion

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_NAME,"iOS");//Tosetthe

OSname

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME,"iPad");//Typedevice

name

caps.setCapability("udid","RealDeviceId");//TospecifytheUDIDofthe

device

DesiredcapabilitiesforwebappsIniOSmobilewebapps,someofthecapabilitiesthatweusedinnativeandhybridappssuchasAPP,APPPACKAGE,andAPPACTIVITYarenotneededbecausewelaunchabrowserhere.First,weneedtoimportthefollowingpackages:

importjava.io.File;

importorg.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;

importio.appium.java_client.remote.MobileCapabilityType;

Now,let’ssetthedesiredcapabilitiesforthewebapps:

DesiredCapabilitiescaps=newDesiredCapabilities();//Tocreateanobject

ofdesiredcapabilities

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_VERSION,"8.1");//Toset

theiOSversion

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_NAME,"iOS");//Tosetthe

OSname

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME,"iPad");//Totypethe

devicename

caps.setCapability("udid","RealDeviceId");//TospecifytheUDIDofreal

device

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.BROWSER_NAME,"Safari");//Tolaunch

theSafaribrowser

Wearedonewiththedesiredcapabilitiespart;now,wehavetoinitiatetheiOSdrivertoconnecttotheAppiumServerbyimportingthefollowingpackages:

importio.appium.java_client.ios.IOSDriver;

importjava.net.URL;

Then,initiatetheiOSDriverasshownhere:

IOSDriverdriver=newIOSDriver(new

URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"),caps);//TopasstheurlwhereAppium

serverisrunning

Thiswilllaunchtheappinthesimulatorusingtheconfigurationsspecifiedinthedesiredcapabilities.Now,youcanusethefollowingclassforscriptswithTestNG:

importio.appium.java_client.ios.IOSDriver;

importio.appium.java_client.remote.MobileCapabilityType;

importjava.io.File;

importjava.net.MalformedURLException;

importjava.net.URL;

importjava.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

importorg.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;

importorg.testng.annotations.AfterClass;

importorg.testng.annotations.BeforeClass;

importorg.testng.annotations.Test;

publicclassTestAppIication{

IOSDriverdriver;

@BeforeClass//Itwillexecuteonetimebeforeexecutealltestcases

publicvoidsetUp()throwsMalformedURLException{

//Setupdesiredcapabilities

DesiredCapabilitiescaps=newDesiredCapabilities();

Fileapp=newFile("pathofthe.app");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP,app);

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_VERSION,"8.1");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_NAME,"iOS");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME,"iPad");

caps.setCapability("udid","RealDeviceId");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.BROWSER_NAME,"Safari");//In

caseofweb-apps

driver=newIOSDriver(newURL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"),caps);

driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30,TimeUnit.SECONDS);

}

@Test

publicvoidtestExample(){

//Wewillputtestscriptshere

}

@AfterClass

publicvoidtearDown(){

driver.closeApp();

//driver.quit();//incaseofwebapps

}

}

AutomatingnativeappsNativeappsarebasicallydevelopedforaparticularplatformandcantakeadvantageofthedevice’sfeatures.Oneimportantpointtonoteisthattheseappscanworkevenwhenyouareoffline.Youcaninstallthemdirectlyontothedeviceorthroughapplicationstores,suchasGooglePlayortheAppleAppStore.

AndroidnativeappsInthecaseofAndroidautomation,thesamecodethatwasusedinthepreviouschapterwillworkwhentestingwithanemulator,butweneedtoremovetheavdcapabilitiesfromtheemulatorautomationcode.

Here,wearegoingtotakeanexampleoftheAndroiddialerapp.Inthissection,wewillmakeacallwiththeAndroiddialerapp,whichisshowninthefollowingscreenshot:

Let’sstartwiththefollowingstepstoautomatethedialerapp:

1. Setthedesiredcapabilitiestolaunchthedialerapp,asfollows:

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP_PACKAGE,

"com.android.dialer");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP_ACTIVITY,

"com.android.dialer.DialtactsActivity");

2. Now,weneedtofindthedialpadicon;wearegoingtofinditbyAccessibityId,asfollows:

WebElementdialPad=driver.findElementByAccessibilityId("dialpad"));

3. Now,weneedtoclickontheiconusing:

dialPad.click();

4. Weneedtofindthenumberskeyinordertodial.Here,wearegoingtoputsomelogictofindthenumbers(0to9)bynameandclickonthemonebyone:

for(intn=0;n<10;n++){

driver.findElement(By.name(""+n+"")).click();

}

Thisloopwillexecute10timesandwillpassthevalueinsidethelocatorfromthenumbers0to9.

5. Here,weareusingawrongphonenumbersothatthedevicedoesn’tmakeacalltoanyone;itwillendwithaninvalidnumber.

6. Now,weneedfindthedialicontomakethecall;wearegoingtofinditbyAccessibilityId:

WebElementdial=driver.findElementByAccessibilityId("dial"));

7. Now,clickontheicontomakethecall:

dial.click();

8. RunyourscriptusingTestNG;thisishowitshouldlook:

publicclassTestAppIication{

AndroidDriverdriver;

@BeforeClass

publicvoidsetUp()throwsMalformedURLException{

DesiredCapabilitiescaps=newDesiredCapabilities();

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_VERSION,"4.4");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_NAME,"Android");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME,"MotoX");//Iam

usingMotoXasRealDevice

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP_PACKAGE,

"com.android.dialer");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP_ACTIVITY,

"com.android.dialer.DailtactsActivity");

driver=newAndroidDriver(newURL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"),

caps);

driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30,TimeUnit.SECONDS);

}

@Test

publicvoidtestExample(){

WebElementdialPad=driver.findElementByAccessibilityId("dialpad");

dialPad.click();

for(intn=0;n<10;n++){

driver.findElement(By.name(""+n+"")).click();

}

WebElementdial=driver.findElementByAccessibilityId("dial");

dial.click();

}

@AfterClass

publicvoidtearDown(){

driver.closeApp();

}

}

iOSnativeappsHere,wearegoingtotakeanexampleoftheBMIcalculator;youcangetitfromhttps://github.com/manojhans/Appium/blob/master/Application/iOS/Real_Device/Native/BMICalc.zip?raw=true.

Youcanalsodownloadthesourcecodefromhttps://github.com/soroushjp/BMICalc_iOS/archive/master.zipandbuilditforarealdevice.YoucanusethesamestepstobuildtheBMICalcthatweusedfortheSafariLaucherappearlierinthischapter.Initially,wewillgettheBMIcalculatorasshowninfollowingscreenshot:

Inthissection,wewillcalculatethebodymassindexaspertheheightandweight.Todothis,weneedtoperformthefollowingsteps:

1. Updatethedesiredcapabilitiesinthesetup()methodtolaunchtheBMICalc:

Fileapp=newFile("/Users/mhans/appium/ios/BmiCalc.app");//Youcan

changeitwithyourappaddress

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP,app);//Tosettheapppath

2. Now,wehavetofindtheelementstotypeintheheightandweighttextbox;wewillfindthembyXpath:

WebElementheight=driver.findElement(By.xpath("(//UIATextField)[2]"));

WebElementweight=driver.findElement(By.xpath("(//UIATextField)[4]"));

3. Now,weneedtofindthecalculatebutton;wearegoingtofinditbyname:

WebElementcalculateBMI=driver.findElement(By.name("CalculateBMI"));

4. Nowtypeavalueinthefirstbox:

height.sendKeys("1.82");

5. Typeavalueinthesecondbox:

weight.sendKeys("75");

6. Now,clickontheCalculateBMIbutton:

calculateBMI.click();

7. RunyourscriptusingTestNG;thisishowitshouldlook:

publicclassTestAppIication{

IOSDriverdriver;

@BeforeClass

publicvoidsetUp()throwsMalformedURLException{

Fileapp=newFile("/Users/mhans/appium/ios/BmiCalc.app");//Youcan

changeitwithyourappaddress

DesiredCapabilitiescaps=newDesiredCapabilities();

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP,app);

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_VERSION,"8.1");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_NAME,"iOS");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME,"iPad");

caps.setCapability("udid","RealDeviceId");

driver=newIOSDriver(newURL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"),

caps);

driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30,TimeUnit.SECONDS);

}

@Test

publicvoidtestExample(){

WebElementheight=driver.findElement(By.xpath("(//UIATextField)

[2]"));

height.sendKeys("1.82");

WebElementweight=driver.findElement(By.xpath("(//UIATextField)

[4]"));

weight.sendKeys("75");

WebElementcalculateBMI=driver.findElement(By.name("CalculateBMI"));

calculateBMI.click();

}

@AfterClass

publicvoidtearDown(){

driver.closeApp();

}

}

WorkingwithwebappsWebappscanberunonanydeviceorplatform.TheonlyrequirementforrunningthemisawebbrowserandanInternetconnection;thebestpartisthatyoudon’tneedtoinstalltheapponthedevice.Webappsaregenerallydesignedwithcross-browsercompatibility.

WebappsonAndroidWewilltaketheexampleoftheGmailloginpage.Inthissection,wearegoingtotakealookathowtoloadtheChromebrowseronarealdeviceandthentypeininvalidcredentialsandclickontheSigninbuttonthatisshowninthefollowingscreenshot:

Let’sstartwiththefollowingstepstoautomatethewebapps:

1. SetthedesiredcapabilitiestolaunchtheChromebrowser:

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.BROWSER_NAME,"Chrome");

2. Now,weneedtonavigatetohttps://www.gmail.comusingthedriver.get("https://www.gmail.com");command.

3. Weneedtofindtheusernameboxelement(wecantakeareferencefromChapter4,FindingElementswithDifferentLocators,tofindanelement);inthissection,wearegoingtofindanelementbyname:

WebElementusername=driver.findElement(By.name("Email"));

4. Now,weneedtypeintotheusernamebox:

username.sendKeys("test");

5. Weneedtofindthepasswordboxelement;inthissection,wearegoingtofindanelementbyname:

WebElementpassword=driver.findElement(By.name("Passwd"));

6. Now,weneedtotypeintothepasswordboxelement:

password.sendKeys("test");

7. WeneedtofindtheSigninbutton;inthissection,wearegoingtofindanelementbyname:

WebElementsignIn=driver.findElement(By.name("signIn"));

8. Now,weneedtoperformaclickonit:

signIn.click();

9. RunyourscriptusingTestNG;thisishowitshouldlook:

publicclassTestAppIication{

AndroidDriverdriver;

@BeforeClass

publicvoidsetUp()throwsMalformedURLException{

DesiredCapabilitiescaps=newDesiredCapabilities();

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.BROWSER_NAME,"Chrome");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_VERSION,"4.4");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_NAME,"Android");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME,"MotoX");

driver=newAndroidDriver(newURL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"),

caps);

driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30,TimeUnit.SECONDS);

}

@Test

publicvoidtestExample(){

driver.get("https://www.gmail.com");

WebElementusername=driver.findElement(By.name("Email"));

username.sendKeys("test");

WebElementpassword=driver.findElement(By.name("Passwd"));

password.sendKeys("test");

WebElementsignIn=driver.findElement(By.name("signIn"));

signIn.click();}

@AfterClass

publicvoidtearDown(){

driver.quit();

}

}

WebappsoniOSWearegoingtotakeanexampleoftheGooglesearchpage.Inthissection,wearegoingtotakealookathowtoloadthebrowseronarealiOSdeviceandthentypedataintheGooglesearchboxshowninthefollowingscreenshot:

Let’sstartwiththefollowingstepstoautomatewebapps:

1. Updatethedesiredcapabilitiesinthesetup()methodtolaunchtheSafaribrowser:

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.BROWSER_NAME,"Safari");

2. Now,weneedtonavigatetohttps://www.google.comusingthedriver.get("https://www.google.com");command.

3. WeneedtofindthesearchBoxelement;inthissection,wearegoingtofindanelementbyname:

WebElementsearchBox=driver.findElement(By.name("q"));

4. Now,weneedtotypeintothesearchbox:

searchBox.sendKeys("Appiumformobileautomation");

5. Beforerunningthetestscript,weneedtostarttheproxyusingthefollowingcommand:

ios_webkit_debug_proxy-c

2e5n6f615z66e98c1d07d22ee09658130d345443:27753–d

Replace2e5n6f615z66e98c1d07d22ee09658130d345443withtheattacheddevice’sUDIDandmakesurethattheportissetto27753.

6. MakesurethattheWebInspectoristurnedONonarealdevice(Settings|Safari|Advanced)andtheSafariLauncherappisinstalled:

7. RunyourscriptusingTestNG;thisishowitshouldlook:

publicclassTestAppIication{

IOSDriverdriver;

@BeforeClass

publicvoidsetUp()throwsMalformedURLException{

DesiredCapabilitiescaps=newDesiredCapabilities();

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.BROWSER_NAME,"Safari");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_VERSION,"8.1");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_NAME,"iOS");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME,"iPad");

caps.setCapability("udid","RealDeviceIdentifier");

driver=newIOSDriver(newURL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"),

caps);

driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30,TimeUnit.SECONDS);

}

@Test

publicvoidtestExample(){

driver.get("https://www.google.com");

WebElementsearchBox=driver.findElement(By.name("q"));

searchBox.sendKeys("Appiumformobileautomation");

}

@AfterClass

publicvoidtearDown(){

driver.quit();

}

}

AutomatinghybridappsAhybridappisacombinationofnativeandwebapps.Similartonativeapps,youcangethybridappsthroughanapplicationstore.Nowadays,hybridappsareverypopularbecausetheyprovideacross-platformsolutionanddisplaythecontentthattheygetfromtheWebratherthanthecontentsinstalledonthedeviceonly.

AndroidhybridappsHere,wewilltakeanexampleoftheHybridtestapp;youcangetitfromhttps://github.com/manojhans/Appium/blob/master/Application/Android/Hybrid/Hybridtestapp.zip?raw=true.

IfyouareworkingwithanAndroidversionhigherthan4.4,thenyouhavetouseSelendroid(inthatcase,youhavetosetthecapabilityas(MobileCapabilityType.AUTOMATION_NAME,"Selendroid"));otherwise,Appiumhasbuilt-insupportthroughtheChromeDriver.

Whileworkingwithhybridapps,youneedtomakethechangesdefinedathttps://developer.chrome.com/devtools/docs/remote-debugging#configure-webview.WehavealreadymadethesechangesinHybridtestapp.Initially,wewillgettheHybridtestappasshowninfollowingscreenshot:

Inthissection,wewillinteractwithwebviewandfilltheregistrationformbyperformingthefollowingsteps:

1. Setthedesiredcapabilitiestolaunchthehybridapp:

Fileapp=newFile("C:\\Appium_test\\HybridtestApp.apk");//(Onwindow

platform)

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP,app);

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP_PACKAGE,

"com.example.hybridtestapp");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP_ACTIVITY,

"com.example.hybridtestapp.MainActivity");

2. Weneedtoswitchonthewebviewtotakeactionontheregistrationform.Wecanhavethelistofcontextsusingthefollowingcommand:

Set<String>contexts=driver.getContextHandles();

for(Stringcontext:contexts){

System.out.println(context);//itwillprintthelistofcontextslike

NATIVE_APP\nWEBVIEW_com.example.hybridtestapp

}

3. Now,switchonthewebviewusingthiscommand:

driver.context("WEBVIEW_com.example.hybridtestapp");

Alternatively,youcanusethefollowingcommand:

driver.context((String)contextNames.toArray()[1]);

Makesurethatalltheotherappsareclosedbeforeyouexecutethescripts.

4. Onceweareinsidewebview,weneedtofindtheFirstNameboxtotypein;here,wearegoingtofindanelementbyname:

WebElementfirstName=driver.findElement(By.name("fname"));

firstName.sendKeys("test");

5. WeneedtofindtheLastNameboxtotypein;here,wearegoingtofindanelementbyname:

WebElementlastName=driver.findElement(By.name("lname"));

lastName.sendKeys("test");

6. WeneedtofindtheAgeboxtotypein;here,wearegoingtofindanelementbyname:

WebElementage=driver.findElement(By.name("age"));

age.sendKeys("26");

7. WeneedtofindtheUserNameboxtotypein;here,wearegoingtofindanelementbyname:

WebElementusername=driver.findElement(By.name("username"));

username.sendKeys("appiumTester");

8. WeneedtofindthePasswordboxtotypein;here,wearegoingtofindanelementbyid:

WebElementpassword=driver.findElement(By.id("psw"));

password.sendKeys("appium@123");

9. WeneedtofindtheRegisterbuttontosubmittheform;wearegoingtofindanelementbyid:

WebElementregisterButton=driver.findElement(By.id("register"));

registerButton.click();

10. RunyourscriptusingTestNG;thisishowitshouldlook:

publicclassTestAppIication{

AndroidDriverdriver;

@BeforeClass

publicvoidsetUp()throwsMalformedURLException{

Fileapp=newFile("C:\\Appium_test\\HybridtestApp.apk");//

(Onwindowplatform)

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP,app);

DesiredCapabilitiescaps=newDesiredCapabilities();

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_VERSION,"4.4");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_NAME,"Android");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME,"MotoX");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.AUTOMATION_NAME,

"Appium");//UseSelendroidincaseof<4.4androidversion

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP_PACKAGE,

"com.example.hybridtestapp");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP_ACTIVITY,

"com.example.hybridtestapp.MainActivity");

driver=newAndroidDriver(newURL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"),

caps);

driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30,TimeUnit.SECONDS);

}

@Test

publicvoidtestExample(){

Set<String>contexts=driver.getContextHandles();

for(Stringcontext:contexts){

System.out.println(context);//itwillprintNATIVE_APP\n

WEBVIEW_com.example.hybridtestapp

}

driver.context((String)contexts.toArray()[1]);

WebElementfirstName=driver.findElement(By.name("fname"));

firstName.sendKeys("test");

WebElementlastName=driver.findElement(By.name("lname"));

lastName.sendKeys("test");

WebElementage=driver.findElement(By.name("age"));

age.sendKeys("26");

WebElementusername=driver.findElement(By.name("username"));

username.sendKeys("appiumTester");

WebElementpassword=driver.findElement(By.id("psw"));

password.sendKeys("appium@123");

WebElementregisterButton=driver.findElement(By.id("register"));

registerButton.click();

}

@AfterClass

publicvoidtearDown(){

driver.closeApp();

}

}

iOShybridappsHere,wearegoingtousetheexampleofaWebViewApp.Youcangetitfromhttps://github.com/manojhans/Appium/blob/master/Application/iOS/Real_Device/Hybrid/WebViewApp.zip?raw=trueordownloadthesourcecodefromhttps://github.com/appium/sample-code/archive/master.zipandbuildWebViewAppforrealdevices.

YoucanperformthesamestepstobuildWebViewAppthatyoutookfortheSafariLaucherappearlierinthischapter.Initially,wewillgettheWebViewAppasshowninfollowingscreenshot:

Inthissection,wearegoingtoseehowtointeractwithwebview,asfollows:

1. Updatethedesiredcapabilitiesinthesetup()methodtolaunchthehybridapp:

Fileapp=newFile("/Users/mhans/appium/ios/WebViewApp.app");//Changeit

withyourappaddress

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP,app);

2. WeneedtofindtheeditboxinordertotypeinthedesiredURL(www.google.com)toopen;here,wearegoingtofindanelementbyclassName:

WebElementeditBox=driver.findElement(By.className("UIATextField"));

editBox.sendKeys("www.google.com");

3. Now,weneedtofindtheGobutton;wearegoingtofindanelementbyname:

WebElementgoButton=driver.findElement(By.name("Go"));

ClickontheGobuttontoopentheURLinwebview:

goButton.click();

4. Now,weneedtoswitchonthewebviewtotakefurtheraction;wecanhavethelist

ofcontextsusingthefollowingcommand:

Set<String>contexts=driver.getContextHandles();

for(Stringcontext:contexts){

System.out.println(context);//itwillprintthelistofcontextslike

NATIVE_APP\nWEBVIEW_1

}

5. Now,switchonthewebviewusingthiscommand:

driver.context("WEBVIEW_com.example.testapp");

Youcanalsousethiscommandalternatively:

driver.context((String)contextNames.toArray()[1]);

6. Now,youcaninteractwiththeGooglepage.Here,wearegoingtoclickontheImagestab;let’sfindanelementbylinkText:

WebElementimages=driver.findElement(By.linkText("Images"));

images.click();

7. RunyourscriptusingTestNG.Beforerunningthetestscript,youneedtostarttheproxyusingtheios_webkit_debug_proxy-c2e5n6f615z66e98c1d07d22ee09658130d345443:27753–dcommand.ReplacetheUDIDwiththeattacheddeviceandmakesurethattheportissetto27753.

MakesurethatthewebinspectoristurnedONontherealdevice(Settings|Safari|Advanced)andtheSafariLauncherappisinstalled.Thisishowthetestscriptshouldlook:

publicclassTestAppIication{

IOSDriverdriver;

@BeforeClass

publicvoidsetUp()throwsMalformedURLException{

DesiredCapabilitiescaps=newDesiredCapabilities();

Fileapp=newFile("/Users/mhans/appium/ios/WebViewApp.app");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP,app);

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_VERSION,"8.1");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_NAME,"iOS");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME,"iPad");

caps.setCapability("udid","RealDeviceIdentifier");

driver=newIOSDriver(newURL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"),

caps);

driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30,TimeUnit.SECONDS);

}

@Test

publicvoidtestExample(){

WebElementeditBox=driver.findElement(By.className("UIATextField"));

editBox.sendKeys("https://www.google.com");

WebElementgoButton=driver.findElement(By.name("Go"));

goButton.click();

Set<String>contexts=driver.getContextHandles();

for(Stringcontext:contexts){

System.out.println(context);//itwillprintNATIVE_APP\n

WEBVIEW_com.example.testapp

}

driver.context((String)contexts.toArray()[1]);

WebElementimages=driver.findElement(By.linkText("Images"));

images.click();

}

@AfterClass

publicvoidtearDown(){

driver.closeApp();

}

}

SummaryInthischapter,welookedathowwecanexecutethetestscriptsofnative,hybrid,andwebmobileappsoniOSandAndroidrealdevices.Specifically,welearnedhowtoperformactionsonnativemobileappsandalsogottoknowaboutthedesiredcapabilitiesforrealdevices.WeranatestwiththeAndroidChromebrowserandlearnedhowtoloadtheChromebrowseronanAndroidrealdevicewiththenecessarycapabilities.

WethenmovedontostartingtheSafaribrowseronarealdeviceandsettingupthedesiredcapabilitiestotestwebapplications.Lastly,welookedathoweasilywecanautomatehybridappsandswitchfromnativetowebview.

Inthelastchapter,wewilltakealookatdifferentmobilegestures.

Chapter7.AdvancedUserInteractionsIntheprecedingchapters,wecoveredalotofthingsthatarequitestraightforwardwithAppium.Inthischapter,wewilltakealookatmobilegestures,suchaslongpress,zoom,andswipe.

Inthischapter,wewilllearnaboutthefollowingtopics:

TheadvanceduserinteractionsAPIMobilegestures,suchaslongpress,draganddrop,soonHandlingalerts,spinners(dropdowns),theswitchbutton,andtheslideseekBar.CapturingscreenshotsCapturingscreenshotsontestfailure

ExploringadvanceduserinteractionsInAppium,theadvanceduserinteractionsAPIallowsyoutoperformcomplexmobilegestures,suchasdraganddrop,swipe,andzoombyusingtheTouchActionandMultiTouchActionclasses.Itsimplybuildsacomplexchainofevents,similartowhatusersdomanuallyontheirmobiledevices.Intheupcomingsections,wewillseetheseclassesindetail.

LongpressLongpressisamobilegesturethatiswidelyusedbypeople.Itisawonderfulfeature;mostpeoplesaythatyoushouldtouchandholdinsteadofusinglongpress.Byusinglongpress,youcangetmoreinformationaboutaparticularfeature.Justlikeacontext-clickontheWeb,italsoenablesmultiselectioninmobileapps.

Let’stryandcreatealongpressexampleusingtheTouchActionclass.Here,wearegoingtotakeanexampleofadialerpadonanAndroidrealdevice.Inthissection,wewilllongpressthenumber0anditwillbeconvertedinto+.Todothis,weneedtoperformthefollowingsteps:

1. OpenupEclipseandcreateanAppiumproject.2. Createanewclassthathasthefollowingtestcode:

AndroidDriverdriver;

@BeforeClass

publicvoidsetUp()throwsMalformedURLException{

DesiredCapabilitiescaps=newDesiredCapabilities();

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_VERSION,"4.4");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_NAME,"Android");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME,"MotoX");//Iam

usingMotoXasRealDevice

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP_PACKAGE,

"com.android.dialer");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP_ACTIVITY,

"com.android.dialer.DialtactsActivity");

driver=newAndroidDriver(newURL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"),

caps);

driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30,TimeUnit.SECONDS);

}

@Test

publicvoidtestExample(){

WebElementdialPad=driver.findElementByAccessibilityId("dialpad");

dialPad.click();

TouchActiontAction=newTouchAction(driver);

tAction.longPress(driver.findElement(By.name("0"))).perform();

WebElementresults=

driver.findElementByClassName("android.widget.EditText");

assertresults.getText().equals("+"):"Actualvalueis:

"+results.getText()+"didnotmatchwithexpectedvalue:+";

}

@AfterClass

publicvoidtearDown(){

driver.closeApp();

}

3. Runthetestcode;initially,youshouldseethefollowingscreen:

4. Afterrunningthetestcode,youwillget+inthedialerbox,asshowninthefollowingscreen:

Wejustsawhoweasyitistoperformalongpressonthemobileapp.Forthis,weneedtocreateaTouchActionobjectandusingitsreference,callthelongpressfunction.WethenpasstheMobileElement,wherewewanttoperformthelongpress,andfinallycallperform()tosendtheactioncommandtothemobileapp.

Inthenextsection,wewilltakealookatanothermobilegesture:scrollandswipe.

ScrollandswipeIngeneral,scrollingistheprocessofmovingthevisualportionsofmobileappsinordertoseeadditionalinformation.

Onamobiledevice,youcanuseyourfingertoswipeupordowninordertoscrolldownorscrollupthescreen.Swipingyourfingerupwardswillleadtoascrolldownandswipingdownwillperformascrollup.

Here,wearegoingtotaketheexampleofacontactapptoviewthedesiredcontactdetailsonanAndroiddevice.Inthetestcode,wewillpassthenameNitika.

Let’sseethisinaction,asfollows:

1. CreateanewclassintheexistingAppiumprojectwiththefollowingtestcode:

AndroidDriverdriver;

@BeforeClass

publicvoidsetUp()throwsMalformedURLException{

DesiredCapabilitiescaps=newDesiredCapabilities();

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_VERSION,"4.4");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_NAME,"Android");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME,"MotoX");//Iam

usingMotoXasaRealDevice

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP_PACKAGE,"com.android.contac

ts");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP_ACTIVITY,

"com.android.contacts.activities.PeopleActivity");

driver=newAndroidDriver(newURL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"),

caps);

driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30,TimeUnit.SECONDS);

}

@Test

publicvoidtestExample(){

driver.scrollTo("Nitika");//Youcankeepanothernamewhichisin

yourcontactlist

}

@AfterClass

publicvoidtearDown(){

driver.closeApp();

}

2. Runthetestcode;initially,youshouldseethefollowingscreen:

3. Aftertheexecutionofthetestcode,youshouldseesomethingsimilartothefollowingscreen:

Wehavejustseenscrollingonaparticulartextinthecontactlist.WeneedtocallthescrollTo("text")functionoftheAndroidDrivertoviewthedesiredcontact.Wehaveanotherfunction,scrollToExact("text"),toscrollonthepage,whichwewillseelaterinthischapterwhilehandlingspinners.

Let’screateanexampleofswipingusingthexandyoffsets.Wecanswipethescreenonthebasisofascreencoordinator.Here,wearetakinganexampleoftheGoogleNowLauncher.YoucandownloaditfromthePlayStoreandmakeityourdefaultlauncher.

Inthefollowingexample,wearegoingtoswipetotherightinordertoaccessGoogleNow:

1. Createanewclasswiththefollowingtestcode:

AndroidDriverdriver;

@BeforeClass

publicvoidsetUp()throwsMalformedURLException{

DesiredCapabilitiescaps=newDesiredCapabilities();

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_VERSION,"4.4");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_NAME,"Android");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME,"MotoX");//Iam

usingMotoXasaRealDevice

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP_PACKAGE,

"com.google.android.launcher");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP_ACTIVITY,

"com.google.android.launcher.StubApp");

driver=newAndroidDriver(newURL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"),

caps);

driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30,TimeUnit.SECONDS);

}

@Test

publicvoidtestExample(){

TouchActiontAction=newTouchAction(driver);

tAction.press(300,500).moveTo(600,500).release().perform();//First

taponthescreenandswipeitrightusingmoveTofunction

}

@AfterClass

publicvoidtearDown(){

driver.closeApp();

}

2. Runthetestcode;initially,youshouldseethefollowingscreen:

3. Aftertheexecutionofthetestcode,youshouldseethefollowingscreen:

Wehavejustseenhoweasyitistodoascrollandswipeonthemobiledevice.Inthenextsection,wewilltakealookatthedraganddropgesture.

DraganddropAdraganddropoperationallowsyoutomoveobjectsfromonelocationtoanother.Itisoneofthosemobilegesturesthatcanreallysupportyoutomakeaninterfacesimpletouse.

OnAndroid,ifwepresstheappforashortwhile,itshowstheoptionsUninstallandAppinfoforthepressedapp.Let’swritethetestcodetogettheAppinfooption.Inthecaseofstockapps,youwillgetonlyoneoption,thatis,Appinfo.Here,wearegoingtodragthecalculatorappanddropitinAppinfousingthefollowingsteps.WeareassumingthatyoualreadyhaveGoogleNowLauncher:

1. Createanewclasswiththefollowingtestcode:

AndroidDriverdriver;

@BeforeClass

publicvoidsetUp()throwsMalformedURLException{

DesiredCapabilitiescaps=newDesiredCapabilities();

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_VERSION,"4.4");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_NAME,"Android");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME,"MotoX");//Iam

usingMotoXasaRealDevice

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP_PACKAGE,

"com.google.android.launcher");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP_ACTIVITY,

"com.google.android.launcher.StubApp");

driver=newAndroidDriver(newURL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"),

caps);

driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30,TimeUnit.SECONDS);

}

@Test

publicvoidtestExample(){

MobileElementappsIcon=

(MobileElement)driver.findElementByAccessibilityId("Apps");

appsIcon.click();

MobileElementcalculator=

(MobileElement)driver.findElementByName("Calculator");

TouchActionact=newTouchAction(driver);

act.press(calculator).perform();//wearenotreleasingcalculator

icon

act.moveTo(driver.findElement(By.name("App

info"))).release().perform();//thenmovetheiconintoAppInfoand

nowreleasedtheicon

}

@AfterClass

publicvoidtearDown(){

driver.closeApp();

}

2. Runthetestcode;initially,youshouldseethefollowingscreen:

3. Aftertheexecutionofthetestcode,youshouldseethefollowingscreen:

Here,wesawhoweasilywecanperformadraganddropoperationonthemobiledevice.Intheprecedingtestcode,wepressedthecalculatorappuntiltheAppinfooptionbecamevisible;onceitwasvisible,wedroppedtheappinit.

Inthenextsection,wewillseeanotherusefulmobilegesture:pinchandzoom.

PinchandzoomThepinchandzoomgestureissimilartothedraggesture,butitstartswhenthesecondfingerispressedonthemobilescreen.Fortunately,AppiumalsosupportsmultitouchgesturesusingtheMultiTouchActionclass.YoucanaddmultipleactionssimultaneouslyusingtheMultiTouchActionclass.

Let’screateasequenceofactionsusingtheTouchActionschaingeneratorandthenaddtheseactionsusingtheMultiTouchActionclass.Here,wearetakinganexampleofaniOSapp,whichcanbedownloadedfromhttps://github.com/manojhans/Appium/blob/master/Application/iOS/Native/Zoom.zip?raw=true.

Initially,youwillseethefollowingimage:

Now,let’sperformthefollowingstepstopinchandzoom:

1. Createanewclasswiththefollowingcode:

IOSDriverdriver;

@BeforeClass

publicvoidsetUp()throwsMalformedURLException{

Fileapp=newFile("/Users/mhans/appium/ios/Zoom.app");//Youcan

changeitwithyourappaddress

DesiredCapabilitiescaps=newDesiredCapabilities();

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP,app);

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_VERSION,"8.1");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_NAME,"iOS");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME,"iPad");

caps.setCapability("udid","RealDeviceId");

driver=newIOSDriver(newURL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"),

caps);

driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30,TimeUnit.SECONDS);

}

@Test

publicvoidtestExample(){

intscrHeight=driver.manage().window().getSize().getHeight();//To

getthemobilescreenheight

intscrWidth=driver.manage().window().getSize().getWidth();//Toget

themobilescreenwidth

MultiTouchActionmultiTouch=newMultiTouchAction(driver);

TouchActiontAction0=newTouchAction(driver);

TouchActiontAction1=newTouchAction(driver);

tAction0.press(scrWidth/2,scrHeight/2).waitAction(1000).moveTo(0,60).re

lease();//pressfingercenterofthescreenandthenmoveyaxis

tAction1.press(scrWidth/2,scrHeight/2+40).waitAction(1000).moveTo(0,80)

.release();//pressthumbslightlydownonthecenterofthescreenand

thenmoveyaxis

multiTouch.add(tAction0).add(tAction1);

multiTouch.perform();//nowperformboththeactionssimultaneously

(tAction0andtAction1)

}

@AfterClass

publicvoidtearDown(){

driver.closeApp();

}

2. Afterthetestexecution,theimagewillbezoomedinandthisishowitwilllook:

WelearnedalotaboutadvanceduserinteractionsandhavefinisheddiscussingthecoreaspectsofAppium.Inthenextsection,wewilllearnhowtohandleanalertdialogbox.

AlertsAnalertisasmallwindowthatrequiresauseractiontomakeadecisionorentersomeextrainformation.Wecan’tinteractwiththeoriginalwindowwhilethealertdialogispresent;toworkwiththeoriginalwindow,weneedtoclosethealertdialog.

OniOS,analertdialogboxcanbehandledbytheSeleniumAlertAPIbutonAndroidOS,alerthandlingisnotyetimplementedfornativeapps.However,wehaveanalternativetohandlethealert.Wecanfindthebuttonsthatarepresentonthealertboxusinglocatorstrategy.

Let’stakeanexampleoftheAndroidUIapp,whichcanbedownloadedfromhttps://github.com/manojhans/Appium/blob/master/Application/Android/AndroidUI.zip?raw=true.Thedownloadedappwillbelooklike:

Now,let’sperformthefollowingstepstohandlethealert:

1. Createanewclasswiththefollowingcode:

AndroidDriverdriver;

@BeforeClass

publicvoidsetUp()throwsMalformedURLException{

Fileapp=newFile("C:\\mobileapp\\AndroidUI.apk");//Youcanchangeit

withyourappaddress

DesiredCapabilitiescaps=newDesiredCapabilities();

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP,app);

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_VERSION,"4.4");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_NAME,"Android");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME,"MotoX");//Iam

usingMotoXasaRealDevice

caps.setCapability("appPackage","com.android.androidui");//Thisis

packagenameofyourapp(youcangetitfromapkinfoapp)

caps.setCapability("appActivity",

"com.android.androidui.MainActivity");

driver=newAndroidDriver(newURL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"),

caps);

driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30,TimeUnit.SECONDS);

}

@Test

publicvoidtestExample(){

WebElementshowAlert=driver.findElement(By.name("ShowAlert"));

showAlert.click();//itwillopentheAlertbox

WebElementyes=driver.findElement(By.name("Yes"));

yes.click();//ClickonYesbutton

}

@AfterClass

publicvoidtearDown(){

driver.closeApp();

}

2. Now,executethetestscript:

Wesawhowwecouldhandleanalertdialogboxbylocatingthebutton,butthisisnotthepreferredwaytohandleit.TheAppiumcommunityhopesthatwesoongetsomesupportviatheAlertAPI.

Inthecaseofhybridandwebapps,wefirstneedtoswitchfromwebviewtonativeapps,asshowninthefollowingsnippet:

Set<String>allContext=driver.getContextHandles();

for(Stringcontext:allContext){

if(context.contains("NATIVE")){

driver.context(context);//switchonthenativeapp

}

}

Then,wecanhandlethealertinthesamewayasanativeapp.Inthenextsection,wewilllearnhowtoselectavaluefromadrop-downlist.

SpinnersSpinnersallowyoutoselectavaluefromthedropdownlistandalsoshowthecurrentlyselectedvalue.Now,wearegoingtotakeanexampleoftheAndroidUIapp,whichweusedinalerthandling.

Now,let’sperformthefollowingstepstoselectthevaluefromdropdown:

1. First,weneedtofindthespinner;wewillfinditusingid:

WebElementspinner=driver.findElement(By.id("android:id/text1"));

Youshouldgetsomethingsimilartothefollowingscreen:

2. Now,clickonthespinner;itwillopenthelistofvalues:

spinner.click();

3. SelectthecountryasIndia,butfirstweneedtoscrollinordertoviewIndiaasname:

driver.scrollToExact("India");

WebElementoptionIndia=driver.findElement(By.name("India"));

optionIndia.click();

Youshouldgetsomethingsimilartothisscreen:

4. Thisishowthecodesnippetwilllook:

@Test

publicvoidtestExample(){

WebElementspinner=driver.findElement(By.id("android:id/text1"));

spinner.click();

driver.scrollToExact("India");

WebElementoptionIndia=driver.findElement(By.name("India"));

optionIndia.click();

}

Wejustsawhowtoselectavaluefromthedrop-downlist.Inthenextsection,wewilllearnhowtohandletheswitchbutton.

TheswitchbuttonSwitchesareusedtochangethesettingsoptions;thiscanbeeasilyhandledinAppium.

AswitchcanbeturnedON/OFFbyjustclickingonit.WecanusethefollowingcodesnippettohandleAndroidswitches(usingtheAndroidUIapp):

@Test

publicvoidtestExample(){

WebElementswitchbtn=driver.findElementById

("com.android.androidui:id/mySwitch");

switchbtn.click();

}

Youshouldgetthefollowingscreenshot:

WelearnedhowwecanhandletheAndroidswitches.Inthenextsection,wewilltakealookattheprogressbar(SeekBar).

TheslideSeekBarASeekBarisanextensionoftheprogressbar,whichallowsyoutosettheprogresslevelbyslidingittotheleftorrightusingthethumb.

ItisalittletrickytohandlethisinAppium;let’stakeanexamplethatshowshowtoslidetheSeekBar.Here,wearegoingtousetheAndroidUIappagain.

Todothis,weneedtoperformthefollowingsteps:

1. First,weneedtofindtheSeekBar;wewillfinditwithid:

WebElement

slider=driver.findElementById("com.android.androidui:id/seekBar1");

Then,weneedtogettheSeekBar’sstartpointandendpointlocations,asfollows:

intxAxisStartPoint=slider.getLocation().getX();

intxAxisEndPoint=xAxisStartPoint+slider.getSize().getWidth();

2. Now,gettheSeekBar’syaxis:

intyAxis=slider.getLocation().getY();

3. Now,wewillusethetouchActionclasstoslidetheSeekBar:

TouchActionact=newTouchAction(driver);

act.press(xAxisStartPoint,yAxis).moveTo(xAxisEndPoint-

1,yAxis).release().perform();

4. Thisishowthecodesnippetwilllook:

@Test

publicvoidtestExample(){

WebElement

slider=driver.findElementById("com.android.androidui:id/seekBar1");

intxAxisStartPoint=slider.getLocation().getX();

intxAxisEndPoint=xAxisStartPoint+slider.getSize().getWidth();

intyAxis=slider.getLocation().getY();

TouchActionact=newTouchAction(driver);

act.press(xAxisStartPoint,yAxis).moveTo(xAxisEndPoint-

1,yAxis).release().perform();//pressedxaxis&yaxisofseekbarand

moveseekbartilltheend

}

5. Afterexecutionofthetestcode,thisishowtheSeekBarwilllook:

WehavejustseenhowwecanslidetheSeekBarusingthetouchActionclass.Now,inthenextsection,wearegoingtolearnhowtocaptureascreenshotofamobileapp.

CapturingscreenshotsThistopicisnotnecessarytoshowAppiumfunctionalitiesbutwillbeconvenientwhenthereareproblemswithyourtestapplicationandyouwanthavemoreinformation.Basically,ascreenshotiscapturedforreportingpurposes,whenthetestfails.

Therearethreeapproachestotakingscreenshots:

ByteBase64File

Here,wewilluseafiletosaveascreenshot.Let’stakeascreenshotofthecalculatorapp,asshownhere:

1. Createanewclasswiththefollowingtestcode:

AndroidDriverdriver;

@BeforeClass

publicvoidsetUp()throwsMalformedURLException{

DesiredCapabilitiescaps=newDesiredCapabilities();

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_VERSION,"4.4");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_NAME,"Android");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME,"MotoX");//Iam

usingMotoXasaRealDevice

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP_PACKAGE,

"com.android.calculator2");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP_ACTIVITY,

"com.android.calculator2.Calculator");

driver=newAndroidDriver(newURL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"),

caps);

driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30,TimeUnit.SECONDS);

}

@Test

publicvoidtestExample(){

WebElementfive=driver.findElement(By.name("5"));//thiselementis

usetowaitforappopen

FilescreenShot=driver.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);

Filelocation=newFile("screenshots");

String

screenShotName=location.getAbsolutePath()+File.separator+"testCalculato

r.png";

FileUtils.copyFile(screenShot,newFile(screenShotName));

}

@AfterClass

publicvoidtearDown(){

driver.closeApp();

}

2. Inthissection,wehavecapturedascreenshotandsaveditinaprojectunderthescreenshotsfolder:

Ifwecancapturescreenshotsontestfailure,itwillbetheicingonthecake!Inthenextsection,wewillseehowtotakeascreenshotontestfailure.

CapturingscreenshotsontestfailureNowthatwearefamiliarwithcapturingscreenshots,wearegoingtotakealookathowtocapturescreenshotsontestfailureinthissection.Here,wewilluseTestNGlisteners;listenersbasicallyrunonparticularevents.Aneventcanbeanythingsuchastestpassed,failed,orskipped.

TestNGgivesustheflexibilitytochooselistenersasperourrequirement,sowearegoingtouseTestListenerAdapter,whichhasmethodstooverridewhenthetestfails.So,let’swritethecodeforascreenshotontestfailure.

Weneedtocreatetwoclasses:oneforthelistenerandanotherforthetestcode;weneedtoimportthefollowingpackages:

importio.appium.java_client.AppiumDriver;

importjava.io.File;

importjava.io.IOException;

importorg.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;

importorg.openqa.selenium.OutputType;

importorg.testng.ITestResult;

importorg.testng.TestListenerAdapter;

Performthefollowingstepstocapturescreenshotsontestfailure:

1. Createanewclasswiththefollowingcode:

publicclassScreenshotListenerextendsTestListenerAdapter{

@Override

publicvoidonTestFailure(ITestResulttr){

AppiumDriverdriver=Screenshot.getDriver();//gettingdriverinstance

fromTestApplicationclass

Filelocation=newFile("screenshots");//itwillcreatescreenshots

folderintheproject

StringscreenShotName=location.getAbsolutePath()+File.separator+

tr.getMethod().getMethodName()+".png";

//GettingfailuremethodnameusingITestResult

FilescreenShot=driver.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);

try{

FileUtils.copyFile(screenShot,newFile(screenShotName));

}

catch(IOExceptione){

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

2. Wecanusethislistenerinanyclass,whichhasunittestcases,usingthe@Listenersannotation.Let’screateanotherclasstousethislistener,asshownhere:

@Listeners({ScreenshotListener.class})

publicclassScreenshot{

staticAppiumDriverdriver;

@BeforeClass

publicvoidsetUp()throwsMalformedURLException{

DesiredCapabilitiescaps=newDesiredCapabilities();

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_VERSION,"4.4");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_NAME,"Android");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME,"MotoX");//Iam

usingMotoXasaRealDevice

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP_PACKAGE,

"com.android.calculator2");

caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP_ACTIVITY,

"com.android.calculator2.Calculator");

driver=newAndroidDriver(newURL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"),

caps);

driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(5,TimeUnit.SECONDS);

}

@Test

publicvoidtestExample()throwsIOException{

WebElementtwo=driver.findElement(By.name("2"));

two.click();

WebElementplus=driver.findElement(By.name("+"));

plus.click();

WebElementfour=driver.findElement(By.name("4"));

four.click();

WebElementequalTo=driver.findElement(By.name("="));

equalTo.click();

WebElement

result=driver.findElement(By.className("android.widget.EditText"));

//Checkthecalculatedvalueontheeditbox

assertresult.getText().equals("8"):"Actualvalueis:

"+result.getText()+"didnotmatchwithexpectedvalue:8";

}

@AfterClass

publicvoidtearDown(){

driver.closeApp();

}

publicstaticAppiumDrivergetDriver(){

returndriver;

}

}

3. Intheexample,weareputtingthefalseconditiontofailthetest;oncethetestfails,theScreenshotListenerclasswillbecalledautomaticallyandwilltakeascreenshotofthemobileapp:

NoteTolearnmoreaboutTestNGlisteners,youcanvisithttp://testng.org/doc/documentation-main.html#testng-listeners.

SummaryWelearnedhowtohandlemobilegesturesusingtheAppiumadvancedinteractionAPI,suchasTouchActionandMultiTouchAction.

WestartedoffbylearningabouttheadvanceduserinteractionsAPI.Wethenmovedontochainingmultipleactionsonmobileappsandobservedsomeactionsthatarefrequentlyusedonthemobile,withthehelpoftheAppiumclientlibrary.Wealsolookedathowtocapturescreenshotsandhowtosavethemtothedesiredlocation.Lastly,weusedtheTestNGlistenertocapturescreenshotsontestfailure.

Ihopethisbookhasassistedand/orinspiredyoutoperformmobileappsautomation.Intheend,ifyoustillhavequestionsrelatedtoappsautomation,shootmeane-mailat<hmanoj36@gmail.com>;Iwillbehappytohelpyou!

IndexA

advanceduserinteractionsabout/Exploringadvanceduserinteractionslongpress,using/Longpressscrolling/Scrollandswipeswiping/Scrollandswipeswipingprocess/Scrollandswipedraganddropoperation/Draganddroppinchandzoomgesture/Pinchandzoomalertdialogbox/Alertsspinners/Spinnersswitchbutton/TheswitchbuttonslideSeekBar/TheslideSeekBarscreenshots,capturing/Capturingscreenshotsscreenshots,capturingontestfailure/Capturingscreenshotsontestfailure

alertdialogbox/AlertsAndroid

prerequisites/Importantinitialpoints,Importantinitialpointsdesiredcapabilities/NecessarydesiredcapabilitiesforAndroidandinitiatingtheAndroiddriver

Androidcapabilitiesabout/AndroidcapabilitiesappPackage/AndroidcapabilitiesappActivity/AndroidcapabilitiesappWaitActivity/AndroidcapabilitiesappWaitPackage/AndroidcapabilitiesdeviceReadyTimeout/AndroidcapabilitiesenablePerformanceLogging/AndroidcapabilitiesandroidDeviceReadyTimeout/AndroidcapabilitiesandroidDeviceSocket/AndroidcapabilitiesAvd/AndroidcapabilitiesavdLaunchTimeout/AndroidcapabilitiesavdReadyTimeout/AndroidcapabilitiesavdArgs/AndroidcapabilitieschromedriverExecutable/AndroidcapabilitiesautoWebviewTimeout/AndroidcapabilitiesintentAction/AndroidcapabilitiesintentCategory/AndroidcapabilitiesintentFlags/AndroidcapabilitiesunicodeKeyboard/AndroidcapabilitiesresetKeyboard/Androidcapabilities

Androiddriverinitiating/NecessarydesiredcapabilitiesforAndroidandinitiatingtheAndroiddriver,DesiredcapabilitiesforAndroidandinitiatingtheAndroiddriver

Androidemulator/AnAndroidemulatorAndroidhybridapp/AndroidhybridappsAndroidhybridapps

desiredcapabilities/Desiredcapabilitiesfornativeandhybridappsabout/Androidhybridapps

Androidnativeapp/AndroidnativeappsAndroidnativeapps

desiredcapabilities/Desiredcapabilitiesfornativeandhybridappsabout/NativeAndroidapps

Androidrequirements,onMacabout/AndroidrequirementsonWindowsandMac

Androidrequirements,onWindowsabout/AndroidrequirementsonWindowsandMac

AndroidSDKinstalling/InstallingtheAndroidSDKURL/InstallingtheAndroidSDK

AndroidSettings,AppiumGUIforMacabout/AndroidSettings

AndroidSettings,AppiumGUIforWindowsabout/AndroidSettingsApplicationpane/ApplicationLaunchDevicepane/LaunchDeviceCapabilitiespane/CapabilitiesAdvancedpane/Advanced

AndroidSettings,AppiumGUIsettings/NecessarydesiredcapabilitiesforAndroidandinitiatingtheAndroiddriverAndroidUIapp

URL/AlertsAndroidwebapp

desiredcapabilities/Desiredcapabilitiesforwebappsabout/WebappsonAndroid

Appiumarchitecture/Appiumarchitectureworking,iniOS/AppiumoniOSworking,inAndroid/AppiumonAndroidsession/Appiumsessionserver/TheAppiumserveranditsclientlibrariesclientlibraries/TheAppiumserveranditsclientlibrariesadvantages/TheAppiumserveranditsclientlibraries,Appium–prosandconsabout/Appium–prosandconsdisadvantages/Appium–prosandcons

installing,forAndroid/AppiuminstallationforAndroidURL/AppiumforWindows

Appiumdoctor,AppiumGUIforMac/AppiumdoctorAppiumGUI,forMac

about/TheAppiumGUIforMacAndroidSettings/AndroidSettingsiOSSettings/iOSSettingsRobotSettings/RobotSettingsSave/Openconfiguration/Save/OpenconfigurationAppiumdoctor/AppiumdoctorInspector/InspectorRecordingpanel/TheRecordingpanel

AppiumGUI,forWindowsabout/TheAppiumGUIforWindows,AboutAndroidSettings/AndroidSettingsGeneralSettings/GeneralSettingsDevelopersettings/DevelopersettingsInspector/Inspector

AppiumInspectorLaunch/Stopbutton/TheLaunch/StopbuttonClearbutton/TheClearbuttonelements,findingwith/FindingelementswithAppiumInspector

Appiuminstallation,forAndroidJDK,installingonWindows/InstallingJDKonWindowsAndroidSDK,installing/InstallingtheAndroidSDKsystemvariables,settingforMac/SettingthesystemvariablesforMac

Appiuminstallation,foriOSabout/AppiumforiOSXcode,installing/InstallingXcodeHomebrew,installing/InstallingHomebrewNode/Nodeandnpmnpm/Nodeandnpm

Appiuminstallation,forMacabout/AppiumforMac

Appiuminstallation,forWindowsabout/AppiumforWindows

AppiumJavaclientURL/DownloadingthenecessaryJARfiles

AppiumphilosophyURL/Appium–prosandcons

Appiumserverabout/TheAppiumserver

AppUnderTest(AUT)/Appium–prosandcons

BBMIcalculator

URL/iOSnativeapps

CChromeADBplugin

used,forfindingelements/FindingelementsforAndroidweb-basedappsusingtheChromeADBplugin

Clearbutton,AppiumInspector/TheClearbutton

Ddesiredcapabilities

about/DesiredcapabilitiesautomationName/DesiredcapabilitiesplatformName/DesiredcapabilitiesplatformVersion/DesiredcapabilitiesdeviceName/Desiredcapabilitiesapp/DesiredcapabilitiesbrowserName/DesiredcapabilitiesnewCommandTimeout/DesiredcapabilitiesautoLaunch/Desiredcapabilitieslanguage/Desiredcapabilitieslocale/Desiredcapabilitiesudid/Desiredcapabilitiesorientation/DesiredcapabilitiesautoWebview/DesiredcapabilitiesfullReset/DesiredcapabilitiesAndroidcapabilities/AndroidcapabilitiesiOScapabilities/iOScapabilitiesused,forAndroid/DesiredcapabilitiesforAndroidandinitiatingtheAndroiddriverused,fornativeapp/Desiredcapabilitiesfornativeandhybridapps,DesiredcapabilitiesfornativeandhybridAppsused,forhybridapp/Desiredcapabilitiesfornativeandhybridapps,DesiredcapabilitiesfornativeandhybridAppsused,forwebapps/Desiredcapabilitiesforwebapps,Desiredcapabilitiesforwebappsused,foriOS/DesiredcapabilitiesforiOSandinitiatingtheiOSdriveriOSdriver,initiating/DesiredcapabilitiesforiOSandinitiatingtheiOSdriver

Developersettings,AppiumGUIforWindows/DevelopersettingsDevelopoption,Safari

elements,findingforiOSweb-basedapps/FindingelementsforiOSweb-basedappsusingSafari’sDevelopoption

draganddropoperation/Draganddrop

EEclipseJavaproject

settingup/SettingupanEclipseJavaprojectURL/SettingupanEclipseJavaproject

elementsfinding,forAndroidweb-basedapps/FindingelementsforAndroidweb-basedappsusingtheChromeADBpluginfinding,foriOSweb-basedapps/FindingelementsforiOSweb-basedappsusingSafari’sDevelopoptionfinding,fornativeapp/Findingelementsfornativeandhybridappsfinding,forhybridapp/Findingelementsfornativeandhybridappsfinding,withUIAutomatorviewer/FindingelementswithUIAutomatorviewerfinding,withAppiumInspector/FindingelementswithAppiumInspector

elements,foriOSweb-basedappsfinding,byID/FindingelementsbyIDfinding,byname/Findingelementsbynamefinding,bylinkText/FindingelementsbylinkTextfinding,byXpath/FindingelementsbyXpathfinding,bycssSelector/FindingelementsbycssSelector

elements,withAppiumInspectorfinding,byXpath/FindingelementsbyXpathfinding,byname/Findingelementsbynamefinding,byIosUIAutomation/FindingelementsbyIosUIAutomation

elements,withUIAutomatorviewerfinding,byID/FindingelementsbyIDfinding,byname/Findingelementsbynamefinding,byclassName/FindingelementsbyclassNamefinding,byAccessibilityId/FindingelementsbyAccessibilityIdfinding,byAndroidUIAutomator/FindingelementsbyAndroidUIAutomator

emulatorscreating/CreatingemulatorsandsimulatorsAndroidemulator/AnAndroidemulator

endpointsURL/TheSeleniumJSONwireprotocol

Ffields,Advancedpane

SDKPath/AdvancedCoverageClass/AdvancedBootstrapPort/AdvancedSelendroidPort/AdvancedChromedriverPort/Advanced

fields,ApplicationpaneApplicationPath/ApplicationPackage/ApplicationWaitforPackage/ApplicationLaunchActivity/ApplicationWaitforActivity/ApplicationUseBrowser/ApplicationFullReset/ApplicationNoReset/ApplicationIntentAction/ApplicationIntentCategory/ApplicationIntentFlags/ApplicationIntentArguments/Application

fields,CapabilitiespanePlatformName/CapabilitiesAutomationName/CapabilitiesPlatformVersion/CapabilitiesDeviceName/CapabilitiesLanguage/CapabilitiesLocale/Capabilities

fields,DevelopersettingsEnabled/DevelopersettingsUseExternalNodeJSBinary/DevelopersettingsUseExternalAppiumPackage/DevelopersettingsNodeJSDebugPort/DevelopersettingsBreakonApplicationStart/DevelopersettingsCustomServerFlags/Developersettings

fields,LaunchDevicepaneLaunchAVD/LaunchDeviceDeviceReadyTimeout/LaunchDeviceArguments/LaunchDevice

fields,LoggingpaneQuietLogging/LoggingShowTimestamps/LoggingLogtoFile/LoggingLogtoWebHook/Logging

UseLocalTimezone/Loggingfields,Serverpane

ServerAddress/ServerPort/ServerCheckforUpdates/ServerOverrideExistingSession/ServerUseRemoteServer/ServerSeleniumGridConfigurationFile/Server

GGeneralSettings,AppiumGUIforWindows

about/GeneralSettingsServerpane/ServerLoggingpane/Logging

GsonURL/DownloadingthenecessaryJARfiles

HHomebrew

installing/InstallingHomebrewhybridapps

automating/AutomatinghybridappsAndroidhybridapp/AndroidhybridappsiOShybridapp/iOShybridapps

hybridappsautomationabout/Hybridapps’automationAndroidhybridapps/AndroidhybridappsiOShybridapps/iOShybridapps

IInspector,AppiumGUIforMac/InspectoriOS

prerequisites/Importantinitialpoints,Importantinitialpointsdesiredcapabilities/NecessarydesiredcapabilitiesforiOSandinitiatingtheiOSdriverinitiating/NecessarydesiredcapabilitiesforiOSandinitiatingtheiOSdriver

ios-webkit-debug-proxyinstalling/Installingprovisionalprofile,SafariLauncher,andios-webkit-debug-proxyabout/SafariLauncherappandios-webkit-debug-proxy

iOScapabilitiesabout/iOScapabilitiescalendarFormat/iOScapabilitiesbundleId/iOScapabilitieslaunchTimeout/iOScapabilitieslocationServicesEnabled/iOScapabilitieslocationServicesAuthorized/iOScapabilitiesautoAcceptAlerts/iOScapabilitiesnativeInstrumentsLib/iOScapabilitiesnativeWebTap/iOScapabilitiessafariAllowPopups/iOScapabilitiessafariIgnoreFraudWarning/iOScapabilitiessafariOpenLinksInBackground/iOScapabilitieskeepKeyChains/iOScapabilitiesprocessArguments/iOScapabilitiesinterKeyDelay/iOScapabilities

iOSDeveloperProgramURL/Provisionalprofile

iOShybridapp/iOShybridappsiOShybridapps

desiredcapabilities/Desiredcapabilitiesfornativeandhybridappsabout/iOShybridapps

iOSnativeapp/iOSnativeappsiOSnativeapps

about/NativeiOSappsiOSrequirements

about/iOSrequirementsiOSsettings

forwebapps/DesiredcapabilitiesforiOSandinitiatingtheiOSdriveriOSSettings,AppiumGUIforMac

about/iOSSettingsApplicationtab/Application

DeviceSettingstab/DeviceSettingsAdvancedtab/Advanced

iOSsimulator/AniOSsimulatoriOSTestApp

URL,forexample/NativeiOSappsiOSwebapps

desiredcapabilities/Desiredcapabilitiesforwebappsabout/WebappsoniOS

JJARfiles

downloading/DownloadingthenecessaryJARfilesJDK

installing,onWindows/InstallingJDKonWindowsJSONwireprotocol(JSONWP)/TheSeleniumJSONwireprotocol

LLaunch/Stopbutton,AppiumInspector/TheLaunch/Stopbuttonlongpress

using/Longpress

Nnativeapps

automating/Automatingnativeapps,AutomatingnativeappsAndroidnativeapps/NativeAndroidappsiOSnativeapps/NativeiOSappsAndroidnativeapp/AndroidnativeappsiOSnativeapp/iOSnativeapps

Ooptions,Advancedtab

UseNativeInstrumentsLibrary/AdvancedBackendRetries/AdvancedInstrumentsLaunchTimeout/AdvancedTraceTemplatePath/AdvancedChoose/AdvancedXcodePath/Advanced

options,ApplicationtabAppPath/ApplicationChoose/ApplicationBundleID/ApplicationUseMobileSafari/Application

options,DeviceSettingstabForceDevice/DeviceSettingsPlatformVersion/DeviceSettingsForceOrientation/DeviceSettingsForceLanguage/DeviceSettingsForceCalendar/DeviceSettingsForceLocale/DeviceSettingsUDID/DeviceSettingsFullReset/DeviceSettingsNoReset/DeviceSettingsShowSimulatorLog/DeviceSettings

Ppinchandzoomgesture/Pinchandzoomprovisionalprofile

installing/Installingprovisionalprofile,SafariLauncher,andios-webkit-debug-proxyabout/Provisionalprofile

RRecordingpanel,AppiumGUIforMac/TheRecordingpanelRobotSettings,AppiumGUIforMac/RobotSettings

SSafariLauncherapp

installing/Installingprovisionalprofile,SafariLauncher,andios-webkit-debug-proxyabout/SafariLauncherappandios-webkit-debug-proxy

Save/Openconfiguration,AppiumGUIforMac/Save/Openconfigurationscrollingprocess/ScrollandswipeSeleniumJSONwireprotocol

about/TheSeleniumJSONwireprotocolSeleniumServer

URL/DownloadingthenecessaryJARfilessimulators

creating/CreatingemulatorsandsimulatorsiOSsimulator/AniOSsimulator

slideSeekBar/TheslideSeekBarspinners/Spinnersswipingprocess/Scrollandswipeswitchbutton/Theswitchbuttonsystemrequirements,forAndroid

about/SystemrequirementsforAndroid/iOSsystemrequirements,foriOS

about/SystemrequirementsforAndroid/iOS

TtestApp,GitHub

URL,forexample/AndroidhybridappsTestNG

installing/SettingupanEclipseJavaprojectTestNGlisteners

URL/Capturingscreenshotsontestfailure

UUIAutomatorlibrary

URL/FindingelementsbyAndroidUIAutomatorUIAutomatorviewer

elements,findingwith/FindingelementswithUIAutomatorviewerUSBdebugging

enabling/Importantinitialpoints

Wweb-apps

workingwith/Workingwithweb-appswebapps

workingwith/WorkingwithwebappsonAndroid/WebappsonAndroidoniOS/WebappsoniOS

WebDriverJavaclientURL/DownloadingthenecessaryJARfiles

WebViewApp,GitHubURL,forexample/iOShybridapps

XXcode

installing/InstallingXcodeURL/InstallingXcode