appendix c

Appendix C-1

Appendix C

Networking

www.prenhall.com/jessup

Appendix C-2Information Systems Today (©2006 Prentice Hall)

Human Communication

MessagesHuman communication - sharing of information, in the form of a message, between senders and receivers.

SenderInitiates message by formulating content in the brain and coding in a form that can be communicated to the receiver (e.g. voice)

SenderInitiates message by formulating content in the brain and coding in a form that can be communicated to the receiver (e.g. voice)

Receiver Uses receiving mechanism (e.g. eyes, ears) to receive encoded message and then decodes contents or requests message be resent

Receiver Uses receiving mechanism (e.g. eyes, ears) to receive encoded message and then decodes contents or requests message be resent

Communication Pathway


Requirements for Communication (Computer)

Senders and Receivers Must have both, with message to share, to facilitate communication

Senders and Receivers Must have both, with message to share, to facilitate communication

Communication Medium A medium to transfer message must exist between sender and receiver (e.g., a cable)

Communication Medium A medium to transfer message must exist between sender and receiver (e.g., a cable)

ProtocolsProcedures, rules, or standards that must be followed by computers when sending or receiving data

ProtocolsProcedures, rules, or standards that must be followed by computers when sending or receiving data


Computer Networks

Distributed Computing (1980s)Small computers networked together allowing users to perform subset of tasks that in total are equal to that of a centralized computer while sharing information between computers

Distributed Computing (1980s)Small computers networked together allowing users to perform subset of tasks that in total are equal to that of a centralized computer while sharing information between computers

Centralized Computing (1970s)Central computer (mainframe) connected to terminals (dumb). All processing done on central computer

Centralized Computing (1970s)Central computer (mainframe) connected to terminals (dumb). All processing done on central computer

Collaborative Computing (1990s)Synergistic form of distributed computing -networked computers do common processing tasks by sharing data and processing responsibilities

Collaborative Computing (1990s)Synergistic form of distributed computing -networked computers do common processing tasks by sharing data and processing responsibilities


Types of Computing

Distributed Computing

Collaborative Computing

Centralized Computing


Types of Networks

NetworksCollections of computers and other devices to facilitate communication – Types:

• Private Branch Exchange (PBX)• Local Area Network (LAN)• Wide Area Network (WAN)• Global Networks• Enterprise Network• Value-added Network (VAN)• Metropolitan Network (MAN)• Personal Area Network (PAN)

NetworksCollections of computers and other devices to facilitate communication – Types:

• Private Branch Exchange (PBX)• Local Area Network (LAN)• Wide Area Network (WAN)• Global Networks• Enterprise Network• Value-added Network (VAN)• Metropolitan Network (MAN)• Personal Area Network (PAN)


Private Branch Exchange

PBXA telephone system in one location - connects one telephone to another to an outside telephone network. Can also connect PCs, fax, but at low phone- cable speeds

PBXA telephone system in one location - connects one telephone to another to an outside telephone network. Can also connect PCs, fax, but at low phone- cable speeds


Network Types – Local Area Network

Local Area NetworkSpans a relatively small area allowing all users to connect with each other to share information and peripheral devices (e.g., printers)

Local Area NetworkSpans a relatively small area allowing all users to connect with each other to share information and peripheral devices (e.g., printers)


Types of Networks – Wide Area Networks (WAN)

Wide Area Networks (WANs)Spans a relatively large area and connects two or more LANs using different kinds of hardware and transmission media

Wide Area Networks (WANs)Spans a relatively large area and connects two or more LANs using different kinds of hardware and transmission media

GlobalA WAN that spans multiple countries and may include the networks of several organizations (e.g. the Internet)

GlobalA WAN that spans multiple countries and may include the networks of several organizations (e.g. the Internet)

Value-added Network (VAN)A medium-speed, third-party-managed network. Shared by multiple customer organizations that lease lines rather than investing in dedicated network equipment

Value-added Network (VAN)A medium-speed, third-party-managed network. Shared by multiple customer organizations that lease lines rather than investing in dedicated network equipment

Appendix C-10

Information Systems Today (©2006 Prentice Hall)

Types of Networks – Wide Area Networks (WAN)

Enterprise Network & MAN

EnterpriseA WAN connecting the disparate networks of a single organization

EnterpriseA WAN connecting the disparate networks of a single organization

Metropolitan Area (MAN) A WAN network of limited geographic scope, typically in a city-wide area that combines both LAN and high-speed fiber-optic technologies

Metropolitan Area (MAN) A WAN network of limited geographic scope, typically in a city-wide area that combines both LAN and high-speed fiber-optic technologies

Appendix C-11


Types of Networks – Personal Area Network (PAN)

Personal Area NetworkAn emerging technology that uses wireless communication to exchange data between computing devices using short-range radio communication (Bluetooth), typically within an area of ten meters

BluetoothIs the enabling technology of the Personal Area Network

Appendix C-12


Networking Fundamentals – Servers and Clients

ServerAny computer on a network that makes access to files, printing, communication, and other services available to users on the network

ServerAny computer on a network that makes access to files, printing, communication, and other services available to users on the network

ClientAny computer, such as a workstation/PC on the network, or software application that uses services provided by the server. Only requests service - usually has only one user. (Fat vs. Thin)

ClientAny computer, such as a workstation/PC on the network, or software application that uses services provided by the server. Only requests service - usually has only one user. (Fat vs. Thin)

NetworkA network consists of three separate components: servers, clients and peers

NetworkA network consists of three separate components: servers, clients and peers

Appendix C-13


Networking Fundamentals – Peers

PeerA computer that may both request and provide services PeerA computer that may both request and provide services

Peer-to-Peer Networks (P2P)Enables any computer or device on the network to provide or request services with all peers having equivalent capabilities and responsibilities (e.g., Napster)

Peer-to-Peer Networks (P2P)Enables any computer or device on the network to provide or request services with all peers having equivalent capabilities and responsibilities (e.g., Napster)

Appendix C-14


Computer Networks

Wired Media•Twisted-pair Cable•Coaxial Cable•Optical Fiber

Wired Media•Twisted-pair Cable•Coaxial Cable•Optical Fiber

Telecommunications Media – Paths That Carry InformationTelecommunications Media – Paths That Carry Information

Wireless Media•Infrared•Microwave•Satellite

Wireless Media•Infrared•Microwave•Satellite

Appendix C-15


Computer Networks

Wired Media•Twisted-pair Cable

Wired Media•Twisted-pair Cable


Appendix C-16


Computer Networks

Wired Media•Coaxial Cable

Wired Media•Coaxial Cable


Appendix C-17


Computer Networks

Wired Media•Optical Fiber

Wired Media•Optical Fiber


Appendix C-18


Computer Networks


Wireless Media•Microwave

Wireless Media•Microwave

Appendix C-19


Computer Networks


Wireless Media•Satellite

Wireless Media•Satellite

Appendix C-20


Network Hardware and Software (Network Topologies)

Network TopologiesRefers to the shape of a network and comes in three types:

Network TopologiesRefers to the shape of a network and comes in three types:

Star NetworkConfigured in shape of a star with all nodes or workstations connected to a central hub through which all messages pass (polling)

Star NetworkConfigured in shape of a star with all nodes or workstations connected to a central hub through which all messages pass (polling)

Ring NetworkConfigured in the shape of a circle with each node connecting to the next node. Messages travel around the circle in one direction. Each node examines the message and uses it or regenerates it and passes it to the next node (token passing)

Ring NetworkConfigured in the shape of a circle with each node connecting to the next node. Messages travel around the circle in one direction. Each node examines the message and uses it or regenerates it and passes it to the next node (token passing)

Bus NetworkConfigured in the shape of an open-ended line with all nodes or workstations connected to the bus individually (contention)

Bus NetworkConfigured in the shape of an open-ended line with all nodes or workstations connected to the bus individually (contention)

Appendix C-21


Network Hardware and Software (Network Topologies)

Star Network

Ring Network

Bus Network

appendix c

Documents