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Soils Analyses
APPENDIX 4
Umwelt (Australia) Pty Ltd Proposed Lynwood Quarry Marulan Report on Soil Survey 0689-1D 11 May 2005
ASSET GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING PTY LTD
ABN 24 093 381 107
PO Box 3385 15 Sandlewood Close Rouse Hill NSW 2155
Ph: 02 9836 2144 Fax: 02 9836 0225
ASSET GEOTECHNICAL geotechnical engineering consultants
Asset Geotechnical Engineering Pty Ltd ABN 24 093 381 107 PO Box 3385 15 Sandlewood Close ROUSE HILL NSW 2155 Ph 02 9836 2144 Fax 02 9836 0225 [email protected]
ASSET GEOTECHNICAL geotechnical engineering consultants
0689-1D 11 May 2005 Umwelt (Australia) Pty Ltd PO Box 838 TORONTO NSW 2283 Attention: Mr John Merrell Dear Sir, PROPOSED LYNWOOD QUARRY, MARULAN REPORT ON SOIL SURVEY
We are pleased to present our report on a soil survey carried out for the above project.
This report documents field and laboratory investigations and provides discussion and recommendations for
land capability with respect to existing site conditions and with respect to rehabilitation of areas after
quarrying.
Please contact us if you have any questions regarding this report or if you require further assistance.
For and on behalf of Asset Geotechnical Engineering Pty Ltd Mark Bartel BE MEngSc MIEAust CPEng Principal Geotechnical Engineer
0689-1D i 11 May 2005
ASSET GEOTECHNICAL
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 2
2.0 SCOPE OF WORK .................................................................................................................. 2
3.0 PROJECT AREA DESCRIPTION & REGIONAL GEOLOGY .................................................. 3
4.0 SOIL LANDSCAPES ............................................................................................................... 3
5.0 SUBSURFACE PROFILE FROM TEST PITTING.................................................................... 4
6.0 LABORATORY TEST RESULTS ............................................................................................. 5
7.0 REHABILITATION................................................................................................................... 6 INFORMATION SHEETS APPENDICES
A Field Investigation Results B Laboratory Test Results
FIGURES
1 Site Locality 2 Test Locations and Soil Landscape
0689-1D 2 11 May 2005
ASSET GEOTECHNICAL
1.0 INTRODUCTION
This report presents the results of a soil survey for the proposed Lynwood hard rock quarry near Marulan. The
investigation was commissioned by Mr John Merrell of Umwelt (Australia) Pty Ltd. The work was carried out in
accordance with a proposal by Asset Geotechnical Engineering Pty Ltd dated 7 July 2004, reference P0673.
The objective of the survey is to provide information on the surface and subsurface soil conditions as part of
an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for the proposed quarry. Specifically, the report describes the
properties of the soils present in the project area and outlines measures required to achieve a suitable
rehabilitation outcome.
This report should be read in conjunction with the attached Information Sheets.
2.0 SCOPE OF WORK
The scope of work for the soil survey comprised:
• A review of existing regional maps and reports relevant to the project area, held within our files.
• Review of Soil Landscape Maps prepared by the Department of Infrastructure, Planning and Natural
Resources (DIPNR).
• Visual observations of surface features.
• Logging of 22 test pits (TP1 to TP22), to sample and assess the nature and consistency of soils at
accessible areas of the project area.
• Carrying out laboratory tests on the recovered soil samples to provide data on chemical and physical
properties.
• Engineering assessment and reporting.
The test pits were excavated on 3rd and 4th November 2004 using a rubber-tyred backhoe. The test locations
are shown on the attached Figure 2.
The test pits were excavated to depths ranging from 0.35 metres to 1.3 metres depth and were terminated in
weathered bedrock. On completion of logging and sampling, each test pit was backfilled with the excavation
spoil and lightly tamped using the backhoe bucket before rolling with the backhoe tyre. Remaining spoil was
left and trimmed neatly flush or slightly mounded to the adjacent ground surface.
The test pit locations were set out by our engineer and were located by hand-held GPS measurements. The
subsurface conditions encountered were recorded during the progress of the excavations. Soil samples
were retained for laboratory testing. Surface levels at the test locations were not determined.
0689-1D 3 11 May 2005
ASSET GEOTECHNICAL
Engineering logs are provided in Appendix A to this report. The results of the laboratory testing are
summarised in Section 5 and are provided in Appendix B.
3.0 PROJECT AREA DESCRIPTION & REGIONAL GEOLOGY
The project area is located approximately 3km west of Marulan as shown in the attached Figure 1. The
project area occupies approximately 1000 hectares adjacent to the Hume Highway, and is dissected by the
Main Southern Railway.
The regional topography includes gently undulating plains, undulating rises, and rolling low hills to steep hills.
The overall relief is about 80m, from about RL 710m AHD to about RL 630m AHD. The terrain is incised by
numerous open depressions and watercourses that generally flow towards Joarimin Creek near the centre of
the project area, Marulan Creek in the south, or Lakyersleigh Creek in the northwest. The Main Southern
Railway cuts through the project area near the centre running in a roughly westerly direction before crossing
Joarimin Creek and heading northwest.
Vegetation includes open forest and woodland that has been cleared over much of the lower areas. Current
land use comprises predominantly open grazing.
The 1:250,000 Goulburn Geological Map indicates the project area is underlain predominantly by Bindook
Porphyry (quartz feldspar porphyry, dacite, felsite, and tuff) with the southeastern corner underlain by Marulan
Granite (granite and granodiorite).
Numerous rocky outcrops and rock covered areas were observed over the elevated hilly parts of the project
area.
4.0 SOIL LANDSCAPES
The DIPNR soil landscape mapping identifies four landscape units within the project area. The units are
summarised below.
Bindook Road
Undulating low hills on Devonian Bindook Porphyry. This unit is identified by the sub-angular porphyry
rock outcrop on upper slopes and crests.
Bindook Road variant A
This variant features steeper hills and stony ridgelines with more rock outcrop than the Bindook Road
landscape.
0689-1D 4 11 May 2005
ASSET GEOTECHNICAL
Jaqua
This unit is characterised by long foot-slopes and undulating low rises on Devonian Granite and
Permian sediments.
Marulan
Comprising gently undulating rises to undulating low hills formed on Devonian Granite. Distinct surface
expression of outcropping well rounded spheroidal Granite tors is common.
The soil landscape boundaries have been transposed from the SCA maps onto the Towrang 1:25,000
Topographic Map as shown in the attached Figure 2.
5.0 SUBSURFACE PROFILE FROM TEST PITTING
The generalised subsurface profile as per the test pitting is summarised below:
Layer Description Depth to Base (m)
Topsoil SILT / Sandy SILT / Silty SAND, low plasticity fines, fine to medium sand 0.05 / 0.20
Slopewash Clayey SAND / Sandy SILT / Gravelly SILT, fine to medium grained, low plasticity fines
0.15 / 0.4
Residual SAND / Clayey SAND, fine to medium grained 0.4 / 1.15
Residual CLAY / Sandy CLAY, medium plasticity 0.4 / 1.0
Bedrock PORPHYRY or GRANITE, medium to coarse grained – –
0689-1D 5 11 May 2005
ASSET GEOTECHNICAL
6.0 LABORATORY TEST RESULTS
Results from the laboratory testing undertaken on selected soil samples are included in Appendix B and are
summarised in Table 1 below.
0689-1D 6 11 May 2005
ASSET GEOTECHNICAL
The laboratory testing indicates that the soils are not dispersive by nature, are assessed to be slightly to
moderately acidic and non-saline to slightly saline. The soils generally have a low Cation Exchange Capacity
(CEC), which will limit the soil’s ability to retain nutrients. The soil phosphorous levels are generally sufficient
for grazing / open pasture use. However, the potassium and sulphur levels are relatively low and should be
improved during rehabilitation to facilitate plant growth should it be desired to establish permanent pasture.
7.0 REHABILITATION
Topsoil from areas to be quarried should be stripped and stockpiled separately from lower subsoils. During
rehabilitation after quarrying, the topsoil should be spread and amended as follows, based on the proposed
land use:
Areas to be used for Native Vegetation (i.e. not grazing or cultivation)
• No amendment is considered necessary.
Areas to be used for Permanent Grazing Land:
• Increase pH to a target value of between 6 and 8.5. To raise the pH by 1, lime should be spread at the
rate of 2500 kg/ha and thoroughly mixed to 100mm depth.
• Potassium should be raised to a target minimum value of 125 mg/kg. A dosage rate of 200 kg/ha is
recommended for initial treatment.
• Organic materials (e.g. manure), ammonium sulphur, or gypsum should be added to improve sulphur
levels. A dosage rate of 10 to 20 kg of sulphur per hectare should be applied.
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rmfi
kmfrstpb)Zmlafsfml)serm aescriptionPry( Xoo–s(rnu(wvv“s(ury7(Ooyvszvv(rnu(tv”vntvu(soz“s(rrv(yrru5(wrzrs“v(or(
powuvry7(fntv”vntvu(xrrnu“rr(soz“s(run(wrvv“y(tyrouxy(tyv(yrnu7Zozst Rvv“s(too“(rnu(urr–vnvu(zn(to“our7(Ooyvszvv(soz“s(trn(sv(”ou“uvu7(
Srrnu“rr(soz“s(tvnu(to(toyvrv7hvt Ms(wor(”ozst5(sut(wzty(wrvv(wrtvr(wor”znx(on(yrnus(wyvn(yrnu“vu7(Zozsturv(tontvnt(ow(toyvszvv(soz“s(”ry(r“so(sv(uvstrzsvu(zn(rv“rtzon(to(p“rstzt(“z”zt(1ha2(or(“zquzu(“z”zt(1hX2(lII(”uty(xrvrtvr(tyrn5(I(xrvrtvr(tyrn5(G(“vss(tyrn5(GG(”uty(“vss(tyrnn7
ZmlrfrsblZy)mc)Zmebrfub)rmfirserm ru)6kna7) ) ) serm) ) ru)6kna7gvry(sowt(( ( G(:;( ( ( ( gvry(dtzww(( :99(�(;99(dowt(( ( ( :;(�(;>( ( ( ( Trru( ( I(;99(Rzr”(( ( ( ;>(�(>9( ( ( ( Rrzrs“v( ( (�((dtzww(( ( ( >9(�(:99(
ablrfsy)mc)dpXltiXp)rmfir)serm aensity)fndex627)) serm) ) aensity)fndex)627gvry(Xoosv G(:>( ( ( ( Pvnsv( ( A>(�(C>Xoosv :>(�(<>( ( ( ( gvry(Pvnsv( IC>Zvuzu”(Pvnsv <>(�(A>
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rmfi)Zbkblsfldhvr–“y(( ( ( Qrsz“y(sro–vn(up(sy(yrnu7Zouvrrtv“y( Qwwort(zs(rvquzrvu(to(srvr–(up(tyv(soz“(sy(yrnu7(
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no(wznvs7SZ dz“ty(xrrvv“s5(xrrvv“6srnu6sz“t(”zxturvs7SO O“ryvy(xrrvv“s5(xrrvv“6srnu6t“ry(”zxturvs7dh hv““(xrruvu(srnus(rnu(xrrvv““y(srnus5(“ztt“v(or(no(wznvs7da aoor“y(xrruvu(srnus(rnu(xrrvv““y(srnus5(“ztt“v(or(no(
wznvs7dZ dz“ty(srnu5(srnu6sz“t(”zxturvs7dO O“ryvy(srnu5(srnu6t“ry(”zxturvs7ZX Unorxrnzt(sz“ts(ow(“ow(p“rstztzty5(vvry(wznv(srnus5(rot–(
w“our5(sz“ty(or(t“ryvy(wznv(srnus7OX Unorxrnzt(t“rys(ow(“ow(to(”vuzu”(p“rstztzty5(xrrvv““y(
t“rys5(srnuy(t“rys5(sz“ty(t“rys7]X ]rxrnzt(sz“ts(rnu(orxrnzt(sz“ty(t“rys(ow(“ow(p“rstztzty7ZT Unorxrnzt(sz“ts(ow(yzxy(p“rstztzty7OT Unorxrnzt(t“rys(ow(yzxy(p“rstztzty7]T ]rxrnzt(t“rys(ow(”vuzu”(to(yzxy(p“rstztzty7ae avrt(”ut–(rnu(otyvr(yzxy“y(orxrnzt(soz“s7
pmZh
rbafkblsXpy)pmZh)synb)abcflfsfmlr)pock)sype aefinition(1”orv(tyrn(>9.(ow(rot–(tonszsts(ow(?772Oonx“o”vrrtv 777(xrrvv“(szzvu(1I;””2(wrrx”vnts7drnustonv 777(srnu(szzvu(1979A(to(;””2(xrrzns7dz“tstonv 777(sz“t(szzvu(1G979A””2(prrtzt“vs5(rot–(zs(not(“r”znrtvu7O“rystonv 777(t“ry5(rot–(zs(not(“r”znrtvu7dyr“v 777(sz“t(or(t“ry(szzvu(prrtzt“vs5(rot–(zs(“r”znrtvu7(
iXybpfld)serm aescriptionZrsszvv [o(“ryvrznx(rpprrvnt7aoor“y(Pvvv“opvu Xryvrznx(…ust(vzszs“v7(Xztt“v(vwwvtt(on(propvrtzvs7hv““(Pvvv“opvu Xryvrznx(uzstzntt7(cot–(srvr–s(”orv(vrsz“y(prrr““v“(to(
“ryvrznx7(
rsptZstpb)serm rpacing)6mm7) serm) ) ) ) rpacingeyzn“y(“r”znrtvu GA( ( ( ( Zvuzu”(svuuvu ;99(�(A99Xr”znrtvu A(�(;9( ( ( eyzt–“y(svuuvu A99(�(;5999gvry(tyzn“y(svuuvu ;9(�(A9( ( ( gvry(tyzt–“y(svuuvu I(;5999(eyzn“y(svuuvu( A9(�(;99((
rspbldse)serm fsLF)6kna7) ) ) serm) ) ) fsLF)6kna7)Qxtrv”v“y(Xow G979<( ( ( ( Tzxy :79(�(<79gvry(“ow 979<(�(97:( ( ( gvry(Tzxy( ( <79(�(:979Xow 97:(�(97<(( ( ( Qxtrv”v“y(Tzxy I:979Zvuzu” 97<(�(:79( ( ( ( []eQE(Us>9(H(aoznt(Xoru(dtrvnxty(Unuvx(
vbXsebpfld)serm aescriptioncvszuur“(doz“ doz“(uvrzvvu(wro”(wvrtyvrznx(ow(rot–F(tyv(”rss(strutturv(
rnu(susstrntv(wrsrzt(rrv(no(“onxvr(vvzuvnt7Qxtrv”v“y(?77 cot–(zs(wvrtyvrvu(to(tyv(vxtvnt(tyrt(zt(yrs(soz“(propvrtzvs(
1vztyvr(uzszntvxrrtvs(or(trn(sv(rv”ou“uvu27(Rrsrzt(ow(orzxznr“(rot–(zs(stz““(vzszs“v7
Tzxy“y(?77 cot–(strvnxty(usur““y(yzxy“y(tyrnxvu(sy(wvrtyvrznxF(rot–(”ry(sv(yzxy“y(uzsto“ourvu7
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d“zxyt“y(?77 cot–(zs(s“zxyt“y(uzsto“ourvu(sut(syows(“ztt“v(or(no(tyrnxv(ow(strvnxty(wro”(wrvsy(rot–7
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abcbZs)abrZpfnsfml)sypeVoznt( M(surwrtv(or(trrt–(rtross(wyzty(tyv(rot–(yrs(“ztt“v(or(no(
tvnsz“v(strvnxty7(Zry(sv(opvn(or(t“osvu7arrtznx( M(surwrtv(or(trrt–(rtross(wyzty(tyv(rot–(yrs(“ztt“v(or(no(
tvnsz“v(strvnxty7(arrr““v“(or(sus6prrr““v“(to(“ryvrznx8svuuznx7(Zry(sv(opvn(or(t“osvu7
dyvrrvu(konv( konv(ow(rot–(susstrntv(wzty(rouxy“y(prrr““v“5(nvrr(p“r6nrr5(turvvu(or(unuu“rtznx(sounurrzvs(tut(sy(t“osv“y(sprtvu(…oznts5(syvrrvu(surwrtvs(or(otyvr(uvwvtts7
dvr”( dvr”(wzty(uvposztvu(soz“(1znwz““25(vxtrv”v“y(wvrtyvrvu(znsztu(rot–(1ih25(or(uzsorzvntvu(usur““y(rnxu“rr(wrrx”vnts(ow(tyv(yost(rot–(1trusyvu27(
rhape)a“rnrr( Oonszstvnt(orzvntrtzon7Ourvvu( Srruur“(tyrnxv(zn(orzvntrtzon7fnuu“rtznx( hrvy(surwrtv7dtvppvu( ]nv(or(”orv(wv““(uvwznvu(stvps7Urrvxu“rr( Zrny(syrrp(tyrnxvs(zn(orzvntrtzon7(
poughnessao“zsyvu( dyzny(s”ooty(surwrtv7(d“zt–vnszuvu( Sroovvu(or(strzrtvu(surwrtv5(usur““y(po“zsyvu7(d”ooty( d”ooty(to(touty7(Rvw(or(no(surwrtv(zrrvxu“rrztzvs7(couxy( Zrny(s”r““(surwrtv(zrrvxu“rrztzvs(1r”p“ztuuv(xvnvrr““y(
G:””27(Rvv“s(“z–v(wznv(to(torrsv(srnuprpvr7(gvry(couxy( Zrny(“rrxv(surwrtv(zrrvxu“rrztzvs5(r”p“ztuuv(xvnvrr““y(
I:””7(Rvv“s(“z–v(vvry(torrsv(srnuprpvr7
ZoatingO“vrn( [o(vzszs“v(tortznx(or(uzsto“ourznx7dtrznvu( [o(vzszs“v(tortznx(sut(surwrtvs(rrv(uzsto“ourvu7gvnvvr( M(vzszs“v(tortznx(ow(soz“(or(”znvrr“5(too(tyzn(to(”vrsurvF(
”ry(sv(prttyyOortznx( gzszs“v(tortznx( :””(tyzt–7(eyzt–vr(soz“(”rtvrzr“(uv6
strzsvu(rs(svr”7
0689-1D 11 May 2005
ASSET GEOTECHNICAL
APPENDIX A
Field Investigation Results
ML
SC
CL
CL
>>Wp
M-W
>Wp
F
MD
VSt
VSt-H
TOPSOIL
SLOPEWASH
RESIDUAL
BEDROCK
0.1
0.25
0.75
1
1.1
Sandy SILT, low plasticity, dark grey, grass roots
Gravelly Clayey SAND, medium to cause grained, finerounded gravel, light grey
Sandy CLAY, medium plasticity, fine to medium sand,mottled orange-brown and grey
Sandy CLAY, medium plasticity, medium to coarsesand, light grey
PORPHYRY, medium to coarse grained, grey, highlyweathered
TP01 terminated at 1.1m
D
D
D
kPa
1 of 1
PO Box 3385Rouse Hill NSW 2155
Ph: (02) 9836 2144Fax: (02) 9836 0225
structure andadditional observations
Excavation Log - Revision 9
Excavation Log
material information
material
soil type: plasticity or particle characteristics,colour, secondary and minor components.
excavation information
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
EX no:
sheet:
job no.:
TP01
0689-1
client:principal:project:location:equipment:dimensions:
started:finished:logged:checked:RL surface:datum:
Refer to Information Sheets for Terms and Symbols
3.11.20043.11.2004MABMAB
UMWELT (AUSTRALIA) PTY LTDREADYMIXPROPOSED HARD ROCK QUARRYMARULAN4WD BACKHOE0.45m wide by 2.0m long
ML
SM
CL
>>Wp
M
>Wp
F
MD
VSt
TOPSOIL
SLOPEWASH
RESIDUAL
BEDROCK
0.1
0.4
0.7
0.8
Sandy SILT, medium plasticity, grey, grass roots
Silty SAND, fine grained, light grey
Sandy CLAY, medium plasticity, grey withorange-brown mottle, medium sand
PORPHYRY, medium grained, grey, moderatelyweathered
TP02 terminated at 0.8m
D
D
D
kPa
1 of 1
PO Box 3385Rouse Hill NSW 2155
Ph: (02) 9836 2144Fax: (02) 9836 0225
structure andadditional observations
Excavation Log - Revision 9
Excavation Log
material information
material
soil type: plasticity or particle characteristics,colour, secondary and minor components.
excavation information
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
EX no:
sheet:
job no.:
TP02
0689-1
client:principal:project:location:equipment:dimensions:
started:finished:logged:checked:RL surface:datum:
Refer to Information Sheets for Terms and Symbols
3.11.20043.11.2004MABMAB
UMWELT (AUSTRALIA) PTY LTDREADYMIXPROPOSED HARD ROCK QUARRYMARULAN4WD BACKHOE0.45m wide by 2.0m long
ML
SC
CL
>Wp
M
>Wp
F
MD
VSt
TOPSOIL
SLOPEWASH
RESIDUAL
BEDROCK
0.1
0.35
0.9
0.95
Sandy SILT, low plasticity, dark grey, grass roots
Clayey SAND, fine to medium grained, light brown
Sandy CLAY, medium plasticity, mottled orange-brownand grey
PORPHYRY, medium grained, grey, moderatelyweatheredTP03 terminated at 0.95m
D
D
D
kPa
1 of 1
PO Box 3385Rouse Hill NSW 2155
Ph: (02) 9836 2144Fax: (02) 9836 0225
structure andadditional observations
Excavation Log - Revision 9
Excavation Log
material information
material
soil type: plasticity or particle characteristics,colour, secondary and minor components.
excavation information
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
EX no:
sheet:
job no.:
TP03
0689-1
client:principal:project:location:equipment:dimensions:
started:finished:logged:checked:RL surface:datum:
Refer to Information Sheets for Terms and Symbols
3.11.20043.11.2004MABMAB
UMWELT (AUSTRALIA) PTY LTDREADYMIXPROPOSED HARD ROCK QUARRYMARULAN4WD BACKHOE0.45m wide by 2.0m long
SM
SC
M L
MD
TOPSOIL
RESIDUAL
BEDROCK
0.1
0.4
0.9
1
Silty SAND, fine to medium grained, grey and darkgrey, some medium to coarse gravel
Clayey SAND, medium to coarse grained, light grey,medium plasticity fines, some medium to coarse gravel
PORPHYRY, medium to coarse grained, light brown,extremely weathered
PORPHYRY, medium to coarse grained, moderatelyweathered
TP04 terminated at 1m
D
D
kPa
1 of 1
PO Box 3385Rouse Hill NSW 2155
Ph: (02) 9836 2144Fax: (02) 9836 0225
structure andadditional observations
Excavation Log - Revision 9
Excavation Log
material information
material
soil type: plasticity or particle characteristics,colour, secondary and minor components.
excavation information
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
EX no:
sheet:
job no.:
TP04
0689-1
client:principal:project:location:equipment:dimensions:
started:finished:logged:checked:RL surface:datum:
Refer to Information Sheets for Terms and Symbols
3.11.20043.11.2004MABMAB
UMWELT (AUSTRALIA) PTY LTDREADYMIXPROPOSED HARD ROCK QUARRYMARULAN4WD BACKHOE0.45m wide by 2.0m long
ML
CL
D
<Wp
Fb
H
TOPSOIL
RESIDUAL
BEDROCK
0.2
0.8
1.05
1.1
Sandy SILT, low plasticity, light brown
Sandy CLAY, medium plasticity, orange-brown andgrey mottled, medium to coarse grained sand
PORPHYRY, medium to coarse grained, brown andgrey, extremely weathered
PORPHYRY, medium to coarse grained, dark brown,HW-MWTP05 terminated at 1.1m
D
D
kPa
1 of 1
PO Box 3385Rouse Hill NSW 2155
Ph: (02) 9836 2144Fax: (02) 9836 0225
structure andadditional observations
Excavation Log - Revision 9
Excavation Log
material information
material
soil type: plasticity or particle characteristics,colour, secondary and minor components.
excavation information
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
EX no:
sheet:
job no.:
TP05
0689-1
client:principal:project:location:equipment:dimensions:
started:finished:logged:checked:RL surface:datum:
Refer to Information Sheets for Terms and Symbols
3.11.20043.11.2004MABMAB
UMWELT (AUSTRALIA) PTY LTDREADYMIXPROPOSED HARD ROCK QUARRYMARULAN4WD BACKHOE0.45m wide by 2.0m long
ML
ML
=Wp St TOPSOIL
BEDROCK
0.05
0.15
0.35
SILT, low plasticity, dark grey, roots
SILT, low plasticity, grey
PORPHYRY, medium to coarse grained, grey andorange-brown, extremely to highly weathered
Refusal on PORPHYRY, moderately weatheredTP06 terminated at 0.35m
D
kPa
1 of 1
PO Box 3385Rouse Hill NSW 2155
Ph: (02) 9836 2144Fax: (02) 9836 0225
structure andadditional observations
Excavation Log - Revision 9
Excavation Log
material information
material
soil type: plasticity or particle characteristics,colour, secondary and minor components.
excavation information
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
EX no:
sheet:
job no.:
TP06
0689-1
client:principal:project:location:equipment:dimensions:
started:finished:logged:checked:RL surface:datum:
Refer to Information Sheets for Terms and Symbols
3.11.20043.11.2004MABMAB
UMWELT (AUSTRALIA) PTY LTDREADYMIXPROPOSED HARD ROCK QUARRYMARULAN4WD BACKHOE0.45m wide by 2.0m long
ML
CL
>Wp F
VSt
TOPSOIL
RESIDUAL
BEDROCK
0.05
0.4
0.55
Sandy SILT, low plasticity, dark grey, grass roots
Sandy CLAY, medium plasticity, light brown withorange-brown mottle, fine to medium sand
PORPHYRY, medium to coarse grained, light brown,extremely to highly weathered
Refusal on PORPHYRY, medium to coarse grained,brown, highly to moderately weatheredTP07 terminated at 0.55m
D
D
kPa
1 of 1
PO Box 3385Rouse Hill NSW 2155
Ph: (02) 9836 2144Fax: (02) 9836 0225
structure andadditional observations
Excavation Log - Revision 9
Excavation Log
material information
material
soil type: plasticity or particle characteristics,colour, secondary and minor components.
excavation information
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
EX no:
sheet:
job no.:
TP07
0689-1
client:principal:project:location:equipment:dimensions:
started:finished:logged:checked:RL surface:datum:
Refer to Information Sheets for Terms and Symbols
3.11.20043.11.2004MABMAB
UMWELT (AUSTRALIA) PTY LTDREADYMIXPROPOSED HARD ROCK QUARRYMARULAN4WD BACKHOE0.45m wide by 2.0m long
SM
SP
SC
M L
MD
TOPSOIL
RESIDUAL
BEDROCK
0.1
0.8
1.15
1.25
Silty SAND, fine to medium grained, dark grey,grassroots
SAND, fine to medium grained, orange-brown
Clay SAND, fine to medium grained, mottledorange-brown and light brown
PORPHYRY, medium to coarse grained, mottled lightgrey and orange-brown, highly weathered
TP08 terminated at 1.25m
D
D
kPa
1 of 1
PO Box 3385Rouse Hill NSW 2155
Ph: (02) 9836 2144Fax: (02) 9836 0225
structure andadditional observations
Excavation Log - Revision 9
Excavation Log
material information
material
soil type: plasticity or particle characteristics,colour, secondary and minor components.
excavation information
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
EX no:
sheet:
job no.:
TP08
0689-1
client:principal:project:location:equipment:dimensions:
started:finished:logged:checked:RL surface:datum:
Refer to Information Sheets for Terms and Symbols
3.11.20043.11.2004MABMAB
UMWELT (AUSTRALIA) PTY LTDREADYMIXPROPOSED HARD ROCK QUARRYMARULAN4WD BACKHOE0.45m wide by 2.0m long
ML
SM
CL
>Wp
M
>Wp
F
MD
VSt
TOPSOIL
SLOPEWASH
RESIDUAL
BEDROCK
0.1
0.3
0.75
0.8
SILT, low plasticity, dark grey, grass roots
Silty SAND, fine grained, light grey
Sandy CLAY, medium plasticity, mottled light brownand orange-brown, fine to medium sand
GRANITE, medium to coarse grained, brown andorange-brown mottle, extremely weatheredNear refusal on GRANITE, highly to moderatelyweatheredTP09 terminated at 0.8m
D
D
D
kPa
1 of 1
PO Box 3385Rouse Hill NSW 2155
Ph: (02) 9836 2144Fax: (02) 9836 0225
structure andadditional observations
Excavation Log - Revision 9
Excavation Log
material information
material
soil type: plasticity or particle characteristics,colour, secondary and minor components.
excavation information
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
EX no:
sheet:
job no.:
TP09
0689-1
client:principal:project:location:equipment:dimensions:
started:finished:logged:checked:RL surface:datum:
Refer to Information Sheets for Terms and Symbols
3.11.20043.11.2004MABMAB
UMWELT (AUSTRALIA) PTY LTDREADYMIXPROPOSED HARD ROCK QUARRYMARULAN4WD BACKHOE0.45m wide by 2.0m long
ML
ML
CL
=Wp
<Wp
St
VSt
TOPSOIL
SLOPEWASH
RESIDUAL
BEDROCK
0.05
0.15
0.6
0.8
SILT, low plasticity, dark grey, grass roots
Sandy SILT, low plasticity, grey
Sandy CLAY
PORPHYRY, medium to coarse grained, mottled lightgrey and brown, XW-HW
Near refusal on HW-MW PORPHYRYTP10 terminated at 0.8m
D
D
D
kPa
1 of 1
PO Box 3385Rouse Hill NSW 2155
Ph: (02) 9836 2144Fax: (02) 9836 0225
structure andadditional observations
Excavation Log - Revision 9
Excavation Log
material information
material
soil type: plasticity or particle characteristics,colour, secondary and minor components.
excavation information
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
EX no:
sheet:
job no.:
TP10
0689-1
client:principal:project:location:equipment:dimensions:
started:finished:logged:checked:RL surface:datum:
Refer to Information Sheets for Terms and Symbols
3.11.20043.11.2004MABMAB
UMWELT (AUSTRALIA) PTY LTDREADYMIXPROPOSED HARD ROCK QUARRYMARULAN4WD BACKHOE0.45m wide by 2.0m long
ML
SM
CL
=Wp
M
>Wp
St
MD
St-VSt
TOPSOIL
SLOPEWASH
RESIDUAL
BEDROCK
0.15
0.35
0.9
1
Sandy SILT, low plasticity, dark grey to brown, grassroots
Silty Gravelly SAND, fine to coarse sand, fine gravel,light grey
Sandy CLAY, medium plasticity, mottled grey andorange-brown
GRANITE, medium to coarse grained, mottled light greyand orange-brown, XW
Near refusal on GRANITE, medium to coarse grained,HW-MWTP11 terminated at 1m
D
D
D
kPa
1 of 1
PO Box 3385Rouse Hill NSW 2155
Ph: (02) 9836 2144Fax: (02) 9836 0225
structure andadditional observations
Excavation Log - Revision 9
Excavation Log
material information
material
soil type: plasticity or particle characteristics,colour, secondary and minor components.
excavation information
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
EX no:
sheet:
job no.:
TP11
0689-1
client:principal:project:location:equipment:dimensions:
started:finished:logged:checked:RL surface:datum:
Refer to Information Sheets for Terms and Symbols
3.11.20043.11.2004MABMAB
UMWELT (AUSTRALIA) PTY LTDREADYMIXPROPOSED HARD ROCK QUARRYMARULAN4WD BACKHOE0.45m wide by 2.0m long
ML
ML
CL
>Wp F
St
VSt
TOPSOIL
RESIDUAL
BEDROCK
0.1
0.25
0.9
0.95
Sandy SILT, low plasticity, dark grey to grey, grassroots
Gravelly SILT, low plasticity, light grey/brown, finegravel
Sandy CLAY, medium plasticity, mottled brown andgrey, fine to coarse sand
GRANITE, medium to coarse grained, grey and brown,XWTP12 terminated at 0.95m
D
D
D
kPa
1 of 1
PO Box 3385Rouse Hill NSW 2155
Ph: (02) 9836 2144Fax: (02) 9836 0225
structure andadditional observations
Excavation Log - Revision 9
Excavation Log
material information
material
soil type: plasticity or particle characteristics,colour, secondary and minor components.
excavation information
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
EX no:
sheet:
job no.:
TP12
0689-1
client:principal:project:location:equipment:dimensions:
started:finished:logged:checked:RL surface:datum:
Refer to Information Sheets for Terms and Symbols
3.11.20043.11.2004MABMAB
UMWELT (AUSTRALIA) PTY LTDREADYMIXPROPOSED HARD ROCK QUARRYMARULAN4WD BACKHOE0.45m wide by 2.0m long
ML
ML
CL
>Wp
D
<Wp
F
Fb
H
TOPSOIL
RESIDUAL
BEDROCK
0.1
0.25
0.6
0.85
SILT, low plasticity, dark brown, grass roots
Sandy SILT, low plasticity, light brown
Sandy CLAY, medium plasticity, mottled orange-brown,brown and grey
PORPHYRY, medium to coarse grained, modelledbrown, orange-brown and white, XW
Near refusal on PORPHYRY, medium to coarsegrained, brown and grey, MWTP13 terminated at 0.85m
D
D
D
kPa
1 of 1
PO Box 3385Rouse Hill NSW 2155
Ph: (02) 9836 2144Fax: (02) 9836 0225
structure andadditional observations
Excavation Log - Revision 9
Excavation Log
material information
material
soil type: plasticity or particle characteristics,colour, secondary and minor components.
excavation information
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
EX no:
sheet:
job no.:
TP13
0689-1
client:principal:project:location:equipment:dimensions:
started:finished:logged:checked:RL surface:datum:
Refer to Information Sheets for Terms and Symbols
3.11.20043.11.2004MABMAB
UMWELT (AUSTRALIA) PTY LTDREADYMIXPROPOSED HARD ROCK QUARRYMARULAN4WD BACKHOE0.45m wide by 2.0m long
GROUND, medium to coarse grained, grey, XW
TP14 terminated at 0.95m
D
D
D
SM
SM
CL
D
<=Wp
MD
MD
H
TOPSOIL
RESIDUAL
BEDROCK
0.1
0.25
0.85
0.95
Silty SAND, fine to medium grained, dark brown, grassroots
Gravelly Silty SAND, fine to medium grained, finegravel, light brown with orange-brown mottle
Sandy CLAY, medium plasticity, light brown withorange-brown mottle, fine to coarse sand
kPa
1 of 1
PO Box 3385Rouse Hill NSW 2155
Ph: (02) 9836 2144Fax: (02) 9836 0225
structure andadditional observations
Excavation Log - Revision 9
Excavation Log
material information
material
soil type: plasticity or particle characteristics,colour, secondary and minor components.
excavation information
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
EX no:
sheet:
job no.:
TP14
0689-1
client:principal:project:location:equipment:dimensions:
started:finished:logged:checked:RL surface:datum:
Refer to Information Sheets for Terms and Symbols
4.12.20044.12.2004MABMAB
UMWELT (AUSTRALIA) PTY LTDREADYMIXPROPOSED HARD ROCK QUARRYMARULAN4WD BACKHOE0.45m wide by 2.0m long
ML
ML
CL
<Wp
>Wp
F
St
VSt
TOPSOIL
RESIDUAL
BEDROCK
0.15
0.45
0.95
1.15
SILT, low plasticity, dark to light grey
Sandy SILT, low plasticity, light brown, fine to coarsesand
Sandy CLAY, medium plasticity, mottled light brownand orange-brown
PORPHYRY, medium to coarse grained, mottle lightgrey and orange-brown, XW-HW
Near refusal on PORPHYRY, medium to coarsegrained, MWTP15 terminated at 1.15m
D
D
D
kPa
1 of 1
PO Box 3385Rouse Hill NSW 2155
Ph: (02) 9836 2144Fax: (02) 9836 0225
structure andadditional observations
Excavation Log - Revision 9
Excavation Log
material information
material
soil type: plasticity or particle characteristics,colour, secondary and minor components.
excavation information
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
EX no:
sheet:
job no.:
TP15
0689-1
client:principal:project:location:equipment:dimensions:
started:finished:logged:checked:RL surface:datum:
Refer to Information Sheets for Terms and Symbols
4.12.20044.12.2004MABMAB
UMWELT (AUSTRALIA) PTY LTDREADYMIXPROPOSED HARD ROCK QUARRYMARULAN4WD BACKHOE0.45m wide by 2.0m long
SM
SC
CL
M-W
>Wp
L
MD
VSt
TOPSOIL
SLOPEWASH
RESIDUAL
BEDROCK
0.1
0.35
1
1.2
Silty SAND, medium grained, dark grey, grass roots
Clayey SAND, medium grained, light grey, some finegravel
Sandy CLAY, medium plasticity, light grey withorange-brown mottle, trace fine gravel
PORPHYRY, medium to coarse grained, mottled grey,brown and white
TP16 terminated at 1.2m
D
D
D
kPa
1 of 1
PO Box 3385Rouse Hill NSW 2155
Ph: (02) 9836 2144Fax: (02) 9836 0225
structure andadditional observations
Excavation Log - Revision 9
Excavation Log
material information
material
soil type: plasticity or particle characteristics,colour, secondary and minor components.
excavation information
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
EX no:
sheet:
job no.:
TP16
0689-1
client:principal:project:location:equipment:dimensions:
started:finished:logged:checked:RL surface:datum:
Refer to Information Sheets for Terms and Symbols
4.12.20044.12.2004MABMAB
UMWELT (AUSTRALIA) PTY LTDREADYMIXPROPOSED HARD ROCK QUARRYMARULAN4WD BACKHOE0.45m wide by 2.0m long
ML
CL
SC
M
>>Wp
W
F
St
MD
TOPSOIL
RESIDUAL
BEDROCK
0.15
0.3
0.7
1.2
Sandy SILT, low plasticity, dark grey, grass roots
Sandy CLAY, medium plasticity, light grey, medium tocoarse sand
Clayey SAND, medium to coarse grained, light grey
PORPHYRY, medium to coarse grained, light grey,XW-HW
TP17 terminated at 1.2m
D
D
D
kPa
1 of 1
PO Box 3385Rouse Hill NSW 2155
Ph: (02) 9836 2144Fax: (02) 9836 0225
structure andadditional observations
Excavation Log - Revision 9
Excavation Log
material information
material
soil type: plasticity or particle characteristics,colour, secondary and minor components.
excavation information
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
EX no:
sheet:
job no.:
TP17
0689-1
client:principal:project:location:equipment:dimensions:
started:finished:logged:checked:RL surface:datum:
Refer to Information Sheets for Terms and Symbols
4.12.20044.12.2004MABMAB
UMWELT (AUSTRALIA) PTY LTDREADYMIXPROPOSED HARD ROCK QUARRYMARULAN4WD BACKHOE0.45m wide by 2.0m long
SM
SC
CL
M
M-W
>Wp
L
St-VSt
TOPSOIL
SLOPEWASH
RESIDUAL
BEDROCK
0.1
0.25
0.7
1
Silty SAND, fine to medium grained, dark grey to black,grass roots
Clayey SAND, fine to medium grained, light brown
Sandy CLAY, medium plasticity, light grey and lightbrown with orange-brown mottle
GRANITE, medium to coarse grained, mottled light greyand brown, XW-HW
Near refusal on GRANITE, medium to coarse grained,MWTP18 terminated at 1m
D
D
D
kPa
1 of 1
PO Box 3385Rouse Hill NSW 2155
Ph: (02) 9836 2144Fax: (02) 9836 0225
structure andadditional observations
Excavation Log - Revision 9
Excavation Log
material information
material
soil type: plasticity or particle characteristics,colour, secondary and minor components.
excavation information
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
EX no:
sheet:
job no.:
TP18
0689-1
client:principal:project:location:equipment:dimensions:
started:finished:logged:checked:RL surface:datum:
Refer to Information Sheets for Terms and Symbols
4.12.20044.12.2004MABMAB
UMWELT (AUSTRALIA) PTY LTDREADYMIXPROPOSED HARD ROCK QUARRYMARULAN4WD BACKHOE0.45m wide by 2.0m long
ML
CL
M
>Wp
F
St-VSt
TOPSOIL
RESIDUAL
BEDROCK
0.15
0.75
1.3
SILT, low plasticity, grey
CLAY, medium plasticity, mottled brown andorange/red-brown
GRANITE, medium to coarse grained, mottled lightgrey, brown and white, XW
TP19 terminated at 1.3m
D
D
kPa
1 of 1
PO Box 3385Rouse Hill NSW 2155
Ph: (02) 9836 2144Fax: (02) 9836 0225
structure andadditional observations
Excavation Log - Revision 9
Excavation Log
material information
material
soil type: plasticity or particle characteristics,colour, secondary and minor components.
excavation information
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
EX no:
sheet:
job no.:
TP19
0689-1
client:principal:project:location:equipment:dimensions:
started:finished:logged:checked:RL surface:datum:
Refer to Information Sheets for Terms and Symbols
4.12.20044.12.2004MABMAB
UMWELT (AUSTRALIA) PTY LTDREADYMIXPROPOSED HARD ROCK QUARRYMARULAN4WD BACKHOE0.45m wide by 2.0m long
ML
ML
CL
M
=Wp
L-MD
H
TOPSOIL
RESIDUAL
BEDROCK
0.1
0.3
0.8
1.05
Sandy SILT, low plasticity, grey, grass roots, fine tomedium sand
Sandy SILT, low plasticity, grey, fine to coarse sand
Sandy CLAY, medium plasticity, mottled light brownand orange-brown, fine to medium sand
PORPHYRY, medium to coarse grained, light grey, XW
TP20 terminated at 1.05m
D
D
D
kPa
1 of 1
PO Box 3385Rouse Hill NSW 2155
Ph: (02) 9836 2144Fax: (02) 9836 0225
structure andadditional observations
Excavation Log - Revision 9
Excavation Log
material information
material
soil type: plasticity or particle characteristics,colour, secondary and minor components.
excavation information
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
EX no:
sheet:
job no.:
TP20
0689-1
client:principal:project:location:equipment:dimensions:
started:finished:logged:checked:RL surface:datum:
Refer to Information Sheets for Terms and Symbols
4.12.20044.12.2004MABMAB
UMWELT (AUSTRALIA) PTY LTDREADYMIXPROPOSED HARD ROCK QUARRYMARULAN4WD BACKHOE0.45m wide by 2.0m long
SM
SC
CL
M
>Wp
L
VSt
TOPSOIL
RESIDUAL
BEDROCK
0.1
0.5
0.9
1.25
Silty SAND, fine grained, dark grey, grass roots
Clayey SAND, medium grained, light brown
Sandy CLAY, medium plasticity, mottled light grey,brown and orange-brown, medium to coarse sand
PORPHYRY, medium to coarse grained, mottledorange-brown and grey, XW
TP21 terminated at 1.25m
D
D
D
kPa
1 of 1
PO Box 3385Rouse Hill NSW 2155
Ph: (02) 9836 2144Fax: (02) 9836 0225
structure andadditional observations
Excavation Log - Revision 9
Excavation Log
material information
material
soil type: plasticity or particle characteristics,colour, secondary and minor components.
excavation information
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
EX no:
sheet:
job no.:
TP21
0689-1
client:principal:project:location:equipment:dimensions:
started:finished:logged:checked:RL surface:datum:
Refer to Information Sheets for Terms and Symbols
4.12.20044.12.2004MABMAB
UMWELT (AUSTRALIA) PTY LTDREADYMIXPROPOSED HARD ROCK QUARRYMARULAN4WD BACKHOE0.45m wide by 2.0m long
EX no:
sheet:
job no.:
TP22
0689-1
client:principal:project:location:equipment:dimensions:
started:finished:logged:checked:RL surface:datum:
Refer to Information Sheets for Terms and Symbols
ML
ML
CL
=Wp
>Wp
F
VSt
TOPSOIL
RESIDUAL
BEDROCK
0.1
0.3
0.5
0.85
SILT, low plasticity, grey and brown, grass roots
Sandy Clayey SILT, low plasticity, light brown, fine tocoarse sand
Sandy CLAY, medium plasticity, mottled brown andorange-brown, fine to coarse sand
PORPHYRY, medium to coarse grained, mottled greyand brown, XW-HW
TP22 terminated at 0.85m
D
D
D
kPa
1 of 1
PO Box 3385Rouse Hill NSW 2155
Ph: (02) 9836 2144Fax: (02) 9836 0225
structure andadditional observations
Excavation Log - Revision 9
Excavation Log
material information
material
soil type: plasticity or particle characteristics,colour, secondary and minor components.
excavation information
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
4.12.20044.12.2004MABMAB
UMWELT (AUSTRALIA) PTY LTDREADYMIXPROPOSED HARD ROCK QUARRYMARULAN4WD BACKHOE0.45m wide by 2.0m long
0689-1D 11 May 2005
ASSET GEOTECHNICAL
APPENDIX B
Laboratory Test Results
0689-1D 11 May 2005
ASSET GEOTECHNICAL
FIGURES
APPENDIX 4B
Soil Landscape Description
Umwelt (Australia) Pty Limited 1829/R03/A4B May 2005 1
Appendix 4B - Soil Landscape Description Soil landscape descriptions are adapted from DIPNR (2003) Bindook Road Variation A Bindook Road variation A is the predominate soil landscape unit in the area north of the Main Southern Railway. The crests and upper slopes of Bindook Road variation A soils are characterised by Paralithic Bleached Leptic Tenosols (Lithosols) with the mid and upper slopes being characterised by Brown Kurosols (Red and Yellow Podzolic Soils). Lower slopes of the soil landscape unit are characterised by Grey Sodosols (Solodic Soils). The Bindook Road variant A soil landscape typically contains three horizons. The topsoil consists of two horizons (A1 and A2), with the materials comprising the A1 horizon ranging from a weak sandy loam to a silty/fine granular clay loam. pH for the A1 horizon range from 4.5 to 5.5. The A2 horizon is comprised of bleached dilatant sandy clay loam. The pH of the A2 horizon ranges from 4.5 to 5.5 with the texture of the material ranging from sandy clay loam to silty clay loam. The A1 and A2 horizons of the Bindook Road variant A soil landscape overly a sub-angular medium clay subsoil being reddish brown to yellowish brown in colour. The pH of the subsoil ranges from 5 to 6 with the structure ranging from moderate to strong pedality. Bindook Road Bindook Road is the predominate soil landscape unit to the south of the Main Southern Railway. This soil landscape unit also runs along the western edge of the project area, with patches also found in the northeast of the project area as shown on Figure 5.2 of the main text of the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). The Bindook Road soil landscape typically has four horizons, being the A1 and A2 horizons as well as the B2 and B3 horizons. The A1 horizon ranges from a weak sandy loam to a silty/fine sandy granular clay loam. Field pH ranges from 4.5 to 5.5. The structure of the A1 horizon ranges from massive to moderate pedality for the silty/fine sandy loam and from massive to weak pedal for the weak sandy loam. Fragment sizes range from coarse gravel to cobbles with the peds being 2-5 mm and angular in shape. The A2 horizon is comprised of a bleached dilatant sandy clay loam with a pH range of 4.5 to 5.5. The fragment sizes of coarse gravel to cobbles overlies the strong brown sub angular blocky medium clay of the subsoil B2 horizon. The B2 horizon has a pH range of 5 to 6 with fragment sizes ranging from coarse gravel to cobbles. Ped sizes for the B2 horizon are in the order of 20-50 mm. The B2 horizon is characterised by moderate to strong pedality with fragment sizes ranging from coarse gravel to cobbles. The greyish brown medium heavy sandy clay of the B2/3 horizon underlies the A2 horizon. The sandy clay material is characterised by angular to sub-angular blocky ped shapes ranging from gravel to cobbles. This horizon is highly erodible, dispersive and sodic in nature. Jaqua The Jaqua soil landscape unit is found in the project area along the main channel of Joarimin Creek. The Jaqua soil landscape unit is also located in the southeastern corner of the project area. The rises of the Jaqua soil landscape unit are characterised by Yellow Kurosols (yellow podsolic soils) with the foot slopes being characterised by yellow and brown Sodosols (Soloths, Solidic Soils and Solodized Solonetz). The channels are characterised by Stratic Rudosols comprising alluvial soils.
Umwelt (Australia) Pty Limited 1829/R03/A4B May 2005 2
The Jaqua soil landscape unit is generally composed of A1, A2 and B2 horizons. The A1 and A2 horizon is comprised of a number of materials typically being poorly structured loamy sand to sandy clay loam and a bleached dilatent silty clay loam. The loamy sand to sandy clay loam is brown to dark greyish brown in colour with ped sizes ranging from <2 mm up to 5 mm. Ped shapes are granular and polyhedral with ped structure ranging from single grained to weak pedal. The pH of the poorly structured loamy sand to sandy clay loam is highly variable, ranging from 4.5 to 10 with all materials having a high concentrated flow erodibility. The bleached dilatant silty clay loam displays characteristics similar to the other materials comprising the A1 and A2 horizon. The subsoils of the Jaqua soil landscape unit are of a clayey nature and include a sodic mottled well structured medium clay, a moderately structured clay and a moderately structured dispersive clay. The pH ranges for the moderately structured clay range from 5 to 6 with the ped structure ranging from moderate to strong pedality. Fragment sizes range from fine gravel to coarse gravel with ped shape being sub-angular blocky to angular blocky. The moderately structured dispersive clay is greyish yellow in colour and has a pH range of 6 to 9. Fragment sizes are fine gravel to coarse gravel and ped size and shape are consistent with the other materials which comprise the Jaqua sub soil horizon. The concentrated flow erodibility of the dispersive subsoil is high as is the non-concentrated flow erodibility. Marulan The Marulan Soil Landscape unit is found in a small band in southeastern corner of the project area. The upper slopes of the Marulan Soil Landscape Unit contain Paralithic Leptic Rudosols (Lithosols) and Chemic Tenosols (Earthy Sands) with Shallow Red Kandosols (Red Earths) also being present. The mid slopes of the soil landscape unit contain Red Kurosols (Red Podzolic Soils) with the lowers slopes containing Brown Sodosols (Solodic Soils). The Marulan soil landscape unit typically contains an A1 horizon which consists of a brown coarse sandy loam/sandy clay loam. The fragment sizes range from fine gravel to stones with ped shapes being sub-angular blocky to polyhedral. The structure is massive to weak pedal. The A2 horizon consists of a reddish brown, massive sandy clay loam and a bleached hardsetting sandy loam/clay loam. pH of the A2 horizon ranges from 5 to 6.5 with fragment sizes ranging from fine gravel to gravel. The concentrated flow erodibility and the non-concentrated flow erodibility potential of both the A1 and A2 horizons is considered to be high. The subsoil of the Marulan soil landscape unit contains two horizons, the B and B2 horizon. The B horizon is composed of an earthy sandy loam with fragment size ranging from fine gravel to gravel. The pH of the B horizon ranges from 5.5 to 7 with the flow erodibility of the horizon being high. The B2 horizon consists of red subangular blocky clay and a sodic yellow subangular blocky clay. The red subangular blocky clay has a pH range of 4 to 6.5, while the sodic yellow subangular blocky clay has a pH range of 5.5 to 7. Both material are characterised by a high concentrated flow erodibility and a moderate non-concentrated flow erodibility.