Appendix

Ophthalmie books widely available for referenee

Pitts Crick, R. & Trimble, R.B. (1987)

Gasspool, M. (1984)

Kanski,]. (1984)

Miller, S.]. (1984)

Newell, F. (1986)

Pavan-Langston, D. (1987)

Phillips, C. (1984)

Vaughan, Dr. Astbury, T. (1986)

Trevor Roper, P.D. and Curran, P.V. (1984)

Textbook of Clinical Ophthalmology. Hodder & Stoughton, Sevenoaoks. Atlas of Ophthalmology. MTP, Press, Lancaster. ClinicalOphthalmology. Butterworth, London. Parson's Diseases of the Eye, 17th edn. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh and London. Ophthalmology - Principles & Concepts, 6th edn. Mosby. Manual of Ocular Diagnosis & Therapy, 2nd edn. Little, Brown, Boston. Basic Clinical Ophthalmology. Pitman, London. General Ophthalmology, 11th edn. Prentice-Hall. The Eye and its Disorders, Blackwell Scientific, Oxford.

Index

A and V phenomenon 388(fig.) Abducent nerve 328 Abnormal retinal correspondence

(ARC) 389 ABPI Data Sheet Compendium 413 Abscess in orbital cellulitis 359 Acanthamoeb, contact lens

infection 220 Accident and Emergency Department,

corneal infection 212 design 53-5 ophthalmie care 53-67 treatment area 54

Accommodation 27 and drug 426 function 427

Acetazolamide, and aqueous secretion 247 in glaucoma 259

acute closed-angle 266 Acne rosacea, eyes in 33 Acquired immune deficiency syndrome

(AIDS) 313-14 Acycloguanosine 157 Acyclovir 157

for viral keratitis 218 Adenoviruses as cause of conjunctivitis

183,186 Adie's myotonie pupil 364 Adrenaline in glaucoma 259 Adults,

outpatient care 72-5 rehabilitation services 457-9 squint surgery for 392 visually handicapped 20-2

Advisory Centre for Education 19 Air gun injury to sclera 230 Air puff tonometer 39-40,251

Albinism 246 Allergy history 55 Alphachymotrypsin in cataract

extraction 282 Amaurosis fugax 301 Amblyopia 379-80

deprivation 147 types 379

Amethocaine 59-60,202 Ametropia 427,432 Ammonia in cornea 208 Amsler chart 45(fig.), 56 Anaesthetic, recovery from 118-19 Anaesthetic agents, local 422 Anaesthetic room 92-8 Analgesia,

after surgery 119,121 in cornea I burns 209 for HZO 157

Aniridia 245 Anisocoria 37 Anisometropia 429,433 Ankylosing spondylitis and uveitis 237 Annulus ofZinn 371-2(fig.) Anophthalmos 329 Anterior chamber lenses 288 Antibiotics 409-11

in corneal infection 202 mechanism 410 for orbital infection 352

Anticholinesterase eye drops in glaucoma 259

Antifungal agents 411 Antihistamines 414 Anti-inflammatory drugs 411-14

non-steroidal 414 Antimicrobial drugs 409-11 Antitetanus injections 348

482

Antiviral agents 411 Anxiety,

assessment 88-9 in corneal bums 209 in hospital 113 -14

Aphakia, contact lenses 285 correction 284-8,436-7 glasses 284-5,432

Applanation tonometry 38,39,248-9(fig.)

Aqueous dynamics 245 -68 functional anatomy 245-6 patient assessment 248-49

Aqueous flow 246(fig.) Aqueous flow, impairment and

glaucoma 251 Aqueous layer of tear film 164-5 Aqueous secretion 247 Arc-eye 211 Arcus 227 Arden ratio 51 Argon laser,

therapy for retinal hole 310 therapy, see also Laser treatment trabeculoplasty 262

Argyll Robertson pupil 365 Artificial eye 340-1 (fig.) Ascorbic acid 208 Aseptic dressings 127-8 Aseptic technique 103-4 Aspergillus 219 Assessment forms 110 Asteroid hyalosis 318 Astigmatism 286,432-3 Automatie tonometers 251-2 Autonomie nervous system, drugs

affecting 415 - 6

B scan mode 50 Background retinopathy 314 Band keratopathy 228 Bandage lens 220-1 Bank statement in Braille 21 Basal cell carcinoma of eyelid 160-1 Basement membrane of corneal

endothelium 201

Index

Bedrest after surgery 120 Behaviour in visual disorder 107-8 BelL's palsy 150-3 Benoxinate 56,57,60 Best's disease 320 Beta blocking drugs in glaucoma 259 Betaxolol 259 Binocular vision 384-85

abnormal 385-86 single (BSV) 377(fig.) single (BSV), field 395, 402(fig.)

Biometry 299 for lens implant 281

Bitemporal hemianopia 370 Bitot's spot 472 Bjerrum screen 45 Blepharitis 154-6

ointment application 65 squamous 155 ulcerative 155

Blepharospasm 59,150 Blind Persons' Act 1920 452 Blind Persons' Resettlement Officer

(BPRO) 456 Blindness, in developing world 466

(fig.)- 1 Blow-out fractures 344-5

paralytic squint in 393,394 Boredom prevention after surgery

122-3 Botulinum A toxin for blepharospasm

150 Bowman's membrane 201 Braille 20,453 Breathing in anaesthetic room 94 British Wireless for the Blind 22,449 Brown's syndrome, paralytic squint in

393 Bruch's membrane 293(fig.) Buphthalmos 269 Bums, corneal 207-8

Calcium carbonate deposition 229 Canal of Schlemm 247-8(fig.),264 Canaliculi,lacerations 176 Candida albicans 219 Canthus 182

Index 483

Carbonic an hydra se inhibitors 417 Carcinoma,

basal cell 160-1 squamous cell 161

Careers for visually handicapped 459 Carotico-cavernous fistula 358- 9 Carteolol 259 Caruncle 182 Cataract,

acquired 275 classification 270-5 congenital 271-5

surgery 272 day case surgery 137 in developing countries 465 extracapsular extraction 281(fig.) extraction and corneal damage 221 intracapsular extraction 280 management 276-80 post-operative complications 283-4 prevention 276-7 senile 275 surgery,

complications 280-4 visual acuity prognosis 290

symptomatic treatment 278-81 symptoms 275-6

Cavernous sinus thrombosis 356,358, 360

Cellulitis, orbital 356 Cement particle rem oval 208 Central vision test 56 Chalazion 159-60 Check ligaments 329 Chemical injury, corneal 208-11 Chemical splashes 57

irrigation 58 Chemosis 182 Cheque templates 21 Child,

abuse 444 development by play 13 7 enucleation 339-40 outpatient care 75-6 Toxocara uveitis in 239 visual assessment 135, 13 7 visually handicapped 17-18,

455-56 Chise! fragment in eye 240 Chlamydia in conjunctivitis 187 Chlamydia trachomatis 468 Chloramphenicol,

for corneal ulcers 213 ointment 65

Chloroquine, retinal toxicity 420 Choroid 233,235,293-6 Choroidal folds 331 Choroiditis 235,239-41 Chronic bronchitis as surgical problem

89-90 Chronic closed angle glaucoma 268 Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons

Act 1970 481 Cicatrizing pemphigoid 195 Ciliary body 233,235 Circulating nurse, role 99-100 Climate and eye disease 465-6 Collarettes 155 Coloboma 245,361 Colour blindness, 300-1 Colour contrasts 135 Colour vision, defects 33 Communication in anaesthetic room

93-4 Community care 131-7 Community Nurse, role 131-3 Community Nursing Services 131, 133 Community Nursing Team 131 Computer programming for blind 459 Computerized axial tomography (CT)

51 Concomitant squint 375-78

orthoptic assessment 380-87 orthoptic management 379-92 orthoptic management 392(table) orthoptic treatment 391-6 reasons for referral 379(table)

Cones, retinal 295 Confrontation screening test 44,45-6 Congenital abnormalities of uveal

tract 244-5 Congenital cataract 273-7 Congenital glaucoma 269-70 Conjunctiva 181-97

484

degenerations and tumours 195 - 7 exposure 194 foreign bodies 194 functional anatomy 181-2 haemorrhage, spontaneous 191-2 laceration 192-3 pigmented lesions 196-7 swab taking 125-6,189-90 systemic disease 194-5 systemic drugs an 424 trauma 192-4

Conjunctival fornix 163 Conjunctivitis 182-91

allergic 188-9 bacterial 186-8 giant papillary 189 infectious 183,186-8 laboratory investigation 189-90 vernal 479

Consensuallight response 37 Contactlens 437-9

for aphakia 287 and corneal swelling 201 hard 223 and infection 220-1 insertion, removal and care 435-6 for retinal investigation 296

Contraceptives, oral, toxicity 421 Convergence 426(fig.) Corectopia 245 Cornea 199-229

abrasions 202 bacterial ulcer 212-18 burns 207-8 chemicalinjury 208-11 conical 221 damage in dry eyes 170 drug passage across 405(fig.) dystrophies 226-7 endothelial cellioss 285 epithelium 201 exposure after ptosis surgery 149 foreign body removal 59-60 function 27 functional anatomy 199-201 graft surgery 218-9

outpatient preparation 223-4

Index

pre-operative nursing care 224-7 infection 212-21 injuries 202-7 layers of 200(fig.) leprous ulceration 477(fig.) nutritional ulceration 471-3 oedema 220 staining to assess damage 60-1 swab 214-15 systemic drugs and 419-20 ulcers 212 -18

Count fingers (CF) test 30 Cover test for squint 382(fig.)-3(fig.) Cryoprobe 282 Cryotherapy 306 Crypts ofHenle 163,165 CTscan,

in dysthyroid eye disease 332 in orbital disease 333 for orbital trauma 344

Cumberlage Report 66 Cyclitic membrane 237 Cyclopentolate 123 Cycloplegics for anterior uveitis 237 Cystoid macula oedema 286

Dacryoadenitis 166-8 Dacryocystitis, 177-9

chronic 178-9 Dacryocystography 173 Dacryocystorhinostomy 173, 177

blood group prior to 111 Daranide 259 Dazzle reduction in cataract 279 Deafness 71 Dendritic ulcer 214,218 Department of Health (DOH) 452 Dependent care 10 Dermoid 195-6 Descemetocoele 213 Descemet's membrane 201

breaks in 222 in congenital glaucoma 269 in corneal ulcers 213

Developing countries, medical services 470

Developmental models 7

Index 485

Diabetes, cataract in 277,279,281 fluorescein angiography in 296-7 retinal detachment in 309

Diabetic retinopathy 314-18 management 315 -16

Diagnostic agents 422-3 Dichlorphenamide in glaucoma 259· Dicon test 4 Digitalis, toxicity 425 Digoxin and colour vision 301 Dilatator pupillae 368 Diplopia 273,344-9,378 Direct light response 37 Disabled Persons (Services, Consultation

and Representation) Act 1986 448

Disablement Resettlement Officer (DRO) 456

Disciform response, symptoms 316 to macular degenera tion 315

Double vision, see Diplopia Down's syndrome, congenital cataract

in 273 Drainage surgery for glaucoma 263 Dressings,

application 64 aseptic 127-8

Drugs, action 403-7

on nervous systems 415(fig.) administration 422-3

routes 407 affecting the eye 407-09 effects of light 408 injection sites 406(fig.) isotonicity 407 oxidation 407 pH 403 preservatives 407 sterility 408 - 9

drugs for injection 408-9 systemic, and the eye 419 - 22 systemicallyadministered 404-5

absorption 404 distribution 404

excretion 404 metabolism 404-5

topical 405-6 metabolism 406

viscosity 408 Drusen 314 Dryeyes 169-72 Duane's retraction syndrome, paralytic

squint in 393,395,399 Dysthyroid eye disease 329-33

squint in 398

Ectropion 35,146 cicatrical 146 senile 146

Edinger-Westphal nuclei 359,360(fig.) Education Act 1981 455 Electro-oculography (EOG) 296 Electrodiagnostic investigations 51 Electron microscopy (EM), in

conjunctivitis 190 Electroretinography (ERG) 296-7 Emmetropia 427 Emphysema, surgical 346 Employment, for visually handicapped

20-1 Encephalocoele 329 Endophthalmitis 240

lens-induced 240 surgery 241

Enophthalmos 348 Entropion 35,143

cicatrical 145 congenital 143 senile 144-5 spastic 143 strapping 81-2(fig.),83

Enucleation, infection 343 for orbital tumours 339 preoperative care 342 psychological care 112 in retinoblastoma 306 uveal tract tumours 243

Epicanthus 380 Epilation 80-1 Episcleritis 228

486

Eserine in glaucoma 259 Ethambutol, toxicity 425 Evisceration 344 Exenteration 344-8 Exophthalmometer 331 Exophthalmometry 33-4(fig.) Exophthalmos 33 Exposure keratitis, see Keratitis,

exposure Extraocular muscles,

action 376-9 (fig). functional anatomy 375-6(fig)

Eye, anatomy 25-6 anterior segment diagram 248(fig.) artificial 340-1 (fig.) disease incidence 132(table) drug penetration 410 drugs affecting 411-13 emergencies 57 examination 25-51 external examination 33 focusing interface 200 lubricants 421-2 marking for surgery 116 - 17 minor surgery 65-6 movements assessment 387-8 nerves 328 non-urgent cases 58 as optical system 429-33 perforation 202 physiology 27-8 removal, see Enucleation special investigations 48-51 structure 26(fig.) systemic drugs and 423-6 total refraction power 27 urgent cases 57-8 vascular disorders 361-3

Eye drop, see Medication Eye drops, expiry dates 413(table) Eye pad, application 127 Eyeball, anatomy 25-6 Eyebrow,

plucking and orbital infection 356 shaving 149

Eyedrop, instillation compliance 13

Index

Eyelash, cutting before surgery 116, 126 inspection 35

Eyelid, and adnexa 141-61 eversion 35 (fig.)-6(fig.) examination 34-6(fig.) functional ana tomy 141-3 infection 154-9 position al disorders 143 - 5 3 suturing 330 trauma 153-4 tumours 159-61 wedge resection 146-7(fig.)

Faculty of Ophthalmologists of Great Britain,readingchart 31-2(fig.)

Farnsworth-Munsell test 33,301 Fasanella-Servat procedure 149 Fixation, eccentric 391 Floaters in retinal detachment 309 Fluorescein angiography 48-9(fig.),

294-6 Fluorescent light 135 Foreign body,

conjunctival 194 corneal 201-7

removal 202, 203-7 electroretinography 298 removal 59-60 in uveal tract 243-4

Fovea 291, 293(fig.), 294(fig.) Fresnel prism 399,404 Friedman visual field analyser 45,47 Frost suture 149 Fuch's dystrophy 221,227 Fuch's heterochromic cyclitis 237,238 Fungal infection of cornea 219 Fusarium 219

Galactosaemic, and congenital cataract 273

Ganda 259 Ganglion layer 293(fig.) Gaze, nine cardinal directions 331 Genetic counselling 22, 13 7

in retinoblastoma 306,308-9

Index 487

Gentamiein, for corneal ulcers 213 toxicity 414

Geriatrie patients, support 450 Gland of Moll 142 Gland of Zeis 142, 164 Glands of Krause 182 Glasses,

occlusion 392 forsquint 387-8

Glasses, see also Spectacles Glaucoma 253-70

acute closed-angle 262-6 mechanics 263(fig.) medical treatment 264-5 surgical treatment 265 - 6

acute secondary 235 angle-closure, diagnosis 55 chronic closed angle 266 classification 253(fig.) congenital 267- 71 in developing countries 469 epidemiology 254 gonioscope diagnosis 40 neovascular 304 open angle, retinal vein occlusion

304 primary open angle (POAG) 251-62 provocative tests for 257-8 pupil block 285 secondary 266-7 systemic agents 421 teaching session 259 treatment 254

compliance 260 laser 259-60 medical 254 surgical 260-2

Glycerol 266 Gobletcells 163,164,165

in conjunctiva 182 Goldmann perimeter 45,46,77

left visual field 44(fig.) Goldmann tonometer 39 Goniscope 40 Gonioscopy 252(fig.) Gonioscopy, in ciliary body tumours

243

Gonitomy 269-70 Gonococcus in conjunctivitis 187 Graft,

corneal 219 outpatient preparation for surgery

223-4 pre-operative nursing care 224-7 rejection observation 226

for exenteration 345-6 Guanethidine,

in glaucoma 259 for lid retraction 333

Guide dogs in shops 21 Guiding visually handicapped 108

Haemangioma, benign 337 Haemorrhage, expulsive 284 Hammer fragment in eye 244 Hand movement (HM) vision 30 Handwashing before drop

instillation 123 Health Education Centres, booklets 66 Health education in outpatient

department 85-6 Health visitor and eye disease 134 Hearing during anaesthesia

induction 97 Hearing problems 71,90-1 Heart problem 92 Heat treatment 63 Hereditary disease, genetic

counselling 13 7 Hereditary retinopathies 320-21 Herpes simplex,

in conjunctivitis 186 corneal 218

Herpes zaster 219 Herpes zaster ophthalmicus (HZO)

156-9 complication 157 scleritis in 229

Herpid 157 Hess test 331,399,400-1 (figs.) Heterophoria, ca se report 393-4 Hirschberg's approximation 390 Histoplasmosis and chorioretinitis 239 History taking, in Accident and

488 Index

Emergency Department 55-6 Homatropine 237 Horne, organization for visual

handicap 21-2 Horne assessment visit 454-5 Homonymous hemianopia 46,365,

370 Hordeolum 156 Horizontal recti 376 Horner's syndrome 148, 368 Hot spoon bathing 63-4, 179 Hruby lens 42-3 Hyperfluorescence 296 Hyperlipidaemia, retinal vein occlusion

in 304 Hypermetropia 264,432, 436(fig.),

437 Hyphaema 36,244

in secondary glaucoma 269 Hypofluorescence 296 Hypopyon 36,236 Hypovitaminosis A 169 Hypromellose 170,333,422

Idoxuridine for herpes zoster 157 for viral keratitis 218

IgA in tears 165 Indentation tonometry 39,251 Independence encouragement 108 Industrial injury prevention 211 Infants,

factors associated with squint 384(table)

premature, retinopathy 304-5 Information,

assessment 88-92 assimilation 73 collection 88-92

Inpatient, assessment 109-12 care 107-30 discharge instruction 124-6 nursing care 112-30 preparation for theatre 116-18 psychological assessment 111-12 standard care plans 129-30

Instrument placing in surgeon's hand 102

Interaction models 6- 7 International Year of Disabled People

1981 462 Intraocular infection 285 Intraocular lens 288-9(fig.),441 Intraocular lens,

design and position in eye 289 implantation 221,281

Intraocular pressure, measurement 36-9,248-51 plan 250 raised, in glaucoma 252 reduction by drugs 258-9

Iodopsin 295 Iridectomy,

peripheral 285 for glaucoma 264,267

Iridencleisis 263 Irido-corneal angle, closure 268 Iridocyclitis 235 - 9

exudates in secondary glaucoma 269 Iridodynesis 273 Iridotomy 268,269 Iris 233, 294(fig.) Iris,

defects 245 prolapse 285 supported lenses 288

Iris bombe 236,269 Iritis 235-9 Irrigation 58-9 Ishihara colour plates 33,56,301

Kay Picture Test 28,56 Keeler 'A' chart system 442 Keratic precipitates 236 Keratitis,

bacterial 212-18 diagnosis 55 disciform 218 exposure, in blepharospasm 150 herpes simplex 218-19

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca 169-72 Keratoconus 221-3 Keratomalacia 476,476

Index 489

Keratopathy, bullous 221,223 Keratoplasty for dystrophy 227 K veim test 111

Lacrimal drainage apparatus 165(fig.) LacrimaI gIand,

disorders 166-79 main 163 tumours 168-9

Lacrimal gland of Krause 163,164,165 Lacrimal gland ofWolfring 163,164,

165 Lacrimal sac washout 78-9 Lacrimal system 163 - 79

functional anatomy 163-6 secretory component 163

Laser treatment, for cIosed-angle glaucoma 268 for diabetic retinopathy 316-18 of glaucoma 262-3 formacula degeneration 319

Laser treatment, see also Argon laser therapy

Lateral geniculate nuclei (LGN) 363-4(fig.)

Lateral reetus muscle (LR) 375-6(fig.) Lattice degeneration 309 Lattice dystrophy 227 Leisure for visually handicapped 22 Lens 271-90

anterior chamber 286 capsule forceps 282 congenital abnormalities 271-6 dislocation 272 functional anatomy 269-70(fig.) intraocular implant 286 iris supported 286 posterior chamber 286 protein 269 systemic drugs and 424

Lensectomy 282 Leprosy 481-3

eye ca re 481,483 Levator palpebrae superioris muscle

142 Light responses 37 Lighting at horne 135

Lightshades 136(fig.) Lipid layer of tear film 164-5

deficiency 170 Local anaesthetic for surgery 97-8 Local Education Authorities (LEAs),

visuaI need assessment 19-20, 459

Lockwood's ligament 329 Low visual aids 21,442-3 Lymphoid tumours 337 Lysozyme 166

Macula 291 age-related degeneration 315-17 cystoid oedema 286 damage by retinal vein occIusion 304 dystrophy 227 function 295 hereditary disease detection 298

Maddox pad 63 Magnet, electronic 352 Magnifiers 442-3 Make-up techniques 20 Mannitol 266, 268 Manpower Services Commission 20

Disablement Advisory Service 480 Employment Services Division 21

Marfan's syndrome 273 Marginal ulcers 218 Medial rectus muscle (MR) 375-6(fig.) Medical Research Council 131 Medication,

instillation 64,123-5,128-9,133 compliance 13 education in 123-4 in glaucoma 260-2

record 111 Medicines Act 1968 413 Meibomian glands 141

chronic inflammation 159 oily layer of tear film 164

Melanoma of uveal tract 242-3 treatment 243

Melleril, retinal toxicity 425 Meningioma 337 Meningocoele 329 Mestinon 148

490

Metal fragments in eye 202 Metastasis to uveal traet 242 Methanol, toxieity 426 Metipranolol 259 Mierophthalmos 329 Mierosurgery, staff

arrangement 96(fig.) Mierotropia 383 Mierovilli of cornea 201 Mobility after surgery 122 Mobility Offieer for the Blind 457 Monoeular teleseope 21 Moraxella 213 MRI, in orbital disease 333 Mucin,

defieieney 169 layer of tear film 165

Mueoeoele 178 Muller's muscle 142-3

paralysis 368 Multiple sclerosis 366-7,371,374 Munson's signs 222 Myasthenia gravis, ptosis in 148 Mydriaties, use 61 Mydrilate 202 Myogenie ptosis 148 Myopia 431-3, 435(fig.) Myopia, error estimation 434

Nasal step 255(fig.),256 Nasolaerimal duet 165(fig.)-6 National Assistanee Aet 1948 452 National Deaf-Blind Helpers' League

457 Navigational vision 295 Near visual aeuity 31-3 Neo-Cytamen 372 Neostigmine 148 Neovaseular glaucoma 304 Nerve fibre damage in glaueoma 256 Nettleship's Dilator 79 Neurofibroma 337 Neurologieal ptosis 148 Newborn, sight in 17-18 No pereeption of light (NPL) 30 Nurse,

helping methods 10

Index

soeial problems role 451 Nursing,

ca re plan 113 evaluation 13-14 implementation 12-13 intervention, after ptosis surgery 149 models 109 planning 12 proeess 10-14 skills in ophthalmie theatre 87

Nursing eare, AIDS 313-14 laser treatment 317 oeular motility problems 403-4

Nursing intervention, acute closed-angle glaucoma 266-7 allergie eonjunctivitis 188-9 amaurosis fugax 303 anterior uveitis 237- 8 aphakic glasses 287 artificial eye 341-2 in Bell's palsy 151-3 biometry 281 carotieo-cavernous fistula 362-3 cataract,

congenital 274-6 surgery 280 symptoms 280-1

chemieal injury 208-11 eommunity care 132-3 congenital orbital disease 329-30 conjunctivitis infeetion

prevention 185-6 eonjunetivitis symptoms 184-5 contaet lens infection 220 corneal foreign bodies and injuries

203-7 corneal graft surgery 223 - 7 corneal ulcers 213 -17 daeryoadenitis 167-8 daeryoeystitis 177-8 diabetie retinopathy 315 -16 dryeyes 170-2 endophthalmitis 241 enucleation 342-3 exenteration 345 - 7 expulsive haemorrhage 284

Index 491

fluoreseein angiography 296-8 glaueoma 259-61

eongenital 270 laser treatment 263

in HZO 158-9,219 inpatient 114-25 intraoeular measurement 251 laerimal gland tumours 169 laser treatment 317-18 lens disloeation 273 maeular degeneration 319 ophthalmie outpatients 71-86 orbital deeompression 335-6 orbital infeetion 356-61 orbital trauma 348-53 orbital tumour 338-43 orbitotomy 354-5 positional disorders 144-6, 149 posterior uveitis 239-40 pre-operative assessment 89-92 retinal detaehment 310-13 retinoblastoma 306-8 retinopathy of prematurity 305 scleral injury 230-1 self-eare 4 tear outflow apparatus,

aequired disorders 174-6 eongenital disorders 172-3

thyroid eye disease 333-4 ultrasonography 300 visual pathway eongenital anomalies

366 visual pathways disorders 370-4 vitreetomy 322-3

Obesity problem 91 Oblique muscles 377(fig.)-9 O'Brien teehnique 422 Oeeupational health nurses 211 Oetopus perimeter system 44,47- 8 Oeular fundus,

examination 40-3 slit-lamp examination 42-3

Oeular media, examination 40-3 Oeular prosthesis 340-1 (fig.) Oeulomotor nerve 142,328 Ointment applieation 64-5,128-9

Old age, in visually handieapped 22-3 Onehoeereiasis 469,472,478-81

eye involvement 478-9(fig.) eye-testing 480(fig.) visualloss 479-80

Opaque nerve fibres 365 Ophthalmia neonatorum 187 Ophthalmie artery 26 Ophthalmie eommunity nurse 134 Ophthalmie drugs, classifieation

413-26 Ophthalmie nursing,

praetiee models 3 -14 nature of 4-5 purpose 5 types 6-7

setting 7-9 Ophthalmie outpatients,

eare 69-86 eommunieation and liaison 76 department,

layout 70-2 nursing proeedures 77-86 organization 72-6 visual fields testing 77-8

diabetie 72 needs 70-2 reeeption 69-70

Ophthalmie theatre, patient eare 87-106

Ophthalmie trauma nursing eare plans 129

Ophthalmology, in developing eountries 465 - 80

Ophthalmoseope, direet 40-1,296 indireet 41-2(fig.),296

Optie atrophy 363 Optie ehiasm 27,359-61 Optie dise 292

blood supply 361 eapillaries 250 eupping in glaueoma 252 oedema 363 pallor 327

Optie foramen 328 Optie nerve 26, 294(fig.), 359(fig.), 361

492 Index

Optic nerve, damage in proptosis 331 glioma 334 ischaemia 264 toxicity 421-2

Optic neuritis 366-7 Optic radiations 363-4(fig.) Optic stalk 292(fig.) Optic tracts 359-62

damage to 361 Optics 425-39

basic 425 Ora serrata 291,294(fig.) Orbicularis oculi muscle 141

paralysis 150-3 Orbit,

acquired disease 326- 9 bones 324(fig.) cellulitis 340,352-57

complications 354-5 congenital disease 325 - 6 contents 323-4 decompression 331-2 functional anatomy 323-5 infection 352-7 medial wall fracture 346 palpation 327 penetration by sharp object 347-51 surgery, routes 349 trauma 344-9 tumours 332-44

benign 332 exenteration 340-4 secondary 333 treatment 333-41

venous varices 357 Orbital fissures 324

nerve transmission 324-5 ophthalmic veins 324-5

Orbitotomy 335,349-1 Organizations, addresses 466-7 Orthoptic exercises 392-3(table) Orthoptics 371-400 Osmotic agents 421

Panophthalmitis 240 Panuveitis 235

Papilloedema 367 Papilloma of eyelid 160 Paralytic squint 396-402

case history , orthoptic investigation 397-9

type 397 Parasympathetic nervous system, drugs

affecting 420-1 Parasympatholytic, action 419 Parasympathomimetic, action 419 Parasympathomimetic eye drops in

glaucoma 258 Pars plana 234 Pars plicata 233-4 Patient assessment 55-7

of needs 8, 11-12 priority identification 57-66

Patient care, horne treatment 66 Patient education 83-5

in conjunctival conditions 197 Perception of light (PL) test 30 Periocular tissues, examination 33-4 Periorbital cellulitis 356 Perkins tonometer 39,249 Pharmacodynamics 403-4 Pharmacokinetics 404 Pharmacology 403-24 Phenylephrine 61 Photocoagulation 302

indications 312- 13 Photoreceptors 27,291, 293(fig.) Phthisis bulbi 147,235 Physiological investigations before

surgery 111 Pilocarpine in glaucoma 258,266 Pingueculum 195 Pinhole effect 431 Pinhole test 31 Pituitary tumour, causing visual defect

43 Plica semilunaris 182 Polycoria 245 Polymethyl methacrylate for intraocular

lenses 288 Positioning in anaesthetic room 96-7 Post-herpetic neuralgia 157,219 Posterior capsule opacification 286

Index 493

Posterior eh amber lenses 288 Posterior synechia 236(fig.) Posterior synechia, in glaucoma 269 Pre-operative check sheet 93 Pre-operative visiting 88-92 Preparation for discharge 123 Presbyopia 271 Pretectal nuclei 359, 361(fig.) Primary closed-angle glaucoma 264-8 Prism cover test 390(fig.) Prism dioptres 389(fig.),390 Proliferative retinopathy 314-15 Proptosis 33,330-3

diagnosis 330-1 (table) eye movement limitation 331 invesrigarions 331,333 in orbital infection 358 in thyroid disease 333-4 in venous varices 357

Protection of Eye Regulations 211 Pseudo squint 380(fig.) Pseudomonas, contact lens infection

220 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 213 Pseudomyopia 432 Pseudoptosis 147 Pterygium 195 Ptosis 36,147

acquired 147-9 congenital 147 measurement 148 mechanical causes 148-9

Ptosis props 149 Pub fight injury to sclera 230 Pupil,

afferent defects 364-5 block glaucoma 285 block test for glaucoma 258 dilatation 61-2

pre-operative 92 efferent defects 364 examination 37 reflex test 37 size differences 37 systemic drugs and 424

Pupillary syndromes 364-5 Pyridostigmine 148

Quadrantanopia 361 Quinine, retinal toxicity 425

Radiation damage 211-12 Recovery after surgery 104-6 Recreation 461 Red eye, causes 183(fig.) Red reflex 37-8 Reflexion 430(fig.) Refraction 433-6

diagram 430(fig.) Refractive error,

correction 436-40,436-40 measurement 433-6

Registration as blind or partially sighted 134

advantages 453 requirements 451-5

Rehabilitation services for adults 457-9

Reiter's syndrome and uveitis 237 Resource allocation for eye in

developing world 471 (fig.)-2 Retina 291-321

barrier 292 Woodsupp~ 292,295 central 291 circulation 293 detachment in uveal tract tumour

242 in developing eye 292(fig.) disease 299-18 electrodiagnostic tests 298- 9 embryology 291-2(fig.) functional anatomy 291-5 investigations 296-301 lattice degeneration 309 layers 293(fig.) nerve fibre distribution 254(fig.),

255-6 peripheral 291 physiology 293 regions 291-2,294(fig.) slit-lamp examination 43 systemic drugs and 424-5

Retinal artery occlusion 301 causes 301 (table)

494

Retinal detachment 307-11 after cataract extraction 285 causes 309(table) management 308-11 surgery 310-11

Retinal pigment epithelim (RPE) 291, 293(fig.),318

Retinal vein occlusion 301-2 Retinitis in AIDS 317 Retinitis pigmentosa 320

detection 298 Retinoblastoma 303-7 Retinopathy,

background 311 diabetic 311-15 proliferative 311-12

Retinopathy of prematurity 304-5 Retinoscopy 435 Retrobulbar haemorrhage 98 Retrobulbar neuritis 362-3 Retrolental fibroplasia 305 Rhabdomyosarcoma 337 Rhodopsin 295 River blindness 478 Rodent ulcer 160-1 Rods, retinal 295 Roper, Logan and Tierney nursing

model 93 Roper's Activities of Living 109 Rose Bengal 423 Royal National Institute for the Blind

(RNIB) 18 aidsfrom 21-2 Careers and Study Advisory Centre

460 child education 459 games from 123 helpful items from 134 Talking Book Library 22,454,457

Rubella, matern al infection, and congenital cataract 273

Rubeosis 304

Saline for irrigation 58 Sarcoidosis and uveitis 237 Scheie's procedure 263 Schiotz tonometer 39,251

Index

Schirmer's test 79-80,170,223 School child, visually handicapped

19-20 Schools for the blind 19-20 Sclera 228-30, 293(fig.), 294(fig.) Sclera, injury 230-1 Scleral spur 248(fig.),259 Scleritis 229-30 Scotoma 44

arcuate 255 (fig.) Scotopic vision 295 Scrub nurse, role 100-4 Self-care,

deficit model: Orem 9 -14 influences on 4(table) models 7,9-14

Serology, in conjunctivitis 190-1 Severe Disablement Allowance 453 Shadow reduction 135 Sheltered workshops 21 Sheridan Gardiner test 28,56 Shingles 219 Signposting in outpatient department

70 Sjogren's syndrome 169,171 Skin graft,

for exenteration 345 - 6 for eyelid surgery 153-4

Sleeplessness in hospital 116 Sn ellen E chart 28,56 Snellen test eh art 28- 9(fig.), 30, 56,

433 Social needs assessment 112 Social worker,

liaison role 447 old age assessment 22-3 role in medical setting 446-8 role in ophthalmie unit 448-51 role in visual handicap 445 -51

Sodium fluorescein 422-3 Sodium hydroxide 208 Spectacles,

for aphakia 286-7,436 correction 275-6 lenses 436-7 magnifiers 21 prostheses attached to 345

Index 495

reading correction 434 Spectacles, see also Glasses Specular reflection 38 Squamous cell carcinoma of eyelid

161 Squint 375-94

classification 387 measurement 385(fig.),386 mechanical deviations 395,388 mechanisms 377- 9 orthoptic treatment 387-92 surgery 391-2 types 375 variations 389-91

Squint, see also Concomitant squint; Paralytic squint

Stand magnifier 21,442-3 Staphylococcus aureus 213

in conjunctivitis 186 Stargardt's disease 320 Statutory Instrument 1974 No 1681

Factories 211 Statutory and voluntary services

456-61 Stereopsis 381 Stereotests 389 Steroids 415 -16

adverse effects 417-18 for anterior uveitis 237 in chemical injury 208 local 416-17 for posterior uveitis 239 problem 90 systemic 417 for thyroid eye disease 333

Stevens-Johnson syndrome 169,195 Sticky eye in newborn 187 StilPs disease and chronic uveitis 237,

239 Stimulus deprivation amblyopia 383 Strabismus, see Squint Strawberry naevus 337 Streptococcus pneumoniae 213 Stroke, visual field deficit 365 Stroma, corneal 201 Stye 156 Subconjunctival injection 62,215,217

steroid, for anterior uvetitis 237 Subretinal space 291,292(fig.) Sun lamp damage 211 Support services 112 Suppression of double image 382 Swinging flash light test 37 Symblepharon,

ring 208 rodding 208

Sympathetic nervous system, drugs affecting 420

Sympathetic ophthalmitis 244-5 Sympatholytic, action 419 Sympathomimetic, action 419 Synchysis scintillans 318 Synoptophore 390 Systemic disorders with ocular

sequelae 110 Systems models 6

Talking Book Library 22,454,457 Tamoxifen, toxicity 425 Tangent screen 46-7 Tarsal plates 141 Tarsorraphy, 330

lateral, for Bell's palsy 150-1(fig.) for thyroid eye disease 333-4

Tear film 163-5 precorneal, three layers 164(fig.)-5

Tears, aqueous portion 163-6 artificial 170 breakup time (BUT) 422 drugs in 409 elimination 166 outflow apparatus,

disorders 172-6 injuries 176-7

production control 164-6 'reflex' secretion 164

Technical Officer for the Blind 457 Teenager, visually handicapped 20 Temperature problem 91,95-6 Tenon's capsule 329 T ensilon test 148 Thermal injury 211 Thioridazine, retinal toxicity 425

496 Index

Timolol 259 Toddler, visually handicapped 18-19 Tonometer,

Air-Puff 251 applanation 248-9(fig.) Perkin's 249 Schiotz 251

Toxocariasis and posterior uvetitis 239 Toxoplasmosis and posterior uveitis

239 Trabeculectomy,

procedure 263-4 stages 256-7(figs)

Trachoma 469,472-5 blindness prevention 474-5 epidemiology 473-4

Trephine procedure 263 Triage, ophthalmie 57-8 Triage nurse, role 67 Trichiasis 35,143

in trachoma 473 Trigeminal nerve 328 Trochlear nerve 328 Tropicamide 61

Ultra-filtration 247 Ultrasonography 49-51,297-8

immersion method 300 Ultrasound, in orbital disease 333 Ultraviolet radiation damage 211-12 Uveal tract 231-44

blunt injury 244 component parts 234(fig.) congenital abnormalities 243-4 foreign body in 243-4 functional anatomy 231-3 inflammation 233-39 trauma 241-3 tumours 239-41

sites 242(fig.) Uveitis 235 -41

anterior 233-7 chronic 237 management 235 - 7

and cataract formation 277 diagnosis 55

posterior 237-39 systemic investigations 111

Uveoscleraloutflow 247

Venography in orbital disease 333 Venous varices, orbital 361 Vernal conjunctivitis 483 Vertical recti 373(fig.) Vision,

assessment 381-2 tests 381(table)

Visual acuity, after cataract extraction 290 distance, examination 28,30 examination 28 measurement 296,298-9 in patient assessment 56

Visual acuity assessment 433-6 Visual cortex 363-4(fig.) Visual evoked response (VER) 297 Visual field,

assessment 46 defects 43 examination 43- 8 loss,

in glaucoma 253,255-8 characteristics 255 (fig.)

perimetryanalysis 44 superotemporal 365

Visual handicap, guiding 108 rehabilitation 108 social aspects 445-67

Visual pathways 359-70 arrangement 360(fig.) congenital conditions 361-2 disorder, nursing ca re 365 - 70 functional anatomy 359-61

Visually handicapped, categories 15 children 459-60 principles of ca re 15-23 rehabilitation 16-17 in society 461-4 sources of support 449(fig.) training centres 16

training and employment 460-1 VitaminA,

deficiency, signs 476 xerophthalmia 475

sources 475 Vitamin B12 deficiency 371,372 Vitamin C 208 Vitrectomy 315,316-17

for haemorrhage 322 postoperative care 323-4 pre-operative care 322-3

Vitreous, anatomy 291 (fig.), 292(fig.), 293 conditions of 321-5 detachment 321 haemorrhage 318-2,325 loss 282

Vitreous humour 245 Vocational Assessment Centres 20 Von Lint technique 422

Index 497

Vortex veins 294(fig.)

Ward environment explanation 114-15

Water, drinking test for glaucoma 257 irrigation in chemical injury 208

Wedge resection of eyelid 146-7(fig.) Welding equipment damage 211 Workshops for blind 452 Wound breakdown 285

X-rays, in orbital disease 333 in orbital trauma 348

Xanthelasma 160 Xerophthalmia 169,469,472,475-8

prevention 477-8

Zonular fibres 234,294(fig.)