appendix i: gps location of sighting records of identified...

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Appendix I: GPS Location of sighting records of identified elephant for home range

study in Manas National Park.

1. GPS location of sighting records of MME (Male Makhna elephant)

Pre Monsoon Season (GPS Location) Monsoon Season (GPS Location)

Sl. No. Longitude Latitude Sl. No. Longitude Latitude

1 90.967485 26.754288 1 26.731208 91.006481

2 90.993131 26.786262 2 26.728614 91.028345

3 91.048976 26.794681 3 26.721096 91.037484

4 91.083764 26.821197 4 26.720549 91.049247

5 91.176829 26.799163 5 26.736054 91.051802

6 91.173794 26.777365 6 26.740873 91.066061

7 91.148780 26.765394 7 26.739337 91.071839

8 85.722587 27.034551 8 26.773015 91.120060

9 91.107620 26.768575 9 26.781575 91.161087

10 91.096210 26.749091 10 26.798508 91.173278

11 91.083997 26.746602 11 26.807578 91.161702

12 91.058694 26.724957 12 26.827296 91.093974

13 91.049280 26.705778 13 26.793674 91.072711

14 91.015772 26.682468 14 26.791494 91.049932

15 90.982323 26.692811 15 26.783832 91.040315

16 90.977866 26.728306 16 26.788864 90.981404

17 91.149234 26.809365 17 26.774041 90.961450

18 91.095650 26.822609 18 26.724400 90.983850

�� 19 26.745391 90.969097

Retreating Monsoon Season (GPS

Location)

Winter Season (GPS Location)


1 90.972646 26.776694 1 91.069311 26.709618

2 91.054940 26.783885 2 91.105582 26.712733

3 91.113331 26.810227 3 91.116012 26.700733

4 91.184441 26.792579 4 91.131207 26.696828

5 91.222969 26.792051 5 91.146405 26.707122

6 91.235502 26.777715 6 91.166259 26.759439

7 91.194130 26.742143 7 91.173145 26.764763

8 91.150367 26.748213 8 91.201393 26.748673

9 91.109794 26.711898 9 91.223991 26.770297

10 91.135887 26.743018 10 91.249908 26.774018

11 91.082948 26.715148 11 91.259529 26.780470

12 91.050067 26.700604 12 91.260983 26.794465

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13 91.014994 26.667130 13 91.230545 26.808936

14 90.996821 26.664514 14 91.147628 26.808174

15 90.983877 26.677980 15 91.078728 26.822809

16 90.977475 26.727684 16 91.077681 26.804738

�� 17 91.066577 26.797980

�� 18 91.062153 26.789596

�� 19 91.042506 26.793995

�� 20 91.045951 26.783602

�� 21 91.032485 26.781336

�� 22 90.974919 26.793888

�� 23 90.959063 26.776043

�� 24 90.985075 26.678366

�� 25 90.996470 26.656580

�� 26 91.018102 26.649106

�� 27 91.045895 26.670410

�� 28 91.061085 26.673612

�� 29 91.069340 26.688580

2. GPS location of sighting records of MME2 (Male Makhna elephant)



1 90.974369 26.758717 1 91.053875 26.751855

2 90.990104 26.771131 2 91.066181 26.741302

3 91.083920 26.806455 3 91.082667 26.743919

4 91.028192 26.784199 4 91.106601 26.777343

5 91.091224 26.825893 5 91.169341 26.783133

6 91.133428 26.804247 6 91.187636 26.791880

7 91.156418 26.783068 7 91.192977 26.812622

8 91.157138 26.773050 8 91.151458 26.810527

9 91.145442 26.765946 9 91.089977 26.826439

10 91.117250 26.773256 10 91.048473 26.786759

11 91.095811 26.765538 11 91.022766 26.791470

12 91.088308 26.746560 12 90.985073 26.788618

13 91.078367 26.741886 13 90.969556 26.766220

14 91.032799 26.693193 14 90.976500 26.721479

15 91.015286 26.687392 15 90.995919 26.715797

16 90.995941 26.690753 16 91.011778 26.736085

17 90.983409 26.698534 17 91.025943 26.735614

18 90.976251 26.727718 18 91.055119 26.713514

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19 91.009563 26.721623

20 90.972394 26.782031

21 91.044020 26.713552

22 91.050396 26.725188

23 91.018169 26.738446


Location)



1 90.974598 26.761919 1 90.976488 26.794718

2 91.002883 26.778046 2 91.022841 26.786972

3 91.050588 26.798438 3 91.084445 26.827006

4 91.027270 26.781723 4 91.198326 26.806282

5 90.991754 26.766288 5 91.274432 26.800935

6 91.060180 26.784594 6 91.237384 26.790052

7 91.079465 26.802329 7 91.193485 26.759149

8 91.079983 26.823874 8 91.150238 26.760418

9 91.150549 26.809576 9 91.111042 26.725938

10 91.207727 26.788939 10 91.067941 26.742580

11 91.210156 26.766676 11 91.047489 26.704634

12 91.199478 26.747694 12 91.049982 26.685695

13 91.144347 26.762078 13 91.021726 26.672809

14 91.116192 26.737055 14 90.984091 26.689579

15 91.087379 26.728999 15 90.983594 26.724417

16 91.066716 26.735238 16 90.955320 26.774442

17 91.035200 26.684686

18 91.026423 26.656280

19 91.036174 26.661897

20 90.987814 26.678630

21 90.978461 26.702366

3. GPS location of sighting records of MTE (Male Tusker elephant)



1 90.975451 26.746678 1 90.976269 26.747745

2 90.986703 26.745320 2 90.998417 26.737478

3 91.010726 26.765380 3 91.018546 26.737312

4 91.032760 26.769491 4 91.042800 26.727595

5 91.053100 26.790715 5 91.052295 26.745749

6 91.066462 26.789831 6 91.059979 26.751269

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7 91.104882 26.829635 7 91.074129 26.744304

8 91.181955 26.786783 8 91.080283 26.746910

9 91.170097 26.768408 9 91.081632 26.757023

10 91.135473 26.762062 10 91.097053 26.771766

11 91.097731 26.759626 11 91.126856 26.776046

12 91.042363 26.722793 12 91.138188 26.772508

13 91.007422 26.708095 13 91.143824 26.784422

14 90.991964 26.721170 14 91.162442 26.797091

15 91.055602 26.819396 15 91.158611 26.810099

16 91.136568 26.812264

17 91.121453 26.823240

18 91.095256 26.825212

19 91.079089 26.801476

20 91.057928 26.789198

21 91.026439 26.786409

22 91.004702 26.776480

23 90.986176 26.755209

24 91.055053 26.819084


Location)


Sl. No. Longitude Latitude Sl. No. Longitude Latitude 1 91.104746 26.759946 1 90.979601 26.770227

2 91.084759 26.746201 2 91.054513 26.785983 3 91.056668 26.740642 3 91.093420 26.825487 4 91.042403 26.730455 4 91.150139 26.810586 5 91.002363 26.717148 5 91.195728 26.813452 6 90.990542 26.725360 6 91.222851 26.808677 7 90.975750 26.752687 7 91.233754 26.779077 8 90.989918 26.764006 8 91.218121 26.765867 9 91.062190 26.785975 9 91.175017 26.748407 10 91.086688 26.825824 10 91.153663 26.754877 11 91.122906 26.810247 11 91.139377 26.750786 12 91.169395 26.799454 12 91.127602 26.739571 13 91.194726 26.787717 13 91.112290 26.741807 14 91.207168 26.759102 14 91.101339 26.733492 15 91.140977 26.754520 15 91.082453 26.737006 16 91.097622 26.824447 16 91.072468 26.723930

17 91.032490 26.722922

18 91.012227 26.726172

19 90.986648 26.721247

20 90.972124 26.754546

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4. GPS location of sighting records of MGFE1 (Adult Female elephant with group)


Sl. No. Longitude Latitude Sl.

No.

Longitude Latitude

1 90.976878 26.725239 1 91.097680 26.828089

2 90.994219 26.735228 2 91.145634 26.807975

3 91.000022 26.746207 3 91.180804 26.811423

4 91.066594 26.786330 4 91.235694 26.809599

5 91.096318 26.827252 5 91.234830 26.789948

6 91.160800 26.791429 6 91.206524 26.785124

7 91.153219 26.774777 7 91.182732 26.784862

8 91.131332 26.766265 8 91.166352 26.777378

9 91.107736 26.743257 9 91.147463 26.777015

10 91.052436 26.739735 10 91.126919 26.781630

11 91.003514 26.722559 11 91.077107 26.763375

12 91.136801 26.807404 12 91.053642 26.744988

13 91.055895 26.819240 13 91.047047 26.749598

14 91.038275 26.765480

15 91.039209 26.780025

16 91.048702 26.788672

17 91.063947 26.791838

18 91.079285 26.802415

19 91.112892 26.780708

20 91.221610 26.789445

21 91.0550854 26.818698


Location)


Sl. No. Longitude Latitude Sl.

No.

Longitude Latitude

1 91.238610 26.777844 1 91.007773 26.719240

2 91.223109 26.790248 2 90.977498 26.727956

3 91.164709 26.796092 3 90.983180 26.734307

4 91.119586 26.814619 4 90.987266 26.759079

5 91.097386 26.827440 5 91.004676 26.773004

6 91.058697 26.779402 6 91.054555 26.776437

7 91.052695 26.761149 7 91.098055 26.827808

8 91.056388 26.747732 8 91.117369 26.808209

9 91.103418 26.733136 9 91.167929 26.785364

10 91.123201 26.749298 10 91.207175 26.785056

11 91.174068 26.744144 11 91.234449 26.774414

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12 91.196629 26.751445 12 91.219024 26.762929

13 91.054689 26.819457 13 91.206858 26.753310

14 91.132199 26.740677

15 91.105343 26.743855

16 91.068307 26.742602

17 91.166135 26.748152

18 91.228201 26.767646

19 91.094610 26.834477

20 91.061855 26.835239

5. GPS location of sighting records of MGFE2 (Adult Female elephant with group )



�� 90.977938 26.768178 �� 90.975381 26.774838

�� 91.018867 26.775919 �� 91.008165 26.784043

�� 91.053969 26.800728 �� 91.040186 26.787032

�� 91.106973 26.776117 �� 91.063937 26.793114

�� 91.114005 26.764288 �� 91.080484 26.802683

�� 91.106232 26.754602 �� 91.091330 26.827699

�� 91.093199 26.746889 �� 91.114215 26.810646

� 91.076693 26.744042 � 91.114691 26.797630

� 91.061337 26.723727 � 91.099074 26.786843

�� 91.040129 26.717014 �� 91.090586 26.784160

�� 91.024400 26.698343 �� 91.073394 26.738464

�� 90.979160 26.697612 �� 91.037441 26.744088

�� 90.973665 26.741100 �� 91.057152 26.745104

�� 90.968653 26.749312 �� 91.033021 26.721657

�� 91.084105 26.783895 �� 90.990939 26.743907

�� 91.055743 26.819250 �� 91.007740 26.731440

�� 90.977080 26.741803

�� 90.963388 26.760787

�� 91.054644 26.818910


Location)



�� 90.959607 26.780974 �� 90.972122 26.782964

�� 90.983096 26.787083 �� 90.989241 26.786187

�� 90.993319 26.795221 �� 90.995851 26.793577

�� 91.017385 26.786218 �� 90.962267 26.769004

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�� 91.046116 26.802638 �� 90.972416 26.734255

�� 91.071770 26.790972 �� 90.981244 26.723763

�� 91.082575 26.774722 �� 90.974244 26.711529

� 91.109220 26.753244 � 90.988993 26.669169

� 91.042708 26.713829 � 91.008391 26.676761

�� 91.021201 26.703423 �� 91.046858 26.706743

�� 90.998195 26.703084 �� 91.065167 26.710401

�� 90.975646 26.711523 �� 91.095137 26.789800

�� 90.976397 26.730255 �� 91.098324 26.821410

�� 90.960161 26.762390 �� 91.096648 26.829510

�� 91.070922 26.733526 �� 91.083285 26.817876

�� 91.055417 26.818854 �� 91.073095 26.795087

�� 91.048317 26.785945

�� 91.032772 26.785406

�� 91.061410 26.835043

�� 91.094887 26.834321

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Appendix II: Data sheet for Asian elephant activity budget, Habitat utilization and

food and feeding ecology in Manas National Park (CHAPTER VII).

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Data Sheet for Elephant Activity Budget Sl. No.

Date: Range (MNP): Weather:

GPS position: Latitude Longitude

Tim

e

inte

rval/

Act

ivit

y

Fee

din

g

Loco

moti

o n

Com

fort

Dri

nk

ing

San

d b

ath

Vig

ila

nce

Oth

er

Even

ts

Fo

od

Sp

ecie

s

Hab

itat

5.00

5.05

5.10

5.15

5.20

5.25

5.30

5.35

5.40

5.45

5.50

5.55

6.00

6.05

6.10

6.15

6.20

6.25

6.30

6.35

6.40

6.45

6.50

6.55

7.00

7.05

7.10

7.15

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7.20

7.25

7.30

7.35

7.40

7.45

7.50

7.55

8.00

8.05

8.10

8.15

8.20

8.25

8.30

8.35

8.40

8.45

8.50

8.55

9.00

9.05

9.10

9.15

9.20

9.25

9.30

9.35

9.40

9.45

9.50

9.55

10.00

10.05

10.10

10.15

10.20

10.25

10.30

10.35

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10.40

10.45

10.50

10.55

11.00

11.05

11.10

11.15

11.20

11.25

11.30

11.35

11.40

11.45

11.50

11.55

12.00

12.05

12.10

12.15

12.20

12.25

12.30

12.35

12.40

12.45

12.50

12.55

13.00

13.05

13.10

13.15

13.20

13.25

13.30

13.35

13.40

13.45

13.50

13.55

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14.00

14.05

14.10

14.15

14.20

14.25

14.30

14.35

14.40

14.45

14.50

14.55

15.00

15.05

15.10

15.15

15.20

15.25

15.30

15.35

15.40

15.45

15.50

15.55

16.00

16.05

16.10

16.15

16.20

16.25

16.30

16.35

16.40

16.45

16.50

16.55

17.00

17.05

17.10

17.15

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17.20

17.25

17.30

17.35

17.40

17.45

17.50

17.55

18.00

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Appendix III: Dominance of different species of plants in Manas National Park

(CHAPTER-VIII).

A. Tree Dominance

Sl.

No.

Family Scientific Name

Rel

ativ

e D

ensi

ty

(%)

Rel

ativ

e

Fre

quen

cy (

%)

Rel

ativ

e

do

min

ance

(%

)

IVI

1 Bombacaceae Bombax ceiba 18.31 6.66 16.90 41.87

2 Dilleniaceae Dillenia pentagyna

Roxb.

16.9 7.2 14.47 38.57

3 Lythraceae Lagerstroemia

parviflora Roxb.

5.61 6.05 6.18 17.84

4 Verbenaceae Premna bengalensis Cl. 4.59 6.95 5.13 16.67

5 Lythraceae Lagerstroemia reginae

Roxb.

3.83 5.7 4.55 14.08

6 Moraceae Streblus asper Lour. 3.74 5.54 3.86 13.14

7 Verbenaceae Gmelina arborea Roxb. 2.98 5.34 3.92 12.24

8 Euphorbiaceae Phyllanthus debilis

Willd.

2.29 5.13 3.06 10.48

9 Lacythidaceae Careya arborea Roxb. 2 4.93 2.83 9.76

10 Caesalpiniaceae Cassia fistula L. 1.95 3.66 2.47 8.08

11 Caesalpiniaceae Bauhinia variagata L. 1.91 3.1 2.07 7.08

12 Papilionaceae Butea monosperma

(Lam.) Taub.

1.74 1.15 1.43 4.32

13 Lauraceae Phoebe paniculata

Nees.

1.61 3 2.08 6.69

14 Myrtaceae Syzigium cumini (L.)

Skeets.

1.44 2.69 1.93 6.06

15 Lauraceae Litsea salicifolia

(Nees) Hook. f.

1.44 2.64 1.46 5.54

16 Mimosaceae Albizia procera (Roxb.)

Benth.

1.4 2.13 1.49 5.02

17 Combretaceae Terminalia bellirica

(Gaertn.) Roxb.

1.32 1.47 1.46 4.25

18 Sterculiaceae Sterculia villosa Roxb. 1.27 1.37 1.14 3.78

19 Lythraceae Duabanga grandiflora

(Roxb. Ex DC)

1.14 1.27 1.19 3.6

20 Myrtaceae Syzigium oblatum

(Roxb.)

1.14 1.27 1.16 3.57

21 Moraceae Ficus glomerata Roxb. 1.1 1.16 1.21 3.47

22 Meliaceae Toona ciliata Roem. 1.1 1.22 1.24 3.56

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23 Caesalpiniaceae Bauhinia purpurea L. 0.97 1.22 0.95 3.14

24 Euphorbiaceae Bischofia javanica Bl. 0.97 1.06 1.08 3.11

25 Moraceae Ficus religiosa L. 0.97 1.06 1.07 3.1

26 Bixaceae Bixa orellana 0.97 0.97 0.93 2.87

27 Moraceae Ficus benghalensis L. 0.89 1.02 0.89 2.8

28 Moraceae Ficus benjamina L. 0.89 1.06 0.97 2.92

29 Lauraceae Litsea monopetala

(Roxb.)

0.89 1.06 0.83 2.78

30 Rubiaceae Anthocephalus

chinensis (Lamk.)

Rich. Ex Walp.

0.8 0.86 0.84 2.5

31 Verbenaceae Callicarpa arborea

Roxb.

0.8 0.91 0.71 2.42

32 Sterculiaceae Abroma augusta (L)L.

f

0.76 0.61 0.71 2.08

33 Malvaceae Kydia calycina Roxb. 0.73 0.76 0.60 2.09

34 Mimosaceae Acacia catechu (L.f.)

Willd.

0.72 0.77 0.55 2.04

35 Dilleniaceae Dillenia indica L. 0.63 0.56 0.59 1.78

36 Barringtoniaceae Barringtonia

acutangula (L.) Gaertn.

0.51 0.86 0.62 1.99

37 Caesalpiniaceae Bauhinia acuminata L. 0.51 0.55 0.40 1.46

38 Euphorbiaceae Malotus philippensis

(Lamk.) Muell.-Arg.

0.51 0.55 0.43 1.49

39 Lauraceae Actinidaphne obovata

(Nees.) Bl. Mus

0.51 0.5 0.36 1.37

40 Anacardiaceae Pegia nitida Colebr. 0.5 0.55 0.39 1.44

41 Apocynaceae Holarrhena

antidysenterica (L.)

0.5 0.55 0.40 1.45

42 Meliaceae Chukrassia tabularis A

Juss.

0.5 0.45 0.41 1.36

43 Onagraceae Ludwigia adscandans

Ham.

0.5 0.51 0.43 1.44

44 Papilionaceae Erythrina indica Lamk. 0.46 0.5 0.40 1.36

45 Anacardiaceae Mangifera indica L. 0.38 0.25 0.31 0.94

46 Anacardiaceae Linnea grandis 0.38 0.3 0.34 1.02

47 Bignoniaceae Stereospermum

chelonoides DC.

0.38 0.3 0.35 1.03

48 Combretaceae Terminalia arjuna

(DC.)

0.38 0.21 0.33 0.92

49 Meliaceae Aphanamixis

polystachya (Wall.)

Parker.

0.38 0.2 0.31 0.89

50 Sterculiaceae Pterospermum

acerifolium Wild.

0.38 0.17 0.22 0.77

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51 Malvaceae Hibiscus mutabilis L. 0.34 0.17 0.21 0.72

52 Mimosaceae Albizia odoratissima

(L.f.) Benth.

0.34 0.17 0.22 0.73

53 Euphorbiaceae Phyllanthus niruri L. 0.29 0.2 0.20 0.69

54 Meliaceae Aglaia edulis A. Gray 0.29 0.17 0.19 0.65

55 Papilionaceae Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. 0.29 0.18 0.18 0.65

56 Guttiferae Mesua ferrea Roxb. 0.25 0.05 0.13 0.43

57 Anacardiaceae Mangifera sylvatica

Roxb.

0.21 0.15 0.17 0.53

58 Elaeocarpaceae Sloanea sterculiacea

Var. assamica (Benth.)

Coode.

0.21 0.1 0.16 0.47

59 Magnoliaceae Michelia champaca L. 0.21 0.2 0.19 0.6

60 Apocynaceae Alstonia scholaris

Brown.

0.17 0.16 0.14 0.47

61 Magnoliaceae Magnolia pterocarpa

Roxb.

0.17 0.05 0.10 0.32

62 Tiliaceae Grewia elastica Royle 0.17 0.1 0.11 0.38

63 Burseraceae Canarium benghalense

Roxb.

0.12 0.05 0.11 0.28

64 Rutaceae Aegle marmelos Correa 0.12 0.05 0.08 0.25

65 Burseraceae Garuga floribunda

Decn. Var. gamblei

(King ex Smith) Kalk.

0.08 0.1 0.07 0.25

66 Capparidaceae Crateva religiosa

Forst.

0.08 0.05 0.05 0.18

67 Dipterocarpaceae Shorea robusta Dyer 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.18

B. Short Tree, Shrubs, Herbs and Climbers Dominance

Sl.

No.


Rel

ativ

e D

ensi

ty (

%)

Rel

ativ

e F

requen

cy (

%)

Rel

ativ

e dom

inan

ce (

%)

IVI

1 Leeaceae Leea asiatica (L.)

Ridsdale.

8.65 6.24 7.08 21.97

2 Leeaceae Leea aequata L. 7.56 5.91 6.50 19.97

3 Leeaceae Leea alata Edgew. 7.19 5.83 6.29 19.31

4 Asteraceae Ageratum conyzoides L. 6.17 5.79 5.89 17.85

5 Asteraceae Mikania micrantha HBK. 5.57 5.06 5.22 15.85

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6 Asteraceae Chromolaena odorata (L.)

King.

4.42 3.73 4.00 12.15

7 Caesalpiniaceae Cassia tora L. 3.31 3.27 3.25 9.83

8 Caesalpiniaceae Cassia sophera L. 2.18 3.20 2.80 8.18

9 Verbenaceae Lantana camara Linn. 2.05 3.10 2.67 7.82

10 Mimosaceae Mimosa himalayana

Gamble.

1.94 2.71 2.44 7.09

11 Mimosaceae Mimosa pudica L. 1.93 2.50 2.26 6.69

12 Oxalidaceae Oxalis cordata DC. 1.93 2.40 2.17 6.5

13 Euphorbiaceae Manihot esculenta 1.81 2.28 2.03 6.12

14 Flacourtiaceae Casearia vareca Roxb. 1.74 2.12 1.90 5.76

15 Melastomaceae Melastoma

malabathricum L.

1.72 1.53 1.58 4.83

16 Linaceae Linum usitatissium L. 1.69 1.51 1.57 4.77

17 Malvaceae Hibiscus fragrans Roxb. 1.61 1.46 1.41 4.48

18 Menispermaceae Parabaena sagittata

(Ham.) Miers.

1.6 1.44 1.47 4.51

19 Menispermaceae Stephania japonica

(Thunb) Miers

1.6 1.43 1.48 4.51

20 Acanthaceae Andrographis paniculata

Nees.

1.6 1.41 1.48 4.49

21 Acanthaceae Eclobium linneanum

Kurz.

1.59 1.41 1.47 4.47

22 Amaranthaceae Amaranthus spinosus L. 1.53 1.41 1.47 4.41

23 Apocynaceae Tabernaemontana

divericata

1.49 1.38 1.42 4.29

24 Bignoniaceae Oroxylum indicum (L.)

Vent.

1.47 1.35 1.40 4.22

25 Brassicaceae Rorippa indica (L.) Hiem. 1.47 1.31 1.39 4.17

26 Flacourtiaceae Xylosma longifolia Clos. 1.46 1.28 1.40 4.14

27 Convolvulaceae Ipomoea batatus

(L.)Lamk.

1.45 1.26 1.39 4.1

28 Convolvulaceae Ipomoea quamoclit Linn. 1.37 1.26 1.31 3.94

29 Convolvulaceae Ipomoea aquatica Forsk 1.26 1.26 1.24 3.76

30 Rhamnaceae Ziziphus mauritiana

Lamk.

1.25 1.23 1.26 3.74

31 Rhamnaceae Ziziphus rugosa L. 1.24 1.21 1.23 3.68

32 Oxalidaceae Oxalis corniculata L. 1.22 1.20 1.22 3.64

33 Papaveraceae Argemone maxicana L. 1.07 1.21 1.15 3.43

34 Papilionaceae Butea parviflora Roxb. 1.07 1.20 1.17 3.44

35 Papilionaceae Desmodium velutinum

(willd) DC.

1.07 1.20 1.17 3.44

36 Papilionaceae Flemingia strobilifera (L.) 0.99 1.18 1.13 3.3

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37 Papilionaceae Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC.

Prodr.

0.98 1.08 1.06 3.12

38 Papilionaceae Tephrosia candida

(Roxb.) DC. Prodr.

0.98 1.08 1.06 3.12

39 Portulacaceae Portulaca oleraceae L 0.95 1.08 1.06 3.09

40 Rubiaceae Hedyotis corymbosa

Lamk.

0.95 1.03 1.02 3

41 Rutaceae Murraya koenzii Spreng. 0.85 1.03 0.98 2.86

42 Rutaceae Murraya paniculata

(L.)Jack.

0.83 0.94 0.91 2.68

43 Scrophulariaceae Lindernia crustacea (L.)

Muell.

0.72 0.94 1.01 2.67

44 Urticaceae Leportea crenulata Gaud 0.71 0.94 0.85 2.5

45 Solanaceae Solanum torvum SW. 0.62 0.87 0.79 2.28

46 Solanaceae Solanum viarum L. 0.62 0.85 0.78 2.25

47 Tamaricaceae Tamarix dioica Roxb. 0.61 0.77 0.73 2.11

48 Tiliaceae Grewia sapida Roxb. 0.61 0.76 0.71 2.08

49 Urticaceae Boehmeria malabarica

Wedd

0.6 0.74 0.70 2.04

50 Vitaceae Cayratia trifolia (L.)

Danin.

0.5 0.72 0.66 1.88

51 Vitaceae Cissus rependa Vahl. 0.49 0.71 0.64 1.84

52 Vitaceae Vitis planicaulis Hoof.f 0.38 0.71 0.60 1.69

53 Arecaceae Calamus floribundus

Griff.

0.38 0.71 0.59 1.68

54 Arecaceae Calamus tenuis 0.36 0.67 0.58 1.61

55 Thelypteridaceae Christella parasitica 0.33 0.59 0.51 1.43

56 Verbenaceae Premna latifolia Roxb. 0.26 0.51 0.43 1.2

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B. Grass dominance

Sl.

No.


Rel

ativ

e D

ensi

ty (

%)

Rel

ativ

e F

requen

cy (

%)

Rel

ativ

e dom

inan

ce (

%)

IVI

1 Poaceae Saccharum elephantium 14.39 15.09 14.88 44.36

2 Poaceae

Erianthus ravennae (L.) P.

Beauv. 10.89 11.57 12.02 34.48

3 Poaceae

lmperata cylindrica (L.) P.

Beauv. 8.48 8.65 8.43 25.56

4 Poaceae

Vetiveria zizanioides (L.)

Nash 3.96 4.63 4.44 13.03

5 Poaceae Saccharum spontaneum L. 3.88 3.82 3.77 11.47

6 Poaceae

Themeda villosa (poir.) A.

Camus 3.68 3.62 3.62 10.92

7 Poaceae

Phragmites karka (Retze.)

Trin ex Steud. 3.63 3.52 3.54 10.69

8 Poaceae Arundo donax L. 3.61 3.42 3.47 10.5

9 Zingiberaceae

Alpinia nigra (Geartn.)

Burtt. 3.15 3.02 3.14 9.31

10 Poaceae Arudinella brasiliensis 2.32 2.31 2.38 7.01

11 Poaceae Eleusine indica (L.) Gaert. 2.03 1.91 1.93 5.87

12 Poaceae Saccharum procerum Roxb. 1.99 1.81 1.8 5.6

13 Poaceae

Hymenachne acutigluma

(Steud) Gill. 1.93 1.71 1.81 5.45

14 Poaceae

Ophiouros megaphyllus

Stapf. 1.69 1.61 1.61 4.91

15 Poaceae Leersia hexandra Sw. 1.55 1.41 1.45 4.41

16 Poaceae

Saccharum arundinaceum

Retz. 1.49 1.31 1.37 4.17

17 Poaceae

Arundinella benghalensis

(Spr.) Druce. 1.42 1.21 1.31 3.94

18 Andropogaceae Andropogon aciculatus 1.32 1.11 1.2 3.63

19 Cyperaceae Cyperus pilosus 0.95 0.91 0.93 2.79

20 Poaceae Millium compressus 0.94 0.91 0.91 2.76

21 Poaceae Cynosurus indicus 0.91 0.7 0.79 2.4

22 Poaceae Panicum ciliara 0.9 0.82 0.85 2.57

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23 Poaceae Setaria biflora L. 0.89 0.84 0.83 2.56

24 Poaceae Agrosti procera 0.88 0.86 0.84 2.58

25 Poaceae Hemarthria compressa 0.88 0.85 0.84 2.57

26 Poaceae Narenga pophyrocoma 0.88 0.88 0.85 2.61

27 Poaceae Oplismenus burmannii 0.86 0.83 0.84 2.53

28 Poaceae Panicum pumilum 0.84 0.84 0.82 2.5

29 Poaceae Panicum acresus 0.82 0.83 0.81 2.46

30 Poaceae Panicum walense 0.8 0.88 0.83 2.51

31 Poaceae Panicum palvilum 0.79 0.88 0.81 2.48

32 Poaceae Panicum pumifolia 0.79 0.78 0.78 2.35

33 Poaceae Themeda arundinaceae 0.79 0.72 0.76 2.27

34 Poaceae Themeda caudata 0.77 0.77 0.75 2.29

35 Poaceae Panicum crusgalii 0.76 0.75 0.74 2.25

36 Poaceae Panicum flavidum 0.75 0.74 0.72 2.21

37 Cyperaceae Scirpus articulatus 0.76 0.7 0.72 2.18

38 Tamaricaceae Tamarix dioca 0.75 0.75 0.73 2.23

39 Poaceae Saccharum munja 0.75 0.74 0.73 2.22

40 Cyperaceae Cyperus diffusus Vahl 0.74 0.73 0.72 2.19

41 Cyperaceae Cyperus diformis L 0.67 0.67 0.66 2

42 Poaceae Cymbopogon citratus 0.67 0.67 0.65 1.99

43 Poaceae

Cymbopogon nardus (L.)

Rendle 0.67 0.69 0.65 2.01

44 Polygonaceae Polygonum hydropiper L. 0.64 0.64 0.63 1.91

45 Poaceae

Schizostachyum dwlooa

(Gamble) R, Majumdar 0.64 0.64 0.62 1.9

46 Poaceae Dendrocalamus hamiltonii 0.58 0.57 0.56 1.71

47 Poaceae

Cyrtococcum accrescens

(Too.) Stapf 0.58 0.83 0.7 2.11

48 Poaceae Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. 0.58 0.55 0.55 1.68

49 Poaceae

Dendrocalamus

longispathes Kurz 0.54 0.54 0.53 1.61

50 Poaceae Hymenachne assamica 0.53 0.53 0.52 1.58

51 Poaceae

Cymobopogon aciculatus

(Retz.) Too. 0.48 0.48 0.47 1.43

52 Poaceae

Digitaria longifolia ( Retz)

Pers 0.47 0.46 0.46 1.39

53 Cyperaceae

Cyperus cyperoides (L.)

O.ktze. Var. evo1utor (Cl.)

Kuk. 0.46 0.46 0.45 1.37

54 Cyperaceae Cyperus digitatus var. 0.45 0.45 0.44 1.34

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hookeri (Beeck.) Clarke.

55 Cyperaceae Cyperus kyllingia 0.44 0.43 0.43 1.3

56 Poaceae

Oxytenanthera albociliata

Munro 0.44 0.42 0.42 1.28

57 Zingiberaceae Curcuma aromatica Salisb. 0.44 0.42 0.42 1.28

58 Cyperaceae Cyperus halpan 0.42 0.42 0.41 1.25

59 Cyperaceae Cyperus iria L 0.37 0.37 0.36 1.1

60 Poaceae Digitaria pruriens Burse 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.96

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Appendix IV: Questionnaire for data collection on Human Elephant Conflict in Manas

National Park (CHAPTER-IX).

Data Sheet for Human Elephant Conflict Study

Date: Range (MNP): Village:

Date of incident: GPS location of the incident location:

Crop Raiding Record

Type of crop: Area of depredation:

Animal involved: Single Male/ all male group/ family herd

Effective management measure expected:

1. Active patrolling during night hours by forest guards Yes/No

2. Electric fencing along the boundary Yes/No

3. Killing of problem animal Yes/No

4. Chasing away by traditional drumbeating/ showing fire etc. Yes/No

5. Alternate cash crop like citrus, chilly etc. Yes/No

6. Shifting houses away from the Manas National Park boundary

Data collection on human injury and death

Elephant causing: Human death/ injury No of human death:

No of human injured:

Elephant responsible: Single Male/ all male group/ family herd

Data collection on elephant death and injury

Elephant dead: Age sex: No: Possible cause:

Elephant injured: Age sex: No: Possible cause:

Data collection on the infrastructure damaged

Type of infrastructure: Public/ Private

infrastructure

Type of Public infrastructure:

Type of Private infrastructure:

Animal involved: Single Male/ all male group/ family herd.

Nearest distance of the HEC location from different habitats of Asian elephant

Evergreen forest:

Semi evergreen forest: 1-500/ 501-1000/1001-1500/ 1501-2000/ more than 2001 meter.

Moist mixed deciduous forest: 1-500/ 501-1000/1001-1500/ 1501-2000/ more than 2001 meter.

Tall grassland: 1-500/ 501-1000/1001-1500/ 1501-2000/ more than 2001 meter.

Wet grassland: 1-500/ 501-1000/1001-1500/ 1501-2000/ more than 2001 meter.

Short grassland: 1-500/ 501-1000/1001-1500/ 1501-2000/ more than 2001 meter.

Other: 1-500/ 501-1000/1001-1500/ 1501-2000/ more than 2001 meter.

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Appendix V: Asian elephant in different locations of Manas National Park.

Elephants at Kanchanbari, MNP. Elephants near Panda camp, MNP.

Elephants herds at Uchila, MNP. Elephants at Kanchanbari, MNP.

Solitary bull elephant at Ruisingla road, MNP. Elephant herd at Latajhar, MNP.

appendix i: gps location of sighting records of identified...

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