appendix sample plant list: plants used in crafts

Appendix B

Sample Plant List: Plants Used in Crafts

These trees, shrubs, and other plants are used in crafts according to published sources. No effort hasbeen made to identify or eliminate scientific synonyms or to locate all sources. (Source numbers are keyedto attached bibliography.)

Scientific name/common name Plant part(s) used Craft use Source

Abronia spp.Wild-four o’clock

Abutilon hybridumRed flowering maple

Acacia baileyanaAcacia

A. catechuCutch

Acacia spp.Acacia

Acer macrophyllumBig-leaf maple

A. palmatumJapanese maple

A. platanoidesNorway maple

A. rubrumRed maple

Acer spp.Maple

Achillea lanulosaYarrow

A. millefoliumYarrow

Actinea gaillardiaSingle-flowered actinea

A. leptocladaSeveral-flowered actinea

Adiantum pedatumMaidenhair fern

Adiantum spp.Maidenhair fern

Agave desertiiDesert agave

A. ixtliSisal hemp, henequen

Aesculus spp.Buckeye

Agaricus silvaticusMushroom

Agrimonia eupatoriaAgrimony

A. odorataFragrant agrimony

Agyrophora lyngeiLichen

Alectoria ochrileucaGreenbeard lichen

plants brown/yellow dyes

petals blue dye

pods, bark dye

wood, pods brown dye

flowers, stems yellow dye

stem, wood, bark basket warp, woof, wrap

leaves

wood

—

plants

flowers

leaves

plant

stemsstemsstems

leaves

—

—

—

plants

plants

—

blue dye

brown dye

gray/green dyes

colonial dye

yellow/brown/green

yellow/green dyes

Navajo yellow dye

Navajo yellow dye

Yurok basket weftCalif. Indian basketCalif, Indian basket

Calif. Indian baskets

ropes

basketry

dye

yellow dye

yellow dye

dye

dye

dyes

designdesign

1

4

6

6, 13

4

9

8

13

8

6

1

4

14

14

1099

9

5

5

12

13

13

8

8

33

34 ● Technology, Renewable Resources, and American Crafts: Background Paper


A. sarmentosaLichen

Allium cepaOnion

Allium spp.Yellow onionRed onion

Alnus glutinosaBlack alder

A. incana var. virescensBlack alder

A. oreganaRed alder

A. rhombifoliaWhite alder

A. rubraRed alder

A. tenuifoliaAlderMountain alder

Alnus spp.Alder

Althea roseaHollyhock

Amanita muscariaAmaranths retroflexus

Redroot pigweedAmaranths spp.

PigweedAmbrosia tomentosa

PovertyweedA. trifida

Giant ragweedAmbrosia spp.

RagweedAnaphalis margaritacea

Pearly everlastingAnchusa tinctoria

AlkanetAndropogon virginicus

Broom sedgeAnemone spp.

Blue anemoneAnthemis cotula

Fetid chamomile, stinkweedA. nobilis

ChamomileA. tinctoria

Golden MargueriteAnthemis spp.Antirrhinum majus

SnapdragonArbutus menziesii

MadroneArceuthobium spp.

Mistletoe

—

skins

—skinsskinsbark

bark

roots

barkbarkroot

barktwigs, leaves, fruit——

petals

—plants

plants

plants

—

plants

—

roots

—

flowers

—

flowers

—

—flowers

bark

plants

green-yellow dye

yellow dye

yellow dyeyellow/orange dyesdyeblack and dark dyes

Navajo red dye

Yurok basket weft

Yurok basket weft dyeCalif. Indian basketsCalif. Indian baskets

Navajo brown dyebrown/yellow/green dyesdyeShasta brown dyeEuropean black and dark dyeIndian dyepurple/black/brown dyes

dyeyellow/grey dyes

green dye

green dye

brown/yellow/green

yellow/green dyes

yellow dye

red dye

dyeyellow dyeblue/green dye

gold dye

yellow dye

yellow dye

dyegreen/gold dyes

brown dye

yellow/brown dyes

dyes

6

13

644

6, 13

11

10

1099

1418567

4, 6, 8

121

4

1

1

1, 8

4

6, 13

68, 13

4

4

4, 6

6

84

4

1

App. B—Sample Plant List: Plants Listed in Crafts ● 3 5


Arctium minusBurdock

Arctostaphylos alpinaA. uva-ursi

KinnikinnickArctostaphylos spp.

ManzanitaArctotis spp.

African daisyAreca catechu

CutchArgemone polyanthemos

Prickle poppyArtemisia frigida

SageA. ludoviciana

WormwoodA. tilesia

WormwoodA. tridentata

Basin sagebrushArundinaria macrosperma

CaneAsclepias speciosa

Showy milkweedA. tuberosa

Butterfly weedAsparagus officinalis

AsparagusAsperula odorata

Sweet woodruffAster porteri

White asterAster spp.

Purple asterAstragalus alpinusA triplex canescens

Saltbush

Baphia nitidaBarwood

Baptisia tinctoriaWild indigo

Berberis aquifoliumOregon grape

B. fremontiiBarberry

B. nervosaOregon grape

B. vu]garisAmerican barberry

Berberis spp.Barberry

Betula glandulosaGround birch

B. lentaSweet birch

plants yellow/brown/green dyes

— dyeplants yellow/green/brown dyesplants dyeleaves, wood brown dye

Calif. Indian black dve. awl

1

818494

6

1

1

9

8

1, 14

6

416

1

4

1

1

814

7

6

1497

9

6, 13

4

8

6

.flowers

wood, pods

green dye

brown dye

green dyeplants

yellow/green dyes

Calif. Indian baskets

leaves

stems

dye—

leaves, twigs Navajo yellow/green dyes

iyes

dyes

dye

lye

dye—

green dyeyellow/brown/greenyellow-brown dye

plantsplants—

yellow/green dyesplants

plants green/brown dyes

plants

plants

yellow dye

yellow/green/orange

dyeNavajo yellow dye

—plants

wood commercial red dye

leaves dye

Navajo yellow dyeCalif. Indian basketpurple Indian dye

root—berries

bark

d

dCalif. Indian basket

yellow/brown dyes

leaves, stems green/brown dyes

dye

brown/black dyes

36 . Technology, Renewable Resources, and American Crafts: Background Paper

Scientific name/common name plant part(s) used Craft use Source

B. luteaYellow birch

B. papyriferaPaper birch

B. pendula (B. populifolia ?)Silver Birch

Betula spp.Bixa orellana

AnnatoBoletus edulis

King boletusB, eastwoodiiB. elegansBrassica oleracea var. capitata

Purple cabbageBrickellia grandiflora

Tassel-flowerBrome]ia sylvestris

Silkgrass, pitaBryum cryophilum

MossBuddlejia davidii

Butterfly bushBulgaria inquinansCactaceae

Caesalpinia echinataBrazilwood

Calamus spp.East Indian rattan

Calceolaria angustifoliaYellow lady’s purse

Callistemon spp.Bottle-brush

Callistephus chinensisChina aster

Caltha palustrisMarsh marigold

Calluna vulgarisHeather

Calluna spp.Heather

Calycanthus occidentalsSpice-bush

Camellia japonicaCamellia

Camellia spp.Camellia

Campanula mediumCanterbury bells

C. rapunculoidesCreeping harebell

Cantharellus (?) clavatusPig ears

Canthareulus (?) cibariusC. infundiduliformis

——bark, leaves

—seeds

——leaves

stems

flowers/leaves/stems

——

wood

—

flowers

flowers, leaves

—

petals

leaves, stems

flowers, stems, bark

leavesflowersflowers

plants

——

brown/black dyes

brown/black dyesdyeyellow dye

colonial dyeyellow/orange dyes

dye

dyedyeblue dye

yellow/brown dyes

basketry

dye

green/brown dyes

dye

Papago rope, carved dolls,Indian basketry awlsred dye

basketry

yellow/orange dyes

brown dye

dye

yellow dye

dye

dye

brown dyeCalif. Indian basketsdye

dyegray dyegreen/blue dyes

brown dye

dye

dyedye

6

6813

67

12

12124

1

5

8

4

12

33, 104

5

4

4

6

6

8

6

498

644

1

12

1212

App. B—Sample Plant List: Plants Used in Crafts • 37


Cardamine pratensis var. angustifoliaBittercress

Carduus nutansMusk thistle

Cartharnus tinctoriusSafflower

Carex barbaraeSlough grass

C. mendocinoensisSedge

Carex spp.Sedge

Carya tomentosaMockernut

Carya illinoensisPecan

Cassiope tetragonaArctic white heather

Castanea dentataChestnut

Castilleja integraIndian paintbrush

C. miniataIndian paintbrush

Ceanothus americanusNew Jersey tea

C. integerrimusDeer brush

Ceanothus spp.California lilac

Centaurea cyanusCornflower

C. repensKnapweed

Cercis occidentalsRedbud

Cercocarpus betulifoliusMountain mahogany

C. breviflorus var eximiusMountain mahogany

C. montanusMountain mahogany

C. parviflorusMountain mahogany

Ceropteris triangularisGoldenback fern

Cetraria cucullataCaribou lichen

C. glaucaLichen

C. nivilisCaribou lichen

C. tilesiiYellow lichen

—

flowers

flowers

root, bark

root

plants

bark

bark

—

—

flowers, plants, roots

plants

roots, leaves

stems

flowers

petals

plants

bark

root

—root, barkstems

—

dye

brown/yellow/green dyes

red/yellow dyes

Porno basket weftCalif. Indian basket woofPorno basketsCalif. Indian basket wrappinggreen/brown/yellow dyes

yellow/brown dye

yellow/brown dye

dye

dye

Navajo tan/yellow dyes

yellow/green dyes

dye

Calif. Indian basketfoundation, warp

green dye

blue dye

yellow dye

Porno basket weftwaterproof basketsCalif. Indian basket warp

woof, wrap, foundationNavaho basket weft, dye

dye

Navaho brown dyebrown dyeIndian dyeNavajo brown dyeCalif. Indian basket design

dye

yellow dye

dye

dye

8

1

7, 13

109591

6, 13

6

8

8

7, 14

1

6

9

4

6

1

1059

10

2

1417119

8

6

8

8


Scientific name/common name Plant Part(s) used Craft use Source

Chenopodium spp.Green goosefootWhite goosefoot

Chlorogalum pomeridianumSoaproot

Chlorophora tinctoriasee Morus tinctoria

Chondrus crispusIrish moss

Chrysanthemum frutescentParis daisy

C. integrifoliumChrysanthemum

Chrysanthemum spp.Chrysanthemum

Chrysopsis villosaGolden wooly aster

Chrysosplenium alternifoliumvar. tetrandrumGolden saxifrage

Chrysothamnus bigeloviiSmall rabbitbrush

C. latisquameusBig rabbitbrush

Chrysothamnus spp.Rabbitbrush

Cichorium intybusChicory

Cinna macroura(Epicampes rigens californica?)

Cirriphyllum cirrosumCirsium arvense

Canadian thistleCladium mariscus (Carex spp. ?)

CladiumCladonia impexa

LichenClarkia spp.

GoditiaClavaria (Clauria ?) aureaClematis ligusticifolia

White clematisCleome serrulata

Rocky mountain bee plantClutia tranvancorica

CorallineConvallaria arvensis

Lily-of-the-valleyC. majalis

Lily-of-the-valleyConvolvulus arvensis

BindweedConyza canadensis

HorsetailCoprinus comatus

Shaggy maneCoreopsis auriculata

Coreopsis

plantsplantsplantsjuice

flowers

leaves, flowers

plants

—

—

flowers, twigs

flowers

plants

stems

—plants

roots

flowers

—plants

wood

leaves—plants

stems, leaves

—

—

green dyegreen dyeyellow dyeCalif. Indian baskets

dye

gold/green dyes

dye

dye

yellow dye

dye

Navajo yellow dye

Navajo yellow dye

dyeorange dyeyellow/green dyesyellow dye

Calif. Indian basket

dyebrown dye


pink dye

gold/gray dyes

dyeyellow/brown/green

Navajo yellow dye

orange/brown dyes

green dye

yellow dyedyegold/green dyes

green/yellow dyes

dye

orange dye

foundation

wrap

dyes

4119

8

4

8

4, 6

1

8

14

14

24

1, 71

9

81

9

13

4

121

1, 14

4

4

1381

1

12

4

App. B—Sample Plant List: Plants Used in Crafts ● 3 9


C. calliopsideaCoreopsis

C. cardaminifolia

— orange dye 4

7

4

6, 8134

8

681

4

4

1210

9

6

11

14

4

6

4

1

13

13

7

1, 4

6813

8

4

6, 8, 134

red Indian dyeflowersCoreopsis

C. giganteaCoreopsis

C. tinctoria (C.Calliopsis

Coreopsis spp.Coreopsis

orange dye—

flowers—flowers, seeds

dyeyellow dyeorange/brown dyes

marmorata)

Cornicularia divergensBlackboard lichen

Corn us floridaFlowering dogwood

Coronilla variaCrownvetch

Cotoneaster spp.Cotoneaster

Cotula coronopifoliaBrass-buttons

Cortinarius spp.Corylus californica

HazelnutC. rostrata californica

HazelCotinus coggygria

Smoke treeCowania mexicana

CliffroseC. stansburiana

Cliff roseCrataegus spp.

HawthornCrocus sativus

SaffronC. vernus

Purple crocusCryptantha virgata

Miner’s candleCupressus lawsoniana

(Chamaecyparis lawsonia)Cypress

Curcuma longaTurmeric powder

Curcuma spp.Turmeric

Cuscuta spp.Dodder

Cytisus scopariusScotch broom

Cytisus spp.Dactylina ramulosa

LichenDahlia pinnatua

Yellow dahliaDahlia spp.

Dahlia

dye—

bark, root—plants

red/violet dyesdyebrown/yellow dyes

berries tan dye

gold dye

dyeYurok basket warp

——

Calif. Indian basketwoof, foundation

yellow-orange dye

stems warp,

root, stems

Navajo brown dyeleaves, stems

Navajo gold dyetwigs, leaves

flowers green/brown dyes

flowers yellow dye

flowers blue/green dyes

plants green dye

brown dyecones

yellow dye—

roots

plants

—

Asian yellow dye

yellow dye

yellow dyedyeyellow dye

dye

——

flowers

flowers

yellow/brown dyes

dyeorange dye


Scientific name/common name P l a n t p a r t ( s ) u s e d –

Dalea emoryi stems(Parosela emery?)

Daucus carota —Queen Anne’s lace

Delphinium ajacis —Larkspur

D, consolida —D. scaposum petals, stems, leaves

Wild purple larkspurDelphinium spp. flowersDescurainia sophides —

Tansy mustardDicranum elongatum —

Lamp mossDigitalis purpurea flowers

Purple foxgloveDipsacus sylvestris plants

TeaselDondia suffrutescens stems

(Sueda suffrutescens?)Sea-blight

Draba glabella flowersMustard

Dryas integrifolia flowersMountain aven

Craft use

Calif. Indian basketyellow dyedye

Source

9

6, 8

blue dye 6

dyeNavajo gray/yellow dyes

a11,14

Indian blue dyedye

78

dye 8

green dye 4

green/yellow dyes 1

Calif. Indian basket dye 9

dye

dye

8

8

Echinocactus polycephalusDevil’s pincushion

Echinochloa crusgalliWatergrass

Empetrum nigrumCrowberry

Enteromorpha spp.Sea grass

Ephedra viridisMormon tea

Epicampes rigensCalifornia grass

Epilobium angustifoliumFireweed

E. /atifoliumBroad-leaved willow

Epiphyllum spp.Red-flowered orchid cactus

Equisetum arvenseScouring rush

Equisetum spp.Horsetail

Erica spp.Heather

Erigeron speciosusShowy daisy

Eriogonum umbellaturnSulfur flower

Eriophyllum staechadifoliumSeaside woolyaster

spines

plants

berries

—

Panamint basketry needlesCalif. Indian basket awlsbrown/green dye

591

dye 8

dye 8

twigs, leaves

stems

plants

Navajo tan dyegray/brown dyesCalif. Indian basket foundation

1419

yellow/green/brown dyes 1

dye 8

red dye 4—

stems

shoots

shoots

plants

stems, flowers

flowers

yellow dye 1

dyegreen dyeyellow dyedyegreen/yellow dyes

6, 8131381

gold dye 1

gold/brown dyes 4



Erodium spp.Filaree

Eschscholtzia spp.California poppy

Eucalyptus cocciferaTasmanian snow-gum

E. globulusBlue-gum

E. leucoxylonWhite-iron bark eucalyptus

E. polyanthemosSilver dollar

Eucalyptus spp.Euphorbia esula

Leafy spurgeE. marginata

Snow-on-the-mountainE. pulcherrima

PoinsettiaEvernia prunastri

Staghorn lichenE. vulpina

Wolf moss

Fagus sylvaticaBeech

Festuca baffinensisGrass

Filipendula ulmariaMeadowsweet

Foeniculum vulgareFennel

Forestiera neomexicanaIronwood

Fraxinus americanaAsh

Fucus Spp.

Rockweed

Gaillardia aristataGaillardia

Galium borealeLady’s bedstraw

Galium spp.Bedstraw

Garrya ellipticaSilk-tassel shrub

Gaultheria shallonSalal

Gaylussacia baccataBlack huckleberry

Genista tinctoriaDyer’s broom

Geranium robertianumWild geranium

G. tiscosissimumSticky geranium

Gnaphalium spp.Cudweed

plants

—

leaves

bark, leaves, shoots

leaves, pods

—

——

plants

leaves

—

plants

—

shoots

roots

berries

—

plants

plant, root

—

fruits

berries

berries

plants

plants

plants

—

green dye

dye

gold/green dyes

green/brown dyes

orange dye

red dye

gold dyeyellow/brown dyes

yellow/brown dyes

brown dye

brown/purple dyesdyeCalif. Indian basket

dye

purple dye

black dye

yellow/brown dyes

Navajo gray dye

dye

dye

yellow dye

dye

yellow/green/brown dyesred/yellow dyesdye

gray dye

blue/green dyes

purple dye

yellow dye

yellow/brown dyes

yellow/brown dyes

yellow/green dyes

4

6

4

4

4

4

61

1

4

1389

8

8

13

4

14

8

8

1

1138

4

4

13

6134

1

4



Gomphidius glutinousGomphus fluccosusGossypium hopi

Hopi cottonGossypium spp.

CottonGrevillea robusta

Silk oakGrindelia sqarrosa

GumweedGrindelia spp.

Gum plantGutierrezia sarothrae

MatchbrushGymnogramma triangularis

(Ceropteris triangularis?)Goldenback fern

Gymnopilus junonium(Pholiota spectabilis ?)

Haematomma lapponicumPopcorn lichen

Haematoxylon campechianumLogwood

Haplopappus spinulosusSpiny goldenweed

Hedera helixIvy

Helenium hoopesiiOwl’s claw

Helenium spp.Helianthus annuus

SunflowerH. uniflora

Aspen sunflowerHelianthus spp.

SunflowerHelichrysum petiolatum

Cudweed everlastingHemerocallis spp.

Day lilyHemizonia luzulaefolia

TarweedHeracleum lanatum

Cow parsnipHeteromeles arbutifolia

Christmas berryHeuchera americana

Alum plantH. bracteata

Navajo teaH. cylindrical

Alum plantH. micrantha

Alum plantHibiscus rosa-sinensis

Hibiscus

———

flowers

leaves

plants

flowers, pods

plants

stems

—

—

wood

plants

berries

plants, flowers

—seed oilflowersflowers

seeds

leaves, flowers

flowers

plant

—

leaves, stems, berries

root

stems

root

root

—

dyedyeweaving

yellow dye

yellow/green dyes

yellow/green dyes

yellow dye

yellow/brown dyes


dye

dye

design

red/blue/purple/brown dyes

brown/yellow dyes

green/gray dyes

Navajo yellow dye

dyeyellow dyegreen/brown/yellowyellow/brown dyes

Hopi dye

yellow/brown/green

yellow dye

yellow/green dyes

green/yellow/brown

dyes

dyes

dyes

brown/green/black dyes

alum mordant

Navajo dye

alum mordant

Porno mordant

dye

and dye

12122

13

4

1

4

1

9

12

8

4, 6, 13

1

13

11, 14

6611

2

4

6, 13

4

1

4

4

11

4

4

8



H. syriacusRose-of-Sharon

Hibiscus spp.Rose mallow, red hibiscus

Hierochloe odorataSweetgrass

Hyacinths orientalismBlue hyacinth

Hyacinths spp.Hyacinth

Hydrastis canadensisGoldenseal

Hygrophorus coccineumH. conicus

Parrot mushroomH. hypotheiusH. miniatusH. puniceusHymenoxys metcalfei

RubberplantHypericum calycinum

Saint-John’ s-wortH. perforatum

Klamath weedHypericum spp.

Saint-John’ s-wortHypogymnia psychodes

(Parmelia psychodes)Shield lichen

Ilex spp.Holly

Indigofera ZeptosepalaIndigo

1. tinctoriaIndigo

Inodes palmettoPalmetto

Iris germanicaPurple iris

I. pseudacorusYellow flag iris

Iris spp.Iris

Isatis tinctoriaWoad

Zva xanthifoliaMarshelder

Jug]ans cinereaButternut

J. majorWild walnut

J. nigraBlack walnut

J, regiaEnglish walnut

Jug@;u;pp.

flowers

flowers

flowers

flowers

roots

leaves/stems/flowers

flowers

shoots

plants

leaves

leaves

flowers

—

flowersleavesleaves

stems, leaves

hulls, leaves

twigs, shells, leaves

leaves, flowers

shells, twigs

blue dye

blue/green dyes

baskets

blue d)~e

blue dye

yellow Indian dye

dyedye

dyedyedyeNavajo yellow dye

orange dye

dyegold dyeyellow dye

brown dyedye

dye

blue Indian dye

dye

La. Indian baskets

blue dye

black dye

blue/purple dyesIndian basket foundationblue dye

brown/yellow dyes

brown dye

Navajo brown

Navajo brown

brown dye

Navajo brown

dye

dye

dye

4

4

10

4

4

7

1212

12121214

4

6, 8413

138

8

7

6, 13

10

4

13

49

4, 7

1

6, 7

14

4

4, 13

11

44 ● Technology, iRenewab/e Resources, and American Crafts: Background Paper


Juncus acutusRush

J. bahicusWiregrass

J. effususRush

J. Iesenerii (J. acutus?)Reed grassJ. mertensianus (J. acutus?)

RushJ. robustus (J. acutus?]Tule grassJ. textilis

Basket rushJuncus Spp.

Juniperus monospermaOne-sided juniper

J. occidentals

JuniperJ. virginiana

CedarKalmia latifolia

Mountain laurelKalmia spp.Kochia scoparia

Kochia

Laccaria amethystimaLactarius deliciousLactuca pulchella

Blue-flowered lettuceL. scariola

Prickly lettuceLaminaria spp.

KelpLarix spp.

Larch needlesLathyrus spp.

Sweet peaLedum decumens

Labrador teaL. greonlandicum

Labrador teaLepidium virginicum

PepperweedLepista nudaLeptospermum scoparium

New Zealand tea treeLetharia vulpina

Staghorn mossLiatris spp.

BlazingstarLigustrum vulgare

PrivetLigustrum spp.

Privet

leaves

stems, leaves

leaves

leaves

leaves

roots, leaves

leaves

leaves

needle ashesberriesroot, bark

stems, leaves—

leaves

——

———

—

—

—

flowers, stems

—

—

plants

—flowers, leaves, stemsstems—

stems

twigs, leaves, fruits

berries, leaves

Calif. Indian basket warpwoof, wrap, design

yellow/green dyesCalif. Indian basketsCalif. Indian basket warp,woofCalif, Indian basket woof

Calif. Indian basket warp,woof, wrap, foundation

Calif. basketsCalif. Indian basket designCalif. Indian basket wrap

Calif. Indian basket wrap,pattern

Navajo mordant, dye,tan dye

Calif. Indian basketwarp, woof

Navajo brown dyepurple dye

dyeyellow/gray dyesdyebrown dye

dyedyebrown/green/yellow

yellow/green dyes

dye

brown dyesdyeyellow/brown dyes

dye

dye

yellow/brown/green

dyegreen/black dyes

yellow dye

yellow/green/brown

dye

green/yellow dyes

dyes

dyes

dyes

9

199

9

9

599

9

14149

118

61381

12121

1

8

1381

8

8

1

124

4

1

6, 8, 13

4

App. B—Sample Plant List: Plants Used in Crafts ● 45


Linaria vulgarisButter-and-eggs

Lobaria pulmonaria(Stroba pulmonaria)Lungwort lichen

Lobelia erinusBlue lobelia

Lonicera interruptaHoneysuckle

L. involucrataTwinberry

Lupinus arboreusYellow bush lupine

L. kingiiBlue-flowered lupine

Lupinus spp.Lupine

Lycoperdon spp.Puffball

L. caelatumLycopodium spp.Lysimachia spp.

Yellow loosestrife

Maclura pomiferaOsage orange

Mahonia aquifoliumGrape holly

Mahonia spp.Grape holly

Malus spp.Apple

Malva neglectaMallow

Malva spp.Tree mallow

Marrubium vulgareCommon horehound

Martynia frangrans

M. louisiana(M. proboscidea?)Devil’s horns

M. parvifloraDevil’s claw

M. proboscideaUnicorn plant

Martynia spp.Devil’s horn

Matthiola incanaPurple stock

Matricaria ambiguaWild chamomile

Medicago sativaAlfalfa

plants

——

flowers, stems

stems

berries

flowers

plants

flowers

——flowers

wood

root, fruit

fruit, leaves, rootsfruitbarkbarkflowers, leaves

flowers, plants

stems, leaves

—

pods

pods

pods

pods

flowers

yellow/green/brown dyes

brown dyedye

green dye

Calif. Indian basketfoundations

gray dye

yellow dye

Navajo yellow

green dye

dye

yellow/brown/green dyesdyedye

dyealum mordantyellow/brown dyes

yellow/orange dyes

yellow dyeyellow/purple dyesblue/green dyesbrown/green dyesyellow dyedyeyellow/green/brown dyes

blue/green dyes

green/brown dyes

Pima basket weftPapago basket weftCalif. Indian basket

patternblack

Papago basket weft;rare from collecting

Panamint basketsCalif. Indian basket black

patternCalif. Indian basket black

patternblue dye

dye

Navajo blue dyegreen dye

1

138

4

9

4

4

14

418

12

1241

413613411381

4

1

10109

3

59

9

4

8

111



Melandrium apetalumvar. arcticumBladder campion

Melilotus oflicinalisYellow sweetclover

Menegussia pertusaLichen

Mentha piperitaPeppermint

Mentzelia decapetalaEveningstar

Mercurialis perennisDog’s mercury

Mertensia ciliataBluebell

Monarda menthaefoliaHorsemint

Morus mesozygiaCanary wood

M. nigraBlack mulberry

M. tinctoriaor Chlorophora tinctoriaFustic

Myrica californicaWax-myrtle

M. galeBog myrtle

M. pensylvanicaBayberry

Naemato]oma fascicu]are(Hypholoma?)Sulphur tuft mushroom

Narcissus pseudo-narcissusDaffodil

Neowashingtonia filamentosa(Washingtonian filamentosa?)

Nephrona expallidumLichen

Nerium oleanderOleander

Nicotiana spp.Maroon nicotiana

Nolina microcarpaBeargrass

Nymphaea albaWater lily

N. polysepalaWater lily

Ochrolechia parella(Lecanora parella)Crawfish lichen

O. tartarea(Lecanora tartarea)Cudbear lichen

plants

—

plants

plants

plants

stems

plants

wood

berries, leaves

berries

leaves

leaves, bark, stem

flowers

leaves

flowers

flowers

seed coat

—

dye

yellow/brown dyes

yellow/pink dyes

green/brown dyes

brown dye

yellow dye

yellow/brown dyes

yellow/brown/gray dyes

yellow/orange dyes

purple/green dyes

commercial yellowimported dyeBrazil, Jamaicagray dye

yellow dye

red dye

dye

yellow/gold dyes

Calif. Indian basket wrap

dye

green dye

green dye

Papago basket warp

brown dye

Calif. Indian basketblack dye

red dye

red dyedye

8

1

13

1

1

13

1

1

4

4

6

4

13

6

12

4

9

8

4

4

3

8

9

13

138

App. B—Sample Plant List: Plants Used in Crafts . 47


Ocotillo spp.Oenothera strigosa

Evening primroseOlea europaea

OliveOpuntia missouriensisO. polycantha

Prickly pearO. rubustaOpuntia spp.

OpuntiaOrthocarpus spp,

Owl’s cloverOxalis corniculata

Wood sorrelOxyria digyna

Mountain sorrelOxytropis arctobia0. maydelliana

Locoweed

Papaver nudicauleIceland poppy

P. radicatumArctic poppy

Parmelia caperataLichen

P. centrifugalLichen

P. conspersaLichen

P. disjunctaBlack sunburst lichen

P. fraudensLichen

P. fur furacerLichen

P. infumataRock lichen

P. mollusculaGround lichen

P. omphalodesLichen

P. perlataLichen

P. saxatilisLichen

P. sulcataLichen

P. saxati]isLichens

Parosela emoryiParosela

Pectis angustifoliaFetid marigold

Pedicularis arcticaWooly lousewort

. Papago basket warpyellow/brown dyes

31

4

plants

fruit, skins,leaves

fruitfruit

red/purple/green/black/yellow dyes

Navajo red dyeNavajo red dye

1113. 14

red dyeNavajo red dyeCalif. Indian basket awlyellow dye

4794

fruitspinesplants

flowers yellow/orange dyes 4

dye 8

dyedye

88—

petals, pods red/brown/yellow dyes 4

dye 8

yellow dyedyered-brown dye

1386

brown dye 8

dye 8

dye 8—

dye 13

dye 8

plants Navajo orange/tan dyes 14

brown dyered-brown dye; Harris tweeddyedye

6138

4, 13

—

—

dye 8

dye 4, 8

red-brown dyeHarris tweedCalif. Indian basket dye

6139

—

—

Hopi dye 2

8

—

dye—



P. capitataLousewort

P. lanataLousewort

Pelargonium hortorumRed geranium

Peltigera caninaDog’s tooth lichen

P. leucoplebiaLichen

Penstemon spp.Penstemon

Pertusaria coriaceaLichen

P. dactylinaLichen

Petunia spp.Petunia

Phaeolus schweinitziiPolyporus

Phaseolus vulgarisBlue kidney beanRed bean

Philadelphus gordonianusSyringa

Phoradendrom flavescensMistletoe

Phormium tenaxNew Zealand flax

Phragmites vulgarisReed

Physica caesia (PhysiaLichen

Phytolacca americanaPokeweed

Picea sitchensisLowland spruce

Pinus cembroidesPinyon pine

P. edulisPinyon pine

P. lambertinanaSugar pine

P. monophyllaOne-leaf pine

P. palustrisLong-leaf pine

P. ponderosaPonderosa pine

P. sabinianaDigger pine

Pinus spp.Pine

Pisolithus tinctorius

caesia?j

—

—

flowers, leaves

—

—

flowers

—

—

flowers

—

—

stems

—

flowers, pods

stems

—

berries

roots

pitch

pitch

root

sap

needles

root

root

needles, root

dye

dye

brown/purple dyes

yellow dye

dye

brown dye

dye

dye

green dye

dye

Hopi dyebrown dyeCalif. Indian basket warp

green dye

brown dye

Calif. Indian basket warp/woof/design

dye

red dye

Calif. Indian basket woof

black Indian dye

Hopi dyeNavajo black/gray dyesYurok basket weftCalif. Indian basket woofCalif. Indian baskets

basketry

Yurok basket weftbrown dyeCalif. Indian basket woof,

foundation, wrapCalif. Indian basket woof,

warp, wrapgreen dyeCalif. Indian basket woofdye

8

8

4

13

8

4

8

8

4

12

249

8

4

9

8

13

9

7

2141099

5

1019

9

4912



Pittosporum crassifoliumPittosporum

Plantago lanceolataPlantain

Plantago spp.Plantain

Pluteus cervinusPolygonum aviculare

KnotweedP. hydropiper

SmartweedPolygonum spp.

LadysthumbPolyporus sulphureus

Polypor mushroomPopulus nigra

Lombardy poplarP. tremuloides

Quaking aspenP. trichocarpa

Black cottonwoodPopulus Spp.

Cottonwood

Portulaca oleraceaPurslane

Potentilla vahlianaCinquefoil

Potentilla spp.Cinquefoil

Primula spp.Primrose

Prosopis junifloraMesquite

Prosopis spp.Mesquite

Prunella vulgarisHeal-all

Prunus americanaWild plum

P, demissa

P. melanocarpaChokecherry

P. padusEuropean bird cherry

P. persicaPeach

P. salicinaJapanese plum

P. serotinaWild cherry

P. spinosaBlackthorn

Prunus spp.Green plumRed plum

seeds blue dye

— brown dye

plants green/yellow dyes

— dyeplants yellow dye

green/brG-wn/orange dyes

4

4

1

12416

131

12

6, 13

1

9

10181

8

1

4

9

3

4

14

5

14113

6

8

6, 8

13

44

plants

plants

dycyellow dyebrown dye

dye—

leaves green dye

leaves, twigs yellow/brown/green dyes

woofCalif, Indian basketroots

branchesleaves, twigs

plants

Plains Indiansyellow/brown dyesdyebrown/gray dyes

dye—

plants yellow/green/black dyes

petals

bark

sap

flowers, stems

yellow dye


Papago pottery dye

green dye

Navajo purple dyeroots

Cascade Indian basketdecoration

Navajo brown dyeyellow/brown/orange dyespink dye

—

bark, rootstwigs, leavesbark

yellow dye—

dye—

bark, leaves red/gray/green dyes

berries pink dye

leavesfruit, leaves

green dyepurple/green dyes



Pseudocymopterus montanusWild celery

Pseudotsuga mucronataRed fir

P. taxifoliaDouglas spruce

Psilostrophe tagetinaMouse-leaf

Psoralea macrostachyaLeather root

P. tenuifloraScurf pea

Pteridium aquilinumBracken fern

Pteris aquilinaBrake fern

Pterocarpus dalbergioidesPadauk

P. santalinusSanders

Pterocarpus spp.Camwood

Pterospora andromedeaPinedropPunica granatum

PomegranatePurshia tridentata

BitterbrushPyracantha angustifolia

FirethornPyrus spp.

Pear

Quercus albaWhite oak

Q. borealisRed oak

Q. gambeliiGambel’s oak

Q. lobataWhite oak

Q. pungensScrub oak galls

Q. roburEnglish oak

Q. rubraRed oak

Q. sinuosaOak

Q. velutinaBlack oak

Quercus Spp.

Ranunculus acrisButtercup

R. nivalisSnow buttercup

plant

root

roots

flowers

roots

plants

shoots

root

wood

wood

wood

plant

flowers, skins, seeds

—

bark

bark

bark

bark

bark

bark

—

bark

—

—

bark

bark

—

—

Navajo yellow dye



yellow Indian dye

Calif. Indian basketyellow dyeyellow/green dyes

dyeyellow dyeCalif, Indian basket design

red dye

commercial Asian red dye

commercial African red dye

Navajo tan dye

brown/orange dyes

yellow dye

yellow/brown dyes

yellow dye

yellow/brown dyes

yellow/brown dyes

Navajo tan dye

Calif. Indian basket dye

Navajo gold/tan dyes

yellow/brown dyes

dye

dye

yellow dyecommercial dyecolonial dye

dye

dye

14

9

9

7

9

1

6139

4

7

7

14

4

1

13

13

13

13

14

9

14

13

8

8

676

8

8



Raphia viniferaRaffia

Raphiolepis indicaIndia-hawthorn

Raphis spp.Rattan

Reseda luteolaWeld

Rhacomitrium lanuginosumMoss

Rhamnus carolinianaBuckthorn

R. catharticBuckthorn

R. infectoriusRhamnus spp.Rhododendron lapponicum

Lapland rosebayRhododendron spp.

RhododendronRhodymenia spp.

AlgaRhus aromatica

SumacR. coriaria

Dyer’s sumacR. diversiloba

Poison oakR. glabra

SumacR. trilobata

Three-leaved sumac

R. typhinaStaghorn sumac

Rhus Spp.

Aromatic sumac

Sumac

Ribes nigrumBlack currant

Ribes spp.Currant

Roccella fuciformisLichen

R. tinctoriaLichen

Rosa spp.Wild rose

Rosmarinus officinalisRosemary

—

fruit

—

plants

bark, berries, twigs

bark, berries, twigs

berries——

leaves

—

berries

stem, sap

—

twigs, berries leaves,

—

twigs, leaves, berries

berries

berries

twigs, leaves

—

—

plants

plants

basketry

blue/purple dyes

b a s k e t r y

commercial yellow dye

dye

yellow dye

brown dye

yellow European dyedyedye

dyegreen dyedye

Calif. baskets

yellow-green dye

Calif. Indian basket warp,woof, dye, foundation

brown/slate/yellow dyes

Navaho basket warp, weftPanamint basketsHopi mordantNavajo black/brown dyesyellow/green/brown dyesCalif. Indian basket warp,

woof, foundationbrown dye

Navaho black dyeCalif. basketsbrown/yellow dyesred Indian dyedyepurple dye

brown/yellow dyes

dye

dyedyegreen/yellow/brown dyes

green dye

5

4

5

4, 7, 8

8

13

13

788

6, 848

5

13

9

6

1052

1419

13

115178

13

1

8

1381

4



Rubia tinctorumMadder

Rubus vitifoliusBlackberry

R. Spp.

BlackberryRudbeckia triloba

ConeflowerRudbeckia spp.

Black-eyed Susan

Rumex crispusCurly dock

R. hymenosepalusCanaigre

Rumex obtusifoliusDock

Rumex spp.Dock

Sabal palmettoS. adansoni

Dwarf palmettoSalicornia spp.

PickleweedSalix amygdalina

Almond-leafed willowS. argophylla

WillowS. argyrophylla

WillowS. fluviatilis argyro-

phylla (S. argophylla?)S. hindsiana

Sandbar willowS. lasiandra

Yellow willowS. nigra

Black willow

S. reticulateWillow

S. sitchensisVelvet willow

S. vitellinaGolden willow, osier

Salix spp.Willow

Salsola kaliRussian thistle

roots

berries

leaves, twigs, shootsberriesroots, flowers

—flowers

leaves, stems, seeds

roots

roots

roots

—plants

plants

stems

stems

leaves, stems, bark

stems

stem, bark

stem

———twigs, leavesstems, root

plants

commercial imported red dye


dyepurple dyegreen/yellow dyesdyedyegreen dyeyellow/green dyesbrown/green/orange dyes

Hopi dyered Indian dyeNavajo brown/

yellow-orangedye

gold/green dyesdye

basketrybasketry

yellow dye

basketry

dyes

Calif. Indian basket warp

Porno basket warp

Calif. Indian basket warp

yellow dyeCalif. Indian basket warpPanamint basketsCalif. Indian basket warpPima basket weftPapago basketCalif. Indian basket woofbrown dyed y e

Calif. Indian basket warp,woof

basketry

Yurok basket warp, weftPapago basket weft (rare)Havasupai basketsyellow/green dyesCalif. Indian basket woof

warf, foundation, designgreen/brown/yellow dyes

4, 6

9

6, 134, 81386411

27

11, 14

6

48

55

4

5

9

10

9

49591039138

9

5

103519

1



S. pestiferRussian thistle

Salvia officinalisSage

Sambucus canadensisElderberry

S. mexicanaElderberry

S. nigraElder

Sam bucus spp.Elderberry

Sanguinaria canadensisBloodroot

Santolina chamaecyparissusSantolina

Saponaria officinalisSoapwort

Sassafras albidumSassafras

Saxifraga cernuaNodding saxifrage

S. hirculus var. propinquaYellow marsh saxifrage

S. oppositifoliaPurple saxifrage

S. tricuspidataPrickly saxifrage

Scabiosa atmpurpureaPincushion flower

Scirpus acutusBulrush

S. lacustrisS. lacustris occidentals

TuleS. maritimus (S. robustus?)

BulrushS. paificus

BullrushS, robustus

BulrushS. tatora

TuleScirpus spp.

Bulrush, tuleSenecio aureus

Golden ragwortS. cruentus

Florist’s cinerariaS. douglasiiS. hybridus

Florist’s cinerariaS. jacobaea

RagwortS. triangularis

Arrowleaf senecio

plant

oil

leaves, berries, bark

stems

leaves, berries, bark

bark, leaves, berriesberry, stems

roots

blossoms

bark

flowers

plants

—leaves, roots

root

stems

—

root, stem

—

petals

stems, flowers, leavespetals

flowers

—

Navajo green dyes

yellow dye

yellow/purple/gray dyes


yellow/purple/gray dyesdyeblack/green/blue dyesdyesCalif. Indian basket dyered dyered Indian dye; threatenedgreen/brown dyes

yellow/green dyes

orange-brown dye

dye

dye

dye

dye

green dye

green/brown dyes

basketryCalif. Indian basket warp,

woof, designCalif. Indian basket design

Porno basket weft (scarce)

Calif. Indian basket warp,woof, foundation

basketry

basketryCalif. Indian basketsdye

green/blue dyes

Navajo weavinggreen/blue dyes

yellow dye

green/yellow dyes

14

6

13

9

138649674

1

4, 6

8

8

8

7, 8

4

1

59

9

10

9

5

598

4

114

4

1



Sequoia sempervirensCoastal redwood

Sequoia spp.Redwood

Sisymbrium altissimumTumble mustard

Smilax californicaGreenbriar

S. pseudochinaBull-brier

Solarium spp.Nightshade

Solidago bigloviaGoldenrod

S. canadensisGoldenrod

Solidago spp.Goldenrod

roots Calif. Indian basket woof 9

bark brown dye 4

plants yellow/green/brown dyes 1

stems Calif. Indian basket design 9

— basketry

plants yellow dye

plants Navajo yellow

— yellow dye

flowers Hopi dye

5

4

dye 11

6, 13

2yellow/green dyesdyeyellow/brown/green dyes

181Sonchus oleraceous

Sow-thistleSpartium spp.

BroomSporobolus spp.

(Epicampes rigenscalifornica ?)

GrassStachys spp.

Hedg-met t leStereocaulon alpinum

LichenStropharia ambiguaSueada diffusa

(Suaeda suffrutescens?]Sea blight

S. suffrutescensSea blight

Symphoricarpos albusSnowberry

Symplocos spp.Syringa spp.

Purple lilacTagetes erecta

MarigoldsTagetes micrantha

BitterballTagetes spp.

MarigoldTanacetum vulgare

TansyTaraxacum officinaiis

Dandelion

plants

yellow dye 13

stems Calif. Indian basketfoundation

9

green dye 4—

dye 8

dyeCalif. Indian basket dye

129

—stems

plants

berries

Calif. Indian basket dye 9

yellow dye 13

mordantgreen/yellow dyes

44

—flowers, twigs

dye 6

plant

flowers

flowers

rootsplants

Navajo yellow dye 14

gold/green dyesdyeyellow dye

4, 13813

dyebrown/yellow dyesdyeyellow dye

6184Thalictrum polycarpum

Meadow rueThea sinensis

Black tealeaves dye 4



Thelesperma gracilisNavajo tea

T. megapotamicumT. subnudum

Navaho teaThermopsis montana

False lupineThuidium abietinum

MossTorreya californica

California nutmegTragopogon pratensis

SalsifyTricholoma rutilansTrifolium spp.

Trefoil cloverTriticum spp.

WheatTsuga canadensis

HemlockT. caroliniania

Southern hemlockT. giganta

HemlockT. heterophylla

Western hemlockTumion californicum

(Torrya californica?)California nutmeg

Typha angustifoliaCattail

T. latifoliaCattail

Ulex europaeusGorse

Umbellularia californicaCalifornia laurel

U. pustulataRock tripe lichen

Umbilicaria papulosaLichen

U. proboscideaLichen

U. velleaRock tripe

U. virginisLichen

Umbilicaria spp.Brown rock lichen

Uncaria gambirCutch

Urceolaria calareaLichen

Urtica breweriNettle

plants

plants

root

“plants

—plants

—

bark

bark

—

bark

roots

leaves

flowers

fruit

—

—

—

—

—

—

leaves, twigs

—

bark

Navajo orange dye

Hopi dyeHopi dye

yellow dye

dye


brown/yellow dyes

dyebrown/yellow dyes

Papago baskets

red/brown dyedyebrown dye

Indian baskets

brown dye


Pima basket warp

woof

woof

Papago basket warpgreen/brown dyeCalif. Indian basket warp,

woof, design

orange dye

green/brown dyes

red dye

red dye

dye

dye

dye

dye

imported brown dye

purple dye


14

22

1

8

9

1

121

3

6, 138

13

5

13

9

10319

4

4

13

8

8

8

8

4

6

8

9



U. dioicaNettle

Urtica spp.Nettle, Dwarf nettle

Usnea barbataOld man’s beard lichen

U. lirtaLichen

Usnea spp.Vaccinium myrtilloides

Velvetleaf blueberryV. uliginosum

var. alpinumTundra bilberry

V. vitis-idaea var. minusLingonberry

Vaccinium spp.Blueberry

Variolaria orcinaLichen

Verbascum thapsusMullein

Verbascum spp.Mullein

Vicia benghalensisVetch

Vilfa rigensVilfa spp.

(Epicampes rigens californica?)Grass

Viola tricolorPansy

Vitis californicaWild grape

V. lambruscanaGrape

Vitis spp.Grape

Washingtonia filiferaDesert palm

Woodwardia radicans(W. spinulosa?)

Giant fernW. spinulosa

Giant chain fern

Xanthium italicumCocklebur

Xanthoria elegansRed lichen

X. parietinaYellow wall lichen

Xanthorhiza spp.Yellow root

Xerophyllum tenaxSourgrass

shoots

leavesberries

leaves

flowers

flowers

stems, roots

flowers

stems, roots

skins

leavesfruit

leaves

stem

stem

—

—

roots

leaves

dyegreen dyedye

yellow dye

purple dye

purple dye

blue dye

dye

dye

brown/green/yellow dyespurple dyepurple dye

yellow dye

yellow dye

green dye

Calif. basketsCalif. Indian basket

foundation, design

green dye

Calif. Indian basket woof,warp

blue dye

yellow dyepurple dye

Calif. Indian basket wrap

Calif. Indian basket design

Yurok basket weftCalif. Indian basket design

green/brown dyes

blue dye

yellow dyeblue dyeyellow Indian dye; threatened

Yurok basket weftCalif. Indian basket design

6138

41313

88

8

8

1138

1, 4

6

4

59

4

9

4

4139

9

1091

8

1387

105, 9


Scientific name/common name

Yucca arborescens(Y. brevifolia?)

Tree yuccaY. arizonicaY. angustifoliaY. baccata

Wide-leaved soapweedY. brevifolia

Joshua treeY. elataY. glauca

Narrow-leaved soapweedY. mohavensis

Spanish bayonetYucca spp.

Soapweed

Plant part(s) used Craft use

roots Calif. Indian basket design

rootsroots

roots

——

leaves

——roots

Papago basket weftHopi wool soapNavajo soap

Panamint basketCalif. Indian basket designPapago basket weftNavajo soapyellow/green/brown dyeCalif. Indian basket

foundationPlains Indians basketsHopi basketsNavajo yarn soap

Source

9

3214

5931419

105

11

Zea mays — Iroquois basket warp, weft 10Corn husk Cayuses, Umatillas, Nez 5

Perces, Wascos basketsPurple Indian corn purple dye 4

Z. mays amylacea corncob Hopi dyes 2Purple corn

Zinnia elegans — dye 6, 8Zinnia

Zostera spp. — basketry 5

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7,

Bibliography

Bliss, Anne, Rocky Mountain Dye Wants(Boulder, Colo.: Johnson Publishing Co., 1976).Colton, Mary-Russell Ferrell, Hopi Dyes (Flag-staff, Ariz.: Museum of Northern Arizona Press,1965).DeWald, Terry, The Papago Indians and TheirBasketry, Tucson, Ariz., 1979.Grae, Ida, Nature’s Colors: Dyes From Plants(New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc.,1974).James, George Wharton, Indian Basketry andHow To Make Indian and Other Baskets (Glori-eta, N. Mex.: The Rio Grande Press, Inc., 1903),3d cd., 1970.Kramer, Jack, Natural Dyes. Plants and Proc-esses (New York: Charles Scribners Sons,1972).Krochmal, Arnold and Connie, The CompleteIllustrated Book of Dyes From Natural Sources[Garden City, N. Y.: Doubleday & Co., Inc.,1974).

8.

9<

10.

11,

12.

13.

14.

McGrath, Judy Waldner, Dyes From Lichensand Plants (New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold,1977).Merrill, Ruth E., Plants Used in Basketry by theCalifornia Indians, University of CaliforniaPublications in American Archeology and Eth-nology 20:213-242, 1923. Reprinted under sametitle (Ramona, Calif.: Acoma Books, 1970).Newman, Sandra C., Indian Basket Weaving(Flagstaff, Ariz.: Northland Press, 1974).Reichard, Gladys A., Navajo Shepherd andWeaver (New York: J. J. Augustin Publisher,1936). Reprinted (Glorieta, N. Mex,: Rio GrandePress, 1968),Rice, Miriam C., Let’s Try Mushrooms for Color[Santa Rosa, Calif.: Thresh Publications, 1974).Robertson, Seonaid M., Dyes From Plants (NewYork: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1973).Young, Stella, Navajo Native Dyes, Their Prep-aration and Use, U.S. Office of Indian Affairs,1979, reprint of Chilocco Agricultural School,No. 2, Indian Handicrafts, 1940.

U . S . GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1984 0 - 34-177

appendix sample plant list: plants used in crafts

Documents