appendix g l - arxx walls · all lintels require two rows of reinforcing, a top bar and a bottom...

Appendix G l

lintel design

Introduction

This Appendix offers limited reinforcement design for typical openings in a residential building. The tables herein have

been developed utilizing specific applicability limits for the United States and Canada. Since the design criteria for both

countries differs, this Appendix has been divided into G.1 – US and G.2 Canadian lintel design.

If the design criteria for your specific lintel requirements exceeds the applicability limits set herein or a suitable lintel

design cannot be found from the tables in this Appendix, then reference one of the documents listed below or retain a

local design professional to prepare the design in accordance with recognized standards.

Lintel Design Documents

Lintels for Arxx™ form sizes can be designed in accordance with the:

> Arxx Building Products American Prescriptive Design Guide (NAHB – RC)

> 2000 International Residential Code

> 1999 Standard Building Code

> Prescriptive Method for Insulating Concrete Forms in Residential Construction – PCA EB118

> Arxx Wallsystem Canadian Prescriptive Design Tables for Residential Buildings

It must be noted that by using one of the design criteria mentioned above, a more economical selection of reinforcing may

be available than that specified in this Appendix.

When utilizing structural design information contained in this manual, it is the User’s

responsibility to ascertain that all design loads and assumptions agree with those presented in

this manual.

198 installation guide

The following design criteria and tables are for lintel selection for typical residential window and door openings in the

United States. The overall design must consider all the elements listed in Section 1.7 Reinforcement at Openings, plus the

reinforcement indicated herein has been calculated for the applicability limits as per Table G.1.1. The information in this

section has been developed from the Arxx™ Prescriptive Design Requirements (NAHB – RC). Please refer to this document

for a larger range of lintel designs.

Table G.1.1 – Applicability Limits 1

Attribute Maximum Limitation

General number of stories 2 stories above grade plus a basement

story height 20 feet (6 m)

design wind speed 130 mph (209 km/h) fastest-mile (150 mpg (241 km/h) gust)

ground snow load 100 psf (4.8 kPa)

seismicity zones 0, 1, and 2

Foundations unbalanced backfill height 10 feet (3 m)

equivalent fluid density of soil 60 pcf (960 kg/m3)

Walls unit weight of concrete 150 pcf (23.6 kN/m3)

load-bearing wall height 20 feet (6 m)

Floors floor dead load 15 psf (0.72 kPa)

first-floor live load 40 psf (1.9 kPa)

second-floor live load (sleeping rooms) 30 psf (1.4 kPa)

floor clear span (unsupported) 32 feet (9.8 m)

Roofs roof slope 12:12

roof and ceiling dead load 15 psf (0.72 kPa)

roof live load 80 psf (3.8 kPa)

attic live load 20 psf (0.96 kPa)

roof clear span (unsupported) 40 feet (12 m)

1 This document is not intended to limit the appropriate use of concrete construction not specifically prescribed. This document is also not intended to

restrict the use of sound judgment or engineering analysis of specific applications that may result in designs with improved performance and economy.

To design your lintel, determine the design criteria as listed above then go to the tables to select the:

> vertical reinforcing on each side of the opening

> the horizontal reinforcing under the opening

> the top and bottom reinforcing in the Lintel over the opening

> the stirrup requirements in the Lintel

G.1.1 Minimum Opening Requirements

Wall openings less than 2 feet in width do not require additional reinforcing beyond the required horizontal and vertical

wall reinforcing.

199

G.1 Lintel Design – US

appendix g – lintel design



Wall openings 2 feet or greater, but less than 3 feet in width, require one horizontal #4 reinforcing bar within 6 inches of

the top of the opening and one horizontal #4 reinforcing bar within 6 inches from the bottom of the opening.

G.1.2 Reinforcing at Openings 3 Feet or Greater

Wall openings 3 feet or greater in width require a lintel above the opening, additional vertical reinforcing on each side of

the opening and additional horizontal reinforcing below the opening. (Refer to figure G1.1)

G.1.3 Horizontal Reinforcing Beneath Openings

Wall openings 3 feet or greater in width require one horizontal #4 reinforcing bar placed within 6 inches from the bottom

of the opening. The horizontal bar shall extend a minimum of 24 inches beyond the limits of the opening (see G.1.5).

G.1.4 Vertical Reinforcing at Openings

Vertical reinforcing at openings shall be the same height as the wall reinforcing (exception see G.1.5). Wall openings 3 feet

or greater in width require #4 reinforcing bars placed within 6 inches of the opening, on each side of the opening.

For wall heights 10 feet or less, located in areas with wind gust speeds not exceeding 110 mph, a minimum of one vertical

#4 bar placed within 6 inches of each side of the opening (less than 12 feet opening width) is permitted.

Exception: For areas with wind gust speeds exceeding the limits set above, a minimum of two vertical #4 bars placed

within 6 inches of the opening are required on each side.

G.1.5 Reinforcement Placement

All opening reinforcement placed horizontally above or below an opening shall extend a minimum of 24 inches beyond

the limits of the opening. Where 24 inches cannot be obtained beyond the limit of the opening, the bar may be bent 90

degrees in order to obtain adequate embedment. In conditions with wind speeds greater than 110 mph, all vertical

opening reinforcement in the top most story shall be terminated with a minimum 90 degree bend. The bend shall extend

a minimum 6 inches in the wall parallel to the top lintel reinforcement and lie within 4 inches of the top surface of the

Arxx™ wall.

G.1.6 Lintel Depth

To calculate the lintel depth, measure from the top of the opening to the underside of the lateral support member (floor or

ceiling) or the top of the wall, i.e. home with 8' ceiling height, top of window located 7' off the finished floor equals a lintel

depth of 1' (8' - 7' = 1'). If the lintel is in the bottom floor of a 2 story, the depth could be measured to the top of the pour,

if stirrups of the correct length are installed.

> Wall openings shall have a minimum depth of concrete above openings of 8 inches.

G.1.7 Wall Segment Between Openings

Wall segments between openings carry half the load from the lintels over both openings. Since this may be a substantial

load the size of the wall segment becomes very important, along with the opening sizes.

Wall segments between openings that are less than 2' shall not be considered as providing intermediate support for the

lintel. In this case the overall opening width is calculated as (1st opening width + 2nd opening width + wall segment width

= length of lintel).

G.1.8 Horizontal Reinforcing Over Opening (Lintel)

All lintels require two rows of reinforcing, a top bar and a bottom bar, plus a number of stirrups spaced evenly, tieing the

top and bottom bar together. Both the top and bottom bars extend a minimum of 24 inches beyond the opening, as

detailed in item G.1.5.

The top bar, in the lintel, is required to be a minimum #4 bar, located in the lintel as per figure G.1.2.

Exception: Continuous horizontal wall reinforcement placed in the top course of the wall story is permitted to be used in

lieu of top lintel reinforcement provided that the continuous horizontal wall reinforcement meets the location requirements

detailed in figure G.1.2.

The lintel bottom bar must be selected from following Tables G.1.2, G.1.3 and G.1.4. The main criteria to select the bottom

bar from the tables is – maximum building wall width (supported span), lintel opening width, lintel depth, snow load and

wall form size.

The installation of the top and bottom bars shall be as per figure G.1.2 with the minimum concrete coverage as detailed.

It may be necessary to hang the top and bottom bars in the form to achieve the desired lintel depth.

G.1.9 Stirrups and Stirrup Spacing

Most lintels require stirrup reinforcing. Stirrups are installed in the lintel section over the opening to tie the top and

bottom reinforcing bars together. Stirrups are bent into a ‘C’ shape and are made from a minimum #3 bar.

The number of stirrups and the stirrup spacing is dependent on the overall design load for the lintel. Tables G.1.5 and

G.1.6 indicate the number of stirrups required on each side of the opening and the ‘on-center’ spacing of the required

stirrups. The first stirrup is placed over the edge of the opening (see figure G.1.2).

Refer to Section 1.5 for wall reinforcing requirements.

Placement of reinforcement shall be in accordance with the local standards, regulations, or code

having jurisdiction.

In the US, the design and placement of reinforcing steel must be in conformance with ACI 318, or

ACI 332, or the 2000 International Residential Code, or the 1999 Standard Building Code, or the

Arxx™ Prescriptive Design Requirements (NAHB – RC).

201appendix g – lintel design



Figure G.1.1

Figure G.1.2

6" MAX 6" MAX

24" 24"

24" 24"

HORIZONTAL REINFORCINGBENEATH OPENING

LINTELDEPTH

STIRRUPS EQUALLY SPACED

TOP BAR #4

BOTTOM BARAS SPECIFIED

VERTICAL REINFORCINGAS SPECIFIED

ELEVATION SECTION

OPENING

DEPTHLINTEL

BUCKSAVER

6" MAX

LINTEL SIZE (L1)

LINTEL

A A

LIN

TE

L D

EP

TH

1 1/2" MIN

TOP BAR #4


STIRRUP AS SPECIFIED



TOP BAR #4


BUCK SAVER

LINTEL SECTION ELEVATION DETAIL

OPENING

24"

2 1/2" MAX

2 1/2" MAX1 1/2" MIN

A

LINTEL

1st STIRRUP PLACED OVER THE EDGE OFOPENING

STIRRUP ENDDISTANCE

Table G.1.2 – Bottom Bar Selection – Maximum Allowable Opening Width for Arxx™ Lintels in

Load-Bearing Walls Supporting Light-Frame Roof Only 1,2,3,4

Maximum Opening Width

Supporting Light-Frame Roof Only

Maximum Ground Snow Load (psf)

20 40 60 80 100

Bottom Bar Reinforcement Size

#4 #5 #4 #5 #4 #5 #4 #5 #4 #5

24 8 6' 0" 7' 3" 5' 7" 6' 5" 5' 2" 6' 0" 4' 9" 5' 5" 4' 5" 4' 10"

12 7' 10" 9' 8" 7' 2" 8' 10" 6' 6" 8' 0" 5' 10" 7' 2" 5' 3" 6' 5"

16 9' 1" 11' 3" 8' 4" 10' 4" 7' 8" 9' 6" 6' 11" 8' 7" 6' 3" 7' 9"

20 10' 2" 12' 7" 9' 4" 11' 7" 8' 7" 10' 8" 7' 10" 9' 8" 7' 1" 8' 9"

245 11' 4" 13' 9" 10' 5" 12' 8" 9' 7" 11' 8" 8' 8" 10' 7" 7' 10" 9' 7"

28 8 5' 7" 6' 9" 5' 1" 6' 2" 4' 7" 5' 7" 4' 1" 5' 0" 3' 8" 4' 5"

12 7' 4" 9' 0" 6' 8" 8' 3" 6' 1" 7' 6" 5' 6" 6' 9" 4' 11" 6' 0"

16 8' 6" 10' 7" 7' 10" 9' 9" 7' 2" 8' 11" 6' 6" 8' 1" 5' 10" 7' 2"

20 9' 7" 11' 10" 8' 10" 10' 11" 8' 1" 10' 0" 7' 4" 9' 1" 6' 7" 8' 2"

24 10' 7" 12' 11" 9' 9" 11' 11" 8' 11" 10' 11" 8' 1" 9' 11" 7' 3" 9' 0"

32 8 5' 3" 6' 4" 4' 9" 5' 9" 4' 4" 5' 3" 3' 11" 4' 8" 3' 6" 4' 2"

12 6' 10" 8' 5" 6' 3" 7' 8" 5' 8" 7' 0" 5' 1" 6' 3" 4' 7" 5' 7"

16 8' 1" 10' 0" 7' 5" 9' 3" 6' 9" 8' 5" 6' 1" 7' 7" 5' 6" 6' 9"

20 9' 0" 11' 2" 8' 4" 10' 3" 7' 7" 9' 5" 6' 10" 8' 6" 6' 2" 7' 8"

24 10' 0" 12' 3" 9' 3" 11' 3" 8' 5" 10' 4" 7' 7" 9' 4" 6' 10" 8' 5"

1 Allowable opening width applicable for 4-inch, 6.25-inch, and 7.875-inch-wide lintels with No. 4 or No. 5 bottom bar reinforcement and

No. 4 top bar reinforcement.2 Total service load deflection criterion is L/240, where L is the opening width of the lintel in inches.3 No. 3 stirrups are required in accordance with Table G.1.5.4 Arxx wall dead load is maximum 78 psf (3.7 kPa) for 6.25-inch and 7.785-inch-wide lintels. Arxx wall dead load is maximum 50 psf (2.4 kPa) for

4-inch-wide lintels.5 Lintel depth not permitted for 7.875-inch- (200-mm-) wide lintels with No. 4 bottom bar reinforcement.


Maximum MinimumBuilding LintelWidth Depth D(feet) (inches)

Example:

For this table, utilizing your specific information,

follow this example:

Select the Maximum Building Width 32'

Select the Minimum Lintel Depth 12"

Select the Maximum Ground Snow Load 100

Under this example criteria you will find:

for #4 bar a maximum opening width of 4' 7"


If your opening width is:

3' (3' is less than 4' 7", #4 bar is ok)


5' (5' is greater than 4' 7" but less than 5' 7", #5 bar is ok)

6' (6' is greater than 4' 7" and greater than 5' 7",

specific design is required)




Load-Bearing Walls Supporting Light-Frame Second Story and Roof 1,2,3,4


Supporting Light-Frame Second Story and Roof


20 40 60 80 100


#4 #5 #4 #5 #4 #5 #4 #5 #4 #5

24 8 4' 5" 5' 3" 4' 2" 4' 11" 3' 11" 4' 8" 3' 8" 4' 4" 3' 5" 4' 1"

12 5' 10" 7' 1" 5' 6" 6' 8" 5' 2" 6' 3" 4' 10" 5' 10" 4' 6" 5' 6"

16 6' 10" 8' 6" 6' 5" 8' 0" 6' 1" 7' 6" 5' 8" 7' 0" 5' 4" 6' 7"

20 7' 9" 9' 7" 7' 4" 9' 0" 6' 11" 8' 6" 6' 6" 8' 0" 6' 1" 7' 6"

245 8' 7" 10' 6" 8' 1" 9' 11" 7' 8" 9' 4" 7' 2" 8' 9" 6' 9" 8' 3"

28 8 4' 1" 4' 11" 3' 10" 4' 7" 3' 7" 4' 2" 3' 4" 4' 0" 3' 2" 3' 9"

12 5' 5" 6' 7" 5' 1" 6' 2" 4' 9" 5' 10" 4' 5" 5' 5" 4' 2" 5' 1"

16 6' 5" 7' 11" 6' 0" 7' 5" 5' 8" 7' 0" 5' 4" 6' 6" 5' 0" 6' 1"

20 7' 3" 9' 0" 6' 10" 8' 6" 6' 5" 8' 0" 6' 0" 7' 6" 5' 8" 7' 0"

24 8' 0" 9' 10" 7' 6" 9' 3" 7' 1" 8' 9" 6' 8" 8' 3" 6' 3" 7' 9"

32 8 3' 10" 4' 8" 3' 7" 4' 4" 3' 4" 4' 1" 3' 1" 3' 10" 2' 11" 3' 7"

12 5' 1" 6' 3" 4' 9" 5' 10" 4' 6" 5' 6" 4' 2" 5' 1" 3' 11" 4' 9"

16 6' 1" 7' 6" 5' 8" 7' 0" 5' 4" 6' 7" 5' 0" 6' 1" 4' 8" 5' 8"

20 6' 10" 8' 5" 6' 5" 7' 11" 6' 1" 7' 6" 5' 8" 7' 0" 5' 4" 6' 7"

24 7' 7" 9' 4" 7' 2" 8' 10" 6' 9" 8' 4" 6' 4" 7' 9" 5' 11" 7' 3"





Example:













6' (6' is greater than 5' 4" but less than 6' 6", #5 bar is ok)



Load-Bearing Walls Supporting Arxx Second Story and Light-Frame Roof 1,2,3,4


Supporting Arxx Second Story and Light-Frame Roof


20 40 60 80 100


#4 #5 #4 #5 #4 #5 #4 #5 #4 #5

24 8 3' 10" 4' 8" 3' 7" 4' 5" 3' 5" 4' 3" 3' 3" 4' 0" 3' 1" 3' 10"

12 4' 11" 6' 1" 4' 8" 5' 9" 4' 6" 5' 6" 4' 3" 5' 3" 4' 1" 5' 0"

16 5' 10" 7' 3" 5' 7" 6' 11" 5' 4" 6' 7" 5' 1" 6' 3" 4' 10" 6' 0"

20 6' 7" 8' 2" 6' 3" 7' 9" 6' 0" 7' 5" 5' 9" 7' 1" 5' 6" 6' 9"

245 7' 4" 9' 0" 7' 0" 8' 7" 6' 8" 8' 3" 6' 4" 7' 10" 6' 1" 7' 6"

28 8 3' 7" 4' 5" 3' 5" 4' 4" 3' 3" 4' 1" 3' 1" 3' 10" 2' 11" 3' 7"

12 4' 9" 5' 10" 4' 6" 5' 6" 4' 3" 5' 3" 4' 0" 5' 0" 3' 10" 4' 9"

16 5' 7" 6' 11" 5' 4" 6' 7" 5' 1" 6' 3" 4' 10" 5' 11" 4' 7" 5' 8"

20 6' 4" 7' 10" 6' 0" 7' 5" 5' 9" 7' 1" 5' 5" 6' 9" 5' 2" 6' 5"

24 7' 0" 8' 7" 6' 8" 8' 2" 6' 4" 7' 10" 6' 0" 7' 5" 5' 9" 7' 1"

32 8 3' 5" 4' 2" 3' 3" 3' 11" 3' 1" 3' 9" 2' 11" 3' 6" 2' 9" 3' 4"

12 4' 6" 5' 6" 4' 3" 5' 3" 4' 1" 5' 0" 3' 10" 4' 9" 3' 8" 4' 6"

16 5' 4" 6' 7" 5' 1" 6' 3" 4' 10" 5' 11" 4' 7" 5' 7" 4' 4" 5' 4"

20 6' 0" 7' 6" 5' 8" 7' 1" 5' 5" 6' 9" 5' 2" 6' 5" 4' 11" 6' 1"

24 6' 8" 8' 3" 6' 4" 7' 9" 6' 0" 7' 5" 5' 8" 7' 1" 5' 5" 6' 9"





Example:











4' (4' is greater than 3' 8", but less than 4' 6", #5 bar is ok)







Table G.1.5 – Minimum Stirrup Requirements for End Distance ‘A’ Arxx™ Lintels in Tables G.1.2, G.1.3,

and G.1.4.1,2,3,5

Length of End Distance ‘A’ Where Stirrups are Required

4-Inch-Wide Lintel 6.25-Inch-Wide Lintel 7.875-Inch-Wide Lintel

Minimum Bottom Bar Reinforcement

No. 4 No. 5 No. 4 No. 5 No. 4 No. 5

8 3 24" 30" 18" 27" 15" 24"

12 5 25" 40" 20" 30" 15" 25"

16 7 28" 42" 21" 28" none required 21"

20 9 27" 45" none required 27" none required 27"

24 11 33" 44" none required 33" see footnote 4 none required

1 Minimum stirrup size shall be No. 3.2 Refer to Figure G.1.2 for location of end distance ‘A’ in the lintel.3 No stirrups required if the constructed lintel span length is less than maximum allowable clear span in Tables G.1.2, G.1.3, or G.1.4 minus two times ‘A’

for the lintel of interest.4 Lintel depth not permitted for 7.875-inch- (200-mm) wide lintels with No. 4 bottom bar reinforcement.5 Where opening width is equal to or less than twice the end distance ‘A’, place stirrups continuously across the opening at the maximum stirrup spacing.

Minimum MaximumLintel StirrupDepth, D Spacing(inches) (inches)

Table G.1.6 – Maximum Allowable Opening Widths and Minimum Stirrup Requirements for Arxx

Lintels in Gable End (Non-Load-Bearing) Walls1,2,3 No. 4 Top and Bottom Bar Size

Supporting Light-Frame Gable Supporting Arxx Second StoryEnd Wall (feet) Gable End Wall5 (feet)

Maximum End Distance ‘A’ Maximum End Distance ‘A’Opening Width Where Stirrups Opening Width Where Stirrups(feet) Are Required4 (feet) Are Required4

8 3 14 15" 6 18"

12 5 16 10" 8 20"

16 7 16 7" 9 14"

20 9 16 9" 10 18"

24 11 16 none required 11 11"

1 Total service load deflection criterion is L/240, where L is the opening width of the lintel in inches.2 Linear interpolation is permitted between lintel depths.3 Minimum stirrup size shall be No. 3.4 Refer to Figure G.1.2 for the location of end distance ‘A’ in the lintel.5 Arxx wall dead load is maximum 78 psf (3.7 kPa).

Minimum MaximumLintel StirrupDepth, D Spacing(inches) (inches)

For stirrup requirements see G.1.9 and refer to Figure G.1.2.

Refer to example of Note #3 and #5.

Table G.1.5 Example of Note #3

First go to the applicable table G1.2, G1.3 or G1.4.

For this table, utilizing your specific information, follow this example:




Under this example criteria you will find the maximum allowable span, from Table G.1.3, for the bottom bar you selected –

for #4 bar a maximum allowable opening width is 5'4" (64"), from table G1.5, using the example criteria with a Lintel

depth 16", using a 6.25 inch form, the End distance ‘A’ is 21" and maximum stirrup spacing is 7" on center.

Evaluating note #3, the statement is either true or false – No stirrups are required if the lintel span length (opening width)

48" is less than the max. allowable opening width minus 2 x A, (64" - [2 x 21"]) equals 22". 48" is not less than 22",

stirrups are therefore required.

Table G.1.5 Example of Note #5

If we have a lintel depth of 20" with a 4" form, using a #4 bottom bar the ‘A’ distance is 27".

Twice the end distance A is 2 x 27" = 54". Therefore, any opening equal to or less than 54" requires stirrups continuously

across the opening spaced equally as per the table above, provided note #3 does not apply.


G.2 Lintel Design – Canada

The following design criteria and tables are for lintel selection for typical residential windows and doors openings from 3'

(900mm) to 6' (1800mm) wide in the Canada. The overall design must consider all the elements listed in Section 1.7

Reinforcement at Openings, plus the reinforcement indicated herein which has been calculated for the applicability limits

as per Table G.2.1. The information in this section has been developed from the Arxx™ Wallsystem Canadian Prescriptive

Design Tables for Residential Buildings. Please refer to this document for a larger range of lintel designs.

Table G.2.1 – Applicability Limits

Parameter Value

General number of stories above grade 2

maximum basement height 3.05m (10 feet)

maximum wall height for 1 story building 4.88m (16 feet)

maximum wall height for 2 story building 3.66m (12 feet)

maximum building length 24.4m (80 feet)

maximum building depth 12.2m (40 feet)

floor clear span .4-9.8m (16"-32 feet)

roof clear span .6-12.2m (2-40 feet)

Dead Loads floor .7 kPa (15 psf)

partition walls .5 kPa (10 psf)

roof .7 kPa (15 psf)

concrete density 24 kN/m3 (150 pcf)

Live Loads main floor 1.9 kPa (40 psf)

second floor 1.4 kPa (30 psf)

attic 1.0 kPa (20 psf)

composite snow 0-4.0 kPa (0-84 psf)

equivalent soil fluid pressure 480-960 kg/m3 (30-60 pcf)

wind load (q1/30) ≤ 0.6 kPa

seismic zones Za, Zv = 0–4

To design your lintel, ensure the building and its location meet the above criteria and then go to the tables to select the:

> vertical reinforcing on each side of the opening

> the horizontal reinforcing under the opening

> the top and bottom reinforcing in the lintel over the opening

> the stirrup requirements in the lintel

G.2.1 Minimum Opening Requirements

Openings 2' (610mm) in width or smaller do not require additional reinforcing beyond the required horizontal and vertical

wall reinforcing (see Section 1.5).


G.2.2 Lintel Depth

To calculate the lintel depth, measure from the top of the opening to the underside of the lateral support member (floor or

ceiling) or the top of the wall. i.e. home with 8' ceiling height, top of window located 7' off the finished floor equals a lintel

depth of 1' (8' - 7' = 1'). If the lintel is in the bottom floor of a 2 story, the depth could be measured to the top of the pour,

if stirrups of the correct length are installed.

G.2.3 Wall Segment Between Openings (Tributary Wall Length)

Wall segments between openings carry half the load from the lintels over both openings. Since this may be a substantial

load the size of the wall segment becomes very important along with the opening sizes.

Wall segments between openings that are less than 1' (300mm) shall not be considered as providing intermediate support

for the lintel. In this case the overall opening width is calculated as (1st opening width + 2nd opening width + wall

segment width = length of lintel).

Tributary Wall Length (TWL) is a calculated sum, using half the size of each opening plus the size of the wall segment

between the openings, (see figure G.2.4). Wall segments between openings that are a minimum of 1' (300mm) or a

maximum of 2' (610mm) have a direct impact on the sizing of the vertical reinforcing. Wall segments between openings

that are greater than 2' (610mm) only offer 1' (610mm) to the TWL calculation. Refer to Figures G.2.3 and G.2.4 for TWL

configuration.

G.2.4 Vertical Reinforcing at Openings Greater than 2' (610mm)

Vertical bars are required on each side of the opening, in the center of the form, within 4" (100mm) of the edge of the

opening. These vertical bars are the same length as the wall vertical bars, continuous for the full story height (see Figure

G.2.1).

Utilizing Table G.2.2 – Minimum Vertical Reinforcing, select the required vertical reinforcing from the table. In a majority of

cases the vertical reinforcing for lintel openings up to 6' (1800mm) wide may be either a 10M or 15M bar. Using a 15M will

satisfy most of the configurations, in the criteria set out in this section.

G.2.5 Horizontal Reinforcing Beneath Openings

Horizontal reinforcing shall be the same size as required for the vertical reinforcing at the sides, from Table G.2.2.

Place the horizontal bars within 4" (100mm) of the bottom of the opening, in the center of the form (Figure G.2.1).

The bar shall extend a minimum of 2' (600m) horizontally beyond the edge of the opening. Where this extension cannot

be achieved a standard hook shall be provided at the end of the bar.




G.2.6 Horizontal Reinforcing Over Opening (Lintel)

All lintels require two rows of reinforcing, a top bar and a bottom bar plus a number of stirrups spaced evenly, tieing the

top and bottom bar together. Both the top and bottom bars extend a minimum of 2' (600mm) beyond the opening, on

each side. Where this extension cannot be achieved a standard hook shall be provided at the end of the bar.

The top bar is required to be a minimum 10M bar.

The bottom bar must be selected from Tables G.2.3 or G.2.4. The main criteria to select the bottom bar from the tables is –

maximum building wall width (supported span), lintel opening width, lintel depth, snow load and wall form size.

The installation of the top and bottom bars shall be as per Figure G.2.2 with the minimum concrete coverage as detailed. It

may be necessary to hang the top and bottom bars in the form to achieve the desired lintel depth.

G.2.7 Stirrups and Stirrup Spacing

All lintels require stirrup reinforcing. Stirrups are installed in the lintel section over the opening to tie the top and bottom

reinforcing bars together. Stirrups are bent into a ‘C’ shape and are made from a minimum 10M bar (see Figure G.2.2).

The number of stirrups and the stirrup spacing is dependent on the overall design load for the lintel. Tables G.2.5 and

G.2.6 indicate the number of stirrups required on each side of the opening, the ‘on-center’ spacing of the stirrups, and the

starting dimension from the edge of the opening as per Figure G.2.2.

Note, the first stirrup start distance is 1⁄2 the required stirrup spacing dimension. (i.e. on center spacing 3 @ 5" each side,

1st stirrup start distance is 2.5" [ 1⁄2 x 5"] ).

Refer to Section 1.5 for wall reinforcing requirements.

Placement of reinforcement shall be in accordance with the local standards, regulations, or code

having jurisdiction.

In Canada, the placement of reinforcing steel shall conform to CSA A23.1; design requirements

must be in accordance with CSA A23.3, or the Arxx™ Wallsystem Canadian Prescriptive Design Tables

for Residential Buildings.


Figure G.2.1

Figure G.2.2

4" 4"

600mm24"

600mm24"

600mm24"

600mm24"

HORIZONTAL REINFORCINGBENEATH OPENING

LINTELDEPTH


TOP BAR 10M



1st STIRRUP STARTDISTANCE

ELEVATION SECTION

OPENING

FIN. CEILING

DEPTHLINTEL

BUCKSAVER

4"

LINTEL SIZE (L1)

LINTEL

LIN

TE

L D

EP

TH

1 1/2" (38mm)

1 1/2" (38mm)

TOP BAR 10M


STIRRUP AS SPECIFIED



TOP BAR 10M

VERTICAL REINFORCING

BUCK SAVER

LINTEL SECTION ELEVATION DETAIL

OPENING

24"

1st STIRRUP STARTDISTANCE

Figure G.2.3

Refer to Table G.2.2.

Figure G.2.4

Refer to Table G.2.2.

ELEVATION

OPENING WIDTH

TRIBUTARY WALL LENGTH

LINTEL - L1OPENING WIDTH

LINTEL - L2W1

WALL SEGMENT

TWL = (L1 + L2) + W1 2

W1 = MINIMUM 1'MAXIMUM 2'

TRIBUTARY WALL LENGTH (TWL)



ELEVATION

OPENING WIDTH

TRIBUTARY WALL LENGTH

LINTEL L1

1' (300 mm)TWL = L1 + 1'

2

i.e. OPENING WIDTH (L1) = 4'

TRIBUTARY WALL LENGTH (TWL)

TWL = 4' + 1' = 3'2

Table G.2.2

Minimum Vertical Reinforcing per Tributary Wall Length (twl) per Figure G.2.3

Lintel Size One Opening 1 Story or Top of 2 Story Bottom Floor of 2 Story

(L1) TWL = (L1/2)+1' 4" Form 6" Form 4" Form 6" Form

3' (900mm) 2.5' 10M 10M 15M 10M

4' (1200mm) 3' 15M 10m 15M 10M

5' (1520mm) 3.5' 15M 10M 15M 10M

6' (1800mm) 4' 15M 10M 15M 10M


Two Openings of the Same Size with a 1' Wall Segment

Lintel Size One Opening 1 Story or Top of 2 Story Bottom Floor of 2 Story

(L1 & L2) TWL = ([L1+L2]/2)+1' 4" Form 6" Form 4" Form 6" Form

3' (900mm) 4' 15M 10M 15M 10M

4' (1200mm) 5' 15M 10M NR 10M

5' (1520mm) 6' NR 10M NR 10M

6' (1800mm) 7' NR 10M NR 10M


Two Openings of the Same Size with a 2' Wall Segment

Lintel Size Two Openings 1 Story or Top of 2 Story Bottom Floor of 2 Story

(L1 & L2) TWL = ([L1+L2]/2)+2' 4" Form 6" Form 4" Form 6" Form

3' (900mm) 5' 15M 10M NR 10M

4' (1200mm) 6' NR 10M NR 10M

5' (1520mm) 7' NR 10M NR 10M

6' (1800mm) 8' NR 15M NR 15M

NR – Not Recommended.

Refer to Item G.2.3 and Figures G.2.3 and G.2.4.




Table G.2.3A – Bottom Bar Chart for 1 Story House OR Top Floor of 2 Story House – Maximum

Building Width 24' (7.32m)1,2,3,4

Specified Snow Load

1 kPa/20 psf 2 kPa/40 psf 3 kPa/60 psf 4 kPa/80 psf

4" Form 6" Form 4" Form 6" Form 4" Form 6" Form 4" Form 6" Form

10" (255mm) 10M 10M 10M 10M 10M 10M 10M 10M

12" (305mm) 10M 10M 10M 10M 10M 10M 10M 10M

16" (405mm) 10M 15M 10M 15M 10M 15M 10M 15M

20" (510mm) 10M 15M 10M 15M 10M 15M 10M 15M

10" (255mm) 10M 10M 10M 10M 10M 10M 10M 10M

12" (305mm) 10M 10M 10M 10M 10M 10M 10M 10M

16" (405mm) 10M 15M 10M 15M 10M 15M 10M 15M

20" (510mm) 10M 15M 10M 15M 10M 15M 10M 15M

24" (610mm) 15M 20M 15M 20M 15M 20M 15M 20M

10" (255mm) 10M 10M 10M 10M 15M 15M 15M 15M

12" (305mm) 10M 10M 10M 10M 10M 10M 15M 15M

16" (405mm) 10M 15M 10M 15M 10M 15M 10M 15M

20" (510mm) 10M 15M 10M 15M 10M 15M 10M 15M

24" (610mm) 15M 20M 15M 20M 15M 20M 15M 20M

10" (255mm) 10M 10M 15M 15M 15M 15M 20M 20M

12" (305mm) 10M 10M 15M 15M 15M 15M 15M 15M

16" (405mm) 10M 15M 10M 15M 10M 15M 15M 15M

20" (510mm) 10M 15M 10M 15M 10M 15M 10M 15M

24" (610mm) 15M 20M 15M 20M 15M 20M 15M 20M

Notes

1. Total Service load deflection criterion is L/240 where L is the clear span of the lintel in inches.

2. Linear Interpolation is permitted between ground snow loads and building widths.

3. Provide 10M Stirrups in accordance with Figure G.2.2 and Table G.2.5 and G.2.6.

4. Arxx wall dead load is maximum 3.7 kPa (78 psf) for 159mm (6.25") and 200mm (7.875") wide lintels. Arxx wall dead load is maximum 2.4kPa (50 psf) for100mm (4") wide lintels.

Opening LintelWidth Depth

36"

(900mm)

48"

(1200mm)

60"

(1520mm)

72"

(1800mm)


Table G.2.3B – Bottom Bar Chart for Bottom Floor of 2 Story House – Maximum Building Width 24'

(7.32m)1,2,3,4,5

Specified Snow Load



10" (255mm) 10M 10M 10M 10M 10M 10M 10M 10M

12" (305mm) 10M 10M 10M 10M 10M 10M 10M 10M

16" (405mm) 10M 15M 10M 15M 10M 15M 10M 15M

20" (510mm) 10M 15M 10M 15M 10M 15M 10M 15M

10" (255mm) 15M 15M 15M 15M 15M 15M 15M 15M

12" (305mm) 10M 10M 15M 15M 15M 15M 15M 15M

16" (405mm) 10M 15M 10M 15M 10M 15M 10M 15M

20" (510mm) 10M 15M 10M 15M 10M 15M 10M 15M

24" (610mm) 15M 20M 15M 20M 15M 20M 15M 20M

10" (255mm) 15M 15M 20M 20M 20M 20M NR 2-15M

12" (305mm) 15M 15M 15M 15M 15M 15M 20M 20M

16" (405mm) 10M 15M 10M 15M 15M 15M 15M 15M

20" (510mm) 10M 15M 10M 15M 10M 15M 15M 15M

24" (610mm) 15M 20M 15M 20M 15M 20M 15M 20M

10" (255mm) 20M 20M NR 2-15M NR NR NR NR

12" (305mm) 20M 20M NR 20M NR 20M NR 2-15M

16" (405mm) 15M 15M 15M 15M 15M 15M 20M 20M

20" (510mm) 10M 15M 15M 15M 15M 15M 15M 15M

24" (610mm) 15M 20M 15M 20M 15M 20M 15M 20M


Notes





5. This table may be utilized to size lintels over openings in basement or walk-out basement walls.


36"

(900mm)

48"

(1200mm)

60"

(1520mm)

72"

(1800mm)



Table G.2.4A – Bottom Bar Chart for 1 Story House OR Top Floor of 2 Story House – Maximum

Building Width 40' (12.2m)1,2,3,4

Specified Snow Load



10" (255mm) 10M 10M 10M 10M 10M 10M 10M 10M

12" (305mm) 10M 10M 10M 10M 10M 10M 10M 10M

16" (405mm) 10M 15M 10M 15M 10M 15M 10M 15M

20" (510mm) 10M 15M 10M 15M 10M 15M 10M 15M

10" (255mm) 10M 10M 10M 10M 15M 15M 15M 15M

12" (305mm) 10M 10M 10M 10M 10M 10M 15M 15M

16" (405mm) 10M 15M 10M 15M 10M 15M 10M 15M

20" (510mm) 10M 15M 10M 15M 10M 15M 10M 15M

24" (610mm) 15M 20M 15M 20M 15M 20M 15M 20M

10" (255mm) 10M 10M 15M 15M 20M 20M NR 2-15M

12" (305mm) 10M 10M 15M 15M 15M 15M 20M 20M

16" (405mm) 10M 15M 10M 15M 15M 15M 15M 20M

20" (510mm) 10M 15M 10M 15M 10M 15M 15M 20M

24" (610mm) 15M 20M 15M 20M 15M 20M 15M 20M

10" (255mm) 15M 15M 20M 20M NR NR NR NR

12" (305mm) 15M 15M 15M 15M 20M 2-15M NR 2-15M

16" (405mm) 10M 15M 15M 15M 15M 20M 20M 20M

20" (510mm) 10M 15M 10M 15M 15M 15M 15M 15M

24" (610mm) 15M 20M 15M 20M 15M 20M 15M 20M


Notes






36"

(900mm)

48"

(1200mm)

60"

(1520mm)

72"

(1800mm)


Table G.2.4B – Bottom Bar Chart for Bottom Floor of 2 Story House – Maximum Building Width 40'

(12.2m))1,2,3,4,5

Specified Snow Load



10" (255mm) 10M 10M 10M 10M 15M 15M 15M 15M

12" (305mm) 10M 10M 10M 10M 10M 10M 10M 10M

16" (405mm) 10M 15M 10M 15M 10M 15M 10M 15M

20" (510mm) 10M 15M 10M 15M 10M 15M 10M 15M

10" (255mm) 15M 15M 15M 15M 15M 15M 20M 20M

12" (305mm) 15M 15M 15M 15M 15M 15M 15M 15M

16" (405mm) 10M 15M 10M 15M 10M 15M 15M 15M

20" (510mm) 10M 15M 10M 15M 10M 15M 10M 15M

24" (610mm) 15M 20M 15M 20M 15M 20M 15M 20M

10" (255mm) 20M 20M NR 2-15M NR 2-15M NR NR

12" (305mm) 15M 15M 20M 20M 20M 20M NR 2-15M

16" (405mm) 15M 15M 15M 15M 15M 15M 15M 15M

20" (510mm) 10M 15M 10M 15M 15M 15M 15M 15M

24" (610mm) 15M 20M 15M 20M 15M 20M 15M 20M

10" (255mm) NR 2-15M NR NR NR NR NR NR

12" (305mm) 20M 20M NR 2-15M NR 2-15M NR NR

16" (405mm) 15M 15M 20M 20M 20M 20M 20M 20M

20" (510mm) 15M 15M 15M 15M 15M 15M 20M 20M

24" (610mm) 15M 20M 15M 20M 15M 20M 15M 20M


Notes





5. This table may be utilized to size lintels over openings in basement or walk-out basement walls.


36"

(900mm)

48"

(1200mm)

60"

(1520mm)

72"

(1800mm)



Table G.2.5 – Stirrup Requirements and Maximum Spacing for Lintels Supporting Roof Only

Number of Stirrups and Spacing

4" Form 6" Form

10" (255mm) 3 @ 5" oc each side, start @ 2.5" 3 @ 5" oc each side, start @ 2.5"

12" (305mm) 3 @ 6.5" oc each side, start @ 3.5" 2 @ 6.5" oc each side, start @ 3.5"


20" (510mm) 2 each side, start @ 6" 1 each side, start @ 6"




20" (510mm) 2 @ 12" oc each side, start @ 6" 2 @ 12" oc each side, start @ 6"













36"

(900mm)

48"

(1200mm)

60"

(1520mm)

72"

(1800mm)

Table G.2.6 – Stirrup Requirements and Maximum Spacing for Lintels Supporting 1 Story & Roof

Number of Stirrups and Spacing

4" Form 6" Form

10" (255mm) 4 @ 4.5" oc each side, start @ 2.5" 4 @ 5" oc each side, start @ 2.5"



20" (510mm) 2 each side, start @ 6" 2 each side, start @ 6"


















36"

(900mm)

48"

(1200mm)

60"

(1520mm)

72"

(1800mm)