appendix -ii ug syllabus 20-09-07

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    FIRST YEAR BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

    B. Tech (Civil Engineering) Sem VII & VIII / 07 08 1/52

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    Name of Course :Engineering Physics I

    1 Crystal StructureSpace lattice, atomic basis, crystal lattice and unit cell, Bravais lattices,coordination number, atomic radius, packing factor, monoatomic cubic crystalsystem-SC, BCC and FCC, diatomic crystals,CsCl2,, NaCl, Diamond, Barium

    Titanate, Miller Indices, Miller Planes and directions, Ligancy and critical radiusratios of ligancy 3-12.2 Semiconductors

    The band theory of solids, energy gap, classification of solids the energy bandstructure of some typical solids, electron distribution function, Fermi-Diracdistribution function, energy band structure of conductor, insulator andsemiconductor, intrinsic semiconductor at 0 K and at room temperature,intrinsic carries, electron and hole concentration, Fermi level in intrinsicsemiconductor, intrinsic density, intrinsic conductivity, bipolar junctiontransistor..

    3 Acoustics and Ultrasonics

    Elementary acoustics, acoustics of building echo and reverberation timeabsorption of sound, Sabines formula-- derivation, and drawbacks, cringsequation, measurement of absorption coefficient-by single double sourcemethod, acoustics planning of the auditorium.Ultrasonics: magnetostriction and piezoelectric effects, production of ultrasonics by production by magnetostriction and piezoelectric method, properties of ultrasonic waves, cavitations effect, flaw detection ultrasonicemulsification, depth sounding, ultrasonic soldering, ultrasonic drilling.

    4 Electricity and MagnetismConcept of potential gradient, equipotential surfaces Lorentz force, motion of electrons in uniform electric field parallel, perpendicular, and inclined fields,

    electrostatics deflection, motion of electrons in the uniform magnetic fields parallel, perpendicular, and inclined fields, magneto static deflection, electricand magnetic fields in cross field configuration, velocity filters, electron optics,electron diffraction- Bethes law, electrostatic lenses, electron gun, cathode raytube, electrostatic and magneto static deflection system, cathode ray oscilloscope(CRO)-construction working and applications.PRACTICALS:

    1 Study of crystal structure 1 (Unit Cell)

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    2 Study of crystal structure 2 (Miller Indices)3 Characteristics of PN Junction Diode4 Characteristics of transistor 5 Ultrasonic Interferometer 6 Ultrasonic Flaw Detector

    7 Ultrasonic processor and cleaner 8 Cathode Ray OscilloscopeRECOMMENDED BOOKS:

    1 Engineering Physics , R.K.Gaur and S.L.Gupta2 Material Science and Engineering , V. Raghavan3 A Textbook of Engineering Physics, M.N.Avadhanulu, P.G.Khirsagar 4 Solid State Physics , KittleName of Course :Engineering Mathematics

    1 Complex NumbersArgand diagram, Cartesian, polar and exponential form of complex number,DeMoivres theorem, Power and roots of exponential and trigonometricfunctions, Hyperbolic and logarithmic functions, inverse trigonometricfunctions.

    2 Vector Algebra and Vector Calculus and Solid GeometryVector triple product and product of 4 vectors, Differentiation of a vector function of a single scalar variable. Theorems on derivatives of sum and product, Curves in space, Serret Frenet formulae curvature, torsion, osculating plane, normal plane and rectifying plane.Equation of plane angle between two planes. Equation of straight line angle between two lines, shortest distance between two lines. Sphere, section of sphere by a plane, tangent plane. Cone cylinder and quadratic surfaces or conicoid.

    3 Differential CalculusSuccessive differentiation of nth derivatives of function such as (ax + b)m , (ax+ b) -1 eax, Sin (ax + b), cos (ax + b), log (ax + b), eax sin (bx + c), eaxcos (bx +c), Leibnitzs theorem, Mean value theorems, Rolles theorem, Lagranges andCauchys mean value theorem, Idea of convergence and divergence series,Taylors and Maclaurins series, Indeterminate forms and L Hospital rule.

    4 Partial DifferentiationPartial derivatives of first and higher order, total differentials, compositefunctions and implicit functions, Eulers theorem on homogeneous functionswith two and three independent variables, Errors and approximations,Maxima and minima of a function of two variables.

    REFERENCE BOOKS:1 Higher Engineering Mathematics, Dr.B.S.Grewal-Khanna Publications2 A Text Book of Applied mathematics, P.N & J.N.Wartikar - Pune Vidyarthi

    Griha3 Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Erurin Kreyszing Wiley Eastern

    Limited

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    4 Applied Mathematics 1, G.V.Kumbhojkar-C.Jamnadas & Co.5 Applied Mathematics 1, Dr. U.B.Jungam, K.P.Patil

    Name of Course :Engineering Graphics-I

    1 IntroductionDrawing instruments, symbolic lines, lettering, dimensioning system as per I. S. conventions, geometrical constructions and tangential arcs (01)

    2 Engineering CurvesEllipse, parabola and hyperbola, by Focus directrix Method & Rectangle Method,Cycloid, Involute by various methods including their tangents and normals (02/20)

    3 ProjectionsProjections of points and lines to both the reference planes including HT and VT

    ( excluding application problems), Projection of planes inclined to both thereference planes( excluding H.T and V.T)4 Projections of Right Regular Solids

    Cube, prism, pyramid, tetrahedron, cylinder & cone with inclined to both H.P andV.P.( excluding spheres, hollow and composite solids)

    5 Orthographic ProjectionsMulti-view orthographic projections of simple machine parts by first angle methodof projection( 02/20)

    6 Sectional ViewSectional view of simple machine parts ( full section, half section, offset section, partial section, removed and revolve sections) (01/10)

    7 Isometric ViewsPRACTICALSAll the drawings should be prepared during the practical class hours using half imperial drawing sheets.

    1 Engineering Curves (01)2 Projections of solids (01)3 Sections of solids (01)4 Development of Lateral Surfaces (01)

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    5 Orthographic Projections & Sections (02)6 Isometric Views (01)7 Reading of Orthographic Projections & Sections (02)8 Building Plan & Section (01)

    Recommended Text Books:

    1 Engineering Drawing Plan & Solid Geometry by N.D.Bhat, Charotal Pub. House2 Machine Drawing by N.D.Bhat3 Engineering Drawing by M.B. Shah & B.C. Rana. Pearson Education4 Engineering Drawing 1 & 2 by N.H. Dubey Nandu Book House

    REFERENCE BOOKS1 Engineering Graphics by Glesecke & others Macmilan Publishers2 Engineering Graphics by Thomas E. French & others McGraw Hiel Publishers3 Fundamentals of Engineering Drawing by Warren J Luzadder. Prentice Hall of

    India.

    Name of Course : Elements of Engineering -1

    1 IntroductionEffect of temperature on resistance, Resistance temperature coeff, Work, Power energy and relationship between Thermal, mechanical and electrical units.( problems based on above topics)

    2 D.C. NetworksStar-delta transformation, series-parallel combination of network, Kirchoffs law,Loop and nodal analysis, Superposition Theorem, Thevenins & Noratonstheorem, maximum power transfer theorem.

    3 Magnetic CircuitsBH Curve, expression for eddy current loss, series-parallel magnetic circuits,Inductance, self inductance, mutual inductance and emf induced due to self andmutual inductance, coeff of coupling energy stores.

    4 A.C. CircuitsSinusoidal voltage and current waveforms , RMS and average value, R-L,R-C,RLC series parallel circuits, phaser diagram, power & power factor, series and parallel resonance

    5 Three Phase Balanced SystemThree phase voltage generators and waveform, star and delta balanced systems.Relationship between phase and line quantities, phase diagram power in a three phase circuit

    6 Generation of ElectricityBasic concepts about thermal, hydro & nuclear power stations

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    7 Single phase transformer Construction, principle of operation, emf equation

    8 Three phase induction motor Construction, principle of operationPRACTICALS

    1 Verification of Kirchoffs Current and Voltage Law2 Verification of Superposition theorem3 Verification of Thevenins Theorem and Nortons Theorem4 Study of Single Phase series and parallel circuits5 Verification of voltage and current relationship of Balanced Star and Delta

    networks6 Study of series Resonance

    REFERENCE BOOKS1 Principle of Electrical Engineering , A.Vincent Deltoro PHI2 Principles in Electrical Engineering, S.Parker Smith. Oxford university

    Name of Course :Computer Programming-1

    1 Programming paradigmsRole of programming languages, Programming paradigm, Algorithm,Programming constraints: Selection, Looping, Sequence. Language evaluationcriteria, Practices and attributes of good programming languages

    2 Data TypesCharacter set, variable names, data types, constants and declaration.

    3 OperatorsOperators & expressions, precedence of operators.

    4 Basic input and outputBasics input and output, formatted input and output

    5 Control StructureConcept of a block statement, if, if else, switch, looping structures For, Do,While

    6 FunctionsParameter passing, Use of pointers, Recursion

    7 ArraysOne dimensional, Two dimensional and multi dimensional arrays, their limitations,their initialization & manipulation

    8 Strings

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    String processing9 Structure and Unions

    Basic of structures, initialization10 File Management

    Low level file access error handlingPRACTICALSEach candidate shall submit a journal in which the candidate has recorded at least15 programs based on the topics given below. The programs can be implementedin Turbo C/Microsoft ANSI C.Algebraic problem Newton Raphson, quadratic roots etc.Array based searching sorting binary search, bubble sort.Matrix manipulations using real and complex elements.Banking applications fixed deposit interest calculations, loans repayments.Text processing extracting of words, searching sorting of words.Enumerated data types and sets.Recursion factorial calculation, quick sort algorithm.Study of internal and external Dos commands.REFERENCE BOOKS

    1 Programming Language, B.W.Kernighan, D.M.Ritchie - PHI2 Computer Programming UNIX &C , M.P.Bhave, S.A.Patekar, Nandu3 Programming With C , Schaums - TMH4 Fundamentals of Programming Language, V.Rajaram, PHI

    Name of Course : Workshop Practice I and II

    1 FittingUse and setting of fitting tools for marking, center punching, chipping,cutting, filing, drilling, tappingTerm work to include one simple job involving above mentionedoperations

    2 CarpentaryUse and setting of hand tools like hack saw, jack plane, chisels andgauges for construction of various jointsTerm work to include one simple job involving a jointDemonstration for wood turning and report writing

    3 Forging (smithy)At least one job for change of cross sectional area like round intorectangular or making a ring from a round bar

    4 WeldingEdge preparation

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    Term work to include one simple job having lap or butt welding of plates or fillet welding

    5 Plain turningOperations: simple turning, step turning, taper turningTerm work to include one simple job involving above mentioned

    operations6 Electrical board wiringHouse wiring, staircase wiring, go-down wiring, three-phase wiring

    7 Printed circuit boardsLayout drawing, +ve and -ve film making, PCB etching and drilling,tinning and soldering techniques

    8 Sheet metal and brazingUse of sheet metal working hand tools, cutting, bending and spotwelding

    9 PlumbingUse of plumbing tools, spanners, wrenches, threading dies,demonstration of preparation of a domestic plumbing line involvingfixing of a water tap and use of coupling, elbow, tee, tee and union etc.

    10 MasonryUse of mason's tools like trowel, hammers, spirit level, square, plumb,line and pins etc.Demonstration of mortar making, single and one and half brick masonry, english and flemish bonds, block masonry, pointing and plastering

    Name of Course :Engineering Chemistry - II

    1 Corrosion and its ControlIntroduction to corrosion, cause & effect of corrosion, chemical or dry corrosion,electrochemical or wet corrosion, types of electro chemical corrosion (galvaniccorrosion, pitting, soil, crevice corrosion, differential aeration corrosion, water linecorrosion, under ground corrosion, microbial corrosion), Corrosion control: Prevention of corrosion by material selection and design, cathodic protection, use of protective coatings(metals & paints)

    2 Fuels

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    Definition & classification of fuels, characteristics of good fuel, calorific value: high andlow C.V. Units, Dulongs formula with numerical problemsCoals, analysis of coal: proximate and ultimate with significance, carbonization of coal,types of carbonization of coalGaseous fuels: composition and properties of natural gas, LPG and coal gas

    Other sources of energy: wind power, water power, geothermal power, tidal power 3 Petroleum & PetroChemistryPetroleum, refining of crude petroleum oil, fuels for IC engines, Petrol, Diesel, Octane Number, Cetane number, Aviation gasoline, Cracking thermal & catalyticPetrochemicals Alkanes Alkenes, Cycloalkanes, benzene & its homologous derivedfrom petroleum & its fraction and their important related uses

    4 Electro ChemistryElectrolytes, Industrial Insulators, electric Cells, primary Cell, Secondary cell (battery) ,fuel cells

    5 Metallurgy & AlloysOre concentration, smelting, refining, metal extraction by electrolysis, metals as reducing

    agents in extraction processAlloys: Steel & alloy steels, duralumin, magnalumin, Solder alloys6 Environmental Chemistry

    Air pollution, water pollution, radio active Pollution, Solid waste materials, pollution bymotor cars and air crafts, pollution by noise, e - waste

    PRACTICALS:1 Estimation of iron in plain carbon steel2 Determination of zinc in brass3 Nickel in steel alloy4 Determination of lime in cement5 Nitrogen in fuel6 Transport fuel adulterationRECOMMENDED BOOKS:1 Engineering Chemistry, Jain and Jain2 Text book of Engineering Chemistry, M M Uppal3 Engineering Chemistry, S S Dara

    Name of Course :Engineering Physics II

    1 InterferenceSuperimposition of waves, constructive & destructive interference, general conditionsof interference, interference at parallel thin films reflected and transmitted light rays,antireflection coating, highly reflective coating, interference at wedge shaped film reflected & transmitted rays, Newtons rings, testing of optical flatness of surface

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    Beta and gamma functionsError functionDifferentiation under integral sign

    2 Integral calculusCurve tracing, Rectification of plane curves

    Double and triple integration Jacobian, properties of JacobianUses of Jacobian for evaluating integrals with transformationEvaluation of double integration by changing order of integration, changingto polar formApplications of double and triple integration to area, mass and volumecomputations

    3 Differential equationsDifferential equations of first order and first degree, exact differentialequation and those that can be reduced to exact by use of integrating factors.Linear differential equation, Bernoullis equation and equations reducible toliner equations, linear differential equations of higher order with constantcoefficients, complimentary functions, particular integralsGeneralized rule and P.I. for equation of type f(D)y = X where X = eax,sin(ax+b), cos(ax+b), xm, eaxV, xV where V is a function of x only.Cauchys linear homogeneous equation and Legendres differential equation.Method of undetermined coefficients and variation of parameter method.

    4 Partial Differential equationsFormation of partial differential equationMethods to solve the first order partial differential equations of the type:F(p,q)=0, F(p,q,z)=0, F1(x,p)=f 2(y,q), Lagranges form Pp+Qq=R Transformation of variables, Method of multipliers, method of grouping,Homogeneous linear equations, short method to find P.I., (1/F(D,D)(eax+by),(1/F(D2,DD,D2), cos or sin( ax+by), (1/F(D,D)(xr yr ), Non homogeneouslinear equation

    RECOMMENDED BOOKS :Higher Engineering Mathematics, B S GrewalA Text book of Applied Mathematics, P N Wartikar and J N Wartikar Applied Mathematics, G V Kumbhojkar, -C.Jamnadas & Co.Applied Mathematics, Dr U B Jangam, K P Patil and N M Kumthekar Advanced Engineering Mathematics, H.K. Das, S. Chand Publications

    Name of Course :Engineering Mechanics

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    1 System of Coplanar ForcesResultant of Concurrent force system, moment of force about any point, Couple,Varignons theorem, distributed forces in plane, Resultant of Parallel force system andGeneral force system

    2 Equilibrium of System of Co-planar ForceCondition of equilibrium for 1.Concurrent force system. 2. Parallel force system. 3.General force system, Type of supports, Determination of reactions at supports for various types of determinate structures, (without internal hinge), centroid of planearea, center of gravity of wires bent in different shapes, Area Moment of Inertia andmass Moment of Inertia, Analysis of pin jointed plane truss by method of joints andmethod of sections, introduction to Graphic statics.

    3 FrictionLaws of friction, equilibrium of bodies on inclined plane. Application to problemsinvolving wedge and ladders, screws and belt friction only simple problemsinvolving tension on both sides of pulley to be covered.

    4 Principle of Virtual Work and Forces in SpacePrinciple of Virtual Work application to link systems with single degree of freedomonly, Forces in Space 1. Resultant and equilibrium of concurrent force system. 2.Moment of force about a point and about an axis.

    5 Kinematics of particlesRectilinear motion, uniform acceleration, non-uniform acceleration, displacementtime, acceleration time and velocity time curves and their applicationsVelocity and acceleration in Cartesian and polar co-ordinate system, motion along a plane curved path, tangential and normal components of acceleration,Projectile motion, Simple harmonic motion, Relative velocity

    6 Kinematics of rigid bodies

    Translation, pure rotation and plane motion of rigid bodiesInstantaneous center of zero velocity and zero acceleration for bodies in plane motion7 Kinetics of particles and rigid bodies

    DAlembert principle, equation of dynamic equilibrium in linear and curvilinear motionLinear momentum, impulse momentum principle, Principle of conservation of momentumImpact of solid bodies, elastic impact, semi-elastic impact, plastic impactWork done by force, potential and kinetic energy and work-power energy equation, principle of conservation of energy

    PRACTICALS

    1 Simple Roof Truss2 Bell Crank Lever 3 Simple Beam4 Simple Jib Crane5 Link Chain6 Screw Jack (Friction)7 Shear Leg Apparatus8 g by falling weight method

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    9 Plane motion of bodies10 M.I. of fly wheel11 Compound pendulum12 Torsional pendulum13 Principle of conservation of energy (connected bodies with flywheel)

    14 Stiffness of springREFERENCE BOOKS:1 Mechanics for Engineers, Beer and Johnston, McGraw Hill2 Engineering Mechanics, Mclean and Nelson, Schaum Outline Series3 Engineering Mechanics, R C Hibbeler, Pearson Education4 Engineering Mechanics, A K tayal, Umesh5 Engineering Mechanics, Timoshenko and Young, McGraw Hill6 Engineering Mechanics,, Singer, McGraw Hill

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    Name of Course :Elements of Engineering II

    1 Fundamental Concepts and DefinitionsThermodynamics system, surroundings & boundary, thermodynamic properties, processes & cycles, Units & dimensions, energy, power, work,heat, Zeroth law of thermodynamics, temperature & temperature scale,Macro & microscopic approach

    2 Laws of ThermodynamicsPrinciples of conservation of mass & energy, continuity equation, first lawof thermodynamics, Joules experiment, application of first law of flow &

    non flow processes & cycles, Concept of internal energy & enthalpy,Applications of steady flow, energy equation to nozzles, turbines & pumps3 Power producing Devices

    Boilers & Steam turbines, reciprocating IC engines, gas turbines, hydraulicturbines, compressed air motor (theoretical study using schematicdiagrams, no numericals)

    4 Power absorbing DevicesReciprocating pumps & compressors, centrifugal pumps, rotarycompressors, blowers, study of household refrigerators & window air conditioners using schematic diagrams (elementary treatment only, nonumerical)

    5 Conventional & non conventional energy sourcesThermal, geothermal, hydraulic, nuclear, wind, solar, tidal waves, biogas,ocean thermal energy, biomass, fuel cells (schematic of plant layout)

    6 Heat Transfer Basic modes of heat transfer, conduction, convection & radiation, Fourierslaw of heat conduction, Newtons law of cooling, Stephen Boltzmannlaw of radiation, heat transfer, emissivity & its value for practicalinterpretation, Conducting & insulating materials & their properties,description of type of heat exchangers

    7 Introduction to metal cutting processesLathe, drilling, grinding & power saw machines, lathe machine, center lathe (basic elements, working principles & types of operations) drillingmachine; study of pillar drilling machine (operation only), introduction to NC / CNC machines

    8 Introduction to metal joining processesWelding, soldering & brazing methods and applications

    9 Mechanical Devices

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    Drives: Individual & group drives, belt, rope, chain, gear drives & frictionclutches & brakes (types & applications only)Machine elements: power transmission shafts, axles, keys, couplings, bush& ball bearings, flywheel & governor (types & applications only)

    10 Impact of environment on engineering activities, concept of sustainable

    development

    PRACTICALS:1 I C Engine2 Domestic refrigerator 3 Window air conditioner 4 Shell and tube heat exchanger 5 Solar water heating system6 NC / CNC machine7 Power transmitting elements: coupling, gear, shaftRECOMMENDED BOOKS:1 Basic Mechanical Engineering, G Shanmugam, Tata McGraw Hill2 Basic Mechanical Engineering, K Venugopal, New Age Publication3 Elements of Mechanical Engineering, Mathur S B and Domkundwar S,

    Dhanpat Rai & Co

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    Name of Course :Computer Programming II

    1 C++ fundamentals (moving from C to C++)Data types, preprocessor directives, input and output, manipulators (endl, setw(),setprecision), control structures, functions, arrays, difference between C and C++

    2 Objects and classesData hiding and encapsulation, private and public members, member functions,accssing class members, object as function parameters, static data and member functions, friend functions and friend classes

    3 Object installation and cleanupConstructors, parameterized constructors, destructors, constructor overloading,constructors with default arguments, default constructors and copy constructors

    4 Function and operator overloadingFunction overloading, functions with default arguments, inline functions, unaryoperator overloading, operator returning value, binary operator overloading suchas arithmetic, relational and assignment operators, overloading of insertion andextraction operators.

    5 InheritanceDerived and base class, protected members, overriding functions, private, protected and public inheritance, derived class constructors, types of heritance,virtual base class and inheritance relationship

    6 PointersPointer concepts, pointer variable, address operator, referencing and de-

    referencing, void pointers, pointer to functions and objects, THIS pointer, pointers and memory management, New and Delete operators, dynamic memoryallocation, linked lists, (single block and many small blocks of memory)

    7 Virtual functions and polymorphismPolymorphism and its types, need for virtual functions, pointer to derived classobject, pure virtual functions, abstract classes, dynamic or late binding

    8 Graphics

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    Text mode graphics, graphic mode graphics, colors and pallets, use of setting,drawing, filling and text functions, drawing various shapes, animation usingGetimage and Putimage functions, storing image on the disk

    9 File handlingFiles and streams, opening and closing a file, text and binary files

    10 Object oriented system developmentProgramming language before object orientation and advantages of objectoriented analysis, design and implementation, case study

    PRACTICALS:1 Simple programs to implement object passing and returning object2 Class for complex variables3 Data manipulation classes4 Matrix manipulation class with operator overloading5 String class6 Programs on inheritance and its types7 Programs on graphics and animated graphicsTEXT BOOK:

    Object Oriented Programming with C++, M P Bhave and S A Patekar, PearsonEducation

    REFERENCE BOOKS:1 The annotated C++: reference manual, ANSI base document, M A Ellis and B

    Stroustrap, Pearson Education2 Programming with C++, J R Hubbard, Schaums outline series, McGraw Hill3 Object oriented programming with C++, E Bslguruswamy, Tata McGraw Hill

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    BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

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    INCIVIL ENGINEERING

    S.Y. B. Tech. Semester III

    Course Name:-Applied Mathematics I

    1 Laplace TransformsFunction of bounded variation. Laplace transforms of standard functions such as1, tn eat, sinat,cosat, sinhat, coshat, erf(t), Linear property of Laplace- Transform. First shifting theorem,second shifting theorem,L {tn f(t)}, L {f (t)}, L {f(t)/t} L{ot f(u) du}, L {dn / dtn f(t)}Change of scale property:Unit step functions, Heaviside, Dirac delta functions, Periodic functions and their LaplaceTransforms.Inverse Laplace Transform using linear property, theorems, partial fractions and convolutiontheorem. Application to solve ordinary differential equations with one dependent variable.

    2 MatricesTypes of matrices. Adjoint ( Adjugate) of a matrix. Inverse of a matrix. Elementarytransformations of matrix, rank of a matrix. Reduction to a normal form.Partitioning of matrix. System of Homogeneous and non-homogeneous equations, their consistency and solution. Eigen values and Eigen vectors of square matrix, Cayley Hamiltontheorem and functions of square matrix.

    3 Fourier series and integrals

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    Orthogonal and orthonormal functions, Expression for a function in a series of orthogonalfunctions. Dirchlet's Conditions. Fourier series of Periodic function with period 2 and 2l,Dirchlets theorem, Even and Odd functions. Half range expansions, Parsevals relations.Complex form of Fourier series. Fourier integral.

    4 Vector calculus

    Scalar and vector point functions. Directional derivative Curl and Divergence,Consecervative, Irrotational and Solenoidal field. Line integral and its properties, Grrenstheorem, Stokes theorem, divergence theorem and its applicationsRecommended Books:Higher Engineering Mathematics, Dr B S Grewal, Khanna PublicationsA text book of Applied Mathematics, P N & J N Wartikar, Pune Vidyarthi GrihaAdvanced Engineering Mathematics, Erurin Kreyszig, Wiley Eastern LimitedEngineering Mathematics for Semester III, T Veerrajan, Tata McGraw HillMatrices, A R Vasishtha

    Course Name:-Geomatics I

    1 IntroductionVarious types of surveying- based on methods and instruments, classifications, uses andnecessity of geodetic surveying, photographic, astronomy and hydrographic surveyingDiagonal scale, various types of venires, micrometers on surveying instruments, principles ofsurveyingChain surveying, instruments required for linear measurement, minor instruments for settingout right angle

    2 Leveling and contouringDefinitions, technical terms, different types of levels such as dumpy, quickset, precise, autoTemporary and permanent adjustments of dumpy and auto levelDifferent methods of leveling, reduction of levels, problemsDifficulties in leveling work, corrections and precautions to be taken in leveling work Contour definitions, contour interval, equivalent, uses and characteristics of contour lines,direct and indirect methods of contouringRunning a level line, L section, cross section, methods of interpolation

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    Grade contour- definition, use, setting out in fieldComputation of volume by trapezoidal and prismoidal formula, volume from spot levels,volume from contour plan

    3 Plane table surveyingDefinitions, uses and advantages, temporary adjustments

    Different methods of plane table surveyingTwo point problemErrors in plane table survey, use of telescopic alidade

    4 Traverse SurveyingCompass: Bearings- different types, compass prismatic, surveyor, whole circle, reduced bearings, Local AttractionTheodolite:- Various parts and axis of transit, technical terms, temporary and permanentadjustments of a transit, horizontal and vertical angles, methods of repetition and reiterationDifferent methods of running a theodolite traverses, Gales traverse table, balancing of traverse by Bow-Ditchs transit and modified transit rulesProblems on one-plane and two-plane methods, omitted measurements

    Precautions in using theodolite, errors in theodolite surveyUse of theodolite for various works such as prolongation of a straight line, setting out anangle

    5 Setting out worksGeneral horizontal and vertical control, setting out of foundation plan for load bearing andframed structure, batter board, slope and grade stakes, setting out with theodoliteSetting out of sewer line, culvert, use of laser for worksSetting out center line for tunnel, transfer of levels to underground work Project / route survey for bridge, dam and canalChecking verticality of high rise structures

    6 Areas

    Area of a irregular figure by Trapezoidal rule, average ordinate rule, Simpsons 1/3 rule,various co ordinate methodsPlanimeter: types of planimeter including digital planimeter, area of zero circle, use of planimeter Practicals:Use of Amslar polar planimeter for finding the area of irregular figures and certifying it byusing Digital Planimeter Use of optical theodolite / Electronic theodolite for measurement of horizontal and verticalanglesTheodolite traverse, Gales traverse tableA two day project on theodolite traversing and plane table detailing,

    Use of optical theodolite / Electronic theodolite for one plane and two plane methodsSimple and compound leveling by using Dumpy / Auto Level, booking methodsMethods of plane tabling:- Radiation . Intersection and TraversingSetting out a simple foundation plan in the fieldRecommended Books:Surveying and Leveling, Vol I & II, Kanetkar & Kulkarni, Pune Vidyarthi Griha, PuneSurveying and Leveling, N N Basak, Tata McGraw HillSurveying, R Agor, Khanna Publishers

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    Course Name:-Building Materials and Construction

    1 IntroductionTypes of structures framed, load bearing and composite, suitability and economic aspects oeach type

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    2 Building materialsClassification of Building materials, requirements of building materials and products,functional, aesthetical and economicStudy of properties of materials: physical, mechanical, chemical, biological, aesthetical andother complex properties like durability, reliability, compatibility, and economic

    characteristics3 Surface finishesPointing: types, plastering: materials and types, painting, Building facia,Materials and products based on mineral binders, gypsum, lime, plaster of paris, cement,hydraulic lime, mortars and concrete, gypsum-concrete products.Paints and Varnishes: types and uses

    4 Masonry ConstructionStructural Clay products, Classification, Common clay brick, face bricks and tiles, ceramictiles, paving blocksBrick masonry, stone masonry and block masonry

    5 Doors and windows

    Types, materials used, manufacture of doors and windows, fixturesGrill work materials used, manufactureMetal and metal alloys: Products made of ferrous and non ferrous metals, Aluminum alloys,Types and Uses, Anticorrosive treatmentGlass Types and usesWood varieties and uses, defects in timber, preservative treatments, and wood composites.

    5 Floors and roofsFloors types of floors, floor finishes, suitabilityRoofs materials used, types, wooden and steel trusses, roof coverings, roof drainageSynthetic Polymer resins and resins based materials, floor covering, wall facing, heatinsulating and sound proofing plastics, water proofing and sealing resins, Method of Fixing.

    6 Excavation and foundationsExcavation in soils and rocks, shoring and strutting, dewateringSimple foundations like isolated, strip, continuous and raft, Pile Foundation

    7 Concrete constructionBatching and mixing, transportation and placing, curingPre-cast concrete advantages, suitability, manufacturing storage curing and erectionmethods for pre-cast componentsFormwork design of simple form work, materials for formwork, centering and staging, scaffolding

    8 Damp proofing and water proofing materials and methodsBitumen, tars and asphalt: Properties and usesRecommended Books:

    Building Construction, B.C. PunmiyaBuilding Construction, Mackay, Vol I to VIIBuilding Drawing, M G Shah, C M Kale, S Y Patki, Tata McGraw HillServices in Building Complex, V K Jain, Khanna PublishersEngineering Materials, RangwalaMaterials of Construction, Ghosh, Tata McGraw Hill PublicationsRelevant IS Codes

    Course Name:-Fluid Mechanics

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    1 Properties of Fluid:Mass density, specific weight, specific gravity, specific volume, vapour pressure,compressibility, elasticity, surface tension, capillarity; Newtons law of viscosity,classification of fluids, dynamic viscosity and kinematics viscosity, variation of viscosity with

    temperature; Basic concept applicable to fluid mechanics.2 Fluid StaticsMeasurement of Pressure:Pressure variation in a static fluid, PASCALs law, Units and scales of pressure measurement Atmospheric pressure, Absolute Pressure, Gauge Pressure and Vacuum Pressure,Hydrostatic Paradox.Piezometer,U-Tube Manometer, Single Column Manometer,U-Tube Differntial Manometer ,Inverterd U-Tube Differntial Manometer, Micromanometers. Mechanical Pressure Gauges.Hydrostatic force on plane and curved surface:

    Total Pressure and Center of Pressure, Pressure Diagram, Total Pressure on PlaneSurfaces and Depth of Center of Pressure, Total Pressure on Curved Surfaces, Practical

    applications of Total Pressure and Center of PressureBuoyancy and Flotation:Buoyant force, Buoyancy and Center of Buoyancy, Archimedes Principle, Principle of

    FloatationMetacentre and Metacentric Height, Equilibrium of Floating bodies and Submerged bodiesEvaluation of Metacentric Height Theoretical Method and Experimental MethodOscillation of Floating BodyFluids in Relative Equilibrium:Static fluid subjected to uniform linear accelerationLiquid containers subjected to constant horizontal acceleration and constant verticalacceleration, Liquid containers subjected to constant rotation

    3 Fluid KinematicsFluid flow Methods of analysis of fluid motion, Streamlines, Pathlines, Streaklines andStreamtubes.Types of fluid flow Steady and unsteady flow, Uniform and non-uniform flow, Laminar,Transitional and Turbulent flow Reynolds number, Reynolds Experiment, Rotational andIrrotational flow, Subcritical , Critical and Supercritical flow, Compressible andIncompressible Flow , One , Two and Three dimensionalCirculation and vorticity, Velocity potential and Stream function, Flow net

    4 Fluid DynamicsEulers equation, Bernoullis equation, Energy correction factor

    5 Flow Measuring Devices

    Measurement of discharge- Venturi meter, Orifice meter, Nozzle meter, Bend meter,Rotometer.Measurement of velocity-Pitot tube.Orifice - Classification, Flow through a Reservoir Opening i.e. Orifice, Trajectory of free jeHydraulic Coefficients, Experimental determination of hydraulic coefficient, Small and largeorifice, Time of emptying a tank with orificeMouthpieces-Classification, External cylindrical mouthpiece, Convergent divergentmouthpiece,

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    Bordas mouthpiece Notches and Weirs -Discharge over a rectangular notch and a triangular notch, Velocity of approach, End contractions, Cippoletti Notch, Discharge over a stepped notch, Time of emptying a tank with notch or weir, Ventilation of weir, Proportional Weir or Sutro Weir

    6 Compressible flow:

    Basic equations of flow (elementary study), Mach number, Mach cone,Area Velocity relationship, Stagnation Properties7 Ideal fluid flow

    Uniform flow, source and sink, doublet, free vortex.List of Experiments:

    HydrostaticsMeasurement of viscosityStudy of Pressure Measuring DevicesStability of Floating BodyHydrostatics Force on FlatSurfaces/Curved Surfaces

    Bernoullis Theorem

    Calibration of Flowmeter Calibration of OrificesCalibration of MouthpiecesCalibration of NotchesCalibration of WeirsFlow Visualisation -Ideal Flow

    Recommended Books:Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics, Dr. P.M. Modi and Dr. S.M. Seth, Standard Book HouseTheory and Applications of Fluid Mechanics, K. Subramanya, Tata McGraw Hill Publishingco. Ltd.Fluid Mechanics, Dr. A.K. Jain, Khanna PublishersEngineering Fluid Mechanics, K.L. Kumar, S.Chand & Company Ltd

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    Course Name:-Mechanics of Solids

    1 Axial Force, Shear Force and Bending moment DiagramAxial force, shear force and bending moment diagrams for statically determinate beams andframes.

    2 Simple Stress & StrainDefinitions of Stress, Strain, Modulus of elasticity, Modulus of Rigidity, Bulk Modulus, Yieldstress, Ultimate stress, Factor of safety, Shear stress, Poisson ratio, Bars of varying sections,Stress due to self weight. Composite sections, Temperature stresses.

    3 Theory of Pure BendingFlexure formula for straight beams, moment of inertia, product of inertia and polar moment oinertia of plane areas, principal axes of inertia, moments of inertia about principal axes,Transfer theorem, flitched beams. Unsymmetrical bending. Flexural stresses due to bending itwo planes for symmetrical sections, bending of unsymmetrical sections.

    4 Shear Stress in BeamsDistribution of shear stress across plane sections, shear connectors. Shear center of thinwalled sections such as angle, tee, channel and I sections.

    5 Simple theory of torsionTorsion of circular shafts solid and hollow, stresses in shaft when transmitting power, close-coiled helical springs under axial load.

    6 Bending moment combined with axial loadsApplication to members subjected to eccentric loads, core of a section, problems onchimneys, retaining walls etc., involving lateral loads.

    7 Stresses and strains in thin cylindrical and spherical shells under internal pressure.8 Principal stresses

    General equations for transformation of stress, principal planes and principal stresses,maximum shear stress, determination using Mohrs circle, principal stresses in beams, principal stresses in shafts subjected to torsion, bending and axial thrust, concept of equivalent torsional and bending moments.Recommended Books:Mechanics of Materials, E. P. Popov, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd..Mechanics of Materials, Timoshenko & Gere, Tata McGraw Hill Book Publishing Co. Ltd..Engineering Mechanics, Timoshenko & Young, Tata McGraw Hill Book Publishing Co. Ltd.Mechanics of Structures, S.B. Junnarkar, Charotar Publishers.Mechanics of Materials, James M. Gere, Brooks/Cole.Strength of Materials, G.H. Ryder, MacMillan.Mechanics of Materials, Peter & Singer, McGraw Hill.Strength of Materials, Schaums Outline Series, William A. Nash, McGraw Hill Book Co.Mechanics of Materials, Beer & Johnston, McGraw Hill Books Publishing Co. Ltd..

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    Course Name:-Concrete Technology

    1 Properties of Ingredients:Properties of coarse and fine aggregates and their influence on concrete, types of cement andtheir use, physical properties of 33 Grade, 43 Grade, 53 Grade ordinary Portland cement,Portland pozzolana cement, rapid hardening Portland cement, hydrophobic cement, low heat

    Portland cement and sulphate resisting Portland cement as per relevant I.S. codesStone types and properties, preservative treatments, stone aggregates.2 Grades of concrete:

    Concrete for ordinary work, light weight concrete, high density concrete, workability,durability and strength requirements, effect of w/c ratio, acceptability criteria, laboratorytesting of fresh and hardened concrete.

    3 Concrete mix design:Mix design for compressive strength by I.S. methods, road note method and British method,mix design for flexural strength.

    4 High performance concrete:Constituents of high grade concrete, various tests and application of high performance

    concrete.5 Admixtures:Plasticizers, retarders, accelerators and other admixtures, test on admixtures, chemistry andcompatibility with concrete.

    6 Ready mix concrete: requirements of ready mix concrete, transit mixer details, mix design ofRMC.

    7 Concrete for repairs and rehabilitation of structures:Polymer concrete, fiber reinforced concrete, polymer impregnated concrete, polymer modified cement concrete and Ferro cement, different tests.

    8 Non-Destructive testing of concrete:hammer test, ultrasonic pulse velocity test, load test, carbonation test, half cell potentio-metercorrosion of steel, core test and relevant provision of I.S. codes.List of experiments:Effect of w/c ratio o workability (slump cone, compaction factor, V-B test, flow table)Effect of w/c ratio on strength of concrete,Mix design in laboratory Non destructive testing of concrete some applications (hammer, ultrasonic)Secant modulus of elasticity of concrete & indirect tensile test on concrete.Study of admixtures & their effect on workability and strength of concrete.

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    Modulus of rupture of concrete.Permeability test on concreteTests on polymer modified mortar / concreteTests on fiber-reinforced concreteFlexture test on beam (central point load and two point load) (plotting of load deflection curv

    and finding value of E)Recommended Books:Plain & reinforced concrete, Vol. I, O.P. Jain & Jaikrishna,Concrete technology, theory and practice, M.S. Shetty.Properties of concrete, Neville, El, Society & Pub.Relevant I.S. codes.Special Publication of ACI on Polymer concrete and FRC.Proceedings of International Conferences on Polymer Concrete and FRC.

    Course Name:- Construction Materials Laboratory

    Following experiments to be performed as per relevant IS standards:Physical properties of Cement :Consistency,compressive strength,initial & final setting time,soundness.

    Bricks:water absorptioncompressive strength

    Wood:TensionCompression

    Tiles:transverse test

    water absorption testSteel:

    Tension test on mild steel bars (stress-strain) behavior, Young's modulusdetermination)Test on tour steel bar ( tension,bend & rebend)Test on cast iron (transverse, tension)

    Shear test on mild steel bar / cast iron bar Torsion test on mild steel, cast iron bar Brinell hardness testRockwell hardness testIzod impact test / charpy test

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    Aggregates:sieve analysiscrushing valueshape testimpact testabrasion testcrushing testLos angels abrasion testsoundness test

    Bitumen:Penetration testDuctility testSoftening point testViscosity testFlash & fire point test

    S.Y. B. Tech. Semester IV

    Course Name:- Applied Mathematics- II

    1 StatisticsReview of measures of central tendency, measure of variation and probability, Discrete andcontinuous Random variable Binomial, Poisson and Normal distribution. Random sampling,sampling distribution, Standard error, Central limit theorem. Estimation of parameters, pointestimation, interval estimation, confidence internal. Testing of Hypothesis, Large sample andsmall sample tests. t test and F test, Chi-square testCorrelation and regression, Coefficient of correlation and Rank correlation, Regressionanalysis. Curve fitting, method of least squareStatistical quality control and control chartsAnalysis of variance

    2 Numerical Methods

    Solutions of systems of linear algebric equations. Gauss Elimation, Gauss Jordan, Crouts(LU) method, Gauss Seidal and jacobi iterationDifferential equation ,Taylor Series method, Picard method, Rungakutta method, Euler methodRecommended Books:Mathematical Statistics, Kapur & SaxenaStatistics, Schaums Series Numerical Methods for Engineers, S K Gupta

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    Introductory methods of numerical analysis, S S Sastry

    Course Name:- Geomatics- II1 Curves

    Definitions of different terms, necessity of curves and types of curvesSimple circular curves and compound curves, office and field work, linear methods of settingout of curvesAngular methods for setting out of curves, two theodolite and Rankine deflection anglemethodsReverse and transition curves, their properties and their advantages, design of transitioncurves, shift, spiral angleComposite curves office and field work, setting out of curve by angular method, composite

    curve problemsVertical curves definitions, geometry and types, tangent correction and chord gradientmethods, sight distance on a vertical curve, difficulties in setting out curves and solutions forthe same

    2 Modern surveying instrumentsElectronics in surveying, general principles used in the instrumentsAuto levels, self compensating instrument , Digital LevelElectronic distance measurements - types, principles, applications of Total Station in

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    surveying, corrections for field observationsElectronic digital theodolite types, uses and applications, concept of total stationUse of computer in survey work for level computation and plotting contour plan

    3 Tacheometric surveyingPrinciples and uses, advantages, stadia formula, different methods of tacheometer, subtense

    bar method, location details by tacheometer, stadia diagram and tables, error and accuracy intacheometry survey work 4 Global Positioning System (G.P.S)

    G.P.S. Segments: Spaces Segment, Control Segment, User SegmentFeatures of G.P.S. Satellites, Principle of OperationSurveying with G.P.S.: Methods of observations, Absolute Positioning, Relative Positioning,differential G.P.S., Kinematics of G.P.S.G.P.S. Receivers: Navigational Receivers, Surveying Receivers, Geodetic Receivers,Computation of Co- ordinates:- Transformation from Global to Local Datum , GeodeticCoordinates to map co- ordinates , G.P.S. Heights and mean sea level HeightsApplications of G.P.S.

    5 Remote Sensing:Electromagnetic remote sensing processPhysics of radiant energy: Nature of Electromagnetic radiation, Electromagnetic spectrumEnergy Source and its CharacteristicsAtmospheric influences: Absorption, ScatteringEnergy interaction with Earth Surfaces: Spectral reflectance CurveImage Acquisition: Photographic sensors, Digital Data, Earth Resource satellites, ImageresolutionImage InterpretationApplication of Remote Sensing

    6 Geographical Information System:

    Information systems, spatial and non- spatial information, geographical concept andterminology, advantages of GIS, Basic component of GISCommercially available GIS hardware and SoftwareField data, statistical data, maps, aerial Photographs, satellite data, points , lines, and areasfeatures, vector and raster data, data entry through keyboard, digitizer and scanners, preprocessing of data rectification and registration , interpolation techniquesPracticals:To find the constants of a tacheometer and to verify field distancesA project for preparing L section and cross section, block contouring and tacheometric surveHeight and distance problems in tacheometric surveyingStudy of satellite images and its interpretation

    Determination of horizontal, sloping and vertical distance between any two points by usingTotal StationGeo-registration of map and its digitization by using suitable GIS software.Map editing, vector and raster analysis of digitized map by using suitable GIS softwareCollection of field data like point data, line data and area data by using surveying andmapping GPS receiver Recommended Books:Surveying and Leveling, Vol I & II, III, B.C.Punmiya , Laxmi Publication

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    Surveying and Leveling, N N Basak, Tata McGraw HilSurveying, R Agor, Khanna PublishersConcepts and Techniques of Geographical Information System, Lo C.P.Yeung A K W,Prentice Hall IndiaIntroduction to Geographical Information System, Kang-tsung Chang, Tata mcGraw Hill

    Remote sensing and Geographical information sysytem, K. Anjali Rao , BS Publications

    Course Name:- Engineering Geology

    1 Introduction

    Branches of geology useful to civil engineering, importance of geological studies in variouscivil engineering projects2 General geology

    Internal structure of the earth & use of seismic waves in understanding the interior Agents modifying the earth surface, study of weathering & its significance in physical &engineering properties of rocks like strength & water tightness, durability etc.Geological action of river, wind & glaciers, erosion; transport & depositional landformscreated by them

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    11 Stability of hill slopesLand slides, their types, causes and preventive measures for landslides

    12 Building stonesGeological factors controlling properties of good building stones, consideration of commonrocks as building stones, study of different building stone from various formation in Indian

    peninsula, geological factors controlling location of quarries, quarrying methods andquarrying operationsPracticals:Study of physical properties of the mineralsIdentification of minerals- crystalline, crypto-crystalline and amorphous silica & their varieties, Orthoclase, Microcline, Plagioclase, Muscovite, Biotite, Hornblende, Asbestos,Augite, Olivine, Tourmaline, Garnet, Natrolite, Actinolile, Calcite, Dolomite, Gypsum,Beryl, Bauxite, Graphite, Galena, Pyrite, Hematite, Magnetite, Chalcopyrite, Chromite,Corundum, Talc, Fluorite, KyaniteIdentification of rocks Igneous: Granite and its varieties, Synite, Dionite, Gabbro,Pegmatite, Porphyry, Dolerite, Rhyolite, Pumice, Trachyte, Basalt and its varieties, Volcanic

    Breccia, Volcanic Tuffs. Sedimentary: Conglomerate, Breccia, Sandstone & its varieties,Shales, Limestone, Melliolite, Laterite, Slate, Phyllite, Mica, Schists, Hornblende schists,Granite gneiss & its varieties, Augen gneiss, Marbles & quartziteStructural geological mapsStudy of core samples, percentage recovery, RQD, core logging.Recommended Books:A Text Book of Engineering Geology, Dr R B GupteA Text Book of Engineering & General Geology, Parbin SinghA Text Book of Engineering Geology, Dr Kesavalu

    Course Name:- Building Planning & Graphics I

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    1 Principles of modular planning, Architectural Planning , massing & composition, Concept of built environment & its application in Planning, Recommendations of National BuildingOrganisation

    2 Planning of Buildings such as:Building For Residence: Bungalows, Row Houses, Hostels, Apartment Houses

    Building for Education: Schools, College, LibrariesBuildings for Health: Hospitals, Health Centers, Dispensaries, Maternity Homes, SanatoriumIndustrial StructuresBuildings for Entertainment: Theaters, Cinema Hall, Club House, Sport ClubsOther Structures: Offices, Hotels, Rest Room

    3 Preparation of constructional details and drawings of foundations, floors, roofs flat and pitched, doors and windows, staircases, plumbing items, columns, beams and slabs

    4 Staircase: Types, size and location, layout, design considerations, materials for stair caseconstruction

    5 Perspective Drawing: One point Perspective and Two Point perspective6 Town planning : Objectives and principles, master plan, Road Systems, Zoning, Green Belt,

    Slums , D.C.Rules7 Recommended Books:Building Drawing, M G Shah, C M Kale, S Y Patki, Tata McGraw HillBuilding Drawing , Y.S.SaneCivil Engineering Drawing, M Chakraborty

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    Course Name:- Applied Hydraulics I

    1 Laminar Flow

    Laminar flow through: circular pipes, annulus and parallel plates. Stokes law, Measurementof viscosity.2 Turbulent Flow:

    Reynolds experiment, Transition from laminar to turbulent flow. Definition of turbulence,scale and intensity, Causes of turbulence, instability, mechanism of turbulence and effect of turbulent flow in pipes. Reynolds stresses, semi-empirical theories of turbulence, Prandtlsmixing length theory, universal velocity distribution equation. Resistance to flow of fluid insmooth and rough pipes, Moodys diagram.

    3 Boundary Layer Analysis:Assumption and concept of boundary layer theory. Boundary-layer thickness, displacement,momentum & energy thickness, laminar and Turbulent boundary layers on a flat plate;

    Laminar sub-layer, smooth and rough boundaries. Local and average friction coefficients.Separation and Control.4 Flow Past immersed bodies:

    Drag and lift ,Types of drag , Drag on a sphere, cylinder ,flat plate and Airfoil, KarmanVortex Street, effect of free surface and compressibility on drag .Development of lift onimmersed bodies ,Lift ,Magnus Effect and Circulation, lift characteristics of airfoils , polar diagram.

    5 Dimensional Analysis and Hydraulic Similitude:Dimensional homogeneity, Rayleigh method, Buckinghams Pi method and other methods.Dimensionless groups. Similitude, Model studies, Types of models. Application of dimensional analysis and model studies to fluid flow problem.

    6 Introduction to Open Channel FlowComparison between open channel flow and pipe flow, geometrical parameters of a channel,classification of open channels, classification of open channel flow, Velocity Distribution of channel section.

    7 Uniform FlowContinuity Equation ,Energy Equation and Momentum Equation ,Characteristics of uniform flow , Chezys formula , Mannings formulaFactors affecting Mannings Roughness Coefficient n .Most economical section of channel. Computation of Uniform flow Normal depth .

    8 Non-Uniform Flow

    Specific energy, Specific energy curve, critical flow, discharge curve Specific force Specificdepth , and Critical depth .Channel Transitions .Measurement of Discharge and Velocity Venturi Flume, Standing Wave Flume , ParshallFlume ,Broad Crested Weir.Measurement of Velocity- Currentmeter , Floats, Hot-wire anemometer.

    9 Gradually Varied FlowDynamic Equation of Gradually Varied Flow, Classification of channel bottom slopes ,Classification of surface profile, Characteristics of surface profile. Computation of water

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    surface profile by graphical, numerical and analytical approaches. Direct Step method,Graphical Integration method and Direct integration method.

    10 Hydraulic JumpTheory of hydraulic jump, Elements and characteristics of hydraulic jump in a rectangular Channel, length and height of jump, location of jump, Types ,applications and location of

    hydraulic jump. Energy dissipation and other uses, surge as a moving hydraulic jump.Positive and negative surges.11 List of Experiment

    Length of establishment of flowVelocity distribution in pipesLaminar FlowFlow VisulisationStudies in Wind TunnelBoundary Layer Flow around an Aerofoil / circular cylinder

    Uniform FlowVelocity Distribution in Open channel flowVenturi FlumeStanding Wave FlumeGradually Varied FlowHydraulic JumpFlow under Sluice Gate

    Recommended Books

    Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics, Dr. P.M. Modi and Dr. S.M. Seth, Standard Book HouseTheory and Applications of Fluid Mechanics, K. Subramanya, Tata McGraw Hill Publishingco. Ltd.Fluid Mechanics, Dr. A.K. Jain, Khanna PublishersFluid Mechanics and fluid pressure Engineering, D. S. Kumar, F.K. Kotharia and sons.Open channel Flow , K. Subramanya, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing co. Ltd.Open channel Hydraulics , Ven Te Chow , Tata McGraw Hill Publishing

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    Course Name:- Structural Analysis I

    1 General theorems : Theorems relating to elastic structures, Principle of virtual work, Strainenergy in elastic structures, complementary energy, Castiglianos theorem, Bettis andMaxwells reciprocal theorems.

    2 Deflection of statically determinate structures: Deflection of determinate beams by Double

    integration Macaulays, Moment area and Conjugate beam methods, Principle of virtual wor(unit load method) and Castiglianos theorem, Deflection of determinate pin jointed trussesand rigid jointed frames by principle of virtual work (unit load method) ,Starin Energy andCastiglianos theorem.

    3 Influence lines for statically determinate structures : Influence lines for cantilever, simplysupported beam, overhanging beam and pin jointed trusses, criteria for maximum shear forceand bending moment under moving loads for simply supported beams, absolute maximum bending moment

    4 Elastic arches : determination of normal thrust, shear force and bending moment for paraboliand segmental three hinged arches, Influence lines for normal thrust, shear force and bendingmoment for three hinged parabolic arch.

    5 Suspension bridges : Suspension cable with three hinged stiffening girder, influence linediagrams for horizontal tension in the cable, shear force and bending moment at any sectionof the stiffening girder.

    6 Struts : struts subjected to axial loads, concept of buckling, Eulers formula for strut withdifferent support conditions, Eulers and Rankines design formulae. Structs subjected toeccentric and lateral loads, struts with initial curvature.Recommended Books:Basic Structural Analysis, C.S. Reddy., Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd.Theory of Structures, Timoshenko & Young, Tata McGraw Hill Book Publishing Co. Ltd.Intermediate Structural Analysis, C. K. Wang, McGraw Hill Publishing Co.Structural Mechanics Vol I & II, Junnarkar S.B., Charotar Publisher.

    Elementary Structural Analysis, Norries & Wilbur, McGraw Hill Publishing Co.Structural Analysis, Laursen, H.I., McGraw Hill Publishing Co.Structural Analysis, Bhavikatti, Vikas Publishers.Structural theorems and their application, B.G. Neal, Pergaman Press.

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    Course Name:- Computer Aided Drafting

    1 To create CAD files and draw basic elements (lines, circles, arcs, curves and polygons) in thefile2 To manipulate elements in the file by using manipulation tools like: move, delete, copy,

    rotate, mirror and extend, to change colors , styles, types and weights of existing elements, Tuse various view controls,

    3 Terminology: extension line, dimension line, arrowhead, leader, diameter symbols, radiussymbol, aligned and unidirectional dimensioning

    4 To draw title block, to print / plot drawing/s at different scales5 To draw objects to an exact size and combining the same to create different shapes, To

    produce sectional drawings, to create multi-view drawing using orthogonal projectionsPractical:

    Typical wall section of LB and framed structuresDoor and Window sectionRoof Section flat and sloping roofsStaircase sectionsD.P.C. treatment

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    T.Y. B. Tech. Semester V

    Course Name:-Soil Mechanics

    1 Introduction:1.1 Definitions: soils, soil mechanics, soil engineering, rock mechanics, geotechnical

    engineering.1.2 Scope of soil engineering.1.3 Comparison between soil and rock.

    2 Basic Definitions and Relationships:2.1 Soil as three-phase system in terms of weight, volume, voids ratio, and porosity.2.2 Definitions: moisture content, unit weights, degree of saturation, void ratio, porosity,

    specific gravity, mass specific gravity etc.2.3 Relationship between volume- weight, void ratio- moisture content, unit weight- percent

    air voids, saturation- moisture content, moisture content- specific gravity etc.2.4 Determination of various parameters such as:2.4.1 Moisture content by oven dry method, pycnometer, sand bath method, torsional

    balance method radioactivity method, and alcohol method.2.4.2 Specific gravity by density bottle method, pycnometer method, measuring flask

    method.2.4.3 Unit weight by water displacement method, submerged weight method, core cutter method, sands replacement method.

    3 Plasticity Characteristics of Soil:3.1 Introduction to definitions of: plasticity of soil, consistency limits-liquid limit, plasticlimit, shrinkage limit, plasticity, liquidity and consistency indices, flow & toughness indices,definitions of activity and sensitivity.3.2 Determination of: liquid limit, plastic limit and shrinkage limit.3.3 Use of consistency limits.

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    4 Classification of Soils:4.1 Introduction of soil classification: particle size classification, textural classification,unified soil classification, Indian standard soil classification system.4.2 Identification: field identification of soils, general characteristics of soil in differentgroups.

    5 Permeability of Soil:5.1 Introduction to hydraulic head, Darcys law, validity of Darcys law.5.2 Determination of coefficient of permeability5.2.1 Laboratory method: constant head method, falling head method.5.2.2 Field method: pumping- in test, pumping- out test.5.3 Permeability aspects: permeability of stratified soils, factors affecting permeability of soil.

    6 Seepage Analysis:Introduction, stream and potential functions, characteristics of flow nets, graphical method to plot flow nets.

    7 Effective Stress Principle:

    7.1 Introduction, effective stress principle, nature of effective stress, effect of water table.7.2 Fluctuations of effective stress, effective stress in soils saturated by capillary action,seepage pressure, quick sand condition.

    8 Compaction of Soil:8.1 Introduction, theory of compaction, laboratory determination of optimum moisture

    content and maximum dry density.8.2 Compaction in field, compaction specifications and field control.

    10 Consolidation of Soil:Introduction, comparison between compaction and consolidation, initial, primary &secondary consolidation, spring analogy for primary consolidation, consolidation testresults, basic definitions, Terzaghis theory of consolidation, final settlement of soil

    deposits, consolidation settlement: one- dimensional method, secondary consolidation.11 Shear Strength:Principle planes parallel to the coordinate axes, Mohrs circle, important characteristics of Mohrs circle, Mohr-Coloumb theory, types of shear test: direct shear test, merits of directshear test, triaxial compression tests, test behaviour of UU, CU and CD tests, relation between major and minor principal stresses, unconfined compression test, vane shear test.

    12 Stability of Slopes:Introduction, different factors of safety, types of slope failures, analysis of finite and infiniteslopes, wedge failure Swedish circle method, friction circle method, stability numbers andcharts.

    13 Soil Exploration:Introduction, methods of investigation, methods of boring, soil samplers an

    sampling, number and deposition of trail pits and borings, penetrometer tests, borehole logs,geophysical methods.Practicals:List of tests :1. Field Density using Core Cutter method.2. Field Density using Sand replacement method.3. Natural moisture content using Oven Drying method.4. Field identification of Fine Grained soils.

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    5. Specific gravity of Soil grains.6. Grain size distribution by Sieve Analysis.7. Grain size distribution by Hydrometer Analysis.8. Consistency limits by Liquid limit9. Consistency limits by Plastic limit

    10. Consistency limits by Shrinkage limit.11. Permeability test using Constant Head test method.12. Permeability test using Falling Head method.13. Compaction test: Standard Proctor test.14. Compaction test: Modified Proctor test.15. Relative density.

    Text Books:

    1. Soil Mechanics & Foundation Engineering by B.C. Punmia, Laxmi Publications2. Soil Mechanics & Foundation Engineering by K.R. Arora, Standard Publishers and

    Distributors, New Delhi.3. Soil Mechanics & Foundation Engineering by by V.N.S. Murthy, Saitech Publications.4. Geotechanical Engineering by C. Venktatramaiah, New Age International.5. Soil Engineering in Theory and Practice by Alam Singh, Standard Publishers andDistributors, New Delhi.References:

    1. Fundamentals of Soil Engineering by Taylor, John Wiley & Sons.2. An Introduction to Geotechanical Engineering by Holtz, R.D., Prentice Hall, NewJersey.3. Soil Mechanics by Craig, R.F. Chapman & Hall.

    4. Soil Mechanics by Lambe T.W. & Whitman R.V., John Wiley & Sons.5. Theoretical Soil Mechanics by K. Terzaghi.6. Relevant Indian Standard Specifications & Codes.

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    Course Name:-Building Planning & Graphics II

    Preparation of Constructional Details and drawings of residential buildings, buildings for health, industry , buildings for entertainment and other structures like offices , hotels ,restrooms by using suitable Computer aided drafting SoftwareThe detailing Should include:-1) Typical floor plan , roof plan , foundation plan2) Front Elevation , side elevations3) Sectional elevation passing through rooms , staircase, bathrooms and toilets4) Furniture arrangements of a typical Room5) Site layout6) Schedule for doors and windows7) Area statementPracticals:Plan, elevation, sections foundation plans furniture arrangement , site plan and areastatements for

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    1. residential buildings2. auditorium3. primary health center 4. office5. Guest house

    Recommended Books: Building Drawing, M G Shah, C M Kale, S Y Patki, Tata McGraw Hill Building Drawing , Y.S.SaneCivil Engineering Drawing, M Chakraborty Introduction to AutoCAD 2005 : 2D and 3D Design , Alf Yarwood AutoCAD : The Complete Reference : Cohn, David S

    Course Name:- Construction Equipment and Techniques

    1 Construction Equipment:-1.1 Standard types of equipment , special equipment, cost of owning and operatingequipment, depreciation costs, investment and operating costs, economic life, sources of construction equipment, factors affecting selection of construction equipment, balancing of equipment1.2 Study of equipments with reference to available types and their types and their capacities, factors affecting their performance1.2.1 Earthmoving Equipment :- Tractors and attachments, dozers and rippers, scrapers ,shovels, draglines, trenching machines, clamshell, hoes, trucks and wagons, dumpers,rollers and compactors1.2.2 Drilling and blasting equipments :- Bits, jackhammers, drifters, drills, blasting

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    material, firing charge, safety fuse, electric blasting caps, drilling patterns, transporting andhandling of explosives.1.2.3 Pile driving equipments:- Types, pile driving hammers, single acting and doubleacting, differential acting hammers, hydraulic and diesel hammers, vibratory drivers1.2.4 Pumping equipments:- Reciprocating, diaphragm & centrifugal pumps, well point

    system1.2.5 Stone crushing equipment:- jaw, gyratory and cone crushers, hammer mills, rollcrushers, rod and ball crushers, aggregate screens and screening plants, portable plants1.2.6 Concrete manufacture, transport, placing and compacting equipment, mixers, central batching and mixing plants, pavers, transit mixers, concrete pumps shotcrete1.2.7 Air Compressor 1.2.8 Equipments for moving materials, builders hoists, forklifts , cranes, belt-conveyors,cableways, ropeways

    2 Tunneling:- Geo-technical investigations, selection of alignment, methods of tunneling insoft soils and in hard rock, sequence of operations for drilling and blasting method,mechanical moles, boomers, tunnel boring machines, mucking, ventilation of tunnels, dust

    control, types of tunnel supports, sequence of lining operation, lining with pneumatic placers and by pump crete method.3 Bridge Construction:- Geo-technical investigation , Site selection , Launching of bridges by

    incremental launching, using false work , balanced cantilever construction method4 Steel Construction :- Planning for field operations, selection of equipments and erection

    tools and method of welding, tools and methods of cutting and joining , safety measuresduring fabrication and erection

    5 Concrete Construction:- Concreting under water, concreting in different weather conditions,mass concreting, vaccum concreting , Self Compacted Concrete , Roller CompactedConcrete

    6 Ground Improvement Techniques:- Sand drains , stone column, diaphragm wall , rock

    anchors , Reinforced earth technology7 Information related to special equipments and their application to Off-shore construction,cofferdams , Foundation groutingReference books:-i) Varma Mahesh , Construction Equipment and its Planning & Applicationsii) R.L. Purifoy & Ledbetter - Construction Equipment and its Planning , Mgrawhilliii) Jagdish Lal , Construction Equipmentiv) Thomas baron , Erection of Steel structuresv) Stubbs, handbook of heavy constructionvi) Dr. P. Purushothama Raj, Ground Improvement Techniques , Laxmi

    Publicationsvii) Punnoswami, Bridge Constructionviii) Wadell , Concrete Construction Handbook ix) Journals of Civil Engineering and Construction Engineering

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    Course Name:- Transportation Engineering I

    1 IntroductionRole of transportation in society, Objectives of transportation system, different types of modes, planning & co-ordination of different modes for Indian conditions

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    2 Railway Engineering2.1 Merits of rail transportation, railway gauges and gauge problems

    2.2 Cross section of permanent way and track components: Sleepers-functions andtypes, sleeper density, ballast functions and different ballast materials.

    2.3 Rails: Coning of wheels and tilting of rails, rail cross sections, wear and creep of rails,

    rail fastenings.2.4 Geometric design: Gradients, transition curves, widening of gauges on curves, cantand cant deficiency.

    2.5 Point and crossing: Design of turnouts and description of track junctions.2.6 Yards: details of different types of railway yards and their functions.2.7 Signalling and interlocking: classification of signals, interlocking of signals and

    points, control of train movements.2.8 Construction and maintenance of railway track, methods of construction, materia

    requirements, special measures for high speed track, maintenance of tracks and trafficoperations

    3 Airport Engineering

    3.1 Aircraft characteristics and their influence on airport planning.3.2 Airport planning: topographical and geographical features, air traffic characteristics,and development of new airports, factors affecting airport site selection.

    3.3 Airport obstruction: Zoning laws, classification of obstruction, imaginary surfaces,approach zones, turning zones.

    3.4 Airport layout: runway orientation, wind rose diagrams, and basic runway length.Correction of runway length, airport classification, geometric design, airport capacity,runway configuration, taxiway design, geometric standards, exit taxiways, holdingaprons, location of terminal buildings, aircraft hangers and parking.

    3.5 Airport marking and lighting: marking and lighting of runways, taxiways andapproach areas

    3.6 Terminal area and airport layout: Terminal area, planning of terminal building, Apronsize of the gate position, number of gate position, aircraft parking system; Hanger:general planning considerations, blast considerations.

    3.7 Air traffic control: Air traffic control aids, Enroute aids, landing aids.3.8 Airport Drainage: requirement of airport drainage, design data, surface drainage

    design, subsurface drainage design4 Water Transportation

    4.1 Harbours: Selection of site, entrance and channel requirement, ship characteristics andtheir influence on ports management and operations, harbour maintenance.

    4.2 Harbour layout: harbour works, break waters, jetties, wharves, piers, berthingfacilities, types and construction, dolphins.

    4.3 Navigational aids: buoys and lighthouses etc.4.4 Port facilities: docks, transit sheds and warehouses, general layout, containers and

    container yard, layout and handling equipmentRecommended books:1. Saxena S.C. and Arora S. P., A course of railway engineering, Dhanpat Rai and sons,

    New Delhi2. Khanna and Arora, Airport planning & design, Nemchand Bros, Roorkee3. Agarwal, M. M. (1991). Indian Railway Track, Sachdeva Press, Mayapuri, New Delhi

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    4. Bindra S.P., Docks & Harbour engineering, Dhanpat Rai and sons.5. R Shrinivasan, Harbour dock and tunnel engineering6. Rao G.V., Airport engineering, Tata McGraw HillReferences:1. Horonjeff &Mcklerey, Planning & design of Airport

    2. Quinn A D, Design and construction of ports and marine structures.

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    Course Name:-Structural Analysis II

    1 General:Types of structures occurring in practice and their classification, Stable and unstable

    Structures, statical and kinematical determinacy and indeterminacy of structures, symmetricstructure, Symmetrical and anti symmetrical loads, distinction between linear and non linear behavior, material and geometric non-linearity

    2 Deflection of Statically Determinate Structures:Review of general theorems based on virtual work and energy methods, introduction to thconcept of complimentary energy, absolute and relative deflections caused by loadstemperature changes and settlement of supports, application to determinate beams, pin jointeframes and rigid jointed frames

    3 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures by Flexibility Method:Flexibility coefficients and their use in formulation of compatibility equations, Castiglianotheorem of least work, application of above methods to propped cantilevers, fixed beams

    continuous beams, simple pin jointed frames including effect of lack of members, simple rigi jointed frames and two-hinged arches4 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures by Stiffness Method:

    Stiffness coefficients for prismatic members and their use for formulation of equilibriumequation, direct stiffness method slope deflection method, moment distribution methodapplications of the above methods to indeterminate beams and simple rigid jointed framesrigid jointed frames with inclined member but having only one translational DoF in additioto rotational DoFs, including the effect of settlement of supports

    5 Text Books:1. Basic Structural Analysis, Reddy C.S; Tata McGraw Hill.2. Matrix method in Structural Analysis, Pandit & Gupta; Tata McGraw Hill.

    3. Structural Mechanics Vol. II, Junnarkar S.B; Charotar Publishers.Recommended Books:1. Modern Methods in structural Analysis, Dr. B.N. Thadani & Dr. J.P. Desai; Weinall Book

    Corporation.2. Intermediate Structural Analysis, Wang C.K; Tata Mcgraw Hill.3. Analysis of Framed Structure, Gare & Weaver.4. Structural Analysis Vol. I & II, Gupta & Pandit, Tata Mcgraw Hill.5. Analytical Methods in Structural Engineering, Sarwar A. Raz, New Age Internationa

    Publishers.6. Structural Analysis, L.S. Negi & R. S. Jangid, Tata Mcgraw Hill.

    7. Structural Analysis A Unified Approach, Prakash Rao D.S; Universities Press.8. Elementary Theory of Structures, Yuan Yu Hsieh, Prentice Hall.9. Structural Analysis, Chajes A; Prentice Hall.

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    Course Name:-Applied Hydraulics II 1 Dynamics of Fluid Flow:

    Momentum principle, applications: Force on plates, pipe bends, moments of momentumequation

    2 Flow through Pipes:Loss of head through pipes, Darcy-Wiesbatch equation, minor losses, total energy equation,hydraulic gradient line, Pipes in series, equivalent pipes, pipes in parallel, flow throughlaterals, flows in dead end pipes, siphon, power transmission through pipes, nozzles.

    3 Analysis of pipe networks :Hardy Cross method, water hammer in pipes and control measures , branching of pipes , thre

    reservoir problem4 Impact of jets and jet propulsion:Jet striking stationary, moving, inclined and perpendicular flat plates, hinged flat plates,impact on stationary, curved vane, series of curved vanes .

    5 Turbines:General layout of hydroelectric power plant, heads and efficiencies of turbine,classification . Pelton wheel, Reaction turbines, Francis and Kaplan turbine, Draft tube theoryspecific speed, Unit quantities, characteristics curves, Governing of turbines, cavitation.

    6 Pumps :General classification , selection of pumps ,Heads and efficiencies of pumps .Submersible pumps components, working and applications

    7 Centrifugal Pumps :Work done, heads and efficiencies, minimum speed series and parallel operation, multistage pumps, specific speed, model testing, priming, characteristics curves, cavitation.

    8 Hydraulics machinery:Hydraulic ram, press, accumulator, intensifier, crane and lift.

    9 Computational Fluid Dynamics :-Basic equations of fluid dynamics, Grid generation, Introduction to inviscid incompressibleflow , Boundary layer flow as applicable to C.F.D. .Introduction to different software in fluid mechanics , Simulation techniques ,Introduction to multi criterion decision support system , components for modeling software.Introduction to Artificial Neural Network ,Genetic Algorithm

    10 Hydro informatics :-Concept of hydro informatics scope of internet and web based modeling in water resourcesengineering.List of experimentsFlow through pipesTurbulent flow through pipesFlow visualisationLaminar flow through pipes

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    Major losses / Minor losses in pipeImpact of jetsCentrifugal PumpsPerformance of Centrifugal pumpsPerformance of Pelton Wheel

    Performance of Francis WheelHydraulics ramText Books :1. Modi P.M. and Seth S.M. Hydraulics and fluid mechanics, Standard Book House2. Subramanya K., Theory and applications of fluid mechanics, Tata McGraw Hill3. Dr. Jain A.K. Fluid Mechanics, Khanna Publishers4. Fluid Mechanics and fliud pressure Engineering, D.S.Kumar, F.K. Kataria and sons

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    Course Name:-Site Visits

    The students should visit at least six project sites in all during Semester V and VI taken

    together.The sites should be selected in such a way that during various visits, they should be able toobserve / study:

    Most of the activities related to building construction like, concreting of footings andcolumns, bar bending, concreting of slab, flooring, plastering, plumbing, painting, claddingfalse ceiling, air conditioning.

    And at least four of the following:

    i. Structural steel fabrication and erectionii. Ground improvement methods (Grouting / geosynthetics / reinforcement)iii. Tunneling by conventional method or by TBMiv. Cassion foundations and pilingv. Asphalt laying and concreting of roadsvi. Ready mix concrete plant and ready mix asphalt plantvii. Earth work for dam or transport projectviii. Fabrication and erection of pre-cast concrete elementsix. Mass concreting (roller compacted concrete / hot weather concrete / cold

    weather concrete / under water concrete)x. Mechanized canal construction (excavation, leveling and lining)xi. Repairs, rehabilitation worksxii. Pre-stressing

    The students are expected to observe method of work, operations involved, tools used, qualitchecks, site layouts, productivity of workmen, gang size, equipment used etc.

    The student shall prepare and submit detail report for every site visited during Semester V ansemester VI at the time of Oral examination to be conducted at the end of Semester VI. Th

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    report should clearly indicate observations made during such visits supplemented with amplsketches / drawings.

    T.Y. B. Tech. Semester V

    Course Name:-Foundation Engineering

    1 Lateral Earth Pressures Theories:1.1 Introduction: applications of earth pressure theories, different types of earth pressure atrest, active and passive pressure.1.2 Rankines Earth Pressure Theory: Rankines earth pressure theory, active earth pressure and passive earth pressure for horizontal and inclined backfill including thedirection of failure Planes for cohesionless and cohesive soils.1.3 Coloumbs Wedge Theory: coloumbs active pressure in cohesionless soils,expression For active pressure, coloumbs passive earth pressure.

    1.4 Rebhanns Construction for Active Pressure, Culmanns graphical solutions for activesoils,Wedge Method, passive pressure by friction circle method for cohesionless and cohesive

    2 Earth Retaining Structures:Rigid and flexible retaining structures, stability analysis of retaining walls, cantileverretaining Walls, construction details, drainage and wall joints.

    3 Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundation:3.1 Definitions of ultimate bearing capacity, gross, net and safe pressures, allowable bearing

    pressure, types of shallow foundations modes of failures.3.2 Bearing capacity theories: Rankines approach, Prandtls approach and Terzaghis

    approach, concept behind derivation of equation, general bearing capacity equation

    bearing capacity equations for square and circular footings, factors influencing bearingcapacity, performance of footings in different soils, Vesics chart, ultimate bearingcapacity in case of local shear failure.

    3.1 Plate load test in detail with reference to IS1888 and its applications and estimation osettlements, bearing capacity based on Standard Penetration Test.

    4 Axially Loaded Pile Foundations:4.1 Introduction to pile foundations, necessity of pile foundation, classification of piles

    construction methods of bored piles, concrete bored piles, driven cast in-situ piles.

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    4.2 Pile capacity based on static analysis, piles in sand, piles in clay, dynamic methods andtheir

    limitations, in- situ penetration tests and pile load test as per IS 2911 specifications,negative skin friction.

    4.3 Pile groups ultimate capacity of groups, settlement of pile groups in sand and in clay a

    per IS 2911 and critical