Appendix A

Translated Questionnaire: Speech and Language

Pathology Education and Professional Life

S. Bridges et al. (eds.), Problem-Based Learning in Clinical Education,Innovation and Change in Professional Education 8, DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-2515-7,� Springer ScienceþBusiness Media B.V. 2012

233

234 Appendix A: Translated Questionnaire: Speech and Language Pathology. . .

Appendix A: Translated Questionnaire: Speech and Language Pathology. . . 235

236 Appendix A: Translated Questionnaire: Speech and Language Pathology. . .

Appendix A: Translated Questionnaire: Speech and Language Pathology. . . 237

Appendix B

Transcription Conventions

F FacilitatorSs Students. Certainty, completion (typically falling tone), Continuing intonation? Rising or questioning intonation!"#

Exclamatory utterance (emphatic intonation)Rising intonationFalling intonation

(1.2) Elapsed time by tenths of secondsa

(.) A brief interval (� a tenth of a second) between utterances[ The point of overlap onset] The point at which two overlapping utterances end((word)) Transcriber’s descriptions¼ No break or gap; latched talk:

WORD8word8

Prolongation of the immediately prior sound (more colons indicate greaterlength)

Especially loud sounds relative to the surrounding talkThe sounds are softer than the surrounding talk

(word) Parenthesized words are especially dubiousword Some form of stress, via pitch and/or amplitudeA-B-C-D Spelling out letters of a word

See Jefferson (2004) and Sacks et al. (1974)a Note: Chapter 7 displays this information in the form of time-stamps (e.g., 0:00:01.2)

References

Jefferson, G. (2004). Glossary of transcript symbols with an introduction. In G. H. Lerner(Ed.), Conversation analysis: Studies from the first generation (pp. 13–23). Philadelphia:John Benjamins.

Sacks, H., Schegloff, E., & Jefferson, G. (1974). Simplest systematics for organization of turn-taking for conversation. Language, 50(4), 696–735.

239

Author Index

AAbrandt Dahlgren, M., 50, 60Abu-Hijleh, M., 216Achten, H. H., 124Adam, R., 123Adams, L., 9Agostinho, S., 123Albanese, M., 211–212Albanese, M. A., 48–49, 55–56, 121Allinson, C., 83Al-Shboul, Q., 216Anderson, A., 83Anderson, J. R., 10Anderson, A. S., 142, 190, 200Anders, S., 207–219Armgard, B., 51Austin, D., 82Azer, S. A., 210

BBaca, E., 36, 42Baker, C., 100Baker, C. M., 85, 172Balasooriya, C. D., 66, 75, 77Barron, B. J. S., 4Barrows, H., 102Barrows, H. S., 3, 5, 7, 11–13, 36, 59, 61–62,

100, 108, 139, 154, 172, 189–190, 200, 207,217, 226, 230

Bartlett, B., 174, 229Bassok, M., 8Batalden, P., 49Baumann, Z., 225Bayne, S., 126Beagan, B. L., 147Beitzel, B., 13Bereiter, C., 8Bergdal, B., 48

Berkson, L., 49–50, 55Beylefeld, A. A., 123Biggs, J., 48, 56, 60, 64, 77, 81, 85, 225Bishop, D. M. V., 83Bizzocchi, J., 139–140Black, P. J., 99Blumberg, P., 153Blumenfeld, P. C., 4, 8Boekholt, L., 91Bollela, V. R., 208Bosse, H. M., 183Botelho, M. G., 99–118Boud, D., 48, 189Boyd, R., 123Boyzantis, R. E., 82Brandt, L., 104Bransford, J., 3–4Bransford, J. D., 10, 38, 217–218Braunack-Mayer, A., 189–204Braun, V., 128Bridges, S. M., 99–118, 158, 174, 225–231Brown, D., 218Brown, J. S., 6Brown, A. L., 10–11, 13, 172Brown, S., 31Bruner, J., 117Buchanan, P., 123Buss, D., 32Butler, R., 106

CCampbell, C. B., 218Candler, C., 140Castanheira, M. L., 103Chan, C., 171Chan, J. H., 31, 85, 109, 139–149Chan, J. K. S., 31Chan, L. C., 85, 207, 209

241

Chan, L. K., 139–148Chan, S., 171Chaput, M., 210Chau, A. C. M., 99–118Chau, J. P. C., 63Cheng, B. S. S., 158Cheng, S. S., 174Cheng, X., 184Chen, J. Y., 140Chernobilsky, E., 10, 13Chi, M. T. H., 3, 8, 141Chinn, C. A., 109Cho, H., 125, 132Christie, F., 157–158Cicognani, A., 124Clark, C. D., 102, 108Clarke, D., 183, 229Clarke, R. M., 189Cocking, R., 10Cocking, R. R., 218Cockrell, K., 199Coffield, F., 82–85, 91Cohen, E. G., 4, 172Coles, C., 140Collier, C. P., 217Collins, A., 6, 10–11Comfort, M. B., 102Conlee, M., 100, 154Conolly, C., 208Conradi, E., 140Cook, D., 140Cooke, P., 123Corbet, E. F., 101, 226Corbin, J., 63, 192Corbin, J. M., 158Costa, A. L., 134Craig, S., 122Crawford, K., 75Crawford, T., 103Crotty, M., 191Crowe, D. L., 44Crystal, D., 92Csikszentmihalyi, M., 126Cuff, D., 123

DDaCosta, M. C., 10Dahlgren, L. O., 50, 60Dale, P., 83, 93Dalrymple, K. R., 39Dammers, J., 139–140, 208Das, M., 216

Davidson, B., 125Davies, J., 59–77Davis, E. A., 10Davis, M. H., 139, 208–209, 226Dawson, E., 125, 207Dede, C., 122De Grave, W. S., 4, 61, 172, 200, 207De Leng, B. A., 146–147Dennison, P. J., 123Den Rooyen, C., 91Derry, S. J., 13Des Marchais, J. E., 210Deterding, R., 141DeVolder, M. L., 4Dewey, J., 48Dickinson, J., 85Diemers, A., 140Dillenbourg, P., 6, 172Distlehorst, L. H., 207Dixon, C. N., 100, 103–104Dodd, B., 74, 76, 85Dolmans, D., 172, 209, 217Dolmans, D. H. J. M., 48–50, 61, 146–147,

193–194, 205, 211, 214Downing, K., 102Dreyfus, H., 49Dreyfus, S., 49Duek, J., 190Duff, A., 73, 81, 83, 85, 94, 184Duffy, T., 81, 83, 85, 94Duffy, T. M., 59, 189Duncan, R. G., 108Dunn, E., 216Dunn, G., 228Duschl, R. A., 13Dwyer, F., 83Dyson, J. E., 101, 226

EEagle, C. J., 218Eberbach, C., 3–13Ebert, K. D., 55Ecclestone, K., 82Edelson, D. C., 10Eggins, S., 157–158, 163Ehrhard, B., 83Eisner, E. W., 27Ellis, R., 60, 74–75, 77, 225Engel, C. E., 36, 189Engestrom, Y., 11Epstein, R. M., 124, 133Ertmer, P. A., 4

242 Author Index

Eva, K. W., 24Evans, R. W., 123Evensen, D. H., 189, 200Everitt, B. S., 228Ezzy, D., 63, 191

FFacer, K., 125Faidley, J., 190, 201Farmer, E. A., 210Fasth, E., 51Feletti, G., 48Feletti, G. I., 189Feltovich, P., 3Feltovich, P. J., 7Field, M. J., 13, 35, 38Fincham, C., 36, 38Fincham, A. G., 36, 40–41Fisher, M. L., 85Fletcher, P., 92Flowerdew, J., 155, 171, 184Fok, P. K., 31Fourie, R., 84, 86–87Franks, J. J., 4Frederiksen, C. H., 153Freebody, P., 100, 103Frid, P. J., 217Fukuhara, T., 168Furnham, A., 85, 92–93Fyrenius, A., 48, 56

GGallagher, S. A., 3, 7Gamboa, T., 210Gao, S., 125, 129Garcıa-Aracil, A., 50Gardiner, C., 134Garman, M., 92Garrison, D. R., 101Gay, G., 125, 132Geertz, C., 22, 229Gijselaers, W., 209Gijselaers, W. H., 116, 209Gilkison, A., 208Ginns, P., 210Glaser, B., 192Glaser, R., 3, 8, 141Glenn, J., 100Glenn, P., 154Glenn, P. J., 100Goffman, E., 154

Golan, R., 10Goldman, S. R., 8, 172Goodyear, P., 60Gordon, J., 13Gordon, S., 75Grady-Weliky, T. A., 59–77, 124, 133Graesser, A., 122Grant, J., 28Grant, L., 125Gray, S. A., 125Grec, W., 208Green, J. L., 99–118Greeno, J. G., 6, 13Greiner, A. C., 49Guerra, M. R., 8Guerrera, C., 13Gumperz, J. J., 100

HHafler, J. P., 174Hak, T., 208Hall, E., 82Hall, G. B., 22Hamdy, H., 216Hannes, K., 43Harasym, P. H., 218Harden, R. M., 139, 208–209, 226Harendza, S., 207–219Harry, G. M., 215Hartley, J., 140Hawthorne, L., 154, 173, 183, 229Hayes, J., 83Hendrickson, W. D., 42Hendry, G. D., 190, 200Herrenkohl, L. R., 8Herrier, A., 125Herrington, J., 123Higgs, J., 189, 200Hillenburg, K. L., 101Hilton, S., 140Hitchcock, M. A., 190, 200Hitchcock, M., 219Hmelo, C. E., 3–13Hmelo-Silver, C. E., 59, 100, 102, 108, 141,

153–154, 172, 189, 200, 230Hoffmann, B., 139Hollier, N., 123Holson, B., 122Holton, D., 3Holton, E. F., 36Holyoak, K. J., 9Honey, P., 81–85, 87, 91–92

Author Index 243

Houlden, R. J., 190, 217Howe, E. L. C., 121–135Huang, G., 140Huang, M. H., 126Hubscher, R., 10Hughes, C., 66, 75Hundert, E. M., 218Hundhausen, C., 12Huwendiek, S., 183Hymes, D., 100

IImafuku, R., 153–168Ingraffea, A., 125Inman, D., 106Ip, M. S. M., 139–148

JJackson, C., 93, 171, 177, 184Jaques, D., 202Jefferson, G., 100, 174, 183Jewitt, C., 101Jin, J., 171–185Johnson, D. W., 202Johnson, G. K., 172Johnson, F. P., 202Jonassen, D., 141Jonassen, D. H., 116Jones, A., 171, 184Jon, S. L., 217Jung, B., 208

KKallick, B., 134Kamin, C. S., 141–142, 144, 146Kappe, F., 91, 93Kapur, M., 7Kassab, S., 216Katz, M. G., 123Kaufman, A., 36Kavia, S., 140Keim, R. G., 38Kelson, A. C., 7Kempler, T. M., 4Kennedy, K. J., 31Kenny, N. P., 147Khoo, H. E., 153Kindig, D. A., 123King, A., 8Kingsbury, M. P., 217

Kinkade, S., 207Kinnell, A., 59–77Kinzer, C. K., 7Kirschfink, M., 183Kitamura, T., 168Klein, B., 82Knebel, E., 49Knowles, M. S., 36, 38, 202Kohnert, K., 55Kolb, D. A., 81–85, 91, 94Kolodner, J. L., 3, 7, 9Koschmann, T., 154Koschmann, T. D., 7, 100Kozulin, A., 11–12Krajcik, J. S., 4, 8, 172Kress, G., 101, 116–117Kripalani, S., 123Kubota, R., 165, 171, 184Kuhnigk, O., 207–219Kurmann, D., 124Kvan, T., 124–125, 129Kyza, E. A., 10

LLajoie, S. P., 13Lambert, D. R., 124, 133Lam, J. C. M., 171Lampert, M., 6Lanphear, J. H., 216Lave, J., 11, 155Lavigne, N. C., 13Leach, D., 49Leary, H., 7Lee, J. S., 132, 184Lee, M. B., 215Legg, M., 153–154, 158, 172Lehmann, H. P., 13Leung, K. K., 215Levy, P., 126Lewis, M. W., 8Liamputtong, P., 63, 191Linn, M. C., 10Lin, X., 10, 12Liu, P., 171, 174Loftus, S., 189, 200Lue, B. H., 215Lu, J., 13, 139–148Lundeborg, I., 47–57Luo, Y., 102Lurie, S. J., 124, 133Lymn, J. S., 217

244 Author Index

MMachado, J. L. M., 208MacKinnon, M., 229MacNeil, R. L., 42Maguire, P., 208Maher, M. L., 124Mainemelis, C., 82Mandin, H., 218Mann, K., 59Marx, R. W., 8, 172Matsudaira, T., 168Matsui, K., 208Maudsley, G., 48, 56, 199, 218Mayer, R. E., 189–203McAllister, I., 47–57McCall, L., 82McClelland, M., 100, 103McDaniel, A. M., 85McDowell, L., 31McGlone, P., 43McGrath, C., 102, 158, 174, 225–231McIntosh, J., 36McNeal, G., 83McNeely, B., 122, 127McPherson, J., 36Medhurst, S., 85, 92–93Mennin, S. P., 36, 42Michael, J. A., 153Mierson, S., 25Miflin, B. M., 218Miller, T., 73, 93, 171, 184Minas, I. H., 154Mitchell, J.C., 104Mitchell, S., 48–49, 55–56Mok, C. K. F., 66, 74, 76Moore-West, M., 36Morita, N., 154–155, 184Moseley, D., 82Moust, J. C., 116Moust, J. H. C., 4, 207, 210, 217–218Mpofu, D., 216Mpofu, D. J. S., 190, 216Muijtjens, A. M. M., 146–147Mumford, A., 81–85, 87, 92Munsie, S. D., 13Myers, A. C., 7Mylona, Z., 219

NNagarajan, A., 13Nakane, I., 165, 174, 177, 183Naples, A., 141

Narayanan, N. H., 7Nastos, S., 27Nelsson, O., 51Nemoto, H., 155Neufeld, V. R., 26Neumann, L. M., 42Newby, T. J., 4Newmann, F., 127Newman, S. E., 6, 172Nielsen-Bohlman, L., 123Nikendei, C., 183Nofziger, A. C., 124, 133Norman, G. R., 26, 116, 207Novick, L. R., 9Nuthall, G., 100

OOblinger, D., 121–122Oblinger, J. L., 122O’Donnell, A. M., 8Oliver, R., 102O’Malley, K. J., 172, 211–212O’Sullivan, P. S., 141Ota, H., 168O’Toole, C., 81–94Owen, M., 125

PPainvin, C., 26Pakdamen, A., 123Palincsar, A. S., 8, 10, 59, 103Panzer, A. M., 123Patel, V. L., 4, 42Patil, N., 140Pea, R. D., 8, 12Perfetto, G. A., 3Perkins, D. N., 8Pesut, D. J., 85Peterson, C., 126, 132Philippe, J. R., 215Pickford, P., 24Pinto, P., 210Piterman, L., 82, 95Plomin, R., 83Pokorny, H., 24Poole, M. S., 201–202Poulton, T., 140Pretz, J., 141Price, D. A., 218Price, T., 83, 91, 93Prosser, M., 60, 73, 75, 77, 99

Author Index 245

Pross, H., 217Puntambekar, S., 9–10Putney, L. G., 103–105

QQuintana, C., 10

RRangachari, P. K., 21–33Rawnsley, K., 21Reeves, T., 123Regehr, G., 24, 218Reimann, P., 8Reiser, B. J., 10Remedios, L., 153–154, 167, 172–173, 183,

190, 229Rendas, A., 210Resnick, L., 6Reynolds, R., 140Richards, B. F., 36, 42Rich, S. K., 38Ritchie, D., 139Robbs, R. S., 207Roberts, J., 141Robertson, K., 159Rogoff, B., 10Rohlin, M., 59–77Rosenthal, H., 3Roth, W. M., 12Round, J., 140

SSacks, H., 100, 174Sage, S., 3, 5Salmon, G., 122, 202Salomon, G., 8Samaranayake, L. P., 102Sambell, K., 31Samuelsson, C., 47–57Saunders, N. A., 36Savery, J. R., 59, 189Sayers, S., 125Scardamalia, M., 8Schegloff, E., 100, 174Schell, R., 139–140Scherpbier, A. J. J.A., 47, 209Schmidt, H. G., 4, 6–7, 9, 13, 38, 42, 47–50,

55, 59–60, 62, 73, 116, 172, 189–190, 193,201, 207–208, 210, 216–217, 226

Schmitt, G., 64, 124

Schnabel, M. A., 121–135Schoenfeld, A. H., 4Schon, D. A., 24Schweingruber, H. A., 13Segouin, C., 208Seligman, M., 126, 132Seneque, M., 208Senior, B., 83Shaywitz, B. A., 83Shaywitz, S. E., 83Shields, H. M., 210Shouse, A. W., 13Shuler, C. F., 35–44Silen, C., 48Simoff, S. J., 124Singh, B., 154Skelin, S., 183, 210Skinner, V., 59–77Slade, D., 157–158, 163Smith, D., 73, 100Soloway, E., 8, 172Spaziani, R., 21–33Spencer, J., 139–140, 208Spitzer, K., 125Spreckelsen, C., 125Stefanone, M., 132Steinert, Y., 210Stephen, E., 178, 215Stepien, W. J., 3Sternberg, R., 141Stewart, T., 49, 56, 216Stokes, S. F., 229Strauss, A., 63, 192Strauss, A. L., 158Struwig, M. C., 126Sugarman, L., 84Sullins, J., 122Surowiecki, J., 126Suthers, D., 12Svensater, G., 59–77Swailes, S., 83Swanson, R. A., 36Swing, S., 49

TTakai, J., 168Talbot, M., 28Tamblyn, R., 139Tamblyn, R. M., 36, 189–190, 200, 217Tang, A. C., 171, 184Thomas, M., 139–140, 208Till, J., 123

246 Author Index

Tipping, J., 189–190, 199Toohey, S., 66, 75Torp, L., 3, 5Toulouse, K., 21–33Townsend, G., 59–77, 102, 175Triola, M., 140Tryssenaar, J., 208Tsang, P. C. S., 101, 226

Vvan Berkel, H. J. M., 7, 208, 217van den Bussche, H., 210–211van den Hurk, M., 217van der Flier, H., 91van der Molen, H. T., 47, 207van der Vleuten, C. P. M., 47, 61, 146, 172,

207, 209, 217van de Wiel, M. W. J., 146–147Vaughan, N. D., 101Vermeulen, L., 47, 49, 207Vieira, J. E., 208Virtanen, P. J., 199Visschers-Pleijers, A., 49, 154, 172Vleuten, C. P. M., 47, 49, 61, 146–147, 172,

207, 209, 217Voss, J. F., 8Vye, N. J., 172Vygotsky, L. S., 10–11, 182

WWalker, A. E., 7Walker, I., 26Ward, J. P. T., 13Ward, K., 140

Wehlage, G., 127Weiss, B. D., 123Wenger, E., 4, 11, 155, 162, 168, 172Wertsch, J., 117Whelan, G., 26Whitehill, T. L., 74, 76, 85, 225–231Wikins, S., 208Wilkerson, L., 174, 190, 218Williams, S., 8, 172Willis, S. C., 199Winning, T., 59–77, 102, 175, 189–204Wiseman, J., 13Wittenbaum, G. M., 201–202Wolfhagen, I., 217Wolfhagen, I. H. A. P., 49, 61Woltering, V., 125Wood, D. F., 208, 218Woodward-Kron, R., 153–154, 172Woo, Y., 123Wuenschell, C., 39Wun, Y., 85

YYew, E. H. J., 13Yip, A. L. M., 139–148Yiu, C. K. Y., 158, 174Younger, M., 141Yu, W. M., 31, 171

ZZaharlick, A., 100Zimmerman, B., 4Zwanenberg, V., 83

Author Index 247

Subject Index

AActive learning, 48, 67, 86, 93, 127, 165,

184, 210Activist, 82, 85, 88–91, 93Actual clinical experiences, 84Asian higher education, 153Asian students, 171, 177, 184Assessment and evaluation, 35Audit, 211–214

BBasic science, 9, 35–44, 49, 55, 228Biopharm program, 22–23, 26, 28–29, 32Blended learning, 100–101, 100, 123,

125–126, 226

CCaries management, 121Classroom interaction, 100, 115, 175Climate, 189, 191–194, 196, 203, 225–226Clinical communication, 101, 116Clinical education, 13, 83–84, 92, 94, 99–100,

108, 118, 190, 203, 225–226, 229Clinical reasoning, 140Clinical training, 22–23Collaborative knowledge construction, 13,

154Collaborative learning, 8, 47, 75, 153, 178,

189, 201, 210Communication, 13, 23, 30–32, 49–50, 55,

67–68, 87, 101, 103, 113, 116, 121,123–130, 134–135, 139, 154, 159, 161,164–166, 168, 173, 175, 183–185, 203

Community dentistry, 121, 127Competencies, 47–57, 87, 153, 207,

227–228Constructivism, 48, 59, 116–117

Conversational approach, 22Critical thinking, 33, 37, 42, 51, 53–54, 56,

67, 69, 141–142, 144, 147–148, 153Curricular design, 37, 60, 73–76Curriculum reform, 226

DDental education, 38–39, 41, 44, 102Dentistry, 36, 38, 42–43, 61–62, 68–69, 99,

101–103, 111, 121, 123–125, 127–135,175–177, 191, 226

Discourse analysis, 100, 104, 153–168,173, 229

EEducational research direction, 100, 104, 226Educational technologies, 116, 226–227E-learning, 122, 128Engagement, 4, 11, 38, 59, 73, 102, 104, 108,

124–125, 127, 133–135, 182–185, 195,199–200, 203, 209, 211

English medium of instruction, 154

FFaculty development, 207, 211, 217–218First-year dental education, 63, 77, 175, 185,

203, 229First-year dentistry, 121First-year students, 59–77

GGeneric skills, 153, 168, 229Group dynamics, 105, 178, 184–185,

189–204, 215–217, 219, 229–230Group relationship, 196, 198–200, 203

249

HHealth professions education, 59,

190, 203Higher education, 47, 73, 94, 100–101, 153,

171, 184, 225–227, 230–231Hybrid curriculum, 21, 29, 207–219

IIndividual learning, 13, 23–25, 85,

89, 177Information exchange, 122–123,

125–126Information processing theory, 9–10, 13Interaction, 6–7, 24, 47, 50, 56, 65, 71, 75–76,

84, 89, 99–118, 122–123, 125–133, 140,147, 155, 171–178, 181, 183–185,190–192, 196, 199, 202, 229

Interactional ethnography, 99–118Interactional learning, 56Interactivity, 50, 122–123, 125, 128, 132Interprofessional collaboration, 121–135

KKnowledge construction, 6, 8, 12–13, 104,

106, 115–116, 118, 122–123, 126–130,154, 159, 178, 184–185, 225

LLearning communities, 123, 126, 134, 225Learning cycle, 82–85, 94, 101Learning experiences, 6, 22, 31, 33, 81, 84,

101, 104, 106, 118, 122, 124, 126, 128,130–134, 154, 158, 165, 168, 191, 208, 212,219, 225–227, 231

Learning outcomes, 35–44, 47, 50, 60–61,76–77, 86, 101, 118, 125, 133, 135,153, 157, 208–210, 215–216, 218–219,226–231

Learning and outcomes, 59–77Learning styles, 28, 32, 36, 81–94, 122, 142,

144, 154, 228Life-long learning, 67

MMedical education, 28, 42, 48–50, 100, 103,

153, 207Multimodality, 99–118Multimodal texts, 101, 104, 106–101, 111,

115–116, 118

NNational board dental examination

(NBDE), 35, 228Net generation, 101, 121, 226Next generation, 99–100, 225–231

OOnline learning, 99, 101, 106, 111–112, 118,

122, 124, 229Oral health, 112, 121, 123–124, 129Outcomes assessment, 35

PPaper triggers, 139–140, 142–148Pathology, 39, 47–57, 76, 226, 228Pbl tutorials, 4, 12–13, 86, 104–105, 108, 117,

122, 154, 157–158, 161, 167, 171–178, 180,182–185, 207–219, 226, 229

Pedagogical approach, 48, 184Peers relation, 24, 96, 106, 117, 124, 126Perception of pbl, 219Pharmacology, 7, 21–22, 25, 27–28, 32, 226Pragmatist, 82, 85, 88–90, 92Prior learning experience, 154, 158, 165, 168Problem-based learning (PBL), 3–13, 21, 25,

36, 47–48, 68, 81–94, 99–118, 121–135,139–142, 152, 171–185, 189–204, 207, 225

Problem identification skills, 141Professional courses, 21Professional identity, 51Public health education, 123

RReflector, 82, 85, 88–93

SScaffolding, 10–11, 101, 104, 122–125,

128–132, 179Self-assessment, 23–24, 33Self-directed learning, 3–6, 8–10, 12–13, 21,

32, 33, 48–50, 56–57, 62, 76, 81, 101–102,104–105, 110–114, 121, 128, 130, 135, 156,177, 207, 210, 226

Self-reflection, 7Semiosis, 116–117Silence, 81, 108, 110, 114, 164–165,

171–185, 229Small group collaboration, 153, 172Social constructionist theory, 191

250 Subject Index

Social constructivism, 48Social constructivist, 9–13, 100, 103,

116, 225Social constructivist theories, 9–10, 13,

103, 225Social interaction, 6, 84, 122–123, 126–128,

131, 196Social networking, 121–135, 230Sociocultural theory, 118Specific and general competencies, 50, 55,

228Speech and language pathology education

(slp), 47–57Student-managed, 161Students approach to learning, (SAL), 60Students’ perception of curricular intention

and design, 74–76Support learning, 13, 116, 118

TTeacher-directed, 225Teaching methods, 81, 83Teamwork, 47, 51, 124–126, 161, 189Technologies, 101, 103, 116, 122, 125, 131,

226–227, 230Theoretical foundation, 9, 13, 189Theorist, 82, 84–85, 88–92, 101, 173, 204, 225Thick description, 22, 229Traditional curricula, 39, 41, 43, 228Tutor experiences, 173, 218Tutor performance, 208Tutor responsibilities, 208Tutor trainings, 210, 212, 219, 230

VVideo triggers, 139–148, 230

Subject Index 251