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Appendix 2Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
2016 Science FrameworkFOR CALIFORNIA PUBLIC SCHOOLSKindergarten Through Grade Twelve
Adopted by the California State Board of Education November 2016
Published by the California Department of Education Sacramento, 2018
To view the remaining sections of the 2016 California Science Framework on the CDE website, go to: https://cde.ca.gov/ci/sc/cf/cascienceframework2016.asp
Items in this document that relate to crosscutting concepts
are highlighted in green and followed by the abbreviation
CCC in brackets, [CCC] , with a number corresponding to the
concept. The same items that correspond to the science and
engineering practices are highlighted in blue and followed
by the abbreviation SEP in brackets, [SEP] , with a number
corresponding to the practice.
The Web links in this document have been replaced with
links that redirect the reader to a California Department
of Education (CDE) Web page containing the actual Web
addresses and short descriptions. Here the reader can access
the Web page referenced in the text. This approach allows
CDE to ensure the links remain current.
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
2APPENDIX
1619Appendix 22016 California Science Framework
Appropriate Alignments among Environmental Principles and Concepts (EP&Cs) and CA NGSS: KindergartenK
-LS
1 F
RO
M M
OLE
CU
LES
TO
OR
GA
NIS
MS
: S
TR
UC
TU
RE
S A
ND
PR
OC
ES
SE
S
Per
form
ance
Ex
pect
atio
ns
K-L
S1
-1:
Use
ob
serv
atio
ns t
o de
scrib
e pa
tter
ns
of w
hat
plan
ts a
nd
anim
als
(incl
udin
g hu
man
s) n
eed
to
surv
ive.
[C
lari
fica
tion
S
tate
men
t: E
xam
ple
s of
pat
tern
s co
uld
in
clu
de t
hat
an
imal
s n
eed
to t
ake
in f
ood
bu
t p
lan
ts d
o n
ot;
the
diff
eren
t ki
nd
s of
foo
d n
eede
d by
dif
fere
nt
typ
es o
f an
imal
s; t
he
requ
irem
ent
of p
lan
ts
to h
ave
ligh
t; a
nd,
th
at
all l
ivin
g th
ing
s n
eed
wat
er.]
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
EP
&C
s, C
CC
s,
and
SEP
s
Pri
nci
ple
I Th
e co
ntin
uatio
n an
d he
alth
of
indi
vidu
al h
uman
live
s an
d of
hum
an
com
mun
ities
and
soc
ietie
s de
pend
on
the
heal
th o
f th
e na
tura
l sys
tem
s th
at p
rovi
de
esse
ntia
l goo
ds a
nd e
cosy
stem
ser
vice
s.
Pri
nci
ple
II T
he lo
ng-t
erm
func
tioni
ng
and
heal
th o
f ter
rest
rial,
fres
hwat
er,
coas
tal a
nd m
arin
e ec
osys
tem
s ar
e in
fluen
ced
by t
heir
rela
tions
hips
with
hu
man
soc
ietie
s.
Cro
sscu
ttin
g C
once
pts
Pat
tern
s•
Patt
erns
in t
he n
atur
al a
nd d
esig
ned
wor
lds
can
be o
bser
ved
and
used
as
evid
ence
. (K-
LS1-
1)
Sci
ence
an
d En
gin
eeri
ng
Pra
ctic
es
An
alyz
ing
and
Inte
rpre
tin
g D
ata
• U
se o
bser
vatio
ns (
first
hand
or
from
m
edia
) to
des
crib
e pa
tter
ns in
the
na
tura
l wor
ld t
o an
swer
sci
entifi
c qu
estio
ns. (
K-LS
1-1)
Con
nec
tion
s to
Nat
ure
of
Sci
ence
Sci
enti
fic
Kn
owle
dge
is B
ased
on
Empi
rica
l Evi
den
ce•
Scie
ntis
ts lo
ok fo
r pa
tter
ns a
nd o
rder
w
hen
obse
rvin
g th
e w
orld
. (K-
LS1-
1)
Cla
rifi
cati
ons
and
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
DC
Is a
nd
EP&
Cs
Dis
cipl
inar
y C
ore
Idea
s
As s
tude
nts
lear
n th
at:
LS1
.C:
Org
aniz
atio
n f
or M
atte
r
and
Ener
gy F
low
in O
rgan
ism
s
All a
nim
als
need
food
in o
rder
to
live
and
grow
; th
ey o
btai
n th
eir
food
fro
m
plan
ts o
r fr
om o
ther
ani
mal
s; a
nd p
lant
s ne
ed w
ater
and
ligh
t to
live
and
gro
w.
(K-L
S1-1
)
Envi
ron
men
tal P
rin
cipl
es
and
Con
cept
(s)
Stud
ents
sho
uld
be d
evel
opin
g an
un
ders
tand
ing
that
:P
rin
cipl
e I
Con
cept
a:
The
good
s pr
oduc
ed b
y na
tura
l sys
tem
s ar
e es
sent
ial t
o hu
man
life
and
to
the
func
tioni
ng o
f ou
r ec
onom
ies
and
cultu
res.
Pri
nci
ple
II C
once
pt a
: D
irect
and
in
dire
ct c
hang
es t
o na
tura
l sys
tem
s du
e to
the
gro
wth
of
hum
an p
opul
atio
ns
and
thei
r co
nsum
ptio
n ra
tes
influ
ence
th
e ge
ogra
phic
ext
ent,
com
posi
tion,
bi
olog
ical
div
ersi
ty, a
nd v
iabi
lity
of n
atur
al
syst
ems.
Rel
evan
t EE
I U
nit
s th
at c
an S
upp
ort
NG
SS
In
stru
ctio
n
The
Wor
ld A
roun
d M
e
A D
ay I
n M
y Li
fe
1620
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
Appendix 2 2016 California Science Framework
K-E
SS
2 E
AR
TH
’S S
YS
TE
MS
Per
form
ance
Ex
pect
atio
ns
K-E
SS
2-2
: Co
nstr
uct
an a
rgum
ent
supp
orte
d by
evi
denc
e fo
r ho
w
plan
ts a
nd a
nim
als
(incl
udin
g hu
man
s) c
an
chan
ge t
he e
nviro
nmen
t to
mee
t th
eir
need
s.
[Cla
rifi
cati
on S
tate
men
t:
Exam
ple
s of
pla
nts
an
d an
imal
s ch
angi
ng
thei
r en
viro
nm
ent
cou
ld
incl
ude
a s
quir
rel d
igs
in t
he
grou
nd
to h
ide
its
food
an
d tr
ee r
oots
can
b
reak
con
cret
e.]
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
EP
&C
s, C
CC
s,
and
SEP
s
Pri
nci
ple
I Th
e co
ntin
uatio
n an
d he
alth
of
indi
vidu
al h
uman
live
s an
d of
hum
an
com
mun
ities
and
soc
ietie
s de
pend
on
the
heal
th o
f th
e na
tura
l sys
tem
s th
at p
rovi
de
esse
ntia
l goo
ds a
nd e
cosy
stem
ser
vice
s.
Pri
nci
ple
II T
he lo
ng-t
erm
func
tioni
ng
and
heal
th o
f te
rres
tria
l, fr
eshw
ater
, coa
stal
an
d m
arin
e ec
osys
tem
s ar
e in
fluen
ced
by
thei
r re
latio
nshi
ps w
ith h
uman
soc
ietie
s.
Cro
sscu
ttin
g C
once
pts
Pat
tern
s•
Patt
erns
in t
he n
atur
al w
orld
can
be
obse
rved
, use
d to
des
crib
e ph
enom
ena,
an
d us
ed a
s ev
iden
ce. (
K-ES
S2-1
)S
yste
ms
and
Sys
tem
Mod
els
• Sy
stem
s in
the
nat
ural
and
des
igne
d w
orld
s ha
ve p
arts
tha
t w
ork
toge
ther
. (K
-ESS
2-2)
Sci
ence
an
d En
gin
eeri
ng
Pra
ctic
es
Enga
gin
g in
Arg
um
ent
from
Evi
den
ce•
Cons
truc
t an
arg
umen
t w
ith e
vide
nce
to
supp
ort
a cl
aim
. (K-
ESS2
-2)
Cla
rifi
cati
ons
and
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
DC
Is a
nd
EP&
Cs
Dis
cipl
inar
y C
ore
Idea
s
As s
tude
nts
lear
n th
at:
ESS
2.E
: B
ioge
olog
y Pl
ants
and
ani
mal
sca
n ch
ange
the
ir en
viro
nmen
t. (
K-ES
S2-2
)Se
cond
ary
DCI(
s)ES
S3
.C:
Hu
man
Im
pact
s on
Ear
th
Sys
tem
s Th
ings
peo
ple
do t
o liv
e co
mfo
rtab
ly c
an a
ffect
the
wor
ld a
roun
d th
em, b
ut t
hey
can
mak
e ch
oice
s th
at
redu
ce t
heir
impa
cts
on t
he la
nd, w
ater
, ai
r, an
d ot
her
livin
g th
ings
. (se
cond
ary
to
K-ES
S2-2
)
Envi
ronm
enta
l Pri
ncip
les
and
Con
cept
(s)
Stud
ents
sho
uld
be d
evel
opin
g an
un
ders
tand
ing
that
:P
rin
cipl
e I
Con
cept
c:
The
qual
ity,
quan
tity
and
relia
bilit
y of
the
goo
ds a
nd
ecos
yste
m s
ervi
ces
prov
ided
by
natu
ral
syst
ems
are
dire
ctly
affe
cted
by
the
heal
th
of t
hose
sys
tem
s. (
ESS2
.E)
Pri
nci
ple
II C
once
pt a
: D
irect
and
in
dire
ct c
hang
es t
o na
tura
l sys
tem
s du
e to
th
e gr
owth
of
hum
an p
opul
atio
ns a
nd t
heir
cons
umpt
ion
rate
s in
fluen
ce t
he g
eogr
aphi
c ex
tent
, com
posi
tion,
bio
logi
cal d
iver
sity
, an
d vi
abili
ty o
f na
tura
l sys
tem
s. (
ESS3
.C)
Rel
evan
t EE
I U
nit
s th
at c
an S
upp
ort
NG
SS
In
stru
ctio
n
The
Wor
ld A
roun
d M
e
A D
ay I
n M
y Li
fe
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
1621Appendix 22016 California Science Framework
K-E
SS
3 E
AR
TH
AN
D H
UM
AN
AC
TIV
ITY
Per
form
ance
Ex
pect
atio
ns
K-E
SS3-
1: U
se a
mod
el
to r
epre
sent
the
rel
atio
nsh
ip b
etw
een
the
need
s of
diff
eren
t pl
ants
or
ani-
mal
s (in
clud
ing
hum
ans)
and
the
plac
es t
hey
live.
[C
lari
fica
tion
Sta
tem
ent:
Ex
amp
les
of r
elat
ion
-sh
ips
cou
ld in
clu
de t
hat
de
er e
at b
ud
s an
d le
aves
,th
eref
ore,
th
ey u
sual
ly
live
in f
ores
ted
area
s;
and,
gra
sses
nee
d su
n-
ligh
t so
th
ey o
ften
gro
w
in m
eado
ws.
Pla
nts
, an
imal
s, a
nd
thei
r su
r-ro
un
din
gs
mak
e u
p a
syst
em.]
-
K-E
SS3-
3: C
omm
unic
ate
solu
tions
tha
t w
ill r
educ
e th
e im
pact
of
hum
ans
on
the
land
, wat
er, a
ir, a
nd/
or o
ther
livi
ng t
hing
s in
th
e lo
cal e
nviro
nmen
t.*
[Cla
rifi
cati
on S
tate
men
t:
Exam
ple
s of
hu
man
im
pac
t on
th
e la
nd
cou
ld
incl
ude
cu
ttin
g tr
ees
to p
rodu
ce p
aper
an
d u
sin
g re
sou
rces
to
pro
-du
ce b
ottl
es. E
xam
ple
s of
sol
uti
ons
cou
ld in
clu
de
reu
sin
g p
aper
an
d re
cy-
clin
g ca
ns
and
bot
tles
.]
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
EP
&C
s,
CC
Cs,
an
d S
EPs
Pri
nci
ple
I Th
e co
ntin
uatio
n an
d he
alth
of
indi
vidu
al h
uman
live
s an
d of
hum
an c
omm
uniti
es a
nd s
ocie
ties
depe
nd o
n th
e he
alth
of
the
natu
ral
syst
ems
that
pro
vide
ess
entia
l goo
ds
and
ecos
yste
m s
ervi
ces.
P
rin
cipl
e II
The
long
-ter
m
func
tioni
ng a
nd h
ealth
of
terr
estr
ial,
fres
hwat
er, c
oast
al a
nd m
arin
e ec
osys
tem
s ar
e in
fluen
ced
by t
heir
rela
tions
hips
with
hum
an s
ocie
ties.
Cro
sscu
ttin
g C
once
pts
Cau
se a
nd
Effe
ct•
Even
ts h
ave
caus
es t
hat
gene
rate
ob
serv
able
pat
tern
s. (
K-ES
S3-3
)S
yste
ms
and
Sys
tem
Mod
els
• Sy
stem
s in
the
nat
ural
and
des
igne
d w
orld
s ha
ve p
arts
tha
t w
ork
toge
ther
. (K-
ESS3
-1)
Sci
ence
an
d En
gin
eeri
ng
Pra
ctic
es
Dev
elop
ing
and
Usi
ng
Mod
els
• U
se a
mod
el t
o re
pres
ent
rela
tion-
ship
s in
the
nat
ural
wor
ld. (
K-ES
S3-1
)O
bta
inin
g, E
valu
atin
g, a
nd
Com
mu
nic
atin
g In
form
atio
n•
Com
mun
icat
e so
lutio
ns w
ith o
ther
s in
ora
l and
/or
writ
ten
form
s us
ing
mod
els
and/
or d
raw
ings
tha
t pr
ovid
e de
tail
abou
t sc
ient
ific
idea
s.
(K-E
SS3-
3)
Cla
rifi
cati
ons
and
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
DC
Is a
nd
EP&
Cs
Dis
cipl
inar
y C
ore
Idea
s
As s
tude
nts
lear
n th
at:
ESS3
.A:
Nat
ural
Res
ourc
es H
uman
s us
e na
tura
l res
ourc
es fo
r ev
eryt
hing
they
do.
(K-
ESS3
-1)
ESS
3.C
: H
um
an I
mpa
cts
on E
arth
Sys
tem
s Th
ings
peo
ple
do t
o liv
e co
mfo
rtab
ly c
an a
ffect
the
w
orld
aro
und
them
. (K-
ESS3
-3)
Seco
ndar
y D
CI(
s)ET
S1.A
: D
efin
ing
and
Del
imit
ing
an
Engi
neer
ing
Aski
ng q
uest
ions
, mak
ing
obse
r-va
tions
, and
gat
herin
g in
form
atio
n ar
e he
lpfu
l in
thin
king
abo
ut p
robl
ems.
(se
cond
ary
to K
-ESS
3-2)
ETS1
.B: D
evel
opin
g Po
ssib
le S
olut
ions
Des
igns
ca
n be
con
veye
d th
roug
h sk
etch
es, d
raw
ings
, or
phys
ical
mod
els.
The
se r
epre
sent
atio
ns a
re u
sefu
l in
com
mun
icat
ing
idea
s fo
r a
prob
lem
’s so
lutio
ns
to o
ther
peo
ple.
(se
cond
ary
to K
-ESS
3-3)
Envi
ron
men
tal P
rin
cipl
es a
nd
Con
cept
(s)
Stud
ents
sho
uld
be d
evel
opin
g an
und
erst
andi
ng
that
:P
rinc
iple
I C
once
pt c
: Th
e qu
ality
, qua
ntity
and
re
liabi
lity
of t
he g
oods
and
eco
syst
em s
ervi
ces
prov
ided
by
natu
ral s
yste
ms
are
dire
ctly
affe
cted
by
the
heal
th o
f th
ose
syst
ems.
(ES
S3.A
)P
rinc
iple
II
Con
cept
a:
Dire
ct a
nd in
dire
ct
chan
ges
to n
atur
al s
yste
ms
due
to t
he g
row
th o
f hu
man
pop
ulat
ions
and
the
ir co
nsum
ptio
n ra
tes
influ
ence
the
geo
grap
hic
exte
nt, c
ompo
sitio
n,
biol
ogic
al d
iver
sity
, and
via
bilit
y of
nat
ural
sys
tem
s.(E
SS3.
C)
Rel
evan
t EE
I U
nits
th
at c
an S
uppo
rt
NG
SS I
nstr
ucti
on
The
Wor
ld A
roun
d M
e
A D
ay I
n M
y Li
fe
1622
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
Appendix 2 2016 California Science Framework
K–
2-E
TS
1 E
NG
INE
ER
ING
DE
SIG
N
Per
form
ance
Ex
pect
atio
ns
K–
2-E
TS1
-1:
Ask
ques
tions
, mak
e ob
serv
atio
ns, a
nd g
athe
r in
form
atio
n ab
out
a si
tuat
ion
peop
le w
ant
to
chan
ge t
o de
fine
a si
mpl
e pr
oble
m t
hat
can
be s
olve
dth
roug
h th
e de
velo
pmen
t of
a n
ew o
r im
prov
ed
obje
ct o
r to
ol.
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
EP
&C
s,
CC
Cs,
an
d S
EPs
Pri
nci
ple
V D
ecis
ions
affe
ctin
g re
sour
ces
and
natu
ral s
yste
ms
are
base
d on
a w
ide
rang
e of
co
nsid
erat
ions
and
dec
isio
n-m
akin
g pr
oces
ses.
Cro
sscu
ttin
g C
once
pts
ETS
1.A
: N
one
iden
tifie
d
Sci
ence
an
d En
gin
eeri
ng
Pra
ctic
es
Ask
ing
Qu
esti
ons
and
Def
inin
g P
rob
lem
s•
Ask
ques
tions
bas
ed o
n ob
serv
atio
ns
to fi
nd m
ore
info
rmat
ion
abou
t th
e na
tura
l and
/or
desi
gned
wor
ld(s
).
(K–2
-ETS
1-1)
• D
efine
a s
impl
e pr
oble
m t
hat
can
be
solv
ed t
hrou
gh t
he d
evel
opm
ent
of a
ne
w o
r im
prov
ed o
bjec
t or
too
l.
(K–2
-ETS
1-1)
Cla
rifi
cati
ons
and
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
DC
Is a
nd
EP&
Cs
Dis
cipl
inar
y C
ore
Idea
s
As s
tude
nts
lear
n th
at:
ETS
1.A
: D
efin
ing
and
Del
imit
ing
Engi
nee
rin
g P
rob
lem
s A
situ
atio
n pe
ople
w
ant
to c
hang
e or
cre
ate
can
be a
ppro
ache
d as
a p
robl
em t
o be
sol
ved
thro
ugh
engi
neer
ing.
(K–
2-ET
S1-1
)As
king
que
stio
ns, m
akin
g ob
serv
atio
ns, a
nd g
athe
ring
info
rmat
ion
are
help
ful i
n th
inki
ng a
bout
pro
blem
s.
(K–2
-ETS
1-1)
Seco
ndar
y D
CI(
s)ET
S1
.A:
Befo
re b
egin
ning
to
desi
gn a
so
lutio
n, it
is im
port
ant
to c
lear
ly u
nder
stan
d th
e pr
oble
m. (
K–2-
ETS1
-1)
Envi
ron
men
tal P
rin
cipl
es a
nd
Con
cept
(s)
Stud
ents
sho
uld
be d
evel
opin
g an
und
er-
stan
ding
tha
t:P
rin
cipl
e V
Con
cept
c:
The
spec
trum
of
wha
t is
con
side
red
in m
akin
g de
cisi
ons
abou
t re
sour
ces
and
natu
ral s
yste
ms
and
how
tho
se
fact
ors
influ
ence
dec
isio
ns.
Rel
evan
t EE
I U
nit
s th
at c
an S
upp
ort
NG
SS
In
stru
ctio
n
The
Wor
ld A
roun
d M
e
A D
ay I
n M
y Li
fe
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
1623Appendix 22016 California Science Framework
and CA NAppropriat
GSS: Grade Onee Alignments among Environmental Principles and Concepts (EP&Cs)
1-L
S1
FR
OM
MO
LEC
ULE
S T
O O
RG
AN
ISM
S:
ST
RU
CT
UR
ES
AN
D P
RO
CE
SS
ES
Per
form
ance
Ex
pect
atio
ns
1-L
S1
-1:
Use
mat
eria
ls
to d
esig
n a
solu
tion
to
a hu
man
pro
blem
by
mim
icki
ng h
ow p
lant
s an
d/or
ani
mal
s us
e th
eir
exte
rnal
par
ts t
o he
lp t
hem
su
rviv
e, g
row
, and
mee
t th
eir
need
s.*
[Cla
rifi
cati
on
Sta
tem
ent:
Exa
mp
les
of
hu
man
pro
ble
ms
that
can
be
solv
ed b
y m
imic
kin
g p
lan
t or
an
imal
sol
uti
ons
cou
ld
incl
ude
des
ign
ing
clot
hin
g or
equ
ipm
ent
to p
rote
ct
bic
yclis
ts b
y m
imic
kin
g tu
rtle
sh
ells
, aco
rn s
hel
ls, a
nd
anim
al s
cale
s; s
tab
ilizi
ng
stru
ctu
res
by m
imic
kin
g an
imal
tai
ls a
nd
root
s on
p
lan
ts;
keep
ing
out
intr
ude
rs
by m
imic
kin
g th
orn
s on
b
ran
ches
an
d an
imal
qu
ills;
an
d, d
etec
tin
g in
tru
ders
by
mim
icki
ng
eyes
an
d ea
rs.]
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
EP
&C
s, C
CC
s,
and
SEP
s
Pri
nci
ple
II T
he lo
ng-t
erm
func
tioni
ng
and
heal
th o
f te
rres
tria
l, fr
eshw
ater
, co
asta
l and
mar
ine
ecos
yste
ms
are
influ
ence
d by
the
ir re
latio
nshi
ps w
ith
hum
an s
ocie
ties.
Cro
sscu
ttin
g C
once
pts
Pat
tern
s•
Patt
erns
in t
he n
atur
al w
orld
can
be
obse
rved
, use
d to
des
crib
e ph
enom
ena,
an
d us
ed a
s ev
iden
ce. (
1-LS
1-2)
Str
uct
ure
an
d Fu
nct
ion
• Th
e sh
ape
and
stab
ility
of
stru
ctur
es o
f na
tura
l and
des
igne
d ob
ject
s ar
e re
late
d to
the
ir fu
nctio
n(s)
. (1-
LS1-
1)
Con
nect
ions
to
Engi
neer
ing,
Te
chno
logy
, and
App
licat
ions
of
Sci
ence
Infl
uen
ce o
f En
gin
eeri
ng,
Te
chn
olog
y, a
nd
Sci
ence
on
Soc
iety
an
d th
e N
atu
ral W
orld
• Ev
ery
hum
an-m
ade
prod
uct
is d
esig
ned
by a
pply
ing
som
e kn
owle
dge
of t
he
natu
ral w
orld
and
is b
uilt
by u
sing
na
tura
l mat
eria
ls. (
1-LS
1-1)
Cla
rifi
cati
ons
and
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
DC
Is a
nd
EP&
Cs
Dis
cipl
inar
y C
ore
Idea
s
As s
tude
nts
lear
n th
at:
LS1
.A:
Str
uct
ure
an
d Fu
nct
ion
All o
rgan
ism
s ha
ve e
xter
nal p
arts
. D
iffer
ent
anim
als
use
thei
r bo
dy
part
s in
diff
eren
t w
ays
to s
ee, h
ear,
gras
p ob
ject
s, p
rote
ct t
hem
selv
es,
mov
e fr
om p
lace
to
plac
e, a
nd
seek
, fin
d, a
nd t
ake
in fo
od, w
ater
an
d ai
r. Pl
ants
als
o ha
ve d
iffer
ent
part
s (r
oots
, ste
ms,
leav
es,
flow
ers,
fru
its)
that
hel
p th
em
surv
ive
and
grow
. (1-
LS1-
1)
Envi
ron
men
tal P
rin
cipl
es a
nd
Con
cept
(s)
Stud
ents
sho
uld
be d
evel
opin
g an
un
ders
tand
ing
that
:P
rin
cipl
e II
Con
cept
a:
That
di
rect
and
indi
rect
cha
nges
to
natu
ral s
yste
ms
due
to t
he g
row
th
of h
uman
pop
ulat
ions
and
the
ir co
nsum
ptio
n ra
tes
influ
ence
the
ge
ogra
phic
ext
ent,
com
posi
tion,
bi
olog
ical
div
ersi
ty, a
nd v
iabi
lity
of
natu
ral s
yste
ms.
Rel
evan
t EE
I U
nit
s th
at c
an S
upp
ort
NG
SS
In
stru
ctio
n
Surv
ivin
g an
d Th
rivin
g
Find
ing
Shel
ter
Ope
n W
ide!
Loo
k In
side
!
1624
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
Appendix 2 2016 California Science Framework
1-L
S1
FR
OM
MO
LEC
ULE
S T
O O
RG
AN
ISM
S:
ST
RU
CT
UR
ES
AN
D P
RO
CE
SS
ES
1-L
S1
-2:
Read
tex
ts a
nd
use
med
ia t
o de
term
ine
patt
erns
in b
ehav
ior
of
pare
nts
and
offs
prin
g th
at
help
offs
prin
g su
rviv
e.
[Cla
rifi
cati
on S
tate
men
t:
Exam
ple
s of
pat
tern
s of
b
ehav
iors
cou
ld in
clu
de t
he
sign
als
that
off
spri
ng
mak
e (s
uch
as
cryi
ng,
ch
eepi
ng,
an
d ot
her
voc
aliz
atio
ns)
an
d th
e re
spon
ses
of t
he
par
ents
(su
ch a
s fe
edin
g,
com
fort
ing,
an
d pr
otec
tin
g th
e of
fspr
ing)
.]
bla
nk
bla
nk
Sci
ence
an
d En
gin
eeri
ng
Pra
ctic
es
Con
stru
ctin
g Ex
plan
atio
ns
and
D
esig
nin
g S
olu
tion
s•
Use
mat
eria
ls t
o de
sign
a d
evic
e th
at
solv
es a
spe
cific
pro
blem
or
a so
lutio
n to
a
spec
ific
prob
lem
. (1-
LS1-
1)O
bta
inin
g, E
valu
atin
g, a
nd
C
omm
un
icat
ing
Info
rmat
ion
• Re
ad g
rade
-app
ropr
iate
tex
ts a
nd u
se
med
ia t
o ob
tain
sci
entifi
c in
form
atio
n to
de
term
ine
patt
erns
in t
he n
atur
al w
orld
. (1
-LS1
-2)
Con
nec
tion
s to
Nat
ure
of
Sci
ence
Sci
enti
fic
Kn
owle
dge
is B
ased
on
Em
piri
cal E
vide
nce
• Sc
ient
ists
look
for
patt
erns
and
ord
er
whe
n m
akin
g ob
serv
atio
ns a
bout
the
w
orld
. (1-
LS1-
2)
bla
nk
bla
nk
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
1625Appendix 22016 California Science Framework
K–
2-E
TS
1 E
NG
INE
ER
ING
DE
SIG
N
Per
form
ance
Ex
pect
atio
ns
K–
2-E
TS1
-1:
Ask
ques
tions
, mak
e ob
serv
atio
ns, a
nd g
athe
r in
form
atio
n ab
out
a si
tuat
ion
peop
le w
ant
to
chan
ge t
o de
fine
a si
mpl
e pr
oble
m t
hat
can
be s
olve
d th
roug
h th
e de
velo
pmen
t of
a n
ew o
r im
prov
ed
obje
ct o
r to
ol.
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
EP
&C
s, C
CC
s,
and
SEP
s
Pri
nci
ple
V D
ecis
ions
affe
ctin
g re
sour
ces
and
natu
ral s
yste
ms
are
base
d on
a w
ide
rang
e of
con
side
ratio
ns a
nd d
ecis
ion-
mak
ing
proc
esse
s.
Cro
sscu
ttin
g C
once
pts
Str
uct
ure
an
d Fu
nct
ion
b
• Th
e sh
ape
and
stab
ility
of
stru
ctur
es o
f na
tura
l and
des
igne
d ob
ject
s ar
e re
late
d to
th
eir
func
tion(
s). (
K–2-
ETS1
-2)
Sci
ence
an
d En
gin
eeri
ng
Pra
ctic
es
Ask
ing
Qu
esti
ons
and
Def
inin
g P
rob
lem
s•
Ask
ques
tions
bas
ed o
n ob
serv
atio
ns t
o fin
d m
ore
info
rmat
ion
abou
t th
e na
tura
l and
/or
desi
gned
wor
ld(s
). (
K–2-
ETS1
-1)
• D
efine
a s
impl
e pr
oble
m t
hat
can
be s
olve
d th
roug
h th
e de
velo
pmen
t of
a n
ew o
r im
prov
ed o
bjec
t or
too
l. (K
–2-E
TS1-
1)
Cla
rifi
cati
ons
and
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
DC
Is a
nd
EP&
Cs
Dis
cipl
inar
y C
ore
Idea
s
As s
tude
nts
lear
n th
at:
ETS
1.A
: D
efin
ing
and
Del
imit
ing
Engi
nee
rin
g P
rob
lem
s As
king
qu
estio
ns, m
akin
g ob
serv
atio
ns, a
nd
gath
erin
g in
form
atio
n ar
e he
lpfu
l in
thin
king
abo
ut p
robl
ems.
(K–
2-ET
S1-1
)
Envi
ron
men
tal P
rin
cipl
es a
nd
Con
cept
(s)
Stud
ents
sho
uld
be d
evel
opin
g an
un
ders
tand
ing
that
:P
rin
cipl
e V
Con
cept
a:
The
spec
trum
of
wha
t is
con
side
red
in
mak
ing
deci
sion
s ab
out
reso
urce
s an
d na
tura
l sys
tem
s an
d ho
w t
hose
fact
ors
influ
ence
dec
isio
ns.
Rel
evan
t EE
I U
nit
s th
at c
an S
upp
ort
NG
SS
In
stru
ctio
n
Surv
ivin
g an
d Th
rivin
g
Find
ing
Shel
ter
Ope
n W
ide!
Loo
k In
side
!
1626
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
Appendix 2 2016 California Science Framework
2-L
S2
EC
OS
YS
TE
MS
: IN
TE
RA
CT
ION
S,
EN
ER
GY
, A
ND
DY
NA
MIC
S
Per
form
ance
Ex
pect
atio
ns
2-L
S2
-1:
Plan
and
co
nduc
t an
inve
stig
atio
n to
det
erm
ine
if pl
ants
ne
ed s
unlig
ht a
nd w
ater
to
gro
w. [
Ass
essm
ent
Bou
ndar
y: A
sses
smen
t is
lim
ited
to
test
ing
one
vari
able
at
a ti
me.
]2
-LS
2-2
: D
evel
op
a si
mpl
e m
odel
tha
t m
imic
s th
e fu
nctio
n of
an
ani
mal
in d
ispe
rsin
g se
eds
or p
ollin
atin
g pl
ants
.*
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
EP
&C
s,
CC
Cs,
an
d S
EPs
Pri
nci
ple
II T
he lo
ng-t
erm
func
tion-
ing
and
heal
th o
f te
rres
tria
l, fr
eshw
ater
,co
asta
l and
mar
ine
ecos
yste
ms
are
influ
ence
d by
the
ir re
latio
nshi
ps w
ith
hum
an s
ocie
ties.
Pri
nci
ple
V D
ecis
ions
affe
ctin
g re
sour
ces
and
natu
ral s
yste
ms
are
base
d on
a w
ide
rang
e of
con
side
r-at
ions
and
dec
isio
n-m
akin
g pr
oces
ses.
Cro
sscu
ttin
g C
once
pts
Cau
se a
nd
Effe
ct•
Even
ts h
ave
caus
es t
hat
gene
rate
ob
serv
able
pat
tern
s. (
2-LS
2-1)
Str
uct
ure
an
d Fu
nct
ion
• Th
e sh
ape
and
stab
ility
of s
truc
ture
s of
nat
ural
and
des
igne
d ob
ject
s ar
e re
late
d to
the
ir fu
nctio
n(s)
. (2-
LS2-
2)
Sci
ence
an
d En
gin
eeri
ng
Pra
ctic
es
Dev
elop
ing
and
Usi
ng
Mod
els
• D
evel
op a
sim
ple
mod
el b
ased
on
evid
ence
to
repr
esen
t a
prop
osed
ob
ject
or
tool
. (2-
LS2-
2)P
lan
nin
g an
d C
arry
ing
Ou
t In
vest
igat
ion
s•
Plan
and
con
duct
an
inve
stig
atio
n co
llabo
rativ
ely
to p
rodu
ce d
ata
to
serv
e as
the
bas
is fo
r ev
iden
ce t
o an
swer
a q
uest
ion.
(2-
LS2-
1)
Appropriate Alignments among Environmental Principles and Concepts (EP&Cs) and CA NGSS: Grade Two
Cla
rifi
cati
ons
and
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
DC
Is a
nd
EP&
Cs
Dis
cipl
inar
y C
ore
Idea
s
As s
tude
nts
lear
n th
at:
LS2
.A:
Inte
rdep
ende
nt
Rel
atio
nsh
ips
in E
cosy
stem
s Pl
ants
dep
end
on w
ater
an
d lig
ht t
o gr
ow. (
2-LS
2-1)
LS2
.A:
Plan
ts d
epen
d on
ani
mal
s fo
r po
llina
tion
or t
o m
ove
thei
r se
eds
arou
nd.
(2-L
S2-2
)S e
cond
ary
DCI(
s)ET
S1
.B:
Dev
elop
ing
Pos
sib
le S
olu
-t i
ons
Des
igns
can
be
conv
eyed
thr
ough
sk
etch
es, d
raw
ings
, or
phys
ical
mod
els.
Th
ese
repr
esen
tatio
ns a
re u
sefu
l in
com
-m
unic
atin
g id
eas
for
a pr
oble
m’s
solu
tions
to
oth
er p
eopl
e. (
seco
ndar
y to
2-L
S2-2
)b
E Cnvi
ron
men
tal P
rin
cipl
es a
nd
once
pt(s
)
Stud
ents
sho
uld
be d
evel
opin
g an
un
ders
tand
ing
that
:P
rin
cipl
e II
Con
cept
a:
Dire
ct a
nd
indi
rect
cha
nges
to
natu
ral s
yste
ms
due
to t
he g
row
th o
f hu
man
pop
ulat
ions
and
th
eir
cons
umpt
ion
r ate
s in
fluen
ce t
he
geog
raph
ic e
xten
t, c
ompo
sitio
n, b
iolo
gica
l di
vers
ity, a
nd v
iabi
lity
of n
atur
al s
yste
ms.
Pri
nci
ple
V C
once
pt a
: Th
e sp
ectr
um
of w
hat
is c
onsi
dere
d in
mak
ing
deci
sion
s ab
out
reso
urce
s an
d na
tura
l sys
tem
s an
d ho
w t
hose
fact
ors
influ
ence
dec
isio
ns.
Rel
evan
t EE
I U
nit
s th
at c
an S
upp
ort
NG
SS
In
stru
ctio
n
Cycl
e of
Life
Flow
erin
g Pl
ants
in O
ur
Chan
ging
Env
ironm
ent
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
1627Appendix 22016 California Science Framework
2-L
S4
BIO
LOG
ICA
L E
VO
LUT
ION
: U
NIT
Y A
ND
DIV
ER
SIT
Y
Per
form
ance
Exp
ecta
tion
s
2-L
S4
-1:
Mak
e ob
serv
atio
ns
of p
lant
s an
d an
imal
s to
co
mpa
re t
he d
iver
sity
of
life
in
diffe
rent
hab
itats
[C
lari
fica
tion
S
tate
men
t: E
mph
asis
is o
n th
e di
vers
ity
of li
vin
g th
ing
s in
ea
ch o
f a
vari
ety
of d
iffe
ren
t h
abit
ats.
] [A
sses
smen
t B
ound
ary:
Ass
essm
ent
does
no
t in
clud
e sp
ecif
ic a
nim
al
and
plan
t na
mes
in s
peci
fic
habi
tats
.]
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
EP
&C
s, C
CC
s,
and
SEP
s
Pri
nci
ple
II T
he lo
ng-t
erm
func
tioni
ng a
nd
heal
th o
f te
rres
tria
l, fr
eshw
ater
, coa
stal
and
m
arin
e ec
osys
tem
s ar
e in
fluen
ced
by t
heir
rela
tions
hips
with
hum
an s
ocie
ties.
Cro
sscu
ttin
g C
once
pts
Cau
se a
nd
Effe
ct•
Even
ts h
ave
caus
es t
hat
gene
rate
obs
erva
ble
patt
erns
. (2-
LS2-
1)S
yste
ms
and
Sys
tem
Mod
els
• Sy
stem
s in
the
nat
ural
and
des
igne
d w
orld
ha
ve p
arts
tha
t w
ork
toge
ther
. (K-
ESS2
-2)
Sci
ence
an
d En
gin
eeri
ng
Pra
ctic
es
Pla
nn
ing
and
Car
ryin
g O
ut
Inve
stig
atio
ns
• M
ake
obse
rvat
ions
(fir
stha
nd o
r fr
om m
edia
) to
col
lect
dat
a th
at c
an b
e us
ed t
o m
ake
com
paris
ons.
(2-
LS4-
1)
Con
nec
tion
s to
Nat
ure
of
Sci
ence
Sci
enti
fic
Kn
owle
dge
is B
ased
on
Empi
rica
l Evi
den
ce•
Scie
ntis
ts lo
ok fo
r pa
tter
ns a
nd o
rder
whe
n m
akin
g ob
serv
atio
ns a
bout
the
wor
ld.
(2-L
S4-1
)
Cla
rifi
cati
ons
and
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
DC
Is a
nd
EP&
Cs
Dis
cipl
inar
y C
ore
Idea
s
As s
tude
nts
lear
n th
at:
LS4
.D:
Bio
dive
rsit
y an
d H
um
ans
Ther
e ar
e m
any
diffe
rent
ki
nds
of li
ving
thi
ngs
in a
ny a
rea,
an
d th
ey e
xist
in d
iffer
ent
plac
es
on la
nd a
nd in
wat
er. (
2-LS
4-1)
Envi
ron
men
tal P
rin
cipl
es a
nd
Con
cept
(s)
Stud
ents
sho
uld
be d
evel
opin
g an
un
ders
tand
ing
that
:P
rin
cipl
e II
Con
cept
a:
Dire
ct
and
indi
rect
cha
nges
to
natu
ral
syst
ems
due
to t
he g
row
th o
f hu
man
pop
ulat
ions
and
the
ir co
nsum
ptio
n ra
tes
influ
ence
the
ge
ogra
phic
ext
ent,
com
posi
tion,
bi
olog
ical
div
ersi
ty, a
nd v
iabi
lity
of
natu
ral s
yste
ms.
Rel
evan
t EE
I U
nit
s th
at c
an S
upp
ort
NG
SS
In
stru
ctio
n
Cycl
e of
Life
Flow
erin
g Pl
ants
in O
ur
Chan
ging
Env
ironm
ent
Alik
e an
d D
if fer
ent
Surv
ivin
g an
d Th
rivin
g
1628
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
Appendix 2 2016 California Science Framework
K–
2-E
TS
1 E
NG
INE
ER
ING
DE
SIG
N
Per
form
ance
Ex
pect
atio
ns
K–
2-E
TS1
-1:
Ask
ques
tions
, mak
e ob
serv
atio
ns, a
nd g
athe
r in
form
atio
n ab
out
a si
tuat
ion
peop
le w
ant
to c
hang
e to
def
ine
a si
mpl
e pr
oble
m t
hat
can
be s
olve
d th
roug
h th
e de
velo
pmen
t of
a n
ew o
r im
prov
ed o
bjec
t or
too
l.
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
EP
&C
s, C
CC
s,
and
SEP
s
Pri
nci
ple
V D
ecis
ions
affe
ctin
g re
sour
ces
and
natu
ral s
yste
ms
are
base
d on
a w
ide
rang
e of
con
side
ratio
ns a
nd d
ecis
ion-
mak
ing
proc
esse
s.
Cro
sscu
ttin
g C
once
pts
Cau
se a
nd
Effe
ct•
Even
ts h
ave
caus
es t
hat
gene
rate
ob
serv
able
pat
tern
s. (
2-LS
2-1)
Str
uct
ure
an
d Fu
nct
ion
b
• Th
e sh
ape
and
stab
ility
of
stru
ctur
es o
f na
tura
l and
des
igne
d ob
ject
s ar
e re
late
d to
th
eir
func
tion(
s). (
K–2-
ETS1
-2)
Sci
ence
an
d En
gin
eeri
ng
Pra
ctic
es
Ask
ing
Qu
esti
ons
and
Def
inin
g P
rob
lem
s•
Ask
ques
tions
bas
ed o
n ob
serv
atio
ns t
o fin
d m
ore
info
rmat
ion
abou
t th
e na
tura
l and
/or
desi
gned
wor
ld(s
). (
K–2-
ETS1
-1)
• D
efine
a s
impl
e pr
oble
m t
hat
can
be s
olve
d th
roug
h th
e de
velo
pmen
t of
a n
ew o
r im
prov
ed o
bjec
t or
too
l. (K
–2-E
TS1-
1)
Cla
rifi
cati
ons
and
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
DC
Is a
nd
EP&
Cs
Dis
cipl
inar
y C
ore
Idea
s
As s
tude
nts
lear
n th
at:
ETS
1.A
: D
efin
ing
and
Del
imit
ing
Engi
nee
rin
g P
rob
lem
s As
king
qu
estio
ns, m
akin
g ob
serv
atio
ns, a
nd
gath
erin
g in
form
atio
n ar
e he
lpfu
l in
thin
king
abo
ut p
robl
ems.
(K–
2-ET
S1-1
)ET
S1
.A:
Def
inin
g an
d D
elim
itin
g En
gin
eeri
ng
Pro
ble
ms
Befo
re
begi
nnin
g to
des
ign
a so
lutio
n it
is
impo
rtan
t to
cle
arly
und
erst
and
the
prob
lem
. (K–
2-ET
S1-1
)
Envi
ron
men
tal P
rin
cipl
es a
nd
Con
cept
(s)
Stud
ents
sho
uld
be d
evel
opin
g an
un
ders
tand
ing
that
:P
rin
cipl
e V
Con
cept
a:
The
spec
trum
of
wha
t is
con
side
red
in m
akin
g de
cisi
ons
abou
t re
sour
ces
and
natu
ral
syst
ems
and
how
tho
se fa
ctor
s in
fluen
ce
deci
sion
s.
Rel
evan
t EE
I U
nit
s th
at c
an S
upp
ort
NG
SS
In
stru
ctio
n
Cycl
e of
Life
Flow
erin
g Pl
ants
in O
ur
Chan
ging
Env
ironm
ent
The
Eart
h Ro
cks
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
1629Appendix 22016 California Science Framework
and CA NAppropriat
GSS: Grade Threee Alignments among Environmental Principles and Concepts (EP&Cs)
3-L
S1
FR
OM
MO
LEC
ULE
S T
O O
RG
AN
ISM
S:
ST
RU
CT
UR
ES
AN
D P
RO
CE
SS
ES
Per
form
ance
Ex
pect
atio
ns
3-L
S1
-1:
Dev
elop
m
odel
s to
des
crib
e th
at
orga
nism
s ha
ve u
niqu
e an
d di
vers
e lif
e cy
cles
but
al
l hav
e in
com
mon
birt
h,
grow
th, r
epro
duct
ion,
and
de
ath.
[C
lari
fica
tion
St
atem
ent:
Ch
ange
s or
gan
ism
s go
th
rou
gh
duri
ng
thei
r lif
e fo
rm a
p
atte
rn.]
[A
sses
smen
t B
ound
ary:
Ass
essm
ent
ofpl
ant
life
cycl
es is
lim
ited
to t
hose
of
flow
erin
g pl
ants
. Ass
essm
ent
does
no
t in
clud
e de
tails
of
hum
an r
epro
duct
ion.
]
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
EP
&C
s,
CC
Cs,
an
d S
EPs
Pri
nci
ple
III
Nat
ural
sys
tem
s pr
ocee
d th
roug
h cy
cles
tha
t hu
man
s de
pend
upo
n, b
enef
it fr
om, a
nd c
an
alte
r.
Cro
sscu
ttin
g C
once
pts
Pat
tern
s•
Patt
erns
of
chan
ge c
an b
e us
ed t
o m
ake
pred
ictio
ns. (
3-LS
1-1)
Sci
ence
an
d En
gin
eeri
ng
Pra
ctic
es
Dev
elop
ing
and
Usi
ng
Mod
els
• D
evel
op m
odel
s to
des
crib
e ph
enom
ena.
(3-
LS1-
1)
Con
nec
tion
s to
Nat
ure
of
Scie
nce
Sci
enti
fic
Kn
owle
dge
is B
ased
on
Em
piri
cal E
vide
nce
• Sc
ienc
e fin
ding
s ar
e ba
sed
on
reco
gniz
ing
patt
erns
. (3-
LS1-
1)
Cla
rifi
cati
ons
and
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
DC
Is a
nd
EP&
Cs
Dis
cipl
inar
y C
ore
Idea
s
As s
tude
nts
lear
n th
at:
LS1
.B:
Gro
wth
an
d D
evel
opm
ent
of
Org
anis
ms
Repr
oduc
tion
is e
ssen
tial t
o th
e co
ntin
ued
exis
tenc
e of
eve
ry k
ind
of
orga
nism
. Pla
nts
and
anim
als
have
uni
que
and
dive
rse
life
cycl
es. (
3-LS
1-1)
Envi
ron
men
tal P
rin
cipl
es
and
Con
cept
(s)
Stud
ents
sho
uld
be d
evel
opin
g an
un
ders
tand
ing
that
:P
rin
cipl
e II
I C
once
pt a
: N
atur
al s
yste
ms
proc
eed
thro
ugh
cycl
es a
nd p
roce
sses
tha
t ar
e re
quire
d fo
r th
eir
func
tioni
ng.
Pri
nci
ple
III
Con
cept
b:
Hum
an
prac
tices
dep
end
upon
and
ben
efit
from
the
cy
cles
and
pro
cess
es t
hat
oper
ate
with
in
natu
ral s
yste
ms.
Pri
nci
ple
III
Con
cept
c:
Hum
an
prac
tices
can
alte
r th
e cy
cles
and
pro
cess
es
that
ope
rate
with
in n
atur
al s
yste
ms.
Rel
evan
t EE
I U
nit
s th
at c
an S
upp
ort
NG
SS
In
stru
ctio
n
Cycl
e of
Life
Flow
erin
g Pl
ants
in
Our
Cha
ngin
g En
viro
nmen
t
Stru
ctur
es for
Sur
viva
l in
a H
ealth
y Ec
osys
tem
Livi
ng T
hing
s in
Ch
angi
ng E
nviro
nmen
ts
1630
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
Appendix 2 2016 California Science Framework
3-L
S3
HE
RE
DIT
Y:
INH
ER
ITA
NC
E A
ND
VA
RIA
TIO
N O
F T
RA
ITS
Per
form
ance
Ex
pect
atio
ns
3-L
S3
-2:
Use
evi
denc
e to
sup
port
the
exp
lana
tion
that
tra
its c
an b
e in
fluen
ced
by t
he e
nviro
nmen
t.
[Cla
rifi
cati
on S
tate
men
t:
Exam
ple
s of
th
e en
viro
nm
ent
affe
ctin
g a
trai
t co
uld
incl
ude
n
orm
ally
tal
l pla
nts
gro
wn
wit
h in
suff
icie
nt
wat
er a
re
stu
nte
d; a
nd,
a p
et d
og t
hat
is
giv
en t
oo m
uch
foo
d an
d lit
tle
exer
cise
may
bec
ome
over
wei
ght.
]
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
EP
&C
s,
CC
Cs,
an
d S
EPs
Pri
nci
ple
II T
he lo
ng-t
erm
func
tion-
ing
and
heal
th o
f te
rres
tria
l, fr
esh w
ater
, co
asta
l and
mar
ine
ecos
yste
ms
are
influ
ence
d by
the
ir re
latio
nshi
ps w
ith
hum
an s
ocie
ties.
Cro
sscu
ttin
g C
once
pts
Cau
se a
nd
Effe
ct•
Caus
e an
d ef
fect
rel
atio
nshi
ps a
re
rout
inel
y id
entifi
ed a
nd u
sed
to e
xpla
in
chan
ge. (
3-LS
3-2)
Pat
tern
s•
Sim
ilarit
ies
and
diffe
renc
es in
pat
tern
s ca
n be
use
d to
sor
t an
d cl
assi
fy n
atur
al
phen
omen
a. (
3-LS
3-1)
Sci
ence
an
d En
gin
eeri
ng
Pra
ctic
es
Con
stru
ctin
g Ex
plan
atio
ns
and
Des
ign
ing
Sol
uti
ons
• U
se e
vide
nce
(e.g
., ob
serv
atio
ns,
patt
erns
) to
sup
port
an
expl
anat
ion.
(3
-LS3
-2)
Cla
rifi
cati
ons
and
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
DC
Is a
nd
EP&
Cs
Dis
cipl
inar
y C
ore
Idea
s
As s
tude
nts
lear
n th
at:
LS3
.A:
Inh
erit
ance
of
Trai
ts O
ther
ch
arac
teris
tics
resu
lt fr
om in
divi
dual
s’
inte
ract
ions
with
the
env
ironm
ent,
whi
ch
can
rang
e fr
om d
iet
to le
arni
ng, a
nd
that
man
y ch
arac
teris
tics
invo
lve
both
in
herit
ance
and
env
ironm
ent.
(3-
LS3-
2)LS
3.B
: In
her
itan
ce o
f Tr
aits
The
en
viro
nmen
t al
so a
ffect
s th
e tr
aits
tha
t an
or
gani
sm d
evel
ops.
(3-
LS3-
2)
Envi
ronm
enta
l Pri
ncip
les
and
Con
cept
(s)
Stud
ents
sho
uld
be d
evel
opin
g an
un
ders
tand
ing
that
:P
rin
cipl
e II
Con
cept
a:
Dire
ct a
nd
indi
rect
cha
nges
to
natu
ral s
yste
ms
due
to
the
grow
th o
f hu
man
pop
ulat
ions
and
the
ir co
nsum
ptio
n ra
tes
influ
ence
the
geo
grap
hic
exte
nt, c
ompo
sitio
n, b
iolo
gica
l div
ersi
ty,
and
viab
ility
of
natu
ral s
yste
ms.
Rel
evan
t EE
I U
nit
s th
at c
an S
upp
ort
NG
SS
In
stru
ctio
n
Stru
ctur
es for
Sur
viva
l in
a H
ealth
y Ec
osys
tem
Livi
ng T
hing
s in
Ch
angi
ng E
nviro
nmen
ts
Alik
e an
d D
iffer
ent
Flow
erin
g Pl
ants
in O
ur
Chan
ging
Env
ironm
ent
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
1631Appendix 22016 California Science Framework
3-L
S4
BIO
LOG
ICA
L E
VO
LUT
ION
: U
NIT
Y A
ND
DIV
ER
SIT
Y
Per
form
ance
Ex
pect
atio
ns
3-L
S4
-2:
Use
evi
denc
e to
co
nstr
uct
an e
xpla
natio
n fo
r ho
w t
he v
aria
tions
in
cha
ract
eris
tics
amon
g in
divi
dual
s of
the
sam
e sp
ecie
s m
ay p
rovi
de
adva
ntag
es in
sur
vivi
ng,
findi
ng m
ates
, and
re
prod
ucin
g. [
Cla
rifi
cati
on
Sta
tem
ent:
Exa
mp
les
of c
ause
and
effe
ct r
elat
ion
ship
s co
uld
be
pla
nts
th
at h
ave
larg
er
thor
ns
than
oth
er p
lan
ts m
ay
be
less
like
ly t
o b
e ea
ten
by p
reda
tors
; an
d, a
nim
als
that
hav
e b
ette
r ca
mou
flag
e co
lora
tion
th
an o
ther
an
imal
s m
ay b
e m
ore
likel
y to
su
rviv
e an
d th
eref
ore
mor
e lik
ely
to
leav
e of
fspr
ing.
]3
-LS
4-3
: Co
nstr
uct
an
argu
men
t w
ith e
vide
nce
that
in a
par
ticul
ar h
abita
t so
me
orga
nism
s ca
n su
rviv
e w
ell,
som
e su
rviv
e le
ss
wel
l, an
d so
me
cann
ot
surv
ive
at a
ll. [
Cla
rifi
cati
on
Sta
tem
ent:
Exa
mp
les
of
evid
ence
cou
ld in
clu
de n
eed
s an
d ch
arac
teri
stic
s of
th
e or
gan
ism
s an
d h
abit
ats
invo
lved
. Th
e or
gan
ism
s an
d th
eir
hab
itat
mak
e
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
EP
&C
s,
CC
Cs,
an
d S
EPs
Pri
nci
ple
II T
he lo
ng-t
erm
func
-tio
ning
and
hea
lth o
f te
rres
tria
l, fr
esh w
ater
, coa
stal
and
mar
ine
eco-
syst
ems
are
influ
ence
d by
the
ir re
latio
nshi
ps w
ith h
uman
soc
ietie
s.
Cro
sscu
ttin
g C
once
pts
Cau
se a
nd
Effe
ct•
Caus
e an
d ef
fect
rel
atio
nshi
ps a
re
ro
utin
ely
iden
tified
and
use
d to
expl
ain
chan
ge. (
3-LS
4-2)
(3-
LS4-
3)S
yste
ms
and
Sys
tem
Mod
els
• A
syst
em c
an b
e de
scrib
ed in
te
rms
of it
s co
mpo
nent
s an
d th
eir
inte
ract
ions
. (3-
LS4-
4)
Con
nec
tion
s to
En
gin
eeri
ng,
Te
chn
olog
y, a
nd
App
licat
ion
s
of S
cien
ceb
Inte
rdep
ende
nce
of
Sci
ence
, En
gin
eeri
ng,
an
d Te
chn
olog
y•
Know
ledg
e of
rel
evan
t sc
ient
ific
conc
epts
and
res
earc
h fin
ding
s is
im
port
ant
in e
ngin
eerin
g. (
3 LS
4 3)
Con
nec
tion
s to
Nat
ure
of
Sci
ence
Sci
ence
is a
Hu
man
En
deav
or•
Mos
t sc
ient
ists
and
eng
inee
rs w
ork
in t
eam
s. (
3-LS
4-3)
Cla
rifi
cati
ons
and
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
DC
Is a
nd
EP&
Cs
Dis
cipl
inar
y C
ore
Idea
s
As s
tude
nts
lear
n th
at:
LS4
.C:
Ada
ptat
ion
For
any
par
ticul
ar e
nvi-
ronm
ent,
som
e ki
nds
of o
rgan
ism
s su
rviv
e w
ell,
som
e su
rviv
e le
ss w
ell.
(3
-LS4
-3)
LS4
.D:
Bio
dive
rsit
y an
d H
um
ans
Popu
latio
ns li
ve in
a v
arie
ty o
f ha
bita
ts,
and
chan
ge in
tho
se h
abita
ts a
ffect
s th
e or
gani
sms
livin
g th
ere.
(3
-LS4
-4)
Seco
ndar
y D
CI(
s)LS
2.C
: Ec
osys
tem
Dyn
amic
s,
Fun
ctio
nin
g, a
nd
Res
ilien
ce W
hen
the
envi
ronm
ent
chan
ges
in w
ays
that
affe
ct a
pl
ace’
s ph
ysic
al c
hara
cter
istic
s, t
empe
ratu
re,
or a
vaila
bilit
y of
res
ourc
es, s
ome
orga
nism
s su
rviv
e an
d re
prod
uce,
oth
ers
mov
e to
ne
w lo
catio
ns, y
et o
ther
s m
ove
into
the
tr
ansf
orm
ed e
nviro
nmen
t, a
nd s
ome
die.
(s
econ
dary
to
3-LS
4-4)
Rel
evan
t EE
I U
nit
s th
at c
an S
upp
ort
NG
SS
In
stru
ctio
n
Stru
ctur
es for
Sur
viva
l in
a H
ealth
y Ec
osys
tem
Livi
ng T
hing
s in
Ch
angi
ng E
nviro
nmen
ts
1632
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
Appendix 2 2016 California Science Framework
3-L
S4
BIO
LOG
ICA
L E
VO
LUT
ION
: U
NIT
Y A
ND
DIV
ER
SIT
Y
up
a sy
stem
in w
hic
h th
e p
arts
dep
end
on e
ach
oth
er.]
3-L
S4
-4:
Mak
e a
clai
m
abou
t th
e m
erit
of a
sol
utio
n to
a p
robl
em c
ause
d w
hen
the
envi
ronm
ent
chan
ges
and
the
type
s of
pla
nts
and
anim
als
that
live
the
re
may
cha
nge.
* [C
lari
fica
tion
S
tate
men
t: E
xam
ple
s of
en
viro
nm
enta
l ch
ange
s co
uld
incl
ude
ch
ange
s in
la
nd
char
acte
rist
ics,
wat
er
dist
rib
uti
on, t
emp
erat
ure
, fo
od, a
nd
oth
er o
rgan
ism
s.]
[Ass
essm
ent
Bou
ndar
y:
Ass
essm
ent
is li
mit
ed t
o a
sing
le e
nvir
onm
enta
l cha
nge.
A
sses
smen
t do
es n
ot in
clud
e th
e gr
eenh
ouse
eff
ect
or
clim
ate
chan
ge.]
ank
Sci
ence
an
d En
gin
eeri
ng
Pra
ctic
es
Con
stru
ctin
g Ex
plan
atio
ns
and
D
esig
nin
g S
olu
tion
s•
Use
evi
denc
e (e
.g.,
obse
rvat
ions
, pa
tter
ns)
to c
onst
ruct
an
expl
anat
ion.
(3-
LS4-
2)En
gagi
ng
in A
rgu
men
t fr
om
Evid
ence
• Co
nstr
uct
an a
rgum
ent
with
ev
iden
ce. (
3-LS
4-3)
• M
ake
a cl
aim
abo
ut t
he m
erit
of
a so
lutio
n to
a p
robl
em b
y ci
ting
rele
vant
evi
denc
e ab
out
how
it
mee
ts t
he c
riter
ia a
nd c
onst
rain
ts o
f th
e pr
oble
m. (
3-LS
4-4)
Envi
ron
men
tal P
rin
cipl
es a
nd
Con
cept
(s)
bl
Stud
ents
sho
uld
be d
evel
opin
g an
un
ders
tand
ing
that
:P
rin
cipl
e II
Con
cept
a:
Dire
ct a
nd
indi
rect
cha
nges
to
natu
ral s
yste
ms
due
to
the
grow
th o
f hu
man
pop
ulat
ions
and
the
ir co
nsum
ptio
n ra
tes
influ
ence
the
geo
grap
hic
exte
nt, c
ompo
sitio
n, b
iolo
gica
l div
ersi
ty, a
nd
viab
ility
of
natu
ral s
yste
ms.
Pri
nci
ple
II C
once
pt b
: M
etho
ds u
sed
to e
xtra
ct, h
arve
st, t
rans
port
and
con
sum
e na
tura
l res
ourc
es in
fluen
ce t
he g
eogr
aphi
c ex
tent
, com
posi
tion,
bio
logi
cal d
iver
sity
, and
vi
abili
ty o
f na
tura
l sys
tem
s.P
rin
cipl
e II
Con
cept
c:
The
expa
nsio
n an
d op
erat
ion
of h
uman
com
mun
ities
in
fluen
ces
the
geog
raph
ic e
xten
t,
com
posi
tion,
bio
logi
cal d
iver
sity
, and
via
bilit
y of
nat
ural
sys
tem
s.
blan
k
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
1633Appendix 22016 California Science Framework
3–
5-E
TS
1 E
NG
INE
ER
ING
DE
SIG
N
Per
form
ance
Ex
pect
atio
ns
3–
5-E
TS1
-1:
Def
ine
a si
mpl
e de
sign
pro
blem
re
flect
ing
a ne
ed o
r a
wan
tth
at in
clud
es s
peci
fied
crite
ria fo
r su
cces
s an
d co
nstr
aint
s on
mat
eria
ls,
time,
or
cost
.3
–5
-ETS
1-2
: G
ener
ate
and
com
pare
mul
tiple
po
ssib
le s
olut
ions
to
a pr
oble
m b
ased
on
how
w
ell e
ach
is li
kely
to
mee
t th
e cr
iteria
and
con
stra
ints
of
the
pro
blem
.
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
EP
&C
s, C
CC
s,
and
SEP
s
Pri
nci
ple
V D
ecis
ions
affe
ctin
g re
sour
ces
and
natu
ral s
yste
ms
are
base
d on
a w
ide
rang
e of
co
nsid
erat
ions
and
dec
isio
n-m
akin
g pr
oces
ses.
Cro
sscu
ttin
g C
once
pts
Con
nec
tion
s to
En
gin
eeri
ng,
Tec
hn
olog
y,
and
App
licat
ion
s of
Sci
ence
Infl
uen
ce o
f En
gin
eeri
ng,
Tec
hn
olog
y, a
nd
Sci
ence
on
Soc
iety
an
d th
e N
atu
ral W
orld
• Pe
ople
’s ne
eds
and
wan
ts c
hang
e ov
er t
ime,
as
do
thei
r de
man
ds fo
r ne
w a
nd im
prov
ed
tech
nolo
gies
. (3–
5-ET
S1-1
)•
Engi
neer
s im
prov
e ex
istin
g te
chno
logi
es o
r de
velo
p ne
w o
nes
to in
crea
se t
heir
bene
fits,
de
crea
se k
now
n ris
ks, a
nd m
eet
soci
etal
de
man
ds. (
3–5-
ETS-
2)
Sci
ence
an
d En
gin
eeri
ng
Pra
ctic
es
Ask
ing
Qu
esti
ons
and
Def
inin
g P
rob
lem
s•
Defi
ne a
sim
ple
desi
gn p
robl
em t
hat
can
be
solv
ed t
hrou
gh t
he d
evel
opm
ent
of a
n ob
ject
, to
ol, p
roce
ss, o
r sy
stem
and
incl
udes
sev
eral
cr
iteria
for
succ
ess
and
cons
trai
nts
on m
ater
ials
, tim
e, o
r co
st. (
3–5-
ETS1
-1)
Con
stru
ctin
g Ex
plan
atio
ns
and
Des
ign
ing
Sol
uti
ons
•
a pr
oble
m b
ased
on
how
wel
l the
y m
eet
the
crite
ria a
nd c
onst
rain
ts o
f th
e de
sign
pro
blem
. (3
–5-E
TS1-
2)
Cla
rifi
cati
ons
and
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
DC
Is a
nd
EP&
Cs
Dis
cipl
inar
y C
ore
Idea
s
As s
tude
nts
lear
n th
at:
ETS
1.A
: D
efin
ing
and
Del
imit
ing
Engi
nee
rin
g P
rob
lem
s …
Diff
eren
t pr
opos
als
for
solu
tions
can
be
com
pare
d on
th
e ba
sis
of h
ow w
ell e
ach
one
mee
ts t
he s
peci
fied
crite
ria fo
r su
cces
s or
how
wel
l eac
h ta
kes
the
cons
trai
nts
into
acc
ount
. (3
–5-E
TS1-
1)
Envi
ron
men
tal P
rin
cipl
es a
nd
Con
cept
(s)
Stud
ents
sho
uld
be d
evel
opin
g an
un
ders
tand
ing
that
:P
rin
cipl
e V
Con
cept
a:
The
spec
trum
of
wha
t is
con
side
red
in
mak
ing
deci
sion
s ab
out
reso
urce
s an
d na
tura
l sys
tem
s an
d ho
w
thos
e fa
ctor
s in
fluen
ce d
ecis
ions
.
Gen
erat
e an
d co
mpa
re m
ultip
le s
olut
ions
to
Rel
evan
t EE
I U
nit
s th
at c
an S
upp
ort
NG
SS
In
stru
ctio
n
Stru
ctur
es for
Sur
viva
l in
a H
ealth
y Ec
osys
tem
Livi
ng T
hing
s in
Ch
angi
ng E
nviro
nmen
ts
1634
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
Appendix 2 2016 California Science Framework
and CA NAppropriat
GSS: Grade Foure Alignments among Environmental Principles and Concepts (EP&Cs)
4-L
S1
FR
OM
MO
LEC
ULE
S T
O O
RG
AN
ISM
S:
ST
RU
CT
UR
ES
AN
D P
RO
CE
SS
ES
Per
form
ance
Ex
pect
atio
ns
4-L
S1
-1:
Cons
truc
t an
ar
gum
ent
that
pla
nts
and
anim
als
have
inte
rnal
and
ex
tern
al s
truc
ture
s th
at
func
tion
to s
uppo
rt
surv
ival
, gro
wth
, beh
avio
r, an
d re
prod
uctio
n.
[Cla
rifi
cati
on S
tate
men
t:
Exam
ple
s of
str
uct
ure
s co
uld
incl
ude
th
orn
s, s
tem
s,
root
s, c
olor
ed p
etal
s, h
eart
stom
ach
, lu
ng,
bra
in, a
nd
skin
. Eac
h st
ruct
ure
has
sp
ecif
ic f
un
ctio
ns
wit
hin
its
asso
ciat
ed s
yste
m.]
[A
sses
smen
t B
ound
ary:
A
sses
smen
t is
lim
ited
to
mac
rosc
opic
str
uctu
res
wit
hin
plan
t an
d an
imal
sy
stem
s.]
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
EP&
Cs,
CC
Cs,
an
d S
EPs
Pri
nci
ple
II T
he lo
ng-t
erm
fu
nctio
ning
and
hea
lth o
f te
rres
tria
l, fr
eshw
ater
, coa
stal
an
d m
arin
e ec
osys
tem
s ar
e in
fluen
ced
by t
heir
rela
tions
hips
w
ith h
uman
soc
ietie
s.
Cro
sscu
ttin
g C
once
pts
Sys
tem
s an
d S
yste
m M
odel
s•
A sy
stem
can
be
desc
ribed
in
, te
rms
of it
s co
mpo
nent
s an
d th
eir
inte
ract
ions
. (4-
LS1-
1)
Sci
ence
an
d En
gin
eeri
ng
Pra
ctic
es
Enga
gin
g in
Arg
um
ent
fr
om E
vide
nce
• Co
nstr
uct
an a
rgum
ent
with
ev
iden
ce, d
ata,
and
/or
a m
odel
. (4
-LS1
-1)
Cla
rifi
cati
ons
and
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
DC
Is a
nd
EP&
Cs
Dis
cipl
inar
y C
ore
Idea
s
As s
tude
nts
lear
n th
at:
LS1
.A:
Str
uct
ure
an
d Fu
nct
ion
Pla
nts
and
anim
als
have
bot
h in
tern
al a
nd e
xter
nal
stru
ctur
es t
hat
serv
e va
rious
func
tions
in
grow
th, s
urvi
val,
beha
vior
, and
rep
rodu
ctio
n.
(4 L
S1-1
)
Envi
ron
men
tal P
rin
cipl
es a
nd
Con
cept
(s)
Stud
ents
sho
uld
be d
evel
opin
g an
un
ders
tand
ing
that
:P
rin
cipl
e II
Con
cept
a:
Dire
ct a
nd
indi
rect
cha
nges
to
natu
ral s
yste
ms
due
to
the
grow
th o
f hu
man
pop
ulat
ions
and
the
ir co
nsum
ptio
n r a
tes
influ
ence
the
geo
grap
hic
exte
nt, c
ompo
sitio
n, b
iolo
gica
l div
ersi
ty, a
nd
viab
ility
of
natu
ral s
yste
ms.
Pri
nci
ple
II C
once
pt b
: M
etho
ds u
sed
to
extr
act,
har
vest
, tra
nspo
rt, a
nd c
onsu
me
natu
ral r
esou
rces
influ
ence
the
geo
grap
hic
exte
nt, c
ompo
sitio
n, b
iolo
gica
l div
ersi
ty, a
nd
viab
ility
of
natu
ral s
yste
ms.
Pri
nci
ple
II C
once
pt c
: Th
e ex
pans
ion
and
oper
atio
n of
hum
an c
omm
uniti
es
influ
ence
s th
e ge
ogra
phic
ext
ent,
co
mpo
sitio
n, b
iolo
gica
l div
ersi
ty, a
nd v
iabi
lity
of n
atur
al s
yste
ms.
Rel
evan
t EE
I U
nit
s th
at c
an S
upp
ort
NG
SS
In
stru
ctio
n
Stru
ctur
es for
Sur
viva
l in
a H
ealth
y Ec
osys
tem
Livi
ng T
hing
s in
Ch
angi
ng E
nviro
nmen
ts
The
Flow
of
Ener
gy
Thro
ugh
Ecos
yste
ms
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
1635Appendix 22016 California Science Framework
4-E
SS
3 E
AR
TH
AN
D H
UM
AN
AC
TIV
ITY
Per
form
ance
Ex
pect
atio
ns
4-E
SS
3-1
: O
btai
n an
d co
mbi
ne in
form
atio
n to
des
crib
e th
at e
nerg
y an
d fu
els
are
deriv
ed
from
nat
ural
res
ourc
es
and
thei
r us
es a
ffect
th
e en
viro
nmen
t.
[Cla
rifi
cati
on S
tate
men
t:
Exam
ple
s of
ren
ewab
le
ener
gy r
esou
rces
cou
ld
incl
ude
win
d en
ergy
, w
ater
beh
ind
dam
s, a
nd
sun
ligh
t; n
on-r
enew
able
en
ergy
res
ourc
es a
re
foss
il fu
els
and
fiss
ile
mat
eria
ls. E
xam
ple
s of
en
viro
nm
enta
l eff
ects
co
uld
incl
ude
loss
of
hab
itat
du
e to
dam
s, lo
ss
of h
abit
at d
ue
to s
urf
ace
min
ing,
an
d ai
r p
ollu
tion
fr
om b
urn
ing
of f
ossi
l fu
els.
]
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
EP
&C
s, C
CC
s,
and
SEP
s
Pri
ncip
le I
The
con
tinua
tion
and
heal
th o
f in
divi
dual
hu
man
live
s an
d of
hum
an c
omm
uniti
es a
nd s
ocie
ties
depe
nd o
n th
e he
alth
of
the
natu
ral s
yste
ms
that
pro
-vi
de e
ssen
tial g
oods
and
eco
syst
em s
ervi
ces.
Cro
sscu
ttin
g C
once
pts
Cau
se a
nd
Effe
ct•
Caus
e an
d ef
fect
rel
atio
nshi
ps a
re r
outin
ely
iden
tified
an
d us
ed t
o ex
plai
n ch
ange
. (4-
ESS3
-1)
Ener
gy a
nd
Mat
terb
• En
ergy
can
be
tran
sfer
red
in v
ario
us w
ays
and
betw
een
obje
cts.
Con
nec
tion
s to
En
gin
eeri
ng,
Tec
hnol
ogy,
an
d A
pplic
atio
ns o
f Sc
ienc
e
Inte
rdep
ende
nce
of
Sci
ence
, En
gin
eeri
ng,
an
d Te
chn
olog
y•
Know
ledg
e of
rel
evan
t sc
ient
ific
conc
epts
and
re
sear
ch fi
ndin
gs is
impo
rtan
t in
eng
inee
ring.
(4
-ESS
3-1)
Infl
uen
ce o
f S
cien
ce, E
ngi
nee
rin
g an
d
Tech
nol
ogy
on S
ocie
ty a
nd
the
Nat
ura
l Wor
ld•
Ove
r tim
e, p
eopl
e’s
need
s an
d w
ants
cha
nge,
as
do
thei
r de
man
ds fo
r ne
w a
nd im
prov
ed t
echn
olog
ies.
(4
-ESS
3-1)
Sci
ence
an
d En
gin
eeri
ng
Pra
ctic
es
Obt
ain
ing,
Eva
luat
ing,
an
d C
omm
un
icat
ing
Info
rmat
ion
• O
btai
n an
d co
mbi
ne in
form
atio
n fr
om b
ooks
and
ot
her
relia
ble
med
ia t
o ex
plai
n ph
enom
ena.
(4
-ESS
3-1)
Cla
rifi
cati
ons
and
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
DC
Is
and
EP&
Cs
Dis
cipl
inar
y C
ore
Idea
s
As s
tude
nts
lear
n th
at:
ESS
3.A
: N
atu
ral R
esou
rces
En
ergy
and
fuel
s th
at h
uman
s us
e ar
e de
rived
fro
m n
atur
al
sour
ces,
and
the
ir us
e af
fect
s th
e en
viro
nmen
t in
mul
tiple
w
ays,
and
tha
t so
me
reso
urce
s ar
e re
new
able
ove
r tim
e, a
nd
othe
rs a
re n
ot. (
4-ES
S3-1
)Se
cond
ary
DCI(
s)ET
S1
.B:
Des
ign
ing
Sol
uti
ons
to E
ngi
nee
rin
g P
rob
lem
s Te
stin
g a
solu
tion
invo
lves
in
vest
igat
ing
how
wel
l it
perf
orm
s un
der
a ra
nge
of
likel
y co
nditi
ons.
(se
cond
ary
to
4-ES
S3-2
)
Envi
ron
men
tal P
rin
cipl
es
and
Con
cept
(s)
Stud
ents
sho
uld
be d
evel
opin
g an
und
erst
andi
ng t
hat:
Pri
nci
ple
I C
once
pt a
: Th
e go
ods
prod
uced
by
natu
ral
syst
ems
are
esse
ntia
l to
hum
an
life
and
to t
he fu
nctio
ning
of
our
econ
omie
s an
d cu
lture
s.
Rel
evan
t EE
I U
nit
s th
at c
an S
upp
ort
NG
SS
In
stru
ctio
n
Plan
ts:
The
Ulti
mat
e En
ergy
Res
ourc
e
Ener
gy a
nd M
ater
ial
Reso
urce
s: R
enew
able
or
Not
?
1636
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
Appendix 2 2016 California Science Framework
3–
5-E
TS
1 E
NG
INE
ER
ING
DE
SIG
N
Per
form
ance
Ex
pect
atio
ns
3–
5-E
TS1
-1:
Def
ine
a si
mpl
e de
sign
pro
blem
re
flect
ing
a ne
ed o
r a
wan
t th
at in
clud
es s
peci
fied
crite
ria fo
r su
cces
s an
d co
nstr
aint
s on
mat
eria
ls,
time,
or
cost
.
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
EP
&C
s, C
CC
s,
and
SEP
s
Pri
nci
ple
V D
ecis
ions
affe
ctin
g re
sour
ces
and
natu
ral s
yste
ms
are
base
d on
a w
ide
rang
e of
con
side
ratio
ns a
nd
deci
sion
-mak
ing
proc
esse
s.
Cro
sscu
ttin
g C
once
pts
Con
nec
tion
s to
En
gin
eeri
ng,
Te
chn
olog
y, a
nd
App
licat
ion
s of
S
cien
ce
Infl
uen
ce o
f En
gin
eeri
ng,
Te
chn
olog
y, a
nd
Sci
ence
on
Soc
iety
an
d th
e N
atu
ral W
orld
• Pe
ople
’s ne
eds
and
wan
ts c
hang
e ov
er
time,
as
do t
heir
dem
ands
for
new
and
im
prov
ed t
echn
olog
ies.
(3–
5-ET
S1-1
)
Sci
ence
an
d En
gin
eeri
ng
Pra
ctic
es
Ask
ing
Qu
esti
ons
and
Def
inin
g P
rob
lem
s•
Defi
ne a
sim
ple
desi
gn p
robl
em t
hat
can
be s
olve
d th
roug
h th
e de
velo
pmen
t of
an
obje
ct, t
ool,
proc
ess,
or
syst
em
and
incl
udes
sev
eral
crit
eria
for
succ
ess
and
cons
trai
nts
on m
ater
ials
, tim
e, o
r co
st. (
3–5-
ETS1
-1)
Cla
rifi
cati
ons
and
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
DC
Is a
nd
EP&
Cs
Dis
cipl
inar
y C
ore
Idea
s
blan
kbl
ank
As s
tude
nts
lear
n th
at:
ETS
1.A
: D
efin
ing
and
Del
imit
ing
Engi
nee
rin
g P
rob
lem
s P
ossi
ble
solu
tions
to
a pr
oble
m a
re li
mite
d by
ava
ilabl
e m
ater
ials
and
res
ourc
es
(con
stra
ints
). T
he s
ucce
ss o
f a
desi
gned
so
lutio
n is
det
erm
ined
by
cons
ider
ing
the
desi
red
feat
ures
of
a so
lutio
n (c
riter
ia).
D
iffer
ent
prop
osal
s fo
r so
lutio
ns c
an
be c
ompa
red
on t
he b
asis
of
how
wel
l ea
ch o
ne m
eets
the
spe
cifie
d cr
iteria
fo
r su
cces
s or
how
wel
l eac
h ta
kes
the
cons
trai
nts
into
acc
ount
. (3–
5-ET
S1-1
)
Envi
ron
men
tal P
rin
cipl
es a
nd
Con
cept
(s)
Stud
ents
sho
uld
be d
evel
opin
g an
un
ders
tand
ing
that
:P
rin
cipl
e V
Con
cept
a:
The
spec
trum
of
wha
t is
con
side
red
in m
akin
g de
cisi
ons
abou
t re
sour
ces
and
natu
ral s
yste
ms
and
how
tho
se fa
ctor
s in
fluen
ce d
ecis
ions
.
Rel
evan
t EE
I U
nit
s th
at c
an S
upp
ort
NG
SS
In
stru
ctio
n
Life
and
Dea
th w
ith
Dec
ompo
sers
blan
k
Mic
roor
gani
sms
and
th
e H
uman
Wor
ld
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
1637Appendix 22016 California Science Framework
and CA NAppropriat
GSS: Grade Fivee Alignments among Environmental Principles and Concepts (EP&Cs)
5-L
S1
FR
OM
MO
LEC
ULE
S T
O O
RG
AN
ISM
S:
ST
RU
CT
UR
ES
AN
D P
RO
CE
SS
ES
Per
form
ance
Ex
pect
atio
ns
5-L
S1
-1:
Supp
ort
an
argu
men
t th
at p
lant
s ge
t th
e m
ater
ials
the
y ne
ed
for
grow
th c
hief
ly fro
m a
ir an
d w
ater
. [C
lari
fica
tion
S
tate
men
t: E
mph
asis
is o
n th
e id
ea t
hat
pla
nt
mat
ter
com
es m
ostl
y fr
om a
ir a
nd
wat
er, n
ot f
rom
th
e so
il.]
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
EP
&C
s,
CC
Cs,
an
d S
EPs
Pri
nci
ple
IV T
he e
xcha
nge
of
mat
ter
betw
een
natu
ral s
yste
ms
and
hum
an s
ocie
ties
aff e
cts
the
long
-ter
m
func
tioni
ng o
f bo
th.
Cro
sscu
ttin
g C
once
pts
Ener
gy a
nd
Mat
ter
• M
atte
r is
tra
nspo
rted
into
, out
of,
and
with
in s
yste
ms.
(5-
LS1-
1)C
ause
an
d Ef
fect
• Ca
use
and
effe
ct r
elat
ions
hips
are
ro
utin
ely
iden
tified
, tes
ted,
and
use
d to
exp
lain
cha
nge.
(5-
PS1-
4)
Sci
ence
an
d En
gin
eeri
ng
Pra
ctic
es
Enga
gin
g in
Arg
um
ent
from
Ev
iden
ce•
Supp
ort
an a
rgum
ent
with
evi
denc
e,
data
, or
a m
odel
. (5-
LS1-
1)
Cla
rifi
cati
ons
and
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
DC
Is a
nd
EP&
Cs
Dis
cipl
inar
y C
ore
Idea
s
As s
tude
nts
lear
n th
at:
LS1
.C:
Org
aniz
atio
n f
or M
atte
r an
d En
ergy
Flo
w in
Org
anis
ms
Plan
ts a
cqui
re t
heir
mat
eria
l for
gr
owth
chi
efly
fro
m a
ir an
d w
ater
. (5
-LS1
-1)
Envi
ron
men
tal P
rin
cipl
es a
nd
Con
cept
(s)
Stud
ents
sho
uld
be d
evel
opin
g an
un
ders
tand
ing
that
:P
rin
cipl
e IV
Con
cept
a:
The
effe
cts
of h
uman
act
iviti
es o
n na
tura
l sys
tem
s ar
e di
rect
ly r
elat
ed t
o th
e qu
antit
ies
of r
esou
rces
con
sum
ed a
nd t
o th
e qu
antit
y an
d ch
arac
teris
tics
of t
he
resu
lting
byp
rodu
cts.
Rel
evan
t EE
I U
nit
s th
at c
an S
upp
ort
NG
SS
In
stru
ctio
n
Plan
ts:
The
Ulti
mat
e En
ergy
Res
ourc
e
The
Flow
of
Ener
gy
Thro
ugh
Ecos
yste
ms
Life
and
Dea
th w
ith
Dec
ompo
sers
1638
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
Appendix 2 2016 California Science Framework
5-L
S2
EC
OS
YS
TE
MS
: IN
TE
RA
CT
ION
S,
EN
ER
GY
, A
ND
DY
NA
MIC
S
Per
form
ance
Ex
pect
atio
ns
5-LS
1-2:
Dev
elop
a
mod
el t
o de
scrib
e th
e m
ovem
ent
of
mat
ter
amon
g pl
ants
, an
imal
s, d
ecom
pose
rs,
and
the
envi
ronm
ent.
[C
lari
fica
tion
Sta
tem
ent:
Em
phas
is is
on
the
idea
th
at m
atte
r th
at
is n
ot f
ood
(air
, wat
er,
deco
mp
osed
mat
eria
ls in
so
il) is
ch
ange
d by
pla
nts
in
to m
atte
r th
at is
foo
d.
Exam
ple
s of
sys
tem
s co
uld
incl
ude
org
anis
ms,
ec
osys
tem
s, a
nd
the
Eart
h.]
[A
sses
smen
t B
ound
ary:
Ass
essm
ent
does
not
incl
ude
mol
ecul
ar e
xpla
nati
ons.
]
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
EP
&C
s,
CC
Cs,
an
d S
EPs
Pri
nci
ple
III
Nat
ural
sys
tem
s pr
ocee
d th
roug
h cy
cles
tha
t hu
man
s de
pend
upo
n,
bene
fit f
rom
, and
can
alte
r.P
rin
cipl
e IV
The
exc
hang
e of
mat
ter
betw
een
natu
ral s
yste
ms
and
hum
an
soci
etie
s af
fect
s th
e lo
ng-t
erm
func
tioni
ng
of b
oth.
Cro
sscu
ttin
g C
once
pts
Sys
tem
s an
d S
yste
m M
odel
s•
A sy
stem
can
be
desc
ribed
in t
erm
s of
its
com
pone
nts
and
thei
r in
tera
ctio
ns.
(5-L
S2-1
)En
ergy
an
d M
atte
r•
Mat
ter
is t
rans
port
ed in
to, o
ut o
f, an
d w
ithin
sys
tem
s. (
5-LS
1-1)
Sci
ence
an
d En
gin
eeri
ng
Pra
ctic
es
Dev
elop
ing
and
Usi
ng
Mod
els
• D
evel
op a
mod
el t
o de
scrib
e ph
enom
ena.
(5-
LS2-
1)
Con
nec
tion
s to
Nat
ure
of
Sci
ence
Sci
ence
Mod
els,
Law
s, M
ech
anis
ms,
an
d Th
eori
es E
xpla
in N
atu
ral
Ph
enom
ena
• Sc
ienc
e ex
plan
atio
ns d
escr
ibe
the
mec
hani
sms
for
natu
ral e
vent
s. (
5-LS
2-1)
Cla
rifi
cati
ons
and
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
DC
Is a
nd
EP&
Cs
Dis
cipl
inar
y C
ore
Idea
s
As s
tude
nts
lear
n th
at:
LS2
.A:
Inte
rdep
ende
nt
Rel
atio
nsh
ips
in E
cosy
stem
s T
he fo
od o
f al
mos
t an
y ki
nd o
f an
imal
can
be
trac
ed b
ack
to p
lant
s;
orga
nism
s ar
e re
late
d in
food
web
s in
whi
ch
som
e an
imal
s ea
t pl
ants
for
food
and
oth
er
anim
als
eat
the
anim
als
that
eat
pla
nts;
som
e or
gani
sms,
suc
h as
fung
i and
bac
teria
, bre
ak
dow
n de
ad o
rgan
ism
s (b
oth
plan
ts o
r pl
ant
part
s an
d an
imal
s) a
nd t
here
fore
ope
rate
as
“dec
ompo
sers
”; d
ecom
posi
tion
even
tual
ly
rest
ores
(re
cycl
es)
som
e m
ater
ials
bac
k to
the
soi
l; or
gani
sms
can
surv
ive
only
in
envi
ronm
ents
in w
hich
the
ir pa
rtic
ular
nee
ds
are
met
; a
heal
thy
ecos
yste
m is
one
in w
hich
m
ultip
le s
peci
es o
f di
ffere
nt t
ypes
are
eac
h ab
le t
o m
eet
thei
r ne
eds
in a
rel
ativ
ely
stab
le
web
of
life;
and
new
ly in
trod
uced
spe
cies
ca
n da
mag
e th
e ba
lanc
e of
an
ecos
yste
m.
(5-L
S2-1
)LS
2.B
: C
ycle
s of
Mat
ter
and
Ener
gy
Tran
sfer
in E
cosy
stem
s M
atte
r cy
cles
be
twee
n th
e ai
r an
d so
il an
d am
ong
plan
ts,
anim
als,
and
mic
robe
s as
the
se o
rgan
ism
s liv
e an
d di
e; o
rgan
ism
s ob
tain
gas
es, w
ater
, an
d so
lids
from
the
env
ironm
ent,
and
rel
ease
w
aste
mat
ter
(gas
, liq
uid,
or
solid
) ba
ck in
to
the
envi
ronm
ent.
(5-
LS2-
1)
R
elev
ant
EEI
Un
its
that
can
Su
ppor
t N
GS
S I
nst
ruct
ion
Plan
ts:
The
Ulti
mat
e En
ergy
Res
ourc
e
The
Flow
of
Ener
gy
Thro
ugh
Ecos
yste
ms
Life
and
Dea
th w
ith
Dec
ompo
sers
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
1639Appendix 22016 California Science Framework
Envi
ron
men
tal P
rin
cipl
es a
nd
Con
cept
(s)
blan
k
5-L
S2
EC
OS
YS
TE
MS
: IN
TE
RA
CT
ION
S,
EN
ER
GY
, A
ND
DY
NA
MIC
S
blan
kbl
ank
blan
kbl
ank
Stud
ents
sho
uld
be d
evel
opin
g an
un
ders
tand
ing
that
:P
rin
cipl
e IV
Con
cept
a:
The
effe
cts
of h
uman
act
iviti
es o
n na
tur a
l sys
tem
s ar
e di
rect
ly r
elat
ed t
o th
e qu
antit
ies
of
reso
urce
s co
nsum
ed a
nd t
o th
e qu
antit
y an
d ch
arac
teris
tics
of t
he r
esul
ting
bypr
oduc
ts.
Pri
nci
ple
IV C
once
pt b
: Th
e by
prod
ucts
of
hum
an a
ctiv
ity a
re n
ot r
eadi
ly p
reve
nted
fr
om e
nter
ing
natu
ral s
yste
ms
and
may
be
bene
ficia
l, ne
utra
l, or
det
rimen
tal i
n th
eir
effe
ct.
Pri
nci
ple
III
Con
cept
a:
Nat
ural
sys
tem
s pr
ocee
d th
roug
h cy
cles
and
pro
cess
es
that
are
req
uire
d fo
r th
eir
func
tioni
ng;
and
that
hum
an p
ract
ices
can
alte
r th
e cy
cles
an
d pr
oces
ses
that
ope
rate
with
in n
atur
al
syst
ems.
Pri
nci
ple
III
Con
cept
c:
Hum
an p
ract
ices
ca
n al
ter
the
cycl
es a
nd p
roce
sses
tha
t op
erat
e w
ithin
nat
ural
sys
tem
s.
blan
k
1640
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
Appendix 2 2016 California Science Framework
5-E
SS
2 E
AR
TH
’S S
YS
TE
MS
Per
form
ance
Exp
ecta
tion
s
5-E
SS2
-1:
Dev
elop
a m
odel
usi
ng
an e
xam
ple
to d
escr
ibe
way
s th
e ge
osph
ere,
bio
sphe
re, h
ydro
sphe
re,
and/
or a
tmos
pher
e in
tera
ct.
[Cla
rifi
cati
on S
tate
men
t: T
he
geo
sph
ere,
hyd
rosp
her
e (i
ncl
udi
ng
ice)
, atm
osp
her
e, a
nd
bio
sph
ere
are
each
a s
yste
m a
nd
each
sys
tem
is
a p
art
of t
he
wh
ole
Eart
h S
yste
m.
Exa
mp
les
cou
ld in
clu
de
the
infl
uen
ceof
th
e oc
ean
on
eco
syst
ems,
la
nd
form
sh
ape,
an
d cl
imat
e; t
he
infl
uen
ce o
f th
e at
mos
ph
ere
on
lan
dfo
rms
and
ecos
yste
ms
thro
ugh
wea
ther
an
d cl
imat
e; a
nd
the
infl
uen
ce o
f m
oun
tain
ran
ges
on
win
ds
and
clou
ds
in t
he
atm
osp
her
e.
The
geo
sph
ere,
hyd
rosp
her
e,
atm
osp
her
e, a
nd
bio
sph
ere
are
each
a s
yste
m.]
[A
sses
smen
t B
ound
ary:
Ass
essm
ent
is li
mit
ed t
o th
e in
tera
ctio
ns o
f tw
o sy
stem
s at
a
tim
e.]
5-ES
S2-2
: D
escr
ibe
and
grap
h th
e am
ount
s an
d pe
rcen
tage
s of
w
ater
and
fre
sh w
ater
in v
ario
us
rese
rvoi
rs t
o pr
ovid
e ev
iden
ce a
bout
th
e di
strib
utio
n of
wat
er o
n Ea
rth.
[A
sses
smen
t B
ound
ary:
Ass
essm
ent
is li
mit
ed t
o oc
eans
, lak
es, r
iver
s,
glac
iers
, gro
und
wat
er, a
nd p
olar
ic
e ca
ps, a
nd d
oes
not
incl
ude
the
atm
osph
ere.
]
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
EP
&C
s,
CC
Cs,
an
d S
EPs
Pri
nci
ple
III
Nat
ural
sys
tem
s pr
ocee
d th
roug
h cy
cles
tha
t
hum
ans
depe
nd u
pon,
ben
efit
from
an
d ca
n al
ter.
Cro
sscu
ttin
g C
once
pts
Sys
tem
s an
d S
yste
m M
odel
s•
A sy
stem
can
be
desc
ribed
in
te
rms
of it
s co
mpo
nent
s an
d th
eir
inte
ract
ions
. (5-
LS2-
1)C
ause
an
d Ef
fect
• Ca
use
and
effe
ct r
elat
ions
hips
are
rout
inel
y id
entifi
ed, t
este
d, a
nd
used
to
expl
ain
chan
ge. (
5-PS
1-4)
Sci
ence
an
d En
gin
eeri
ng
Pra
ctic
es
Dev
elop
ing
and
Usi
ng
Mod
els
• D
evel
op a
mod
el u
sing
an
exam
ple
to d
escr
ibe
a sc
ient
ific
prin
cipl
e. (
5-ES
S2-1
)U
sin
g M
ath
emat
ics
and
Com
puta
tion
al T
hin
kin
g•
Des
crib
e an
d gr
aph
quan
titie
s su
ch a
s ar
ea a
nd v
olum
e to
ad
dres
s sc
ient
ific
ques
tions
. (5
-ESS
2-2)
Cla
rifi
cati
ons
and
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
DC
Is a
nd
EP&
Cs
Dis
cipl
inar
y C
ore
Idea
s
As s
tude
nts
lear
n th
at:
ESS2
.A:
Eart
h M
ater
ials
and
Sy
stem
s Ea
rth’
s m
ajor
sys
tem
s ar
e th
e ge
osph
ere,
the
hyd
rosp
here
, the
at
mos
pher
e, a
nd t
he b
iosp
here
, the
se
syst
ems
inte
ract
in m
ultip
le w
ays
to
affe
ct E
arth
’s su
rfac
e m
ater
ials
and
pr
oces
ses,
the
oce
an s
uppo
rts
a va
riety
of
eco
syst
ems
and
orga
nism
s, s
hape
s la
ndfo
rms,
and
influ
ence
s cl
imat
e, a
nd
win
ds a
nd c
loud
s in
the
atm
osph
ere
inte
ract
with
the
land
form
s to
det
erm
ine
patt
erns
of
wea
ther
. (5-
ESS2
-1)
Envi
ron
men
tal P
rin
cipl
es a
nd
Con
cept
(s)
Stud
ents
sho
uld
be d
evel
opin
g an
un
ders
tand
ing
that
:P
rin
cipl
e II
I C
once
pt a
: N
atur
al
syst
ems
proc
eed
thro
ugh
cycl
es a
nd
proc
esse
s th
at a
re r
equi
red
for
thei
r fu
nctio
ning
.P
rin
cipl
e II
I C
once
pt b
: H
uman
pr
actic
es d
epen
d up
on a
nd b
enef
it fr
om
the
cycl
es a
nd p
roce
sses
tha
t op
erat
e w
ithin
nat
ural
sys
tem
s.P
rin
cipl
e II
I C
once
pt c
: H
uman
pr
actic
es c
an a
lter
the
cycl
es a
nd
proc
esse
s th
at o
pera
te w
ithin
nat
ural
sy
stem
s.
Rel
evan
t EE
I U
nit
s th
at c
an S
upp
ort
NG
SS
In
stru
ctio
n
Eart
h’s
Wat
er
Chan
ging
Sta
tes:
Wat
er,
Nat
ural
Sys
tem
s, a
nd
Hum
an C
omm
uniti
es
Prec
ipita
tion,
Peo
ple,
and
th
e N
atur
al W
orld
Our
Wat
er:
Sour
ces
an
d U
ses
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
1641Appendix 22016 California Science Framework
5-E
SS
3 E
AR
TH
AN
D H
UM
AN
AC
TIV
ITY
Per
form
ance
Ex
pect
atio
ns
5-E
SS
3-1
: O
btai
n an
d co
mbi
ne in
form
atio
n ab
out
way
s in
divi
dual
co
mm
uniti
es u
se s
cien
ceid
eas
to p
rote
ct t
he
Eart
h’s
reso
urce
s an
d en
viro
nmen
t.
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
EP
&C
s,
CC
Cs,
an
d S
EPs
Pri
nci
ple
II T
he lo
ng-t
erm
fu
nctio
ning
and
hea
lth o
f te
rres
tria
l, fr
eshw
ater
, coa
stal
and
mar
ine
ec
osys
tem
s ar
e in
fluen
ced
by t
heir
rela
tions
hips
with
hum
an s
ocie
ties.
Cro
sscu
ttin
g C
once
pts
Sys
tem
s an
d S
yste
m M
odel
s•
A sy
stem
can
be
desc
ribed
in
term
s of
its
com
pone
nts
and
thei
r in
tera
ctio
ns. (
5-ES
S3-1
)C
onn
ecti
ons
to N
atu
re o
f S
cien
ceS
cien
ce A
ddre
sses
Qu
esti
ons
Ab
out
the
Nat
ura
l an
d M
ater
ial
Wor
ld•
Scie
nce
findi
ngs
are
limite
d to
qu
estio
ns t
hat
can
be a
nsw
ered
with
em
piric
al e
vide
nce.
(5-
ESS3
-1)
Sci
ence
an
d En
gin
eeri
ng
Pra
ctic
es
Ob
tain
ing,
Eva
luat
ing,
an
d C
om-
mu
nic
atin
g In
form
atio
n•
Obt
ain
and
com
bine
info
rmat
ion
from
boo
ks a
nd/o
r ot
her
relia
ble
med
ia t
o ex
plai
n ph
enom
ena
or
solu
tions
to
a de
sign
pro
blem
. (5
-ESS
3-1)
Cla
rifi
cati
ons
and
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
DC
Is a
nd
EP&
Cs
Dis
cipl
inar
y C
ore
Idea
s
As s
tude
nts
lear
n th
at:
ESS
3.C
: H
um
an I
mpa
cts
on E
arth
Sys
tem
s H
uman
act
iviti
es in
agr
icul
ture
, ind
ustr
y, a
nd
ever
yday
life
hav
e ha
d m
ajor
effe
cts
on t
he la
nd,
vege
tatio
n, s
trea
ms,
oce
an, a
ir, a
nd e
ven
oute
r sp
ace,
but
indi
vidu
als
and
com
mun
ities
are
doi
ng
thin
gs t
o he
lp p
rote
ct E
arth
’s r
esou
rces
and
en
viro
nmen
ts. (
5-ES
S3-1
)
Envi
ron
men
tal P
rin
cipl
es a
nd
Con
cept
(s)
Stud
ents
sho
uld
be d
evel
opin
g an
und
erst
andi
ng
that
:P
rin
cipl
e II
Con
cept
a:
Dire
ct a
nd in
dire
ct
chan
ges
to n
atur
al s
yste
ms
due
to t
he g
row
th o
f hu
man
pop
ulat
ions
and
the
ir co
nsum
ptio
n ra
tes
influ
ence
the
geo
grap
hic
exte
nt, c
ompo
sitio
n,
biol
ogic
al d
iver
sity
, and
via
bilit
y of
nat
ural
sy
stem
s.P
rin
cipl
e II
Con
cept
b:
Met
hods
use
d to
ex
trac
t, h
arve
st, t
rans
port
and
con
sum
e na
tura
l re
sour
ces
influ
ence
the
geo
grap
hic
exte
nt,
com
posi
tion,
bio
logi
cal d
iver
sity
, and
via
bilit
y of
na
tura
l sys
tem
s.P
rin
cipl
e II
Con
cept
c:
The
expa
nsio
n an
d op
erat
ion
of h
uman
com
mun
ities
influ
ence
s th
e ge
ogra
phic
ext
ent,
com
posi
tion,
bio
logi
cal
dive
rsity
, and
via
bilit
y of
nat
ural
sys
tem
s.
Rel
evan
t EE
I U
nit
s th
at c
an S
upp
ort
NG
SS
In
stru
ctio
n
Eart
h’s
Wat
er
Chan
ging
Sta
tes:
Wat
er,
Nat
ural
Sys
tem
s, a
nd
Hum
an C
omm
uniti
es
Prec
ipita
tion,
Peo
ple,
an
d th
e N
atur
al W
orld
Our
Wat
er:
Sour
ces
and
Use
s
Life
and
Dea
th w
ith
Dec
ompo
sers
1642
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
Appendix 2 2016 California Science Framework
5-P
S3
EN
ER
GY
Per
form
ance
Ex
pect
atio
ns
5-P
S3-1
: U
se m
odel
s to
desc
ribe
that
ene
rgy
in
anim
als’
food
(us
ed fo
r bo
dy r
epai
r, gr
owth
, m
otio
n, a
nd t
o m
aint
ain
body
war
mth
) w
as o
nce
ener
gy fro
m t
he s
un.
[Cla
rifi
cati
on S
tate
men
t:
Exam
ple
s of
mod
els
cou
ld
incl
ude
dia
gram
s, a
nd
flow
ch
arts
.]
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
EP&
Cs,
CC
Cs,
an
d S
EPs
P
rin
cipl
e II
The
long
-ter
m
func
tioni
ng a
nd h
ealth
of
ter-
r est
rial,
fres
hwat
er, c
oast
al a
nd
mar
ine
ecos
yste
ms
are
influ
-en
ced
by t
heir
rela
tions
hips
w
ith h
uman
soc
ietie
s.
Cro
sscu
ttin
g C
once
pts
Ener
gy a
nd
Mat
ter
• En
ergy
can
be
tran
sfer
red
in
vario
us w
ays
and
betw
een
obje
cts.
(5-
PS3-
1)
Sci
ence
an
d En
gin
eeri
ng
Pra
ctic
es
Dev
elop
ing
and
Usi
ng
Mod
els
• U
se m
odel
s to
des
crib
e ph
enom
ena.
(5-
PS3-
1)
Cla
rifi
cati
ons
and
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
D
CIs
an
d EP
&C
s
Dis
cipl
inar
y C
ore
Idea
s
As s
tude
nts
lear
n th
at:
PS
3.D
: En
ergy
in C
hem
ical
Pro
cess
es a
nd
Ever
yday
Lif
e En
ergy
rel
ease
d [f
rom
] fo
od w
as o
nce
ener
gy fro
m t
he s
un t
hat
was
cap
ture
d by
pla
nts
in t
he
chem
ical
pro
cess
tha
t fo
rms
plan
t m
atte
r (f
rom
air
and
wat
er).
(5-
PS3-
1)b
Seco
ndar
y D
CI(
s)LS
1.C
: O
rgan
izat
ion
for
Mat
ter
and
Ener
gy F
low
in
Org
anis
ms
Food
pro
vide
s an
imal
s w
ith t
he m
ater
ials
th
ey n
eed
f or
body
rep
air
and
grow
th a
nd t
he e
nerg
y th
ey n
eed
to m
aint
ain
body
war
mth
and
for
mot
ion.
(s
econ
dary
to
5-PS
3-1)
Envi
ron
men
tal P
rin
cipl
es a
nds
Con
cept
(s)
Stud
ents
sho
uld
be d
evel
opin
g an
und
erst
andi
ng t
hat:
Pri
nci
ple
II C
once
pt a
: D
irect
and
indi
rect
cha
nges
to
natu
ral s
yste
ms
due
to t
he g
row
th o
f hu
man
pop
ulat
ions
an
d th
eir
cons
umpt
ion
rate
s in
fluen
ce t
he g
eogr
aphi
c ex
tent
, com
posi
tion,
bio
logi
cal d
iver
sity
, and
via
bilit
y of
na
tura
l sys
tem
s.P
rin
cipl
e I
Con
cept
a:
The
good
s pr
oduc
ed b
y na
tura
l sy
stem
s ar
e es
sent
ial t
o hu
man
life
and
to
the
func
tioni
ng
of o
ur e
cono
mie
s an
d cu
lture
s.P
rin
cipl
e I
Con
cept
b:
The
ecos
yste
m s
ervi
ces
prov
ided
by
natu
ral s
yste
ms
are
esse
ntia
l to
hum
an li
fe
and
to t
he fu
nctio
ning
of
our
econ
omie
s an
d cu
lture
s.
Rel
evan
t EE
I U
nit
s th
at c
an S
upp
ort
NG
SS
In
stru
ctio
n
Plan
ts:
The
Ulti
mat
e En
ergy
Res
ourc
e
The
Flow
of
Ener
gy
Thr o
ugh
Ecos
yste
ms
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
1643Appendix 22016 California Science Framework
3–
5-E
TS
1 E
NG
INE
ER
ING
DE
SIG
N
Per
form
ance
Ex
pect
atio
ns
3–
5-E
TS1
-2:
Gen
erat
e an
d co
mpa
re m
ultip
le
poss
ible
sol
utio
ns t
o a
prob
lem
bas
ed o
n ho
w w
ell e
ach
is li
kely
to
mee
t th
e cr
iteria
an
d co
nstr
aint
s of
the
pr
oble
m.
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
EP
&C
s, C
CC
s,
and
SEP
s
Pri
nci
ple
V D
ecis
ions
affe
ctin
g re
sour
ces
and
natu
ral s
yste
ms
are
base
d on
a w
ide
rang
e of
con
side
ratio
ns a
nd
deci
sion
-mak
ing
proc
esse
s.
Cro
sscu
ttin
g C
once
pts
Con
nec
tion
s to
En
gin
eeri
ng,
Te
chn
olog
y, a
nd
App
licat
ion
s
of S
cien
ce
Infl
uen
ce o
f En
gin
eeri
ng,
Te
chn
olog
y, a
nd
Sci
ence
on
Soc
iety
an
d th
e N
atu
ral W
orld
• Pe
ople
’s ne
eds
and
wan
ts c
hang
e ov
er
time,
as
do t
heir
dem
ands
for
new
and
im
prov
ed t
echn
olog
ies.
(3–
5-ET
S1-1
)•
Engi
neer
s im
prov
e ex
istin
g te
chno
logi
esor
dev
elop
new
one
s to
incr
ease
the
ir be
nefit
s, d
ecre
ase
know
n ris
ks, a
nd
mee
t so
ciet
al d
eman
ds. (
3–5-
ETS-
2)
Sci
ence
an
d En
gin
eeri
ng
Pra
ctic
es
Con
stru
ctin
g Ex
plan
atio
ns
and
Des
ign
ing
Sol
uti
ons
• G
ener
ate
and
com
pare
mul
tiple
sol
u-tio
ns t
o a
prob
lem
bas
ed o
n ho
w w
ell
they
mee
t th
e cr
iteria
and
con
stra
ints
of
the
desi
gn p
robl
em. (
3–5-
ETS1
-2)
Cla
rifi
cati
ons
and
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
DC
Is a
nd
EP&
Cs
Dis
cipl
inar
y C
ore
Idea
s
As s
tude
nts
lear
n th
at:
ETS
1.C
: O
ptim
izin
g th
e D
esig
n S
olu
tion
D
iffer
ent
solu
tions
nee
d to
be
test
ed t
o de
term
ine
whi
ch o
f th
em b
est
solv
es t
he
prob
lem
, giv
en t
he c
riter
ia a
nd t
he
cons
trai
nts.
(3
5-ET
S1-3
)ET
S1
.B:
Dev
elop
ing
Pos
sib
le S
olu
tion
s Re
sear
ch o
n a
prob
lem
sho
uld
be c
arrie
d ou
t be
fore
beg
inni
ng t
o de
sign
a s
olut
ion.
Tes
ting
a so
lutio
n in
volv
es in
vest
igat
ing
how
wel
l it
perf
orm
s un
der
a ra
nge
of li
kely
con
ditio
ns.
(3–5
-ETS
1-2)
b
ETS
1.B
: At
wha
teve
r st
age,
com
mun
icat
ing
with
pee
rs a
bout
pro
pose
d so
lutio
ns is
an
impo
rtan
t pa
rt o
f th
e de
sign
pro
cess
, and
sh
ared
idea
s ca
n le
ad t
o im
prov
ed d
esig
ns.
(3–5
-ETS
1-2)
Envi
ron
men
tal P
rin
cipl
es a
nd
Con
cept
(s)
Stud
ents
sho
uld
be d
evel
opin
g an
un
ders
tand
ing
that
:P
rin
cipl
e V
Con
cept
a:
The
spec
trum
of
wha
t is
con
side
red
in m
akin
g de
cisi
ons
abou
t re
sour
ces
and
natu
ral s
yste
ms
and
how
tho
se
fact
ors
influ
ence
dec
isio
ns.
R
elev
ant
EEI
Un
its
that
can
Su
ppor
t N
GS
S I
nst
ruct
ion
Eart
h’s
Wat
er
Chan
ging
Sta
tes:
Wat
er,
Nat
ural
Sys
tem
s, a
nd
Hum
an C
omm
uniti
es
Prec
ipita
tion,
Peo
ple,
an
d th
e N
atur
al W
orld
Our
Wat
er:
Sour
ces
and
Use
s
1644
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
Appendix 2 2016 California Science Framework
and CA NAppropriat
GSS: Grades Six,e Alignment
Seven and Eights among Environmental Principles and Concepts (EP&Cs)
MS
-LS
1 F
RO
M M
OLE
CU
LES
TO
OR
GA
NIS
MS
: S
TR
UC
TU
RE
S A
ND
PR
OC
ES
SE
S
Per
form
ance
Ex
pect
atio
ns
MS-
LS1-
4: U
se a
rgum
ents
ba
sed
on e
mpi
rical
evi
denc
e an
d sc
ient
ific
reas
onin
g to
su
ppor
t an
exp
lana
tion
for
how
cha
ract
eris
tic a
nim
al
beha
vior
s an
d sp
ecia
lized
pl
ant
stru
ctur
es a
ffect
the
pr
obab
ility
of s
ucce
ssfu
l rep
ro-
duct
ion
of a
nim
als
and
plan
ts
resp
ectiv
ely.
[C
lari
fica
tion
S
tate
men
t: E
xam
ple
s of
beh
av-
iors
th
at a
ffec
t th
e pr
obab
ility
of
an
imal
rep
rodu
ctio
n co
uld
in
clu
de n
est
bu
ildin
g to
pro
-te
ct y
oun
g fr
om c
old,
her
din
g of
an
imal
s to
pro
tect
you
ng
from
pre
dato
rs, a
nd
voca
liza-
tion
of
anim
als
and
colo
rfu
l p
lum
age
to a
ttra
ct m
ates
for
b
reed
ing.
Exa
mp
les
of a
ni-
mal
beh
avio
rs t
hat
aff
ect
the
prob
abili
ty o
f p
lan
t re
prod
uc-
tion
cou
ld in
clu
de t
ran
sfer
rin
g p
olle
n or
see
ds;
an
d, c
reat
ing
con
diti
ons
for
seed
ger
min
a-ti
on a
nd
grow
th. E
xam
ple
s of
p
lan
t st
ruct
ure
s co
uld
incl
ude
b
righ
t fl
ower
s at
trac
tin
g b
ut-
terf
lies
that
tra
nsf
er p
olle
n,
flow
er n
ecta
r an
d od
ors
that
at
trac
t in
sect
s th
at t
ran
sfer
p
olle
n, a
nd
har
d sh
ells
on
nu
ts
that
squ
irre
ls b
ury
.]
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
EP
&C
s, C
CC
s,
and
SEP
s
Pri
ncip
le I
I: T
he lo
ng-t
erm
func
tioni
ng
and
heal
th o
f ter
rest
rial,
fres
hwat
er, c
oast
al
and
mar
ine
ecos
yste
ms
are
influ
ence
d by
th
eir
rela
tions
hips
with
hum
an s
ocie
ties.
Pri
nci
ple
IV:
The
exch
ange
of
mat
ter
betw
een
natu
ral s
yste
ms
and
hum
an
soci
etie
s af
fect
s th
e lo
ng-t
erm
fun
ctio
ning
of
bot
h.
Cro
sscu
ttin
g C
once
pts
Cau
se a
nd
Effe
ct•
Phen
omen
a m
ay h
ave
mor
e th
an o
ne
caus
e, a
nd s
ome
caus
e an
d ef
fect
re
latio
nshi
ps in
sys
tem
s ca
n on
ly b
e de
scrib
ed u
sing
pro
babi
lity.
(M
S-LS
1-4)
(M
S-LS
1-5)
Sys
tem
s an
d S
yste
m M
odel
s•
Syst
ems
may
inte
ract
with
oth
er s
yste
ms;
th
ey m
ay h
ave
sub-
syst
ems
and
be a
par
t of
larg
er c
ompl
ex s
yste
ms.
(M
S-LS
1-3)
Ener
gy a
nd
Mat
ter
• W
ithin
a n
atur
al s
yste
m, t
he t
rans
fer
of
ener
gy d
rives
the
mot
ion
and/
or c
yclin
g of
mat
ter.
(MS-
LS1-
6)
ank
Sci
ence
an
d En
gin
eeri
ng
Pra
ctic
es
Con
stru
ctin
g Ex
plan
atio
ns
and
Des
ign
ing
Sol
uti
ons
• Co
nstr
uct
a sc
ient
ific
expl
anat
ion
base
d on
val
id a
nd r
elia
ble
evid
ence
obt
aine
d
blan
k
Cla
rifi
cati
ons
and
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
DC
Is a
nd
EP&
Cs
Dis
cipl
inar
y C
ore
Idea
s
As s
tude
nts
lear
n th
at:
LS1.
B:
Gro
wth
and
Dev
elop
men
t of
Org
anis
ms
Anim
als
enga
ge in
ch
arac
teris
tic b
ehav
iors
tha
t in
crea
se
the
odds
of
r epr
oduc
tion.
(M
S-LS
1-4)
LS1
.B:
Gen
etic
fact
ors
as w
ell a
s lo
cal c
ondi
tions
affe
ct t
he g
row
th o
f th
e ad
ult
plan
t. (
MS-
LS1-
5)LS
1.C
: O
rgan
izat
ion
for
Mat
ter
and
Ener
gy F
low
in O
rgan
ism
s Pl
ants
, alg
ae (
incl
udin
g ph
ytop
lank
-to
n), a
nd m
any
mic
roor
gani
sms
use
the
ener
gy fro
m li
ght
to m
ake
suga
rs
(foo
d) fro
m c
arbo
n di
oxid
e fr
om t
he
atm
osph
ere
and
wat
er t
hrou
gh t
he
proc
ess
of p
hoto
synt
hesi
s, w
hich
al
so r
elea
ses
oxyg
en. T
hese
sug
ars
can
be u
sed
imm
edia
tely
or
stor
ed
for
grow
th o
r la
ter
use.
(M
S-LS
1-6)
b
LS1
.C:
With
in in
divi
dual
org
anis
ms,
fo
od m
oves
thr
ough
a s
erie
s of
ch
emic
al r
eact
ions
in w
hich
it is
br
oken
dow
n an
d re
arra
nged
to
form
ne
w m
olec
ules
, to
supp
ort
grow
th, o
r bl
to r
elea
se e
nerg
y. (
MS-
LS1-
7)Se
cond
ary
DCI(
s)P
S3
.D:
Ener
gy in
Ch
emic
al
Pro
cess
es a
nd
Ever
yday
Lif
e Th
e ch
emic
al r
eact
ion
by w
hich
pla
nts
Rel
evan
t EE
I U
nit
s th
at c
an
Su
ppor
t N
GS
S In
stru
ctio
n
Ener
gy:
Pass
It
On!
Shap
ing
Nat
ural
Sy
stem
s th
roug
h Ev
olut
ion
Resp
ondi
ng t
o En
viro
nmen
tal
Chan
ge
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
1645Appendix 22016 California Science Framework
MS
-LS
1 F
RO
M M
OLE
CU
LES
TO
OR
GA
NIS
MS
: S
TR
UC
TU
RE
S A
ND
PR
OC
ES
SE
S
MS
-LS
1-5
: Co
nstr
uct
a sc
ient
ific
expl
anat
ion
base
d on
evi
denc
e fo
r ho
w e
nviro
nmen
tal a
nd g
enet
ic
fact
ors
influ
ence
the
gro
wth
of
orga
nism
s. [
Cla
rifi
cati
on S
tate
men
t:
Exam
ple
s of
loca
l env
iron
men
tal
con
diti
ons
cou
ld in
clu
de a
vaila
bili
ty
of f
ood,
ligh
t, s
pac
e, a
nd
wat
er.
Exam
ple
s of
gen
etic
fac
tors
cou
ld
incl
ude
larg
e b
reed
cat
tle
and
spec
ies
of g
rass
aff
ecti
ng
grow
th o
f or
gan
ism
s. E
xam
ple
s of
evi
den
ce
cou
ld in
clu
de d
rou
ght
decr
easi
ng
pla
nt
grow
th, f
erti
lizer
incr
easi
ng
pla
nt
grow
th, d
iffe
ren
t va
riet
ies
of
pla
nt
seed
s gr
owin
g at
dif
fere
nt
rate
s in
dif
fere
nt
con
diti
ons,
an
d fi
sh
grow
ing
larg
er in
larg
e p
ond
s th
an
they
do
in s
mal
l pon
ds.
] [A
sses
smen
t B
ound
ary:
Ass
essm
ent
does
not
in
clud
e ge
neti
c m
echa
nism
s, g
ene
regu
lati
on, o
r bi
oche
mic
al
proc
esse
s.]
MS
-LS
1-6
: Co
nstr
uct
a sc
ient
ific
expl
anat
ion
base
d on
evi
denc
e fo
r th
e ro
le o
f ph
otos
ynth
esis
in
the
cycl
ing
of m
atte
r an
d flo
w o
f en
ergy
into
and
out
of
orga
nism
s.
[Cla
rifi
cati
on S
tate
men
t: E
mph
asis
is
on
trac
ing
mov
emen
t of
mat
ter
and
flow
of
ener
gy.]
[A
sses
smen
t B
ound
ary:
Ass
essm
ent
does
not
in
clud
e th
e bi
oche
mic
al m
echa
nism
s of
pho
tosy
nthe
sis.
]
from
sou
rces
(in
clud
ing
the
stud
ents
’ ow
nex
perim
ents
) an
d th
e as
sum
ptio
n th
at
theo
ries
and
law
s th
at d
escr
ibe
the
nat-
ural
wor
ld o
pera
te t
oday
as
they
did
in
the
past
and
will
con
tinue
to
do s
o in
the
fu
ture
. (M
S-LS
1-5)
(M
S-LS
1-6)
Enga
gin
g in
Arg
um
ent
from
Evi
den
ce•
Use
ora
l and
writ
ten
argu
men
ts
supp
orte
d by
em
piric
al e
vide
nce
and
scie
ntifi
c re
ason
ing
to s
uppo
rt o
r re
fute
an
expl
anat
ion
or a
mod
el fo
r a
phen
omen
on o
r a
solu
tion
to a
pro
blem
. (M
S-LS
1-4)
Con
stru
ctin
g Ex
plan
atio
ns
and
Des
ign
ing
Solu
tion
s•
Cons
truc
t a
scie
ntifi
c ex
plan
atio
n ba
sed
on v
alid
and
rel
iabl
e ev
iden
ce o
btai
ned
from
sou
rces
(in
clud
ing
the
stud
ents
’ ow
n ex
perim
ents
) an
d th
e as
sum
ptio
n th
at t
heor
ies
and
law
s th
at d
escr
ibe
the
natu
ral w
orld
ope
rate
tod
ay a
s th
ey d
id
in t
he p
ast
and
will
con
tinue
to
do s
o in
th
e fu
ture
. (M
S-LS
1-6)
Con
nect
ions
to
Nat
ure
of S
cien
ce
Scie
nti
fic
Kn
owle
dge
is B
ased
on
Empi
rica
l Evi
den
ce•
Scie
nce
know
ledg
e is
bas
ed u
pon
logi
cal
conn
ectio
ns b
etw
een
evid
ence
and
ex
plan
atio
ns. (M
S-LS
1-6)
prod
uce
com
plex
food
mol
ecul
es
blan
(sug
ars)
req
uire
s an
ene
rgy
inpu
t (i.
e., f
rom
sun
light
) to
occ
ur. I
n th
is r
eact
ion,
car
bon
diox
ide
and
wat
er c
ombi
ne t
o fo
rm c
arbo
n-ba
sed
orga
nic
mol
ecul
es a
nd r
elea
se
oxyg
en. (
seco
ndar
y to
MS-
LS1-
6)
k
Envi
ron
men
tal P
rin
cipl
es a
nd
Con
cept
(s)
Stud
ents
sho
uld
be d
evel
opin
g an
un
ders
tand
ing
that
:P
rin
cipl
e II
Con
cept
c:
The
expa
nsio
n an
d op
erat
ion
of
hum
an c
omm
uniti
es in
fluen
ces
the
geog
raph
ic e
xten
t, c
ompo
sitio
n,
biol
ogic
al d
iver
sity
, and
via
bilit
y of
bl
natu
ral s
yste
ms.
(LS
1.B)
Pri
nci
ple
IV C
once
pt b
: Th
e by
prod
ucts
of
hum
an a
ctiv
ity a
re
not
read
ily p
reve
nted
fro
m e
nter
ing
natu
ral s
yste
ms
and
may
be
bene
ficia
l, ne
utra
l, or
det
rimen
tal i
n th
eir
effe
ct. (
LS1.
B)
blan
k
ank
blan
k
1646
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
Appendix 2 2016 California Science Framework
MS
-LS
2 E
CO
SY
ST
EM
S:
INT
ER
AC
TIO
NS
, E
NE
RG
Y,
AN
D D
YN
AM
ICS
Per
form
ance
Ex
pect
atio
ns
MS-
LS2-
1: A
naly
ze a
nd
inte
rpre
t da
ta t
o pr
ovid
e ev
iden
ce fo
r th
e ef
fect
s of
res
ourc
e av
aila
bilit
y on
or
gani
sms
and
popu
la-
tions
of o
rgan
ism
s in
an
ecos
yste
m. [
Cla
rifi
cati
on
Sta
tem
ent:
Em
phas
is is
on
cau
se a
nd
effe
ct r
elat
ion
-sh
ips
bet
wee
n re
sour
ces
and
grow
th o
f in
divi
dual
org
an-
ism
s an
d th
e nu
mb
ers
of
orga
nism
s in
eco
syst
ems
duri
ng
peri
ods
of a
bun
dan
t an
d sc
arce
res
ourc
es.]
MS-
LS2-
3: D
evel
op a
m
odel
to
desc
ribe
the
cycl
ing
of m
atte
r an
d flo
w
of e
nerg
y am
ong
livin
g an
d no
nliv
ing
part
s of
an
ecos
yste
m. [
Cla
rifi
cati
on
Sta
tem
ent:
Em
phas
is is
on
desc
ribi
ng
the
con
serv
atio
n of
mat
ter
and
flow
of
ener
gy
into
an
d ou
t of
var
iou
s ec
o-sy
stem
s, a
nd
on d
efin
ing
the
bou
nda
ries
of
the
syst
em.]
[A
sses
smen
t B
ound
ary:
A
sses
smen
t do
es n
ot in
clud
e th
e us
e of
che
mic
al r
eact
ions
to d
escr
ibe
the
proc
esse
s.]
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
EP
&C
s, C
CC
s,
and
SEP
s
Pri
nci
ple
I Th
e co
ntin
uatio
n an
d he
alth
of
indi
vidu
al h
uman
live
s an
d of
hum
an c
om-
mun
ities
and
soc
ietie
s de
pend
on
the
heal
th
of t
he n
atur
al s
yste
ms
that
pro
vide
ess
entia
l go
ods
and
ecos
yste
m s
ervi
ces.
Pri
nci
ple
II T
he lo
ng-t
erm
func
tioni
ng a
nd
heal
th o
f te
rres
tria
l, fr
eshw
ater
, coa
stal
and
m
arin
e ec
osys
tem
s ar
e in
fluen
ced
by t
heir
rela
tions
hips
with
hum
an s
ocie
ties.
P
rin
cipl
e II
I N
atur
al s
yste
ms
proc
eed
thro
ugh
cycl
es t
hat
hum
ans
depe
nd u
pon,
be
nefit
fro
m a
nd c
an a
lter.
Pri
nci
ple
IV T
he e
xcha
nge
of m
atte
r be
twee
n na
tura
l sys
tem
s an
d hu
man
soc
ietie
s af
fect
s th
e lo
ng-t
erm
func
tioni
ng o
f bo
th.
Pri
nci
ple
V D
ecis
ions
affe
ctin
g re
sour
ces
and
natu
ral s
yste
ms
are
base
d on
a w
ide
rang
e of
co
nsid
erat
ions
and
dec
isio
n-m
akin
g pr
oces
ses.
Cro
sscu
ttin
g C
once
pts
Pat
tern
s•
Patt
erns
can
be
used
to
iden
tify
caus
e an
d ef
fect
rel
atio
nshi
ps. (
MS-
LS2-
2)C
ause
an
d Ef
fect
• Ca
use
and
effe
ct r
elat
ions
hips
may
be
used
to
pre
dict
phe
nom
ena
in n
atur
al o
r de
sign
ed
syst
ems.
(M
S-LS
2-1)
Ener
gy a
nd
Mat
ter
• Th
e tr
ansf
er o
f en
ergy
can
be
trac
ked
as
ener
gy fl
ows
thro
ugh
a na
tura
l sys
tem
.
(MS-
LS2-
3)
Cla
rifi
cati
ons
and
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
DC
Is a
nd
EP&
Cs
Dis
cipl
inar
y C
ore
Idea
s
As s
tude
nts
lear
n th
at:
LS2
.A:
Inte
rdep
ende
nt
Rel
atio
nsh
ips
in E
cosy
stem
s
Org
anis
ms,
and
pop
ulat
ions
of
orga
nism
s, a
re d
epen
dent
on
thei
r en
viro
nmen
tal i
nter
actio
ns b
oth
with
ot
her
livin
g th
ings
and
with
non
livin
g fa
ctor
s. (
MS-
LS2-
1) *
**Su
pple
men
tal
DCI
PS1
.BLS
2.B
: C
ycle
of
Mat
ter
and
Ener
gy
Tran
sfer
in E
cosy
stem
s …
Tra
nsfe
rs
of m
atte
r in
to a
nd o
ut o
f th
e ph
ysic
al
envi
ronm
ent
occu
r at
eve
ry le
vel…
The
at
oms
that
mak
e up
the
org
anis
ms
in
an e
cosy
stem
are
cyc
led
repe
ated
ly
betw
een
the
livin
g an
d no
nliv
ing
part
s of
the
eco
syst
em. (
MS-
LS2-
3)
***S
uppl
emen
tal D
CI P
S1.B
, ESS
2.A
LS2
.C:
Ecos
yste
m D
ynam
ics,
Fu
nct
ion
ing,
an
d R
esili
ence
D
isru
ptio
ns t
o an
y ph
ysic
al o
r bi
olog
ical
co
mpo
nent
of
an e
cosy
stem
can
le
ad t
o sh
ifts
in a
ll its
pop
ulat
ions
. (M
S-LS
2-4)
Seco
ndar
y D
CI(
s)LS
2.D
: B
iodi
vers
ity
and
Hu
man
s O
rgan
ism
s, a
nd p
opul
atio
ns o
f or
gani
sms,
are
dep
ende
nt o
n th
eir
envi
ronm
enta
l int
erac
tions
bot
h w
ith
othe
r liv
ing
thin
gs a
nd w
ith n
onliv
ing
fact
ors.
(M
S-LS
2-1)
***
Supp
lem
enta
l D
CI P
S1.B
Rel
evan
t EE
I U
nit
s th
at c
an S
upp
ort
NG
SS
In
stru
ctio
n
Ener
gy:
Pass
It
On!
Shap
ing
Nat
ural
Sy
stem
s th
roug
h Ev
olut
ion
Resp
ondi
ng t
o En
viro
nmen
tal
Chan
ge
Play
ing
the
Sam
e Ro
le
Extin
ctio
n: P
ast
and
Pres
ent
The
Flow
of
Ener
gy
thro
ugh
Ecos
yste
ms
Prec
ipita
tion,
Peo
ple
and
the
Nat
ural
Wor
ld
Ener
gy a
nd
Mat
eria
l Res
ourc
es:
Rene
wab
le o
r N
ot?
Mad
e fr
om E
arth
: H
ow N
atur
al
Reso
urce
s Be
com
e Th
ings
We
Use
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
1647Appendix 22016 California Science Framework
MS
-LS
2 E
CO
SY
ST
EM
S:
INT
ER
AC
TIO
NS
, E
NE
RG
Y,
AN
D D
YN
AM
ICS
MS-
LS2-
4: C
onst
ruct
an
argu
men
t su
ppor
ted
by
empi
rical
evi
denc
e th
at
chan
ges
to p
hysi
cal o
r bi
olog
ical
com
pone
nts
of a
n af
fect
pop
ulat
ions
. [C
lari
fica
tion
Sta
tem
ent:
Em
phas
is is
on
reco
gniz
ing
pat
tern
s in
dat
a an
d m
akin
g w
arra
nte
d in
fere
nce
s ab
out
chan
ges
in p
opu
lati
ons,
an
d on
eva
luat
ing
empi
rica
l ev
iden
ce s
upp
orti
ng
argu
men
ts a
bou
t ch
ange
s to
ec
osys
tem
s.]
MS-
LS2-
5: E
valu
ate
com
petin
g de
sign
sol
utio
ns
for
mai
ntai
ning
bio
dive
rsity
an
d ec
osys
tem
ser
vice
s.*
[Cla
rifi
cati
on S
tate
men
t:
Exam
ple
s of
eco
syst
em
serv
ices
cou
ld in
clu
de
wat
er p
uri
fica
tion
, nu
trie
nt
recy
clin
g, a
nd
prev
enti
on
of s
oil e
rosi
on. E
xam
ple
s of
de
sign
sol
uti
on c
onst
rain
ts
cou
ld in
clu
de s
cien
tifi
c,
econ
omic
, an
d so
cial
co
nsi
dera
tion
s.]
Sta
bili
ty a
nd
Ch
ange
• Sm
all c
hang
es in
one
par
t of
a s
yste
m m
ight
ca
use
larg
e ch
ange
s in
ano
ther
par
t.
(MS-
LS2-
4) (
MS-
LS2-
5)
Con
nec
tion
s to
En
gin
eeri
ng,
Tec
hn
olog
y,
and
App
licat
ion
s of
Sci
ence
b
Infl
uen
ce o
f En
gin
eeri
ng,
Tec
hn
olog
y,
and
Sci
ence
on
Soc
iety
an
d th
e
Nat
ura
l Wor
ld•
on t
heir
use
are
driv
en b
y in
divi
dual
or
soci
etal
nee
ds, d
esire
s, a
nd v
alue
s; b
y th
e fin
ding
s of
sci
entifi
c re
sear
ch;
and
by
diffe
renc
es in
suc
h fa
ctor
s as
clim
ate,
nat
ura
reso
urce
s, a
nd e
cono
mic
con
ditio
ns. T
hus
tech
nolo
gy u
se v
arie
s fr
om r
egio
n to
reg
ion
and
over
tim
e. (
MS-
LS2-
5)
The
use
of t
echn
olog
ies
and
any
limita
tions
Con
nect
ions
to
Nat
ure
of S
cien
ce
Sci
enti
fic
Kn
owle
dge
Ass
um
es a
n O
rder
an
d C
onsi
sten
cy in
Nat
ura
l Sys
tem
s•
Scie
nce
assu
mes
tha
t ob
ject
s an
d ev
ents
in
nat
ural
sys
tem
s oc
cur
in c
onsi
sten
t pa
tter
ns t
hat
are
unde
rsta
ndab
le t
hrou
gh
mea
sure
men
t an
d ob
serv
atio
n. (
MS-
LS2-
3)S
cien
ce A
ddre
sses
Qu
esti
ons
Ab
out
the
Nat
ura
l an
d M
ater
ial W
orld
• Sc
ienc
e kn
owle
dge
can
desc
ribe
cons
eque
nces
of
actio
ns b
ut d
oes
not
nece
ssar
ily p
resc
ribe
the
deci
sion
s th
at
soci
ety
take
s. (
MS-
LS2-
5)
ETS
1.B
: D
evel
opin
g P
ossi
ble
S
olu
tion
s Ch
ange
s in
bio
dive
rsity
can
in
fluen
ce h
uman
s’ r
esou
rces
, suc
h as
fo
od, e
nerg
y, a
nd m
edic
ines
, as
wel
l as
ecos
yste
m s
ervi
ces
that
hum
ans
rely
on
—fo
r ex
ampl
e, w
ater
pur
ifica
tion
and
recy
clin
g. (
seco
ndar
y to
MS-
LS2-
5)
blan
k nkEn
viro
nm
enta
l Pri
nci
ples
an
d C
once
pt(s
)bl
a
Stud
ents
sho
uld
be d
evel
opin
g an
un
ders
tand
ing
that
:P
rinc
iple
I C
once
pt c
: Th
e qu
ality
, qu
antit
y an
d re
liabi
lity
of t
he g
oods
and
l
ecos
yste
m s
ervi
ces
prov
ided
by
natu
ral
syst
ems
are
dire
ctly
affe
cted
by
the
heal
th o
f th
ose
syst
ems.
(LS
4.D
)P
rin
cipl
e II
Con
cept
b:
Met
hods
us
ed t
o ex
trac
t, h
arve
st, t
rans
port
and
co
nsum
e na
tura
l res
ourc
es in
fluen
ce
the
geog
raph
ic e
xten
t, c
ompo
sitio
n,
biol
ogic
al d
iver
sity
, and
via
bilit
y of
na
tura
l sys
tem
s. (
LS2.
A)P
rin
cipl
e II
I C
once
pt a
: N
atur
al
syst
ems
proc
eed
thro
ugh
cycl
es a
nd
proc
esse
s th
at a
re r
equi
red
for
thei
r fu
nctio
ning
. (LS
2.B
and
LS2.
C)P
rinc
iple
III
Con
cept
b: H
uman
pr
actic
es d
epen
d up
on a
nd b
enef
it fr
om
the
cycl
es a
nd p
roce
sses
tha
t op
erat
e w
ithin
nat
ural
sys
tem
s.P
rin
cipl
e II
I C
once
pt c
: H
uman
pr
actic
es c
an a
lter
the
cycl
es a
nd
proc
esse
s th
at o
pera
te w
ithin
nat
ural
sy
stem
s.
blan
k
1648
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
Appendix 2 2016 California Science Framework
Sci
ence
an
d En
gin
eeri
ng
Pra
ctic
es
MS
-LS
2 E
CO
SY
ST
EM
S:
INT
ER
AC
TIO
NS
, E
NE
RG
Y,
AN
D D
YN
AM
ICS
blan
kbl
ank
blan
kD
evel
opin
g an
d U
sin
g M
odel
s•
Dev
elop
a m
odel
to
desc
ribe
phen
omen
a.
(MS-
LS2-
3)A
nal
yzin
g an
d In
terp
reti
ng
Dat
a•
Anal
yze
and
inte
rpre
t da
ta t
o pr
ovid
e ev
iden
ce fo
r ph
enom
ena.
(M
S-LS
2-1)
Enga
gin
g in
Arg
um
ent
from
Evi
den
ce•
Cons
truc
t an
ora
l and
writ
ten
argu
men
t su
p-po
rted
by
empi
rical
evi
denc
e an
d sc
ient
ific
reas
onin
g to
sup
port
or
refu
te a
n ex
plan
atio
nor
a m
odel
for
a ph
enom
enon
or
a so
lutio
n to
a pr
oble
m. (
MS-
LS2-
4)•
Eval
uate
com
petin
g de
sign
sol
utio
ns b
ased
on
join
tly d
evel
oped
and
agr
eed-
upon
des
ign
crite
ria. (
MS-
LS2-
5)
Con
nec
tion
s to
Nat
ure
of
Sci
ence
Sci
enti
fic
Kn
owle
dge
is B
ased
on
Empi
rica
l Evi
den
ce•
Scie
nce
disc
iplin
es s
hare
com
mon
rul
es o
f ob
tain
ing
and
eval
uatin
g em
piric
al e
vide
nce.
(M
S-LS
2-4)
blan
k
Pri
ncip
le I
V C
once
pt c
: Th
eca
paci
ty o
f na
tura
l sys
tem
s to
adj
ust
to h
uman
-cau
sed
alte
ratio
ns d
epen
ds
on t
he n
atur
e of
the
sys
tem
as
wel
l as
the
sco
pe, s
cale
, and
dur
atio
n of
the
act
ivity
and
the
nat
ure
of it
s by
prod
ucts
. P
rin
cipl
e V
Con
cept
a:
The
spec
trum
of
wha
t is
con
side
red
in
mak
ing
deci
sion
s ab
out
reso
urce
s an
d
natu
r al s
yste
ms
and
how
tho
se fa
ctor
s
influ
ence
dec
isio
ns. (
ETS1
.B)
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
1649Appendix 22016 California Science Framework
MS
-LS
4 B
IOLO
GIC
AL
EV
OLU
TIO
N:
UN
ITY
AN
D D
IVE
RS
ITY
Per
form
ance
Exp
ecta
tion
s
MS
-LS
4-1
: An
alyz
e an
d in
terp
ret
data
for
patt
erns
in t
he
foss
il re
cord
tha
t do
cum
ent
the
exis
tenc
e, d
iver
sity
, ext
inct
ion,
an
d ch
ange
of l
ife fo
rms
thro
ugho
ut t
he h
isto
ry o
f life
on
Eart
h un
der
the
assu
mpt
ion
that
na
tura
l law
s op
erat
e to
day
as in
th
e pa
st. [
Cla
rifi
cati
on S
tate
men
t:Em
phas
is is
on
fin
din
g p
atte
rns
of
chan
ges
in t
he
leve
l of
com
ple
xity
of
an
atom
ical
str
uct
ure
s in
or
gan
ism
s an
d th
e ch
ron
olog
ical
or
der
of f
ossi
l app
eara
nce
in
the
rock
laye
rs.]
[A
sses
smen
t B
ound
ary:
Ass
essm
ent
does
not
in
clud
e th
e na
mes
of
indi
vidu
al
spec
ies
or g
eolo
gica
l era
s in
the
fo
ssil
reco
rd.]
MS-
LS4-
2: A
pply
sci
entif
ic
idea
s to
con
stru
ct a
n ex
plan
atio
n fo
r th
e an
atom
ical
sim
ilarit
ies
and
diffe
renc
es a
mon
g m
oder
n or
gani
sms
and
betw
een
mod
ern
and
foss
il or
gani
sms
to in
fer
evol
utio
nary
rel
atio
nshi
ps.
[Cla
rifi
cati
on S
tate
men
t:
Emph
asis
is o
n ex
pla
nat
ion
s of
th
e ev
olu
tion
ary
rela
tion
ship
s am
ong
orga
nis
ms
in t
erm
s of
si
mila
rity
or
diff
eren
ces
of t
he
gros
s ap
pea
ran
ce o
f an
atom
ical
st
ruct
ure
s.]
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
EP
&C
s, C
CC
s,
and
SEP
s
Pri
nci
ple
II T
he lo
ng-t
erm
fun
ctio
ning
an
d he
alth
of
terr
estr
ial,
fres
hwat
er, c
oast
al
and
mar
ine
ecos
yste
ms
are
influ
ence
d by
th
eir
rela
tions
hips
with
hum
an s
ocie
ties.
Cro
sscu
ttin
g C
once
pts
Pat
tern
s•
an
d ef
fect
rel
atio
nshi
ps. (
MS-
LS4-
2)•
Gra
phs,
cha
rts,
and
imag
es c
an b
e us
ed
to id
entif
y pa
tter
ns in
dat
a. (
MS-
LS4-
1)C
ause
an
d Ef
fect
• Ph
enom
ena
may
hav
e m
ore
than
one
ca
use,
and
som
e ca
use
and
effe
ct
rela
tions
hips
in s
yste
ms
can
only
be
desc
ribed
usi
ng p
roba
bilit
y. (
MS-
LS4-
6)
Con
nec
tion
s to
Nat
ure
of
Sci
ence
Sci
enti
fic
Kn
owle
dge
Ass
um
es a
n O
rder
an
d C
onsi
sten
cy in
Nat
ura
l S
yste
ms
• Sc
ienc
e as
sum
es t
hat
obje
cts
and
even
ts
in n
atur
al s
yste
ms
occu
r in
con
sist
ent
patt
erns
tha
t ar
e un
ders
tand
able
thr
ough
m
easu
rem
ent
and
obse
rvat
ion.
(M
S-LS
4-1)
(MS-
LS4-
2)
Sci
ence
an
d En
gin
eeri
ng
Pra
ctic
es
Patt
erns
can
be
used
to
iden
tify
caus
e
An
alyz
ing
and
Inte
rpre
tin
g D
ata
• An
alyz
e an
d in
terp
ret
data
to
dete
rmin
e si
mila
ritie
s an
d di
ffere
nces
in fi
ndin
gs.
(MS-
LS4-
1)
Cla
rifi
cati
ons
and
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
DC
Is a
nd
EP&
Cs
Dis
cipl
inar
y C
ore
Idea
s
As s
tude
nts
lear
n th
at:
LS4
.C:
Ada
ptat
ion
Ada
ptat
ion
by n
atur
al s
elec
tion
actin
g ov
er
gene
ratio
ns is
one
impo
rtan
t pr
oces
s by
whi
ch s
peci
es c
hang
e ov
er t
ime
in r
espo
nse
to c
hang
es
in e
nviro
nmen
tal c
ondi
tions
. Tra
its
that
sup
port
suc
cess
ful s
urvi
val a
nd
repr
oduc
tion
in t
he n
ew e
nviro
nmen
t be
com
e m
ore
com
mon
; th
ose
that
do
not
beco
me
less
com
mon
. Th
us, t
he d
istr
ibut
ion
of t
raits
in a
po
pula
tion
chan
ges.
(M
S-LS
4-6)
LS4
.B:
Nat
ura
l Sel
ecti
on N
atur
al
sele
ctio
n le
ads
to t
he p
redo
min
ance
of
cer
tain
tra
its in
a p
opul
atio
n, a
nd
the
supp
ress
ion
of o
ther
s. (
MS-
LS4-
4)
Envi
ron
men
tal P
rin
cipl
es a
nd
Con
cept
(s)
Stud
ents
sho
uld
be d
evel
opin
g an
un
ders
tand
ing
that
:P
rin
cipl
e II
Con
cept
a:
And
indi
rect
cha
nges
to
natu
ral s
yste
ms
due
to t
he g
row
th o
f hu
man
po
pula
tions
and
the
ir co
nsum
ptio
n ra
tes
influ
ence
the
geo
grap
hic
exte
nt, c
ompo
sitio
n, b
iolo
gica
l di
vers
ity, a
nd v
iabi
lity
of n
atur
al
syst
ems.
Rel
evan
t EE
I U
nit
s th
at c
an S
upp
ort
NG
SS
In
stru
ctio
n
Shap
ing
Nat
ural
Sy
stem
s th
roug
h Ev
olut
ion
Extin
ctio
n: P
ast
and
Pres
ent
Resp
ondi
ng t
o En
vir o
nmen
tal C
hang
e
1650
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
Appendix 2 2016 California Science Framework
MS
-LS
4 B
IOLO
GIC
AL
EV
OLU
TIO
N:
UN
ITY
AN
D D
IVE
RS
ITY
MS
-LS
4-6
: U
se m
athe
mat
ical
re
pres
enta
tions
to
supp
ort
expl
anat
ions
of
how
nat
ural
se
lect
ion
may
lead
to
incr
ease
s an
d de
crea
ses
of
spec
ific
trai
ts in
pop
ulat
ions
ov
er t
ime.
[C
lari
fica
tion
S
tate
men
t: E
mph
asis
is o
n u
sin
g m
ath
emat
ical
mod
els,
pr
obab
ility
sta
tem
ents
, an
d pr
opor
tion
al r
easo
nin
g to
su
ppor
t ex
pla
nat
ion
s of
tre
nd
s in
ch
ange
s to
pop
ula
tion
s ov
er
tim
e.]
[Ass
essm
ent
Bou
ndar
y:
Ass
essm
ent
does
not
incl
ude
Har
dy W
einb
erg
calc
ulat
ions
.]
Con
stru
ctin
g Ex
plan
atio
ns
and
Des
ign
ing
Sol
uti
ons
• Ap
ply
scie
ntifi
c id
eas
to c
onst
ruct
an
expl
anat
ion
for
real
-wor
ld p
heno
men
a,
exam
ples
, or
even
ts. (
MS-
LS4-
2)
Con
nec
tion
s to
Nat
ure
of
Sci
ence
Sci
enti
fic
Kn
owle
dge
is B
ased
on
Empi
rica
l Evi
den
ce•
Scie
nce
know
ledg
e is
bas
ed u
pon
logi
cal
and
conc
eptu
al c
onne
ctio
ns b
etw
een
evid
ence
and
exp
lana
tions
. (M
S-LS
4-1)
Pri
nci
ple
II C
once
pt c
: Th
e ex
pans
ion
and
oper
atio
n of
hu
man
com
mun
ities
influ
ence
s th
e ge
ogra
phic
ext
ent,
com
posi
tion,
bi
olog
ical
div
ersi
ty, a
nd v
iabi
lity
of
natu
ral s
yste
ms.
blan
k
blan
k
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
1651Appendix 22016 California Science Framework
MS
-ES
S2
EA
RT
H’S
SY
ST
EM
S
Per
form
ance
Ex
pect
atio
ns
MS
-ES
S2
-4:
Dev
elop
a
mod
el t
o de
scrib
e th
e cy
clin
g of
wat
er
thro
ugh
Eart
h’s
syst
ems
driv
en b
y en
ergy
fro
m t
he
sun
and
the
forc
e of
gr
avity
. [C
lari
fica
tion
S
tate
men
t: E
mph
asis
is
on
the
way
s w
ater
ch
ange
s it
s st
ate
as
it m
oves
th
rou
gh t
he
mu
ltip
le p
athw
ays
of
the
hydr
olog
ic c
ycle
. Ex
amp
les
of m
odel
s ca
n b
e co
nce
ptu
al
or p
hysi
cal.]
[A
sses
smen
t B
ound
ary
A q
uant
itat
ive
unde
rsta
ndin
g of
th
e la
tent
hea
ts o
f va
pori
zati
on a
nd f
usio
nis
not
ass
esse
d.]
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
EP
&C
s, C
CC
s,
and
SEP
s
Pri
nci
ple
III
Nat
ural
sys
tem
s pr
ocee
d th
roug
h cy
cles
tha
t hu
man
s de
pend
upo
n,
bene
fit f
rom
and
can
alte
r.
Cro
sscu
ttin
g C
once
pts
Ener
gy a
nd
Mat
ter
• W
ithin
a n
atur
al o
r de
sign
ed s
yste
m, t
he
tran
sfer
of
ener
gy d
rives
the
mot
ion
and/
or
cycl
ing
of m
atte
r. (M
S-ES
S2-4
)C
ause
an
d Ef
fect
• Ca
use
and
effe
ct r
elat
ions
hips
may
be
used
to
pre
dict
phe
nom
ena
in n
atur
al o
r de
sign
ed
syst
ems.
(M
S-ES
S2-5
)S
yste
ms
and
Sys
tem
Mod
els
• M
odel
s ca
n be
use
d to
rep
rese
nt s
yste
ms
and
thei
r in
tera
ctio
ns—
such
as
inpu
ts, p
roce
sses
:
and
outp
uts—
and
ener
gy, m
atte
r, an
d in
for-
mat
ion
flow
s w
ithin
sys
tem
s. (
MS-
ESS2
-6)
Sta
bili
ty a
nd
Ch
ange
• Ex
plan
atio
ns o
f st
abili
ty a
nd c
hang
e
in n
atur
al o
r de
sign
ed s
yste
ms
can
be
cons
truc
ted
by e
xam
inin
g th
e ch
ange
s ov
er t
ime
and
proc
esse
s at
diff
eren
t sc
ales
, in
clud
ing
the
atom
ic s
cale
. (M
S-ES
S2-1
)P
atte
rns
• G
raph
s, c
hart
s, a
nd im
ages
can
be
used
to
iden
tify
patt
erns
in d
ata.
(M
S-ES
S3-2
)
Sci
ence
an
d En
gin
eeri
ng
Pra
ctic
es
Dev
elop
ing
and
Usi
ng
Mod
els
• D
evel
op a
mod
el t
o de
scrib
e un
obse
rvab
le
mec
hani
sms.
(M
S ES
S2-4
)
Cla
rifi
cati
ons
and
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
DC
Is a
nd
EP&
Cs
Dis
cipl
inar
y C
ore
Idea
s
As s
tude
nts
lear
n th
at:
ESS
2.C
: Th
e R
oles
of
Wat
er in
Ear
th’s
S
urf
ace
Pro
cess
es W
ater
con
tinua
lly
cycl
es a
mon
g la
nd, o
cean
, and
atm
osph
ere
via
tran
spira
tion,
eva
pora
tion,
con
dens
atio
n an
d cr
ysta
lliza
tion,
and
pre
cipi
tatio
n, a
s w
ell a
s do
wnh
ill f
low
s on
land
. (M
S-ES
S2-4
) **
*Sup
plem
enta
l DCI
PS1
.AES
S2.C
: Co
mpl
ex p
atte
rns
of t
he
chan
ges
and
the
mo v
emen
t of
wat
er in
th
e at
mos
pher
e, d
eter
min
ed b
y w
inds
, la
ndfo
rms,
and
oce
an t
empe
ratu
res
and
curr
ents
, are
maj
or d
eter
min
ants
of
loca
l
wea
ther
pat
tern
s. (
MS-
ESS2
-5)
ESS
2.C
: G
loba
l mov
emen
ts o
f w
ater
and
its
chan
ges
in fo
rm a
re p
rope
lled
by s
unlig
ht
and
grav
ity. (
MS-
ESS2
-4)
Envi
ron
men
tal P
rin
cipl
es a
nd
Con
cept
(s)
Stud
ents
sho
uld
be d
evel
opin
g an
un
ders
tand
ing
that
:P
rin
cipl
e II
I C
once
pt a
: N
atur
al s
yste
ms
proc
eed
thro
ugh
cycl
es a
nd p
roce
sses
tha
t ar
e re
quire
d fo
r th
eir
func
tioni
ng.
Pri
ncip
le I
II C
once
pt b
: H
uman
pra
ctic
es
depe
nd u
pon
and
bene
fit fr
om t
he c
ycle
s an
d pr
oces
ses
that
ope
rate
with
in n
atur
al s
yste
ms.
Pri
nci
ple
III
Con
cept
c:
Hum
an p
ract
ices
ca
n al
ter
the
cycl
es a
nd p
roce
sses
tha
t op
erat
e w
ithin
nat
ural
sys
tem
s.
Rel
evan
t EE
I U
nit
s th
at c
an S
upp
ort
NG
SS
In
stru
ctio
n
Eart
h’s
Wat
er
Chan
ging
Sta
tes:
W
ater
, N
atur
al
Syst
ems,
and
Hum
an
Com
mun
ities
Prec
ipita
tion,
Peo
ple,
an
d th
e N
atur
al W
orld
Our
Wat
er:
Sour
ces
and
Use
s
1652
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
Appendix 2 2016 California Science Framework
MS
-ES
S3
EA
RT
H A
ND
HU
MA
N A
CT
IVIT
Y
Per
form
ance
Exp
ecta
tion
s
MS
-ES
S3
-1:
Cons
truc
t a
scie
ntifi
c ex
plan
atio
n ba
sed
on e
vide
nce
for
how
the
une
ven
dist
ribut
ions
of
Ear
th’s
min
eral
, ene
rgy,
and
gr
ound
wat
er r
esou
rces
are
th
e re
sult
of p
ast
and
curr
ent
geos
cien
ce p
roce
sses
. [C
lari
fica
tion
S
tate
men
t: E
mph
asis
is o
n h
ow
thes
e re
sou
rces
are
lim
ited
an
d ty
pica
lly n
on-r
enew
able
, an
d h
ow
thei
r di
stri
bu
tion
s ar
e si
gnif
ican
tly
chan
gin
g as
a r
esu
lt o
f re
mov
al
by h
um
ans.
Exa
mp
les
of u
nev
en
dist
rib
uti
ons
of r
esou
rces
as
a re
sult
of
pas
t pr
oces
ses
incl
ude
bu
t ar
e n
ot
limit
ed t
o p
etro
leu
m (
loca
tion
s of
th
e b
uri
al o
f or
gan
ic m
arin
e se
dim
ents
an
d su
bse
quen
t ge
olog
ic t
rap
s),
met
al o
res
(loc
atio
ns
of p
ast
volc
anic
an
d hy
drot
her
mal
act
ivit
y as
soci
ated
w
ith
sub
duct
ion
zon
es),
an
d so
il (l
ocat
ion
s of
act
ive
wea
ther
ing
and/
or d
epos
itio
n of
roc
k).]
MS
-ES
S3
-2:
Anal
yze
and
inte
rpre
t da
ta o
n na
tura
l haz
ards
to
fore
cast
futu
re c
atas
trop
hic
even
ts a
nd in
form
the
dev
elop
men
t of
tec
hnol
ogie
s to
miti
gate
the
ir ef
fect
s. [
Cla
rifi
cati
on S
tate
men
t:
Emph
asis
is o
n h
ow s
ome
nat
ura
l h
azar
ds,
su
ch a
s vo
lcan
ic e
rup
tion
s an
d se
vere
wea
ther
, are
pre
cede
d by
ph
enom
ena
that
allo
w f
or r
elia
ble
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
EP
&C
s, C
CC
s,
and
SEP
s
Pri
nci
ple
I Th
e co
ntin
uatio
n an
d he
alth
of
indi
vidu
al h
uman
live
s an
d of
hum
an
com
mun
ities
and
soc
ietie
s de
pend
on
the
heal
th o
f th
e na
tura
l sys
tem
s th
at p
rovi
de
esse
ntia
l goo
ds a
nd e
cosy
stem
ser
vice
s.P
rin
cipl
e II
: Th
e lo
ng-t
erm
func
tioni
ng
and
heal
th o
f te
rres
tria
l, fr
eshw
ater
, co
asta
l and
mar
ine
ecos
yste
ms
are
influ
ence
d by
the
ir re
latio
nshi
ps w
ith
hum
an s
ocie
ties.
Cro
sscu
ttin
g C
once
pts
Cau
se a
nd
Effe
ct•
Caus
e an
d ef
fect
rel
atio
nshi
ps m
ay b
e us
ed t
o pr
edic
t ph
enom
ena
in n
atur
al o
r de
sign
ed s
yste
ms.
(M
S-ES
S3-1
)
(MS-
ESS3
-4)
• Re
latio
nshi
ps c
an b
e cl
assi
fied
as c
ausa
l or
cor
rela
tiona
l, an
d co
rrel
atio
n do
es n
ot
nece
ssar
ily im
ply
caus
atio
n. (
MS-
ESS3
-3)
Pat
tern
s•
Gra
phs,
cha
rts,
and
imag
es c
an b
e us
ed
to id
entif
y pa
tter
ns in
dat
a. (
MS-
ESS3
-2)
Con
nect
ions
to
Nat
ure
of S
cien
ce
Sci
ence
Add
ress
es Q
ues
tion
s A
bou
t th
e N
atu
ral a
nd
Mat
eria
l Wor
ld•
Scie
nce
know
ledg
e ca
n de
scrib
e co
nseq
uenc
es o
f ac
tions
but
doe
s no
t ne
cess
arily
pre
scrib
e th
e de
cisi
ons
that
so
ciet
y ta
kes.
(M
S-ES
S3-4
)
Cla
rifi
cati
ons
and
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
DC
Is a
nd
EP&
Cs
Dis
cipl
inar
y C
ore
Idea
s
As s
tude
nts
lear
n th
at:
ESS
3.A
: N
atu
ral R
esou
rces
H
uman
s de
pend
on
Eart
h’s
land
, oc
ean,
atm
osph
ere,
and
bio
sphe
re
for
man
y di
ffere
nt r
esou
rces
; m
in-
eral
s, fr
esh
wat
er, a
nd b
iosp
here
re
sour
ces
are
limite
d, a
nd m
any
are
not r
enew
able
or
repl
acea
ble
over
hu
man
life
times
; an
d th
at th
ese
reso
urce
s ar
e di
strib
uted
une
venl
y ar
ound
the
plan
et a
s a
resu
lt of
pas
t ge
olog
ic p
roce
sses
. (M
S-ES
S3-1
)ES
S3
.C:
Hu
man
Im
pact
s on
Ear
th S
yste
ms
Typi
cally
as
hum
an p
opul
atio
ns a
nd p
er-
capi
ta c
onsu
mpt
ion
of n
atur
al
reso
urce
s in
crea
se, s
o do
the
ne
gativ
e im
pact
s on
Ear
th u
nles
s th
e ac
tiviti
es a
nd t
echn
olog
ies
invo
lved
are
eng
inee
red
othe
rwis
e.
(MS-
ESS3
-4)
ESS
3.B
: N
atu
ral H
azar
ds
Map
ping
the
his
tory
of
natu
ral
haza
rds
in a
reg
ion,
com
bine
d w
ith a
n un
ders
tand
ing
of r
elat
ed
geol
ogic
forc
es c
an h
elp
fore
cast
th
e lo
catio
ns a
nd li
kelih
oods
of
futu
re e
vent
s. (
MS-
ESS3
-2)
Rel
evan
t EE
I U
nit
s th
at c
an S
upp
ort
NG
SS
In
stru
ctio
n
The
Dyn
amic
Nat
ure
of R
iver
s
Ener
gy a
nd M
ater
ial
Reso
urce
s: R
enew
able
or
Not
?
Mad
e fr
om E
arth
: H
ow
Nat
ural
Res
ourc
es
Beco
me
Thin
gs W
e U
se
Prec
ipita
tion,
Peo
ple
and
the
Nat
ural
Wor
ld
Ener
gy:
Pass
it O
n!
Ener
gy:
It’s N
ot A
ll th
e Sa
me
to Y
ou
Resp
ondi
ng t
o En
viro
nmen
tal C
hang
e
Extin
ctio
n: P
ast
and
Pres
ent
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
1653Appendix 22016 California Science Framework
MS
-ES
S3
EA
RT
H A
ND
HU
MA
N A
CT
IVIT
Y
pred
icti
ons,
bu
t ot
her
s, s
uch
as
eart
hqu
akes
, occ
ur
sudd
enly
an
d w
ith
no
not
ice,
an
d th
us
are
not
yet
pr
edic
tabl
e. E
xam
ples
of
nat
ura
l h
azar
ds
can
be
take
n fr
om in
teri
or
proc
esse
s (s
uch
as
eart
hqu
akes
an
d vo
lcan
ic e
rup
tion
s), s
urf
ace
proc
esse
s (s
uch
as
mas
s w
asti
ng
and
tsu
nam
is),
or
seve
re w
eath
er e
ven
ts
(su
ch a
s h
urr
ican
es, t
orn
adoe
s, a
nd
floo
ds)
. Exa
mpl
es o
f da
ta c
an in
clu
de
the
loca
tion
s, m
agn
itu
des,
an
d fr
equ
enci
es o
f th
e n
atu
ral h
azar
ds.
Ex
ampl
es o
f te
chn
olog
ies
can
be
glob
al (
such
as
sate
llite
sys
tem
s to
m
onit
or h
urr
ican
es o
r fo
rest
fir
es)
or
loca
l (su
ch a
s bu
ildin
g b
asem
ents
in
torn
ado
-pro
ne
regi
ons
or r
eser
voir
s to
mit
igat
e dr
ough
ts).
]M
S-ES
S3-3
: Ap
ply
scie
ntifi
c pr
inci
ples
to
desi
gn a
met
hod
for
mon
itorin
g an
d m
inim
izin
g a
hum
an
impa
ct o
n th
e en
viro
nmen
t.*
[Cla
rifi
cati
on S
tate
men
t: E
xam
ple
s of
th
e de
sign
pro
cess
incl
ude
exa
min
ing
hu
man
env
iron
men
tal i
mp
acts
, as
sess
ing
the
kin
ds
of s
olu
tion
s th
at a
re f
easi
ble
, an
d de
sign
ing
and
eval
uat
ing
solu
tion
s th
at c
ould
re
duce
th
at im
pac
t. E
xam
ple
s of
h
um
an im
pac
ts c
an in
clu
de w
ater
u
sage
(su
ch a
s th
e w
ith
draw
al o
f w
ater
fro
m s
trea
ms
and
aqu
ifer
s or
th
e co
nst
ruct
ion
of d
ams
and
leve
es),
lan
d u
sage
(su
ch a
s u
rban
de
velo
pmen
t, a
gric
ult
ure
, or
the
rem
oval
of
wet
lan
ds)
, an
d p
ollu
tion
(s
uch
as
of t
he
air,
wat
er, o
r la
nd)
.]
Con
nec
tion
s to
En
gin
eeri
ng,
Te
chn
olog
y, a
nd
App
licat
ion
s of
S
cien
ceIn
flu
ence
of
Sci
ence
, En
gin
eeri
ng,
an
d Te
chn
olog
y on
Soc
iety
an
d th
e N
atu
ral W
orld
•
All h
uman
act
ivity
dra
ws
on n
atur
al
reso
urce
s an
d ha
s bo
th s
hort
and
long
-te
rm c
onse
quen
ces,
pos
itive
as
wel
l as
nega
tive,
for
the
heal
th o
f pe
ople
and
th
e na
tura
l env
ironm
ent.
(M
S-ES
S3-1
) (M
S-ES
S3-4
)•
The
uses
of
tech
nolo
gies
and
any
lim
itatio
ns o
n th
eir
use
are
driv
en b
y in
divi
dual
or
soci
etal
nee
ds, d
esire
s,
and
valu
es;
by t
he fi
ndin
gs o
f sc
ient
ific
rese
arch
; an
d by
diff
eren
ces
in s
uch
fact
ors
as c
limat
e, n
atur
al r
esou
rces
, and
ec
onom
ic c
ondi
tions
. Thu
s te
chno
logy
us
e va
ries
from
reg
ion
to r
egio
n an
d ov
er t
ime.
(M
S-ES
S3-2
) (M
S-ES
S3-3
)
lank
Sci
ence
an
d En
gin
eeri
ng
Pra
ctic
es
An
alyz
ing
and
Inte
rpre
tin
g D
ata
• An
alyz
e an
d in
terp
ret
data
to
dete
rmin
e si
mila
ritie
s an
d di
ffere
nces
in fi
ndin
gs.
(MS-
ESS3
-2)
Con
stru
ctin
g Ex
plan
atio
ns
and
Des
ign
ing
Sol
uti
ons
• Co
nstr
uct
a sc
ient
ific
expl
anat
ion
base
d on
val
id a
nd r
elia
ble
evid
ence
obt
aine
d fr
om s
ourc
es (
incl
udin
g th
e st
uden
ts’
own
expe
rimen
ts)
and
the
assu
mpt
ion
that
the
orie
s an
d la
ws
that
des
crib
e th
e na
tura
l wor
ld o
pera
te t
oday
as
they
did
Envi
ron
men
tal P
rin
cipl
es a
nd
Con
cept
(s)
b
Stud
ents
sho
uld
be d
evel
opin
g an
un
ders
tand
ing
that
:P
rinc
iple
I C
once
pt c
: Th
e qu
ality
, qua
ntity
and
rel
iabi
lity
of
the
good
s an
d ec
osys
tem
ser
vice
s pr
ovid
ed b
y na
tura
l sys
tem
s ar
e di
rect
ly a
ffect
ed b
y th
e he
alth
of
tho
se s
yste
ms.
(ES
S3.A
and
ES
S3.B
)P
rinc
iple
II
Con
cept
c:
The
expa
nsio
n an
d op
erat
ion
of
hum
an c
omm
uniti
es in
fluen
ces
the
geog
raph
ic e
xten
t, c
ompo
sitio
n,
biol
ogic
al d
iver
sity
, and
via
bilit
y of
na
tura
l sys
tem
s. (
ESS3
.C)
blan
k
1654
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
Appendix 2 2016 California Science Framework
MS
-ES
S3
EA
RT
H A
ND
HU
MA
N A
CT
IVIT
Y
MS-
ESS3
-4:
Cons
truc
t an
arg
umen
t su
ppor
ted
by e
vide
nce
for
how
in
crea
ses
in h
uman
pop
ulat
ion
and
per-
capi
ta c
onsu
mpt
ion
of n
atur
al
reso
urce
s im
pact
Ear
th’s
syst
ems.
C
lari
fica
tion
Sta
tem
ent:
Exa
mp
les
of
evid
ence
incl
ude
gra
de-a
ppro
pria
te
data
bas
es o
n h
um
an p
opu
lati
ons
and
the
rate
s of
con
sum
pti
on
of f
ood
and
nat
ura
l res
ourc
es
(su
ch a
s fr
eshw
ater
, min
eral
, an
d en
ergy
). E
xam
ple
s of
imp
acts
can
in
clu
de c
han
ges
to t
he
app
eara
nce
, co
mp
osit
ion
, an
d st
ruct
ure
of
Eart
h’s
syst
ems
as w
ell a
s th
e ra
tes
at w
hic
h th
ey c
han
ge. T
he
con
sequ
ence
s of
in
crea
ses
in h
um
an p
opu
lati
ons
and
con
sum
pti
on o
f n
atu
ral r
esou
rces
ar
e de
scri
bed
by
scie
nce
, bu
t sc
ien
ce
does
not
mak
e th
e de
cisi
ons
for
the
acti
ons
soci
ety
take
s.]
in t
he p
ast
and
will
con
tinue
to
do s
o in
th
e fu
ture
. (M
S-ES
S3-1
)•
Appl
y sc
ient
ific
prin
cipl
es t
o de
sign
an
blan
obje
ct, t
ool,
proc
ess
or s
yste
m.
(MS-
ESS3
-3)
Enga
gin
g in
Arg
um
ent
from
Evi
den
ce•
Cons
truc
t an
ora
l and
writ
ten
argu
men
t su
ppor
ted
by e
mpi
rical
evi
denc
e an
d sc
ient
ific
reas
onin
g to
sup
port
or
refu
te a
n ex
plan
atio
n or
a m
odel
for
a ph
enom
enon
or
a so
lutio
n to
a p
robl
em.
(MS-
ESS3
-4)
blan
kbl
ank
kbl
ank
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
1655Appendix 22016 California Science Framework
MS
-PS
1 M
AT
TE
R A
ND
IT
S I
NT
ER
AC
TIO
NS
Per
form
ance
Ex
pect
atio
ns
MS-
PS1
-3:
Gat
her
and
mak
e se
nse
of
info
rmat
ion
to d
escr
ibe
that
syn
thet
ic m
ater
ials
co
me
from
nat
ural
re
sour
ces
and
impa
ct
soci
ety.
[C
lari
fica
tion
S
tate
men
t: E
mph
asis
is
on n
atu
ral r
esou
rces
th
at
un
derg
o a
chem
ical
pro
cess
to f
orm
th
e sy
nth
etic
m
ater
ial.
Exam
ple
s of
new
m
ater
ials
cou
ld in
clu
de
new
med
icin
e, f
ood
s,
and
alte
rnat
ive
fuel
s.]
[Ass
essm
ent
Bou
ndar
y:
Ass
essm
ent
is li
mit
ed t
o qu
alit
ativ
e in
form
atio
n.]
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
EP
&C
s, C
CC
s,
and
SEP
s
Pri
nci
ple
II T
he lo
ng-t
erm
func
tioni
ng a
nd
heal
th o
f te
rres
tria
l, fr
eshw
ater
, coa
stal
and
m
arin
e ec
osys
tem
s ar
e in
fluen
ced
by t
heir
rela
tions
hips
with
hum
an s
ocie
ties.
Cro
sscu
ttin
g C
once
pts
Str
uct
ure
an
d Fu
nct
ion
• St
ruct
ures
can
be
desi
gned
to
serv
e pa
rtic
ular
fu
nctio
ns b
y ta
king
into
acc
ount
pro
pert
ies
of
diffe
rent
mat
eria
ls, a
nd h
ow m
ater
ials
can
be
shap
ed a
nd u
sed.
(M
S-PS
1-3)
Cau
se a
nd
Effe
ct•
Caus
e an
d ef
fect
rel
atio
nshi
ps m
ay b
e us
ed
to p
redi
ct p
heno
men
a in
nat
ural
or
desi
gned
sy
stem
s. (
MS-
PS1-
4)S
cale
, Pro
port
ion
, an
d Q
uan
tity
• Ti
me,
spa
ce, a
nd e
nerg
y ph
enom
ena
can
be
obse
rved
at
vario
us s
cale
s us
ing
mod
els
to
stud
y sy
stem
s th
at a
re t
oo la
rge
or t
oo s
mal
l. (M
S-PS
1-1)
Ener
gy a
nd
Mat
ter
• Th
e tr
ansf
er o
f en
ergy
can
be
trac
ked
as
ener
gy fl
ows
thro
ugh
a de
sign
ed o
r na
tura
l sy
stem
. (M
S-PS
1-6)
Cla
rifi
cati
ons
and
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
DC
Is a
nd
EP&
Cs
Dis
cipl
inar
y C
ore
Idea
s
As s
tude
nts
lear
n th
at:
PS
1.B
: C
hem
ical
Rea
ctio
ns
Subs
tanc
es r
eact
che
mic
ally
in
char
acte
ristic
way
s. I
n a
chem
ical
pr
oces
s, t
he a
tom
s th
at m
ake
up t
he o
rigin
al s
ubst
ance
s ar
e re
grou
ped
into
diff
eren
t m
olec
ules
, an
d th
ese
new
sub
stan
ces
have
di
ffere
nt p
rope
rtie
s fr
om t
hose
of
the
rea
ctan
ts. (
MS-
PS1-
3)
***S
uppl
emen
tal D
CI E
SS3.
C, L
S4.D
b
Envi
ron
men
tal P
rin
cipl
es
and
Con
cept
(s)
Stud
ents
sho
uld
be d
evel
opin
g an
un
ders
tand
ing
that
:P
rin
cipl
e II
Con
cept
b:
Met
hods
us
ed t
o ex
trac
t, h
arve
st, t
rans
port
an
d co
nsum
e na
tura
l res
ourc
es
influ
ence
the
geo
grap
hic
exte
nt,
com
posi
tion,
bio
logi
cal d
iver
sity
, and
vi
abili
ty o
f na
tura
l sys
tem
s.
Rel
evan
t EE
I U
nit
s th
at c
an S
upp
ort
NG
SS
In
stru
ctio
n
Mad
e fr
om E
arth
: H
ow
Nat
ural
Res
ourc
es
Beco
me
Thin
gs W
e U
se
1656
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
Appendix 2 2016 California Science Framework
MS
-PS
1 M
AT
TE
R A
ND
IT
S I
NT
ER
AC
TIO
NS
blan
kC
onn
ecti
ons
to E
ngi
nee
rin
g, T
ech
nol
ogy,
an
d A
pplic
atio
ns
of S
cien
ceIn
terd
epen
den
ce o
f S
cien
ce, E
ngi
nee
rin
g,
and
Tech
nol
ogy
• En
gine
erin
g ad
vanc
es h
ave
led
to im
port
ant
disc
over
ies
in v
irtua
lly e
very
fiel
d of
sci
ence
, an
d sc
ient
ific
disc
over
ies
have
led
to t
he
deve
lopm
ent
of e
ntire
indu
strie
s an
d en
gine
ered
sys
tem
s. (
MS-
PS1-
3)In
flu
ence
of
Sci
ence
, En
gin
eeri
ng,
an
d Te
chn
olog
y on
Soc
iety
an
d th
e N
atu
ral
Wor
ld•
The
uses
of
tech
nolo
gies
and
any
lim
itatio
ns
on t
heir
use
are
driv
en b
y in
divi
dual
or
soci
etal
nee
ds, d
esire
s, a
nd v
alue
s; b
y th
e fin
ding
s of
sci
entifi
c re
sear
ch;
and
by
diffe
renc
es in
suc
h fa
ctor
s as
clim
ate,
nat
ural
re
sour
ces,
and
eco
nom
ic c
ondi
tions
. Thu
s te
chno
logy
use
var
ies
from
reg
ion
to r
egio
n an
d ov
er t
ime.
(M
S-PS
1-3)
blan
kbl
ank
blan
kan
kbl
ank
blan
k
Sci
ence
an
d En
gin
eeri
ng
Pra
ctic
esbl
Ob
tain
ing,
Eva
luat
ing,
an
d C
omm
un
icat
ing
Info
rmat
ion
• G
athe
r, re
ad, a
nd s
ynth
esiz
e in
form
atio
n fr
om
mul
tiple
app
ropr
iate
sou
rces
and
ass
ess
the
cred
ibili
ty, a
ccur
acy,
and
pos
sibl
e bi
as o
f ea
ch
publ
icat
ion
and
met
hods
use
d, a
nd d
escr
ibe
how
the
y ar
e su
ppor
ted
or n
ot s
uppo
rted
by
evid
ence
. (M
S-PS
1-3)
blan
kbl
ank
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
1657Appendix 22016 California Science Framework
MS
-PS
3 E
NE
RG
Y
Per
form
ance
Ex
pect
atio
ns
MS
-PS
3-3
: Ap
ply
scie
ntifi
c pr
inci
ples
to
desi
gn,
cons
truc
t, a
nd t
est
a de
vice
th
at e
ither
min
imiz
es o
r m
axim
izes
the
rmal
ene
rgy
tran
sfer
.* [
Cla
rifi
cati
on
Sta
tem
ent:
Exa
mp
les
of
devi
ces
cou
ld in
clu
de a
n in
sula
ted
box
, a s
olar
coo
ker,
and
a S
tyro
foam
cu
p.]
[Ass
essm
ent
Bou
ndar
y:
Ass
essm
ent
does
not
in
clud
e ca
lcul
atin
g th
e to
tal
amou
nt o
f th
erm
al e
nerg
y tr
ansf
erre
d.]
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
EP
&C
s,
CC
Cs,
an
d S
EPs
MS
-PS
3-4
: Pl
an a
n in
vest
igat
ion
to d
eter
min
e th
e re
latio
nshi
ps a
mon
g th
e en
ergy
tra
nsfe
rred
, the
ty
pe o
f m
atte
r, th
e m
ass,
an
d th
e ch
ange
in t
he
aver
age
kine
tic e
nerg
y of
the
pa
rtic
les
as m
easu
red
by t
he
tem
pera
ture
of
the
sam
ple.
Pri
nci
ple
IV T
he e
xcha
nge
of
mat
ter
betw
een
natu
ral s
yste
ms
and
hum
an s
ocie
ties
affe
cts
the
long
-ter
m
func
tioni
ng o
f bo
th.
Cro
sscu
ttin
g C
once
pts
Ener
gy a
nd
Mat
ter
• Th
e tr
ansf
er o
f en
ergy
can
be
trac
ked
as e
nerg
y flo
ws
thro
ugh
a de
sign
ed o
r na
tura
l sys
tem
. (M
S-PS
3-3)
Sca
le, P
ropo
rtio
n, a
nd
Qu
anti
ty•
Prop
ortio
nal r
elat
ions
hips
(e.
g.,
spee
d as
the
rat
io o
f di
stan
ce
trav
eled
to
time
take
n) a
mon
g di
ffere
nt t
ypes
of
quan
titie
s pr
ovid
e in
form
atio
n ab
out
the
mag
nitu
de o
f pr
oper
ties
and
proc
esse
s.
(MS-
PS3-
4)S
yste
ms
and
Sys
tem
Mod
els
• M
odel
s ca
n be
use
d to
rep
rese
nt
syst
ems
and
thei
r in
tera
ctio
ns—
such
as
inpu
ts, p
roce
sses
and
out
puts
—an
d en
ergy
and
mat
ter
flow
with
in
syst
ems.
(M
S-PS
2-1)
(M
S-PS
2-4)
Cla
rifi
cati
ons
and
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
DC
Is a
nd
EP&
Cs
Dis
cipl
inar
y C
ore
Idea
s
As s
tude
nts
lear
n th
at:
PS
3.B
: C
onse
rvat
ion
of
Ener
gy a
nd
Ener
gy T
ran
sfer
The
am
ount
of
ener
gy
tran
sfer
nee
ded
to c
hang
e th
e te
mpe
ratu
re
of a
mat
ter
sam
ple
by a
giv
en a
mou
nt
depe
nds
on t
he n
atur
e of
the
mat
ter,
the
size
of
the
sam
ple,
and
the
env
ironm
ent.
(M
S-PS
3-4)
PS
3.B
: W
hen
the
mot
ion
ener
gy o
f an
ob
ject
cha
nges
, the
re is
inev
itabl
y so
me
othe
r ch
ange
in e
ner g
y at
the
sam
e tim
e.
(MS-
PS3–
5)Se
cond
ary
DCI(
s)ET
S1
.A:
Def
inin
g an
d D
elim
itin
g an
En
gin
eeri
ng
Pro
ble
m T
he m
ore
prec
isel
y a
desi
gn t
ask’
s cr
iteria
and
con
stra
ints
ca
n be
def
ined
, the
mor
e lik
ely
it is
tha
t th
e de
sign
ed s
olut
ion
will
be
succ
essf
ul.
Spec
ifica
tion
of c
onst
rain
ts in
clud
es
cons
ider
atio
n of
sci
entif
ic p
rinci
ples
and
ot
her
rele
vant
kno
wle
dge
that
is li
kely
to
lim
it po
ssib
le s
olut
ions
. (se
cond
ary
to
MS-
PS3-
3)
Rel
evan
t EE
I U
nit
s th
at c
an S
upp
ort
NG
SS
In
stru
ctio
n
Ener
gy:
It’s N
ot A
ll th
e Sa
me
to Y
ou!
1658
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
Appendix 2 2016 California Science Framework
MS
-PS
3 E
NE
RG
Y
[Cla
rifi
cati
on S
tate
men
t:
Exam
ple
s of
exp
erim
ents
co
uld
incl
ude
com
par
ing
fin
al w
ater
tem
per
atu
res
afte
r di
ffer
ent
mas
ses
of ic
e m
elte
d in
th
e sa
me
volu
me
of w
ater
wit
h th
e sa
me
init
ial
tem
per
atu
re, t
he
tem
per
atu
re
chan
ge o
f sa
mp
les
of
diff
eren
t m
ater
ials
wit
h th
e sa
me
mas
s as
th
ey c
ool o
r h
eat
in t
he
envi
ron
men
t,
or t
he
sam
e m
ater
ial w
ith
diff
eren
t m
asse
s w
hen
a
spec
ific
am
oun
t of
en
ergy
is
add
ed.]
[A
sses
smen
t B
ound
ary:
Ass
essm
ent
does
no
t in
clud
e ca
lcul
atin
g th
e to
tal a
mou
nt o
f th
erm
al
ener
gy t
rans
ferr
ed.]
blan
kS
cien
ce a
nd
Engi
nee
rin
g P
ract
ices
Pla
nn
ing
and
Car
ryin
g O
ut
Inve
stig
atio
ns
• Pl
an a
n in
vest
igat
ion
indi
vidu
ally
and
co
llabo
rativ
ely,
and
in t
he d
esig
n:
iden
tify
inde
pend
ent
and
depe
nden
t va
riabl
es a
nd c
ontr
ols,
wha
t to
ols
are
need
ed t
o do
the
gat
herin
g, h
ow
mea
sure
men
ts w
ill b
e re
cord
ed,
and
how
man
y da
ta a
re n
eede
d to
su
ppor
t a
clai
m. (
MS-
PS3-
4)
Con
nec
tion
s to
Nat
ure
of
Sci
ence
Sci
enti
fic
Kn
owle
dge
is B
ased
on
Empi
rica
l Evi
den
ce•
Scie
nce
know
ledg
e is
bas
ed u
pon
logi
cal a
nd c
once
ptua
l con
nect
ions
be
twee
n ev
iden
ce a
nd e
xpla
natio
ns
(MS-
PS3-
4)
Envi
ron
men
tal P
rin
cipl
es a
nd
Con
cept
(s)
Stud
ents
sho
uld
be d
evel
opin
g an
un
ders
tand
ing
that
:P
rin
cipl
e IV
Con
cept
a:
The
effe
cts
of h
uman
act
iviti
es o
n na
tura
l sys
tem
s ar
e di
r ect
ly r
elat
ed t
o th
e qu
antit
ies
of
reso
urce
s co
nsum
ed a
nd t
o th
e qu
antit
y an
d ch
arac
teris
tics
of t
he r
esul
ting
bypr
oduc
ts.
Pri
nci
ple
IV C
once
pt c
: Th
e ca
paci
ty o
f na
tura
l sys
tem
s to
adj
ust
to h
uman
-cau
sed
alte
ratio
ns d
epen
ds o
n th
e na
ture
of
the
syst
em a
s w
ell a
s th
e sc
ope,
sca
le, a
nd
dura
tion
of t
he a
ctiv
ity a
nd t
he n
atur
e of
its
bypr
oduc
ts.
blan
k
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
1659Appendix 22016 California Science Framework
MS
-ET
S1
EN
GIN
EE
RIN
G D
ES
IGN
Per
form
ance
Ex
pect
atio
ns
MS
-ETS
1-3
: An
alyz
e da
ta
from
tes
ts t
o de
term
ine
sim
ilarit
ies
and
diffe
renc
es
amon
g se
vera
l des
ign
solu
tions
to
iden
tify
the
best
cha
ract
eris
tics
of e
ach
that
can
be
com
bine
d in
to
a ne
w s
olut
ion
to b
ette
r m
eet
the
crite
ria
for
succ
ess.
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
EP
&C
s, C
CC
s,
and
SEP
s
Pri
nci
ple
V D
ecis
ions
affe
ctin
g re
sour
ces
and
natu
ral s
yste
ms
are
base
d on
a w
ide
rang
e of
con
side
ratio
ns a
nd d
ecis
ion-
mak
ing
proc
esse
s.
Cro
sscu
ttin
g C
once
pts
Str
uct
ure
an
d Fu
nct
ion
• Co
mpl
ex a
nd m
icro
scop
ic s
truc
ture
s an
d sy
stem
s ca
n be
vis
ualiz
ed, m
odel
ed,
and
used
to
desc
ribe
how
the
ir fu
nctio
n de
pend
s on
the
sha
pes,
com
posi
tion,
and
re
latio
nshi
ps a
mon
g its
par
ts;
ther
efor
e,
com
plex
nat
ural
and
des
igne
d st
ruct
ures
/sy
stem
s ca
n be
ana
lyze
d to
det
erm
ine
how
th
ey fu
nctio
n. (
MS-
LS3-
1)
Sci
ence
an
d En
gin
eeri
ng
Pra
ctic
es
An
alyz
ing
and
Inte
rpre
tin
g D
ata
• An
alyz
e an
d in
terp
ret
data
to
dete
rmin
e si
mila
ritie
s an
d di
ffere
nces
in fi
ndin
gs.
(MS-
ETS1
-3)
Cla
rifi
cati
ons
and
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
DC
Is a
nd
EP&
Cs
Dis
cipl
inar
y C
ore
Idea
s
As s
tude
nts
lear
n th
at:
ETS
1.B
: D
evel
opin
g P
ossi
ble
S
olu
tion
s Th
ere
are
syst
emat
ic
proc
esse
s fo
r ev
alua
ting
solu
tions
with
re
spec
t to
how
wel
l the
y m
eet
the
crite
ria a
nd c
onst
rain
ts o
f a
prob
lem
. (M
S-ET
S1-3
)
Envi
ron
men
tal P
rin
cipl
es a
nd
Con
cept
(s)
Stud
ents
sho
uld
be d
evel
opin
g an
un
ders
tand
ing
that
:P
rin
cipl
e V
Con
cept
a:
The
spec
trum
of
wha
t is
con
side
red
in
mak
ing
deci
sion
s ab
out
reso
urce
s an
d na
tura
l sys
tem
s an
d ho
w t
hose
fact
ors
influ
ence
dec
isio
ns.
Rel
evan
t EE
I U
nit
s th
at c
an S
upp
ort
NG
SS
In
stru
ctio
n
Ener
gy:
It’s N
ot A
ll th
e Sa
me
to Y
ou!
Ener
gy a
nd M
ater
ial
Reso
urce
s: R
enew
able
or
Not
?
Mad
e fr
om E
arth
: H
ow
Nat
ural
Res
ourc
es
Beco
me
Thin
gs W
e U
se
The
Dyn
amic
Nat
ure
of
Riv
ers
1660
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
Appendix 2 2016 California Science Framework
and CA NAppropriat
GSS: Grades High Schoole Alignments among Environmental Principles and Concepts (EP&Cs)
HS
-LS
2 E
CO
SY
ST
EM
S:
INT
ER
AC
TIO
NS
, E
NE
RG
Y,
AN
D D
YN
AM
ICS
Per
form
ance
Exp
ecta
tion
s
HS
-LS
2-1
: U
se m
athe
mat
ical
an
d/or
com
puta
tiona
l rep
rese
nta-
tions
to
supp
ort
expl
anat
ions
of
fact
ors
that
affe
ct c
arry
ing
capa
c-ity
of
ecos
yste
ms
at d
iffer
ent
scal
es.
[Cla
rifi
cati
on S
tate
men
t:
Emph
asis
is o
n qu
anti
tati
ve a
nal
y-si
s an
d co
mp
aris
on o
f th
e re
lati
onsh
ips
amon
g in
terd
epen
-de
nt
fact
ors
incl
udi
ng
bou
nda
ries
, re
sou
rces
, clim
ate,
an
d co
mp
eti-
tion
. Exa
mp
les
of m
ath
emat
ical
co
mp
aris
ons
cou
ld in
clu
de g
raph
s,
char
ts, h
isto
gram
s, a
nd
pop
ula
-ti
on c
han
ges
gath
ered
fro
m
sim
ula
tion
s or
his
tori
cal d
ata
sets
.] [
Ass
essm
ent
Bou
ndar
y:
Ass
essm
ent
does
not
incl
ude
deri
ving
mat
hem
atic
al e
quat
ions
to
mak
e co
mpa
riso
ns.]
HS
-LS
2-2
: U
se m
athe
mat
ical
re
pres
enta
tions
to
supp
ort
and
revi
se e
xpla
natio
ns b
ased
on
evid
ence
abo
ut fa
ctor
s af
fect
ing
biod
iver
sity
and
pop
ulat
ions
in
ecos
yste
ms
of d
iffer
ent
scal
es.
[Cla
rifi
cati
on S
tate
men
t: E
xam
ples
of m
ath
emat
ical
rep
rese
nta
tion
s in
clu
de f
indi
ng
the
aver
age,
de
term
inin
g tr
end
s, a
nd
usi
ng
grap
hic
al c
omp
aris
ons
of m
ult
iple
se
ts o
f da
ta.]
[A
sses
smen
t B
ound
ary:
Ass
essm
ent
is li
mit
ed
to p
rovi
ded
data
.]
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
EP&
Cs,
CC
Cs,
an
d S
EPs
Pri
nci
ple
II T
he lo
ng-t
erm
fu
nctio
ning
and
hea
lth o
f te
rres
tria
l, fr
eshw
ater
, coa
stal
an
d m
arin
e ec
osys
tem
s ar
e in
fluen
ced
by t
heir
rela
tions
hips
w
ith h
uman
soc
ietie
s.P
rin
cipl
e IV
The
exc
hang
e of
m
atte
r be
twee
n na
tura
l sys
tem
s an
d hu
man
soc
ietie
s af
fect
s th
e lo
ng-t
erm
func
tioni
ng o
f bo
th.
Cro
sscu
ttin
g C
once
pts
Sys
tem
s an
d S
yste
m M
odel
s•
Mod
els
(e.g
., ph
ysic
al, m
athe
-m
atic
al, c
ompu
ter
mod
els)
can
be
use
d to
sim
ulat
e sy
stem
s an
d in
tera
ctio
ns—
incl
udin
g en
ergy
, mat
ter,
and
info
rmat
ion
flow
s—w
ithin
and
bet
wee
n sy
stem
s at
diff
eren
t sc
ales
. (H
S-LS
2-5)
Ener
gy a
nd
Mat
ter
• En
ergy
can
not
be c
reat
ed
or d
estr
oyed
—it
only
mov
es
betw
een
one
plac
e an
d an
othe
r
plac
e, b
etw
een
obje
cts
and/
or fi
elds
, or
betw
een
syst
ems.
(H
S-LS
2-4)
Cla
rifi
cati
ons
and
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
DC
Is a
nd
EP&
Cs
Dis
cipl
inar
y C
ore
Idea
s
As s
tude
nts
lear
n th
at:
LS2
.A:
Inte
rdep
ende
nt
Rel
atio
nsh
ips
in E
cosy
stem
s Ec
osys
tem
s ha
v e c
arry
ing
capa
citie
s,
whi
ch a
re li
mits
to
the
num
bers
of
orga
nism
s an
d po
pula
tions
the
y ca
n su
ppor
t. T
hese
lim
its r
esul
t fr
om
such
fact
ors
as t
he a
vaila
bilit
y of
liv
ing
and
nonl
ivin
g re
sour
ces
and
from
cha
lleng
es s
uch
as p
reda
tion,
co
mpe
titio
n, a
nd d
isea
se.
LS2
.A:
Org
anis
ms
wou
ld h
ave
the
capa
city
to
prod
uce
popu
latio
ns o
f gr
eat
size
wer
e it
not
for
the
fact
tha
t en
viro
nmen
ts a
nd r
esou
rces
are
fin
ite.
This
fund
amen
tal t
ensi
on a
ffect
s th
e ab
unda
nce
(num
ber
of in
divi
dual
s) o
f sp
ecie
s in
any
giv
en e
cosy
stem
. (H
S-LS
2-1)
(H
S-LS
2-2)
b
LS2
.C:
Ecos
yste
m D
ynam
ics,
Fu
nct
ion
ing,
an
d R
esili
ence
…
extr
eme
fluct
uatio
ns in
con
ditio
ns o
r th
e si
ze o
f an
y po
pula
tion,
how
ever
, ca
n ch
alle
nge
the
func
tioni
ng o
f ec
osys
tem
s in
ter
ms
of r
esou
rces
an
d ha
bita
t av
aila
bilit
y. (
HS-
LS2-
2)
(HS-
LS2-
6)
Rel
evan
t EE
I U
nit
s th
at c
an S
upp
ort
NG
SS
In
stru
ctio
n
Biod
iver
sity
: Th
e Ke
ysto
ne t
o Li
fe o
n Ea
rth
Biol
ogic
al D
iver
sity
: Th
e W
orld
’s R
iche
s
Ecos
yste
m C
hang
e in
Ca
lifor
nia
Diff
eren
tial S
urvi
val o
f O
rgan
ism
s
The
Isol
atio
n of
Spe
cies
The
Gre
enho
use
Effe
ct
on N
atur
al S
yste
ms
Oce
an C
urre
nts
and
Nat
ural
Sys
tem
s
Rai
nfor
ests
and
Des
erts
: D
istr
ibut
ion,
Use
s an
d H
uman
Inf
luen
ces
Life
and
Tim
es o
f Ca
rbon
Livi
ng U
nder
One
Roo
f
Liqu
id G
old:
Cal
iforn
ia’s
Wat
er
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
1661Appendix 22016 California Science Framework
HS
-LS
2 E
CO
SY
ST
EM
S:
INT
ER
AC
TIO
NS
, E
NE
RG
Y,
AN
D D
YN
AM
ICS
HS
-LS
2-4
: U
se m
athe
mat
ical
re
pres
enta
tions
to
supp
ort
clai
ms
for
the
cycl
ing
of m
atte
r an
d flo
w o
f en
ergy
am
ong
orga
nism
s in
an
ecos
yste
m. [
Cla
rifi
cati
on
Sta
tem
ent:
Em
phas
is is
on
usi
ng
a m
ath
emat
ical
mod
el o
f st
ored
en
ergy
in b
iom
ass
to d
escr
ibe
the
tran
sfer
of
ener
gy f
rom
on
e tr
oph
ic le
vel t
o an
oth
er a
nd
that
m
atte
r an
d en
ergy
are
con
serv
ed
as m
atte
r cy
cles
an
d en
ergy
flo
ws
thro
ugh
eco
syst
ems.
Em
phas
is
is o
n at
oms
and
mol
ecu
les
such
as
car
bon
, ox
ygen
, hyd
roge
n an
d n
itro
gen
bei
ng
con
serv
ed a
s th
ey
mov
e th
rou
gh a
n ec
osys
tem
.]
[Ass
essm
ent
Bou
ndar
y:
Ass
essm
ent
is li
mit
ed t
o pr
opor
tion
al r
easo
ning
to
desc
ribe
th
e cy
clin
g of
mat
ter
and
flow
of
ener
gy.]
HS
-LS
2-5
: D
evel
op a
m
odel
to
illus
trat
e th
e ro
le o
f ph
otos
ynth
esis
and
cel
lula
r re
spira
tion
in t
he c
yclin
g of
ca
rbon
am
ong
the
bios
pher
e,
atm
osph
ere,
hyd
rosp
here
, an
d ge
osph
ere.
[C
lari
fica
tion
S
tate
men
t: E
xam
ple
s of
mod
els
cou
ld in
clu
de s
imu
lati
ons
and
mat
hem
atic
al m
odel
s.]
[Ass
essm
ent
Bou
ndar
y:
Ass
essm
ent
does
not
incl
ude
the
spec
ific
che
mic
al s
teps
of
phot
osyn
thes
is a
nd r
espi
rati
on.]
Sta
bili
ty a
nd
Ch
ange
b
• M
uch
of s
cien
ce d
eals
with
co
nstr
uctin
g ex
plan
atio
ns o
f ho
w
thin
gs c
hang
e an
d ho
w t
hey
rem
ain
stab
le. (
HS-
LS2-
6)
(HS-
LS2-
7)
Cau
se a
nd
Effe
ct•
Empi
rical
evi
denc
e is
req
uire
d to
diff
eren
tiate
bet
wee
n ca
use
and
corr
elat
ion
and
mak
e cl
aim
s ab
out
spec
ific
caus
es a
nd e
ffect
s.
(HS-
LS2-
8)S
cale
, Pro
port
ion
, an
d Q
uan
tity
b
• Th
e si
gnifi
canc
e of
a
phen
omen
on is
dep
ende
nt o
n th
e sc
ale,
pro
port
ion,
and
qua
ntity
at
whi
ch it
occ
urs.
(H
S-LS
2-1)
• U
sing
the
con
cept
of
orde
rs
of m
agni
tude
allo
ws
one
to
unde
rsta
nd h
ow a
mod
el a
t on
e sc
ale
rela
tes
to a
mod
el a
t an
othe
r sc
ale.
(H
S-LS
2-2)
LS2
.C:
Mor
eove
r, an
thro
poge
nic
chan
ges
bl
(tho
se in
duce
d by
hum
an a
ctiv
ity)
in t
he
envi
ronm
ent—
incl
udin
g ha
bita
t de
stru
ctio
n,
pollu
tion,
intr
oduc
tion
of in
vasi
ve s
peci
es,
over
expl
oita
tion,
and
clim
ate
chan
ge—
can
disr
upt
an e
cosy
stem
and
thr
eate
n th
e su
rviv
al o
f so
me
spec
ies.
(H
S-LS
2-7)
Seco
ndar
y D
CI(
s)LS
4.D
: B
iodi
vers
ity
and
Hu
man
s Bi
odiv
ersi
t y is
incr
ease
d by
the
form
atio
n of
ne
w s
peci
es (
spec
iatio
n) a
nd d
ecre
ased
by
the
loss
of
spec
ies
(ext
inct
ion)
. (se
cond
ary
to H
S-LS
2-7)
LS4
.D:
Hum
ans
depe
nd o
n th
e liv
ing
wor
ld fo
r th
e re
sour
ces
and
othe
r be
nefit
s pr
ovid
ed b
y bi
odiv
ersi
ty, b
ut h
uman
ac
tivity
is a
lso
havi
ng a
dver
se im
pact
s on
bio
dive
rsity
thr
ough
ove
rpop
ulat
ion,
ov
erex
ploi
tatio
n, h
abita
t de
stru
ctio
n,
pollu
tion,
intr
oduc
tion
of in
vasi
ve s
peci
es,
and
clim
ate
chan
ge, t
hus
sust
aini
ng
biod
iver
sity
so
that
eco
syst
em fu
nctio
ning
an
d pr
oduc
tivity
are
mai
ntai
ned
is e
ssen
tial
to s
uppo
rtin
g an
d en
hanc
ing
life
on E
arth
, su
stai
ning
bio
dive
rsity
als
o ai
ds h
uman
ity
by p
rese
rvin
g la
ndsc
apes
of
recr
eatio
nal o
r in
spira
tiona
l val
ue.(
seco
ndar
y to
HS-
LS2-
7) (
Not
e: T
his
Dis
cipl
inar
y Co
re I
dea
is a
lso
addr
esse
d by
HS-
LS4-
6.)
ank
1662
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
Appendix 2 2016 California Science Framework
HS
-LS
2 E
CO
SY
ST
EM
S:
INT
ER
AC
TIO
NS
, E
NE
RG
Y,
AN
D D
YN
AM
ICS
HS
-LS
2-6
: Ev
alua
te t
he c
laim
s,
evid
ence
, and
rea
soni
ng t
hat
the
com
plex
inte
ract
ions
in
ecos
yste
ms
mai
ntai
n re
lativ
ely
cons
iste
nt n
umbe
rs a
nd
type
s of
org
anis
ms
in s
tabl
e co
nditi
ons,
but
cha
ngin
g co
nditi
ons
may
res
ult
in a
ne
w e
cosy
stem
. [C
lari
fica
tion
S
tate
men
t: E
xam
ple
s of
ch
ange
s in
eco
syst
em c
ondi
tion
s co
uld
in
clu
de m
odes
t b
iolo
gica
l or
phys
ical
ch
ange
s, s
uch
as
mod
erat
e h
un
tin
g or
a s
easo
nal
fl
ood;
an
d, e
xtre
me
chan
ges,
su
ch
as v
olca
nic
eru
pti
on o
r se
a le
vel
rise
.]H
S-L
S2
-7:
Des
ign,
eva
luat
e,
and
refin
e a
solu
tion
for
redu
cing
the
impa
cts
of h
uman
ac
tiviti
es o
n th
e en
viro
nmen
t an
d bi
odiv
ersi
ty.*
[C
lari
fica
tion
S
tate
men
t: E
xam
ple
s of
h
um
an a
ctiv
itie
s ca
n in
clu
de
urb
aniz
atio
n, b
uild
ing
dam
s, a
nd
diss
emin
atio
n of
inva
sive
sp
ecie
s.]
Sci
ence
an
d En
gin
eeri
ng
Pra
ctic
es
Sci
enti
fic
Kn
owle
dge
is O
pen
to R
evis
ion
in L
igh
t of
New
Ev
iden
ce•
Mos
t sc
ient
ific
know
ledg
e is
qu
ite d
urab
le, b
ut is
, in
prin
cipl
e,
subj
ect
to c
hang
e ba
sed
on n
ew
evid
ence
and
/or
rein
terp
reta
tion
of e
xist
ing
evid
ence
. (H
S-LS
2-2)
• Sc
ient
ific
argu
men
tatio
n is
a
mod
e of
logi
cal d
isco
urse
us
ed t
o cl
arify
the
str
engt
h of
re
latio
nshi
ps b
etw
een
idea
s an
d ev
iden
ce t
hat
may
res
ult
in
revi
sion
of
an e
xpla
natio
n.
(HS-
LS2-
6)
PS
3.D
: En
ergy
in C
hem
ical
Pro
cess
es
b
The
mai
n w
ay t
hat
sola
r en
ergy
is c
aptu
red
and
stor
ed o
n Ea
rth
is t
hrou
gh t
he c
ompl
ex
bch
emic
al p
roce
ss k
now
n as
pho
tosy
nthe
sis.
(s
econ
dary
to
HS-
LS2-
5)ET
S1
.B:
Dev
elop
ing
Pos
sib
le
Sol
uti
ons
Whe
n ev
alua
ting
solu
tions
it
is im
port
ant
to t
ake
into
acc
ount
a r
ange
of
con
stra
ints
incl
udin
g co
st, s
afet
y,
relia
bilit
y, a
nd a
esth
etic
s an
d to
con
side
r so
cial
, cul
tura
l and
env
ironm
enta
l im
pact
s.
(sec
onda
ry t
o H
S-LS
2-7)
lank
lank
blan
kEn
viro
nm
enta
l Pri
nci
ples
an
d C
once
pt(s
)
Stud
ents
sho
uld
be d
evel
opin
g an
un
ders
tand
ing
that
:P
rin
cipl
e II
Con
cept
a:
That
dire
ct a
nd
indi
rect
cha
nges
to
natu
ral s
yste
ms
due
to
the
grow
th o
f hu
man
pop
ulat
ions
and
the
ir co
nsum
ptio
n ra
tes
influ
ence
the
geo
grap
hic
exte
nt, c
ompo
sitio
n, b
iolo
gica
l div
ersi
ty,
and
viab
ility
of
natu
ral s
yste
ms.
Pri
nci
ple
II C
once
pt b
: Th
at m
etho
ds
used
to
extr
act,
har
vest
, tra
nspo
rt a
nd
cons
ume
natu
r al r
esou
rces
influ
ence
the
ge
ogra
phic
ext
ent,
com
posi
tion,
bio
logi
cal
dive
rsity
, and
via
bilit
y of
nat
ural
sys
tem
s.P
rin
cipl
e II
Con
cept
c:
That
the
ex
pans
ion
and
oper
atio
n of
hum
an
com
mun
ities
influ
ence
s th
e ge
ogra
phic
ex
tent
, com
posi
tion,
bio
logi
cal d
iver
sity
, an
d vi
abili
ty o
f na
tura
l sys
tem
s.
blan
k
blan
k
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
1663Appendix 22016 California Science Framework
HS
-LS
2 E
CO
SY
ST
EM
S:
INT
ER
AC
TIO
NS
, E
NE
RG
Y,
AN
D D
YN
AM
ICS
blan
kbl
ank
Pri
nci
ple
IV C
once
pt a
: Th
at t
he e
ffect
s of
hum
an a
ctiv
ities
on
natu
ral s
yste
ms
are
dire
ctly
rel
ated
to
the
quan
titie
s of
re
sour
ces
cons
umed
and
to
the
quan
tity
and
char
acte
ristic
s of
the
res
ultin
g by
prod
ucts
.P
rin
cipl
e IV
Con
cept
b:
That
the
by
prod
ucts
of
hum
an a
ctiv
it y a
re n
ot
read
ily p
reve
nted
fro
m e
nter
ing
natu
ral
syst
ems
and
may
be
bene
ficia
l, ne
utra
l, or
de
trim
enta
l in
thei
r ef
fect
.P
rin
cipl
e IV
Con
cept
c:
That
the
ca
paci
ty o
f na
tur a
l sys
tem
s to
adj
ust
to
hum
an-c
ause
d al
tera
tions
dep
ends
on
the
natu
re o
f th
e sy
stem
as
wel
l as
the
scop
e,
scal
e, a
nd d
urat
ion
of t
he a
ctiv
ity a
nd t
he
natu
re o
f its
byp
rodu
cts.
blan
k
1664
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
Appendix 2 2016 California Science Framework
HS
-LS
3 H
ER
ED
ITY
: IN
HE
RIT
AN
CE
AN
D V
AR
IAT
ION
OF
TR
AIT
S
Per
form
ance
Ex
pect
atio
ns
HS
-LS
3-2
: M
ake
and
defe
nd a
cla
im b
ased
on
evi
denc
e th
at
inhe
ritab
le g
enet
ic
varia
tions
may
res
ult
from
: (1
) ne
w g
enet
ic
com
bina
tions
thr
ough
m
eios
is, (
2) v
iabl
e er
rors
occ
urrin
g du
ring
repl
icat
ion,
and
/or
(3)
mut
atio
ns c
ause
d by
env
ironm
enta
l fa
ctor
s. [
Cla
rifi
cati
on
Sta
tem
ent:
Em
phas
is
is o
n u
sin
g da
ta t
o su
ppor
t ar
gum
ents
fo
r th
e w
ay v
aria
tion
oc
curs
.] [
Ass
essm
ent
Bou
ndar
y: A
sses
smen
t do
es n
ot in
clud
e th
e ph
ases
of
mei
osis
or
the
bio
chem
ical
m
echa
nism
of
spec
ific
st
eps
in t
he p
roce
ss.]
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
EP&
Cs,
CC
Cs,
an
d S
EPs
Pri
nci
ple
III
Nat
ural
sys
tem
s pr
ocee
d th
roug
h cy
cles
tha
t hu
man
s de
pend
upo
n, b
enef
it fr
om a
nd c
an a
lter.
Pri
nci
ple
IV T
he e
xcha
nge
of
mat
ter
betw
een
natu
ral s
yste
ms
and
hum
an s
ocie
ties
affe
cts
the
long
-ter
m fu
nctio
ning
of
both
.
Cro
sscu
ttin
g C
once
pts
Cau
se a
nd
Effe
ctEn
viro
nm
enta
l Pri
nci
ples
an
d C
once
pt(s
)
Sci
ence
an
d En
gin
eeri
ng
Pra
ctic
es
Enga
gin
g in
Arg
um
ent
from
Evid
ence
• M
ake
and
defe
nd a
cla
im
base
d on
evi
denc
e ab
out
the
natu
ral w
orld
tha
t re
flect
s sc
ient
ific
know
ledg
e, a
nd
stud
ent-
gene
rate
d ev
iden
ce.
(HS-
LS3-
2)
Cla
rifi
cati
ons
and
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
DC
Is
and
EP&
Cs
Dis
cipl
inar
y C
ore
Idea
s
As s
tude
nts
lear
n th
at:
LS3
.B:
Var
iati
on o
f Tr
aits
Env
ironm
enta
l fac
tors
can
al
so c
ause
mut
atio
ns in
gen
es, a
nd v
iabl
e m
utat
ions
are
in
herit
ed. (
HS-
LS3-
2)LS
3.B
: En
viro
nmen
tal f
acto
rs a
lso
affe
ct e
xpre
ssio
n of
tr
aits
, and
hen
ce a
ffect
the
pro
babi
lity
of o
ccur
renc
es o
f tr
aits
in a
pop
ulat
ion,
thu
s th
e va
riatio
n an
d di
strib
utio
n of
tr
aits
obs
erve
d de
pend
s on
bot
h ge
netic
and
env
ironm
enta
l fa
ctor
s. (
HS-
LS3-
2)
• Em
piric
al e
vide
nce
is r
equi
red
to d
iffer
entia
te b
etw
een
caus
e an
d co
rrel
atio
n an
d m
ake
clai
ms
abou
t sp
ecifi
c ca
uses
an
d ef
fect
s. (
HS-
LS3-
2)
Stud
ents
sho
uld
be d
evel
opin
g an
und
erst
andi
ng t
hat:
Pri
nci
ple
III
Con
cept
a:
Nat
ural
sys
tem
s pr
ocee
d th
roug
h cy
cles
and
pro
cess
es t
hat
are
requ
ired
for
thei
r fu
nctio
ning
.P
rin
cipl
e II
I C
once
pt c
: H
uman
pra
ctic
es c
an a
lter
the
cycl
es a
nd p
roce
sses
tha
t op
erat
e w
ithin
nat
ural
sys
tem
s.
Pri
nci
ple
IV C
once
pt b
: Th
e by
prod
ucts
of
hum
an
activ
ity a
r e n
ot r
eadi
ly p
reve
nted
fro
m e
nter
ing
natu
ral
syst
ems
and
may
be
bene
ficia
l, ne
utra
l, or
det
rimen
tal i
n th
eir
effe
ct.
Pri
nci
ple
IV C
once
pt c
: Th
e ca
paci
ty o
f na
tura
l sys
tem
s to
adj
ust
to h
uman
-cau
sed
alte
ratio
ns d
epen
ds o
n th
e na
ture
of
the
syst
em a
s w
ell a
s th
e sc
ope,
sca
le, a
nd
dura
tion
of t
he a
ctiv
ity a
nd t
he n
atur
e of
its
bypr
oduc
ts.
Rel
evan
t EE
I U
nit
s th
at c
an S
upp
ort
NG
SS
In
stru
ctio
n
Hig
h Te
ch H
arve
st:
Gen
etic
Eng
inee
ring
and
the
Envi
ronm
ent
The
Isol
atio
n of
Sp
ecie
s
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
1665Appendix 22016 California Science Framework
HS
-LS
4 B
IOLO
GIC
AL
EV
OLU
TIO
N:
UN
ITY
AN
D D
IVE
RS
ITY
Per
form
ance
Ex
pect
atio
ns
HS
-LS
4-2
: Co
nstr
uct
an e
xpla
natio
n ba
sed
on
evid
ence
tha
t th
e pr
oces
s of
ev
olut
ion
prim
arily
res
ults
fr
om fo
ur fa
ctor
s: (
1) t
he
pote
ntia
l for
a s
peci
es t
o in
crea
se in
num
ber,
(2)
the
herit
able
gen
etic
var
iatio
n of
indi
vidu
als
in a
spe
cies
du
e to
mut
atio
n an
d se
xual
re
prod
uctio
n, (
3) c
ompe
titio
n fo
r lim
ited
reso
urce
s,
and
(4)
the
prol
ifera
tion
of t
hose
org
anis
ms
that
ar
e be
tter
abl
e to
sur
vive
an
d re
prod
uce
in t
he
envi
ronm
ent.
[C
lari
fica
tion
S
tate
men
t: E
mph
asis
is o
n u
sin
g ev
iden
ce t
o ex
pla
in
the
infl
uen
ce e
ach
of t
he
fou
r fa
ctor
s h
as o
n n
um
ber
of
org
anis
ms,
beh
avio
rs,
mor
phol
ogy,
or
phys
iolo
gy in
te
rms
of a
bili
ty t
o co
mp
ete
for
limit
ed r
esou
rces
an
d su
bse
quen
t su
rviv
al o
f in
divi
dual
s an
d ad
apta
tion
of
sp
ecie
s. E
xam
ple
s of
ev
iden
ce c
ould
incl
ude
m
ath
emat
ical
mod
els
such
as
sim
ple
dis
trib
uti
on g
raph
s an
d pr
opor
tion
al r
easo
nin
g.]
[Ass
essm
ent
Bou
ndar
y:
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
EP&
Cs,
CC
Cs,
an
d S
EPs
Pri
nci
ple
I Th
e co
ntin
uatio
n an
d he
alth
of
indi
vidu
al
hum
an li
ves
and
of h
uman
co
mm
uniti
es a
nd s
ocie
ties
depe
nd o
n th
e he
alth
of
the
natu
ral s
yste
ms
that
pro
vide
es
sent
ial g
oods
and
eco
syst
em
serv
ices
.P
rin
cipl
e II
The
long
-ter
m
func
tioni
ng a
nd h
ealth
of
terr
estr
ial,
fres
hwat
er, c
oast
al
and
mar
ine
ecos
yste
ms
are
influ
ence
d by
the
ir re
latio
nshi
ps
with
hum
an s
ocie
ties.
Cro
sscu
ttin
g C
once
pts
Cau
se a
nd
Effe
ct•
Empi
rical
evi
denc
e is
req
uire
d to
diff
eren
tiate
bet
wee
n ca
use
and
corr
elat
ion
and
mak
e cl
aim
s ab
out
spec
ific
caus
es
and
effe
cts.
(H
S-LS
4-2)
(H
S-LS
4-4)
(H
S-LS
4-5)
Pat
tern
s•
Diff
eren
t pa
tter
ns m
ay b
e ob
serv
ed a
t ea
ch o
f th
e sc
ales
at
whi
ch a
sys
tem
is s
tudi
ed
and
can
prov
ide
evid
ence
for
caus
ality
in e
xpla
natio
ns o
f ph
enom
ena.
(H
S-LS
4-1)
(H
S-LS
4-3)
Cla
rifi
cati
ons
and
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
DC
Is
and
EP&
Cs
Dis
cipl
inar
y C
ore
Idea
s
As s
tude
nts
lear
n th
at:
LS4
.C E
volu
tion
is a
con
sequ
ence
of
the
inte
rac-
tion
of fo
ur fa
ctor
s: (
1) t
he p
oten
tial f
or a
spe
cies
to
incr
ease
in n
umbe
r, (2
) th
e ge
netic
var
iatio
n of
in
divi
dual
s in
a s
peci
es d
ue t
o m
utat
ion
and
sexu
al
repr
oduc
tion,
(3)
com
petit
ion
for
an e
nviro
nmen
t’s
limite
d su
pply
of
the
reso
urce
s th
at in
divi
dual
s ne
ed
in o
rder
to
surv
ive
and
repr
oduc
e, a
nd (
4) t
he e
nsu-
ing
prol
ifera
tion
of t
hose
org
anis
ms
that
are
bet
ter
able
to
surv
ive
and
repr
oduc
e in
tha
t en
viro
nmen
t.
(HS-
LS4-
2)LS
4.C
Ada
ptat
ion
also
mea
ns t
hat
the
dist
ribut
ion
of t
raits
in a
pop
ulat
ion
can
chan
ge w
hen
cond
ition
s ch
ange
. (H
S-LS
4-3)
LS4
.C C
hang
es in
the
phy
sica
l env
ironm
ent,
w
heth
er n
atur
ally
occ
urrin
g or
hum
an in
duce
d, h
ave
thus
con
trib
uted
to
the
expa
nsio
n of
som
e sp
ecie
s,
the
emer
genc
e of
new
dis
tinct
spe
cies
as
popu
latio
ns
dive
rge
unde
r di
ffere
nt c
ondi
tions
, and
the
dec
line—
and
som
etim
es t
he e
xtin
ctio
n—of
som
e sp
ecie
s.
(HS-
LS4-
5) (
HS-
LS4-
6)LS
4.C
Spe
cies
bec
ome
extin
ct b
ecau
se t
hey
can
no
long
er s
urvi
ve a
nd r
epro
duce
in t
heir
alte
red
envi
-ro
nmen
t. I
f m
embe
rs c
anno
t ad
just
to
chan
ge t
hat
is t
oo fa
st o
r dr
astic
, the
opp
ortu
nity
for
the
spec
ies’
ev
olut
ion
is lo
st. (
HS-
LS4-
5)LS
4.D
Hum
ans
depe
nd o
n th
e liv
ing
wor
ld fo
r th
e re
sour
ces
and
othe
r be
nefit
s pr
ovid
ed b
y bi
odiv
ersi
ty.
But
hum
an a
ctiv
ity is
als
o ha
ving
adv
erse
impa
cts
on
Rel
evan
t EE
I U
nit
s th
at c
an S
upp
ort
NG
SS
In
stru
ctio
n
Hig
h Te
ch H
arve
st:
Gen
etic
Eng
inee
ring
and
the
Envi
ronm
ent
Diff
eren
tial S
urvi
val o
f O
rgan
ism
s
Biod
iver
sity
: Th
e Ke
ysto
ne t
o Li
fe o
n Ea
rth
Ecos
yste
m C
hang
e in
Ca
lifor
nia
Biod
iver
sity
: Th
e W
orld
’s R
iche
s
The
Isol
atio
n of
Sp
ecie
s
Oce
an C
urre
nts
and
Nat
ural
Sys
tem
s
Liqu
id G
old:
Ca
lifor
nia’
s W
ater
1666
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
Appendix 2 2016 California Science Framework
HS
-LS
4 B
IOLO
GIC
AL
EV
OLU
TIO
N:
UN
ITY
AN
D D
IVE
RS
ITY
Ass
essm
ent
does
not
incl
ude
othe
r m
echa
nism
s of
evo
lu-
tion
, suc
h as
gen
etic
dri
ft,
gene
flo
w t
hrou
gh m
igra
tion
, an
d co
-evo
luti
on.]
HS-
LS4
-4:
Cons
truc
t an
exp
lana
tion
base
d on
ev
iden
ce fo
r ho
w n
atur
al
sele
ctio
n le
ads
to a
dapt
atio
n of
pop
ulat
ions
. [C
lari
fica
tion
S
tate
men
t: E
mph
asis
is
on u
sin
g da
ta t
o pr
ovid
e ev
iden
ce f
or h
ow s
pec
ific
b
ioti
c an
d ab
ioti
c di
ffer
ence
s in
eco
syst
ems
(su
ch a
s ra
nge
sof
sea
son
al t
emp
erat
ure
, lo
ng-
term
clim
ate
chan
ge,
acid
ity,
ligh
t, g
eogr
aph
ic
bar
rier
s, o
r ev
olu
tion
of
oth
er
orga
nis
ms)
con
trib
ute
to
a ch
ange
in g
ene
freq
uen
cy
over
tim
e, le
adin
g to
ad
apta
tion
of
pop
ula
tion
s.]
HS
-LS
4-5
: Ev
alua
te
the
evid
ence
sup
port
ing
clai
ms
that
cha
nges
in
envi
ronm
enta
l con
ditio
ns
may
res
ult
in:
(1)
incr
ease
s in
the
num
ber
of in
divi
dual
s of
som
e sp
ecie
s, (
2) t
he
emer
genc
e of
new
spe
cies
ov
er t
ime,
and
(3)
the
ex
tinct
ion
of o
ther
spe
cies
.
Con
nect
ions
to
Nat
ure
of
Scie
nce
Sci
enti
fic
Kn
owle
dge
Ass
um
es a
n O
rder
an
d C
onsi
sten
cy in
Nat
ura
l S
yste
ms
• Sc
ient
ific
know
ledg
e is
bas
ed
on t
he a
ssum
ptio
n th
at
natu
ral l
aws
oper
ate
toda
y as
th
ey d
id in
the
pas
t an
d th
ey
will
con
tinue
to
do s
o in
the
fu
ture
. (H
S-LS
4-4)
S
cien
ce a
nd
Engi
nee
rin
g P
ract
ices
Con
stru
ctin
g Ex
plan
atio
ns
and
Des
ign
ing
Sol
uti
ons
• Co
nstr
uct
an e
xpla
natio
n ba
sed
on v
alid
and
rel
iabl
e ev
iden
ce o
btai
ned
from
a
varie
ty o
f so
urce
s (in
clud
ing
stud
ents
’ ow
n in
vest
igat
ions
, m
odel
s, t
heor
ies,
sim
ulat
ions
, pe
er r
evie
w)
and
the
assu
mpt
ion
that
the
orie
s an
d la
ws
that
des
crib
e th
e na
tura
l wor
ld o
pera
te t
oday
as
the
y di
d in
the
pas
t an
d w
ill c
ontin
ue t
o do
so
in t
he
futu
re. (
HS-
LS4-
2) (
HS-
LS4-
4)
biod
iver
sity
thr
ough
ove
rpop
ulat
ion,
ove
rexp
loita
tion,
bl
an
habi
tat
dest
ruct
ion,
pol
lutio
n, in
trod
uctio
n of
inva
sive
sp
ecie
s, a
nd c
limat
e ch
ange
. Thu
s su
stai
ning
bi
odiv
ersi
ty s
o th
at e
cosy
stem
func
tioni
ng a
nd
prod
uctiv
ity a
re m
aint
aine
d is
ess
entia
l to
supp
ortin
g an
d en
hanc
ing
life
on E
arth
. Sus
tain
ing
biod
iver
sity
al
so a
ids
hum
anity
by
pres
ervi
ng la
ndsc
apes
of
recr
eatio
nal o
r in
spira
tiona
l val
ue. (
HS-
LS4-
6)
(Not
e: T
his
Dis
cipl
inar
y Co
re I
dea
is a
lso
addr
esse
d by
HS-
LS2-
7.)
k
lank
Envi
ron
men
tal P
rin
cipl
es a
nd
Con
cept
(s)
b
Stud
ents
sho
uld
be d
evel
opin
g an
und
erst
andi
ng
that
:P
rin
cipl
e II
Con
cept
a:
Dire
ct a
nd in
dire
ct
chan
ges
to n
atur
al s
yste
ms
due
to t
he g
row
th o
f hu
man
pop
ulat
ions
and
the
ir co
nsum
ptio
n ra
tes
influ
ence
the
geo
grap
hic
exte
nt, c
ompo
sitio
n,
biol
ogic
al d
iver
sity
, and
via
bilit
y of
nat
ural
sys
tem
s.
Pri
nci
ple
II C
once
pt b
: M
etho
ds u
sed
to e
xtra
ct,
harv
est,
tra
nspo
rt a
nd c
onsu
me
natu
ral r
esou
rces
in
fluen
ce t
he g
eogr
aphi
c ex
tent
, com
posi
tion,
bi
olog
ical
div
ersi
ty, a
nd v
iabi
lity
of n
atur
al s
yste
ms.
Pri
nci
ple
II C
once
pt c
: Th
e ex
pans
ion
and
oper
atio
n of
hum
an c
omm
uniti
es in
fluen
ces
the
geog
raph
ic e
xten
t, c
ompo
sitio
n, b
iolo
gica
l div
ersi
ty,
and
viab
ility
of
natu
ral s
yste
ms.
Pri
nci
ple
I C
once
pt a
: Th
e go
ods
prod
uced
by
natu
ral s
yste
ms
are
esse
ntia
l to
hum
an li
fe a
nd t
o th
e fu
nctio
ning
of
our
econ
omie
s an
d cu
lture
s.
blan
k
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
1667Appendix 22016 California Science Framework
HS
-LS
4 B
IOLO
GIC
AL
EV
OLU
TIO
N:
UN
ITY
AN
D D
IVE
RS
ITY
[Cla
rifi
cati
on S
tate
men
t:
Emph
asis
is o
n de
term
inin
g ca
use
an
d ef
fect
rel
atio
nsh
ips
for
how
ch
ange
s to
th
e en
viro
nm
ent
such
as
defo
rest
atio
n, f
ish
ing,
ap
plic
atio
n of
fer
tiliz
ers,
dr
ough
t, f
lood
, an
d th
e ra
te
of c
han
ge o
f th
e en
viro
nm
ent
affe
ct d
istr
ibu
tion
or
disa
ppea
ran
ce o
f tr
aits
in
spec
ies.
]
Enga
gin
g in
Arg
um
ent
from
Ev
iden
ce•
Eval
uate
the
evi
denc
e be
hind
cur
rent
ly a
ccep
ted
expl
anat
ions
or
solu
tions
to
det
erm
ine
the
mer
its o
f ar
gum
ents
. (H
S-LS
4-5)
Pri
nci
ple
I C
once
pt b
: Th
e ec
osys
tem
ser
vice
s pr
ovid
ed b
y na
tura
l sys
tem
s ar
e es
sent
ial t
o hu
man
lif
e an
d to
the
func
tioni
ng o
f ou
r ec
onom
ies
and
cultu
res.
Pri
nci
ple
I C
once
pt c
: Th
e qu
ality
, qua
ntity
and
re
liabi
lity
of t
he g
oods
and
eco
syst
em s
ervi
ces
pro-
vide
d by
nat
ural
sys
tem
s ar
e di
rect
ly a
ffect
ed b
y th
e he
alth
of
thos
e sy
stem
s.
blan
k
1668
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
Appendix 2 2016 California Science Framework
HS
-ES
S2
EA
RT
H’S
SY
ST
EM
S
Per
form
ance
Exp
ecta
tion
s
HS-
ESS2
-2:
Anal
yze
geos
cien
ce d
ata
to m
ake
the
clai
m t
hat
one
chan
ge t
o Ea
rth’
s su
rfac
e ca
n cr
eate
feed
back
s th
at c
ause
cha
nges
to
othe
r Ea
rth’
s sy
stem
s. [
Cla
rifi
cati
on S
tate
men
t:
Exam
ples
sh
ould
incl
ude
clim
ate
feed
bac
ks, s
uch
as
how
an
incr
ease
in
gree
nhou
se g
ases
cau
ses
a ri
se in
gl
obal
tem
per
atu
res
that
mel
ts g
laci
al
ice,
wh
ich
redu
ces
the
amou
nt
of
sun
ligh
t re
flec
ted
from
Ear
th’s
su
rfac
e,
incr
easi
ng
surf
ace
tem
per
atu
res
and
furt
her
red
uci
ng
the
amou
nt
of ic
e.
Exam
ple
s co
uld
als
o b
e ta
ken
from
ot
her
sys
tem
inte
ract
ion
s, s
uch
as
how
th
e lo
ss o
f gr
oun
d ve
geta
tion
cau
ses
an
incr
ease
in w
ater
ru
nof
f an
d so
il er
osio
n; h
ow d
amm
ed r
iver
s in
crea
se
grou
ndw
ater
rec
har
ge, d
ecre
ase
sedi
men
t tr
ansp
ort,
an
d in
crea
se
coas
tal e
rosi
on;
or h
ow t
he
loss
of
wet
lan
ds
cau
ses
a de
crea
se in
loca
l h
um
idit
y th
at f
urt
her
red
uce
s th
e w
etla
nd
exte
nt.
]H
S-E
SS
2-4
: U
se a
mod
el t
o de
scrib
e ho
w v
aria
tions
in t
he f
low
of
ener
gy
into
and
out
of
Eart
h’s
syst
ems
resu
lt in
cha
nges
in c
limat
e.
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
EP
&C
s,
CC
Cs,
an
d S
EPs
Pri
nci
ple
III
Nat
ural
sys
tem
s pr
ocee
d th
roug
h cy
cles
tha
t hu
man
sde
pend
upo
n, b
enef
it fr
om a
nd c
an
alte
r.P
rin
cipl
e IV
The
exc
hang
e of
m
atte
r be
twee
n na
tura
l sys
tem
s an
d hu
man
soc
ietie
s af
fect
s th
e lo
ng-
term
func
tioni
ng o
f bo
th.
Cro
sscu
ttin
g C
once
pts
Cau
se a
nd
Effe
ct•
Empi
rical
evi
denc
e is
req
uire
d to
di
ffere
ntia
te b
etw
een
caus
e an
d co
rrel
atio
n an
d m
ake
clai
ms
abou
t sp
ecifi
c ca
uses
and
effe
cts.
(H
S-ES
S2-4
)
Ener
gy a
nd
Mat
ter
• Th
e to
tal a
mou
nt o
f en
ergy
an
d m
atte
r in
clo
sed
syst
ems
is
cons
erve
d. (
HS-
ESS2
-6)
Str
uct
ure
an
d Fu
nct
ion
b
• Th
e fu
nctio
ns a
nd p
rope
rtie
s of
na
tura
l and
des
igne
d ob
ject
s an
d sy
stem
s ca
n be
infe
rred
fro
m t
heir
over
all s
truc
ture
, the
way
the
ir co
mpo
nent
s ar
e sh
aped
and
use
d,
and
the
mol
ecul
ar s
ubst
ruct
ures
of
its v
ario
us m
ater
ials
. (H
S-ES
S2-5
)
Cla
rifi
cati
ons
and
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
DC
Is a
nd
EP&
Cs
Dis
cipl
inar
y C
ore
Idea
s
As s
tude
nts
lear
n th
at:
ESS
2.A
: Ea
rth
Mat
eria
ls a
nd
Sys
tem
s Ea
rth’
s sy
stem
s, b
eing
dy
nam
ic a
nd in
tera
ctin
g, c
ause
fe
edba
ck e
ffec
ts t
hat
can
incr
ease
or
decr
ease
the
orig
inal
cha
nges
. (H
S-ES
S2-2
)ES
S2
.A:
The
geol
ogic
al r
ecor
d sh
ows
that
cha
nges
to
glob
al a
nd
regi
onal
clim
ate
can
be c
ause
d by
in
tera
ctio
ns a
mon
g ch
ange
s in
the
su
n’s
ener
gy o
utpu
t or
Ear
th’s
orb
it,
tect
onic
eve
nts,
oce
an c
ircul
atio
n,
volc
anic
act
ivity
, gl
acie
rs,
vege
tatio
n,
and
hum
an a
ctiv
ities
. (H
S-ES
S2-4
)ES
S2
.C:
The
Rol
es o
f W
ater
in
Eart
h’s
Su
rfac
e P
roce
sses
The
ab
unda
nce
of li
quid
wat
er o
n Ea
rth’
s su
rfac
e an
d its
uni
que
com
bina
tion
of p
hysi
cal a
nd c
hem
ical
pro
pert
ies
are
cent
ral t
o th
e pl
anet
’s d
ynam
ics.
(H
S-ES
S2-5
)ES
S2
.D:
Wea
ther
an
d C
limat
e G
radu
al a
tmos
pher
ic c
hang
es w
ere
due
to p
lant
s an
d ot
her
orga
nism
s th
at c
aptu
red
carb
on d
ioxi
de a
nd
rele
ased
oxy
gen.
(H
S-ES
S2-6
)
Rel
evan
t EE
I U
nit
s th
at c
an S
upp
ort
NG
SS
In
stru
ctio
n
The
Gre
enho
use
Effe
ct
on N
atur
al S
yste
ms
The
Life
and
Tim
es
of C
arbo
n
Livi
ng U
nder
One
Roo
f
Liqu
id G
old:
Ca
lifor
nia’
s W
ater
Rai
nfor
ests
and
D
eser
ts:
Dis
trib
utio
n,
Use
s an
d H
uman
In
fluen
ces
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
1669Appendix 22016 California Science Framework
HS
-ES
S2
EA
RT
H’S
SY
ST
EM
S
[Cla
rifi
cati
on S
tate
men
t: E
xam
ple
s of
th
e ca
use
s of
clim
ate
chan
ge d
iffe
r by
tim
esca
le, o
ver
1-10
yea
rs:
larg
e vo
lcan
ic e
rup
tion
, oce
an c
ircu
lati
on;
10-1
00
s of
yea
rs:
chan
ges
in h
um
an
acti
vity
, oce
an c
ircu
lati
on, s
olar
ou
tpu
t; 1
0-1
00
s of
th
ousa
nd
s of
ye
ars:
ch
ange
s to
Ear
th’s
orb
it a
nd
the
orie
nta
tion
of
its
axis
; an
d 10
-10
0s
of
mill
ion
s of
yea
rs:
lon
g-te
rm c
han
ges
in
atm
osph
eric
com
pos
itio
n.]
[A
sses
smen
t B
ound
ary:
Ass
essm
ent
of t
he r
esul
ts o
f ch
ange
s in
clim
ate
is li
mit
ed t
o ch
ange
s in
sur
face
tem
pera
ture
s, p
reci
pita
tion
pa
tter
ns, g
laci
al ic
e vo
lum
es, s
ea le
vels
, an
d bi
osph
ere
dist
ribu
tion
.]H
S-E
SS
2-5
: Pl
an a
nd c
ondu
ct a
n in
vest
igat
ion
of t
he p
rope
rtie
s of
wat
er
and
its e
ffect
s on
Ear
th m
ater
ials
an
d su
rfac
e pr
oces
ses.
[C
lari
fica
tion
S
tate
men
t: E
mph
asis
is o
n m
ech
ani-
cal a
nd
chem
ical
inve
stig
atio
ns
wit
h w
ater
an
d a
vari
ety
of s
olid
mat
eria
ls
to p
rovi
de t
he
evid
ence
for
con
nec
tion
s b
etw
een
the
hydr
olog
ic c
ycle
an
d sy
s-te
m in
tera
ctio
ns
com
mon
ly k
now
n as
th
e ro
ck c
ycle
. Exa
mpl
es o
f m
ech
anic
al
inve
stig
atio
ns
incl
ude
str
eam
tra
nsp
or-
tati
on a
nd
dep
osit
ion
usi
ng
a st
ream
ta
ble,
ero
sion
usi
ng
vari
atio
ns
in s
oil
moi
stur
e co
nte
nt,
or
fros
t w
edgi
ng
by
the
expa
nsi
on o
f w
ater
as
it f
reez
es.
Exam
ples
of
chem
ical
inve
stig
atio
ns
incl
ude
ch
emic
al w
eath
erin
g an
d re
crys
-ta
lliza
tion
(by
tes
tin
g th
e so
lubi
lity
of
diff
eren
t m
ater
ials
) or
mel
t ge
ner
atio
n (b
y ex
amin
ing
how
wat
er lo
wer
s th
e m
elti
ng
tem
pera
ture
of
mos
t so
lids)
.]
Sta
bili
ty a
nd
Ch
ange
• Fe
edba
ck (
nega
tive
or p
ositi
ve)
can
stab
ilize
or
dest
abili
ze a
sys
tem
. (H
S-ES
S2-2
)
Con
nec
tion
s to
En
gin
eeri
ng,
Te
chn
olog
y, a
nd
App
licat
ion
s
of S
cien
ceIn
flu
ence
of
Engi
nee
rin
g,
Tech
nol
ogy,
an
d S
cien
ce o
n S
ocie
ty a
nd
the
Nat
ura
l Wor
ld•
New
tec
hnol
ogie
s ca
n ha
ve
deep
impa
cts
on s
ocie
ty a
nd
the
envi
ronm
ent,
incl
udin
g so
me
that
wer
e no
t an
ticip
ated
. An
alys
is o
f co
sts
and
bene
fits
is a
cr
itica
l asp
ect
of d
ecis
ions
abo
ut
tech
nolo
gy. (
HS-
ESS2
-2)
blan
k
Sci
ence
an
d En
gin
eeri
ng
Pra
ctic
es
Dev
elop
ing
and
Usi
ng
Mod
els
• D
evel
op a
mod
el b
ased
on
evid
enc
to il
lust
rate
the
rel
atio
nshi
ps
betw
een
syst
ems
or b
etw
een
com
pone
nts
of a
sys
tem
. (H
S-ES
S2-1
) (H
S-ES
S2-3
) (H
S-ES
S2-6
)
e
• U
se a
mod
el t
o pr
ovid
e m
echa
nist
icac
coun
ts o
f ph
enom
ena.
(H
S-ES
S2-4
)
Pla
nn
ing
and
Car
ryin
g O
ut
Inve
stig
atio
ns
• Pl
an a
nd c
ondu
ct a
n in
vest
igat
ion
indi
vidu
ally
and
col
labo
rativ
ely
to
prod
uce
data
to
serv
e as
the
bas
is
for
evid
ence
, and
in t
he d
esig
n:
deci
de o
n ty
pes,
how
muc
h, a
nd
ESS
2.D
: Ch
ange
s in
the
atm
osph
ere
due
to h
uman
act
ivity
hav
e in
crea
sed
carb
on d
ioxi
de c
once
ntra
tions
and
th
us a
ffect
clim
ate.
(H
S-ES
S2-6
) (H
S-ES
S2-4
)Se
cond
ary
DCI(
s)ES
S1
.B:
Eart
h a
nd
the
Sol
ar
Sys
tem
Cyc
lical
cha
nges
in t
he
shap
e of
Ear
th’s
orbi
t ar
ound
the
su
n, t
oget
her
with
cha
nges
in t
he t
ilt
of t
he p
lane
t’s a
xis
of r
otat
ion,
bot
h oc
curr
ing
over
hun
dred
s of
tho
usan
ds
of y
ears
, hav
e al
tere
d th
e in
tens
ity
and
dist
ribut
ion
of s
unlig
ht fa
lling
on
the
eart
h. T
hese
phe
nom
ena
caus
e a
cycl
e of
ice
ages
and
oth
er g
radu
al
clim
ate
chan
ges.
(se
cond
ary
to
HS-
ESS2
-4)
Envi
ron
men
tal P
rin
cipl
es a
nd
Con
cept
(s)
Stud
ents
sho
uld
be d
evel
opin
g an
un
ders
tand
ing
that
:P
rin
cipl
e II
I C
once
pt a
: N
atur
al
syst
ems
proc
eed
thro
ugh
cycl
es a
nd
proc
esse
s th
at a
re r
equi
red
for
thei
r fu
nctio
ning
.P
rin
cipl
e II
I C
once
pt b
: H
uman
pr
actic
es d
epen
d up
on a
nd b
enef
it fr
om t
he c
ycle
s an
d pr
oces
ses
that
op
erat
e w
ithin
nat
ural
sys
tem
s.
blan
k
1670
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
Appendix 2 2016 California Science Framework
HS
-ES
S2
EA
RT
H’S
SY
ST
EM
S
HS
-ES
S2
-6:
Dev
elop
a q
uant
itativ
e m
odel
to
desc
ribe
the
cycl
ing
of c
arbo
n am
ong
the
hydr
osph
ere,
atm
osph
ere,
ge
osph
ere,
and
bio
sphe
re.
[Cla
rifi
cati
on S
tate
men
t: T
he
carb
on
cycl
e is
a p
rop
erty
of
the
Eart
h sy
stem
th
at a
rise
s fr
om in
tera
ctio
ns
amon
g th
e hy
dros
pher
e, a
tmos
pher
e, g
eosp
her
e,
and
bio
sph
ere.
Em
phas
is is
on
mod
elin
g b
ioge
och
emic
al c
ycle
s th
at in
clu
de
the
cycl
ing
of c
arb
on t
hro
ugh
th
e oc
ean
, atm
osph
ere,
soi
l, an
d b
iosp
her
e (i
ncl
udi
ng
hu
man
s), p
rovi
din
g th
e fo
un
dati
on f
or li
vin
g or
gan
ism
s.]
accu
racy
of
data
nee
ded
to p
ro-
duce
rel
iabl
e m
easu
rem
ents
and
co
nsid
er li
mita
tions
on
the
prec
isio
n of
the
dat
a (e
.g.,
num
ber
of t
ri-al
s, c
ost,
ris
k, t
ime)
, and
ref
ine
the
desi
gn a
ccor
ding
ly. (
HS-
ESS2
-5)
An
alyz
ing
and
Inte
rpre
tin
g D
ata
• An
alyz
e da
ta u
sing
too
ls,
tech
nolo
gies
, and
/or
mod
els
(e.g
., co
mpu
tatio
nal,
mat
hem
atic
al)
in
orde
r to
mak
e va
lid a
nd r
elia
ble
scie
ntifi
c cl
aim
s or
det
erm
ine
an
optim
al d
esig
n so
lutio
n.
(HS-
ESS2
-2)
Con
nect
ions
to
Nat
ure
of S
cien
ceS
cien
tifi
c K
now
ledg
e is
Bas
ed
on E
mpi
rica
l Evi
den
ce•
Scie
nce
argu
men
ts a
re
stre
ngth
ened
by
mul
tiple
line
s of
evi
denc
e su
ppor
ting
a si
ngle
ex
plan
atio
n. (
HS-
ESS2
-4)
Pri
nci
ple
III
Con
cept
c:
Hum
an
prac
tices
can
alte
r th
e cy
cles
and
pr
oces
ses
that
ope
rate
with
in n
atur
al
syst
ems.
Pri
nci
ple
IV C
once
pt b
: Th
e by
prod
ucts
of
hum
an a
ctiv
ity a
re
not
read
ily p
reve
nted
fro
m e
nter
ing
natu
ral s
yste
ms
and
may
be
bene
ficia
l, ne
utra
l, or
det
rimen
tal i
n th
eir
effe
ct.
Pri
nci
ple
IV C
once
pt c
: Th
e ca
paci
ty o
f na
tura
l sys
tem
s to
adj
ust
to h
uman
-cau
sed
alte
ratio
ns d
epen
ds
on t
he n
atur
e of
the
sys
tem
as
wel
l as
the
sco
pe, s
cale
, and
dur
atio
n of
the
act
ivity
and
the
nat
ure
of it
s by
prod
ucts
.
blan
k
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
1671Appendix 22016 California Science Framework
HS
-ES
S3
EA
RT
H A
ND
HU
MA
N A
CT
IVIT
Y
Per
form
ance
Exp
ecta
tion
s
HS-
ESS3
-1:
Cons
truc
t an
ex
plan
atio
n ba
sed
on e
vide
nce
for
how
the
ava
ilabi
lity
of n
atur
al
reso
urce
s, o
ccur
renc
e of
nat
ural
ha
zard
s, a
nd c
hang
es in
clim
ate
have
influ
ence
d hu
man
act
ivity
. [C
lari
fica
tion
Sta
tem
ent:
Exa
mp
les
of k
ey n
atu
ral r
esou
rces
incl
ude
ac
cess
to
fres
h w
ater
(su
ch a
s ri
vers
, lak
es, a
nd
grou
ndw
ater
),
regi
ons
of f
erti
le s
oils
su
ch a
s ri
ver
delt
as, a
nd
hig
h co
nce
ntr
atio
ns
of m
iner
als
and
foss
il fu
els.
Ex
amp
les
of n
atu
ral h
azar
ds
can
be
from
inte
rior
pro
cess
es
(su
ch a
s vo
lcan
ic e
rup
tion
s an
d ea
rth
quak
es),
su
rfac
e pr
oces
ses
(su
ch a
s ts
un
amis
, mas
s w
asti
ng
and
soil
eros
ion)
, an
d se
vere
w
eath
er (
such
as
hu
rric
anes
, fl
ood
s, a
nd
drou
ghts
). E
xam
ple
s of
th
e re
sult
s of
ch
ange
s in
clim
ate
that
can
aff
ect
pop
ula
tion
s or
dri
ve
mas
s m
igra
tion
s in
clu
de c
han
ges
to s
ea le
vel,
regi
onal
pat
tern
s of
te
mp
erat
ure
an
d pr
ecip
itat
ion
, an
d th
e ty
pes
of
crop
s an
d liv
esto
ck
that
can
be
rais
ed.]
HS-
ESS3
-2:
Eval
uate
com
petin
g de
sign
sol
utio
ns fo
r de
velo
ping
, m
anag
ing,
and
util
izin
g en
ergy
an
d m
iner
al r
esou
rces
bas
ed o
n co
st-b
enef
it ra
tios.
*
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
EP
&C
s,
CC
Cs,
an
d S
EPs
Pri
ncip
le I
The
con
tinua
tion
and
heal
th o
f in
divi
dual
hum
an li
ves
and
of h
uman
com
mun
ities
and
soc
ietie
s de
pend
on
the
heal
th o
f th
e na
tura
l sy
stem
s th
at p
rovi
de e
ssen
tial g
oods
an
d ec
osys
tem
ser
vice
s.P
rinc
iple
II
The
long
-ter
m
func
tioni
ng a
nd h
ealth
of
terr
estr
ial,
fres
hwat
er, c
oast
al a
nd m
arin
e ec
osys
tem
s ar
e in
fluen
ced
by t
heir
rela
tions
hips
with
hum
an s
ocie
ties.
P
rinc
iple
III
Nat
ural
sys
tem
s pr
ocee
d th
roug
h cy
cles
tha
t hu
man
s de
pend
upo
n, b
enef
it fr
om a
nd c
an
alte
r. P
rinc
iple
IV
The
exc
hang
e of
m
atte
r be
twee
n na
tura
l sys
tem
s an
d hu
man
soc
ietie
s af
fect
s th
e lo
ng-t
erm
func
tioni
ng o
f bo
th.
Pri
ncip
le V
Dec
isio
ns a
ffect
ing
reso
urce
s an
d na
tura
l sys
tem
s ar
e ba
sed
on a
wid
e ra
nge
of
cons
ider
atio
ns a
nd d
ecis
ion-
mak
ing
proc
esse
s.
Cla
rifi
cati
ons
and
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
DC
Is a
nd
EP&
Cs
Dis
cipl
inar
y C
ore
Idea
s
As s
tude
nts
lear
n th
at:
ESS
3.A
: N
atu
ral R
esou
rces
Res
ourc
e av
aila
bilit
y ha
s gu
ided
the
dev
elop
men
t of
hum
an s
ocie
ty. (
HS-
ESS3
-1)
All f
orm
s of
ene
rgy
prod
uctio
n an
d ot
her
reso
urce
ext
ract
ion
have
ass
ocia
ted
econ
omic
, soc
ial,
envi
ronm
enta
l, an
d ge
opol
itica
l cos
ts a
nd r
isks
as
wel
l as
bene
fits.
New
tec
hnol
ogie
s an
d so
cial
re
gula
tions
can
cha
nge
the
bala
nce
of
thes
e fa
ctor
s. (
HS-
ESS3
-2)
ESS
3.B
: N
atu
ral H
azar
ds N
atur
al
haza
rds
and
othe
r ge
olog
ic e
vent
s ha
ve
shap
ed t
he c
ours
e of
hum
an h
isto
ry;
[the
y] h
ave
sign
ifica
ntly
alte
red
the
size
s of
hum
an p
opul
atio
ns a
nd h
ave
driv
en
hum
an m
igra
tions
. (H
S-ES
S3-1
)b
ESS
3.C
: H
um
an I
mpa
cts
on E
arth
S
yste
ms
The
sust
aina
bilit
y of
hum
an
soci
etie
s an
d th
e bi
odiv
ersi
ty t
hat
supp
orts
the
m r
equi
res
resp
onsi
ble
man
agem
ent
of n
atur
al r
esou
rces
. (H
S-ES
S3-3
)Sc
ient
ists
and
eng
inee
rs c
an m
ake
maj
or c
ontr
ibut
ions
by
deve
lopi
ng
tech
nolo
gies
tha
t pr
oduc
e le
ss p
ollu
tion
and
was
te a
nd t
hat
prec
lude
eco
syst
em
degr
adat
ion.
(H
S-ES
S3-4
)Se
cond
ary
DCI(
s)
Rel
evan
t EE
I U
nit
s th
at c
an S
upp
ort
NG
SS
In
stru
ctio
n
Biod
iver
sity
: Th
e Ke
ysto
ne t
o Li
fe o
n Ea
rth
The
Gre
enho
use
Effe
ct
on N
atur
al S
yste
ms
The
Life
and
Tim
es
of C
arbo
n
Livi
ng U
nder
One
Roo
f
Hig
h Te
ch H
arve
st:
Gen
etic
Eng
inee
ring
and
the
Envi
ronm
ent
Oce
an C
urre
nts
and
Nat
ural
Sys
tem
s
Rai
nfor
ests
and
D
eser
ts:
Dis
trib
utio
n,
Use
s an
d H
uman
In
fluen
ces
Liqu
id G
old:
Ca
lifor
nia’
s W
ater
1672
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
Appendix 2 2016 California Science Framework
HS
-ES
S3
EA
RT
H A
ND
HU
MA
N A
CT
IVIT
Y
[Cla
rifi
cati
on S
tate
men
t: E
mph
asis
is o
n th
e co
nse
rvat
ion,
rec
yclin
g,
and
reu
se o
f re
sour
ces
(suc
h as
min
eral
s an
d m
etal
s) w
here
po
ssib
le, a
nd
on m
inim
izin
g im
pact
s w
here
it is
not
. Exa
mpl
es in
clu
de
deve
lopi
ng
best
pra
ctic
es f
or
agri
cult
ural
soi
l use
, min
ing
(for
co
al, t
ar s
ands
, an
d oi
l sha
les)
, an
d pu
mpi
ng
(for
pet
role
um a
nd
natu
ral
gas)
. Sci
ence
kn
owle
dge
indi
cate
s w
hat
can
hap
pen
in n
atu
ral
syst
ems—
not
wh
at s
hou
ld h
app
en.]
HS
-ES
S3
-3:
Crea
te a
co
mpu
tatio
nal s
imul
atio
n to
ill
ustr
ate
the
rela
tions
hips
am
ong
man
agem
ent
of n
atur
al r
esou
rces
, th
e su
stai
nabi
lity
of h
uman
po
pula
tions
, and
bio
dive
rsity
. [C
lari
fica
tion
Sta
tem
ent:
Ex
amp
les
of f
acto
rs t
hat
aff
ect
the
man
agem
ent
of n
atu
ral
reso
urc
es in
clu
de c
osts
of
reso
urc
eex
trac
tion
an
d w
aste
man
agem
ent,
per
-cap
ita
con
sum
pti
on, a
nd
the
deve
lopm
ent
of n
ew t
ech
nol
ogie
s.
Exam
ple
s of
fac
tors
th
at a
ffec
t h
um
an s
ust
ain
abili
ty in
clu
de
agri
cult
ura
l eff
icie
ncy
, lev
els
of c
onse
rvat
ion
, an
d u
rban
p
lan
nin
g.]
[Ass
essm
ent
Bou
ndar
y:
Ass
essm
ent
for
com
puta
tion
al
sim
ulat
ions
is li
mit
ed t
o us
ing
prov
ided
mul
ti-p
aram
eter
pr
ogra
ms
or c
onst
ruct
ing
sim
plif
ied
spre
adsh
eet
calc
ulat
ions
.]
blan
k
Cro
sscu
ttin
g C
once
pts
Cau
se a
nd
Effe
ct•
Empi
rical
evi
denc
e is
req
uire
d to
di
ffere
ntia
te b
etw
een
caus
e an
d co
rrel
atio
n an
d m
ake
clai
ms
abou
t sp
ecifi
c ca
uses
and
effe
cts.
(H
S-ES
S3-1
)S
yste
ms
and
Sys
tem
Mod
els
• W
hen
inve
stig
atin
g or
des
crib
ing
a sy
stem
, the
bou
ndar
ies
and
initi
al
cond
ition
s of
the
sys
tem
nee
d to
be
defin
ed a
nd t
heir
inpu
ts a
nd o
utpu
ts
anal
yzed
and
des
crib
ed u
sing
m
odel
s. (
HS-
ESS3
-6)
Sta
bili
ty a
nd
Ch
ange
• Ch
ange
and
rat
es o
f ch
ange
can
be
qua
ntifi
ed a
nd m
odel
ed o
ver
very
sho
rt o
r ve
ry lo
ng p
erio
ds o
f tim
e. S
ome
syst
em c
hang
es a
re
irrev
ersi
ble.
(H
S-ES
S3-3
)
(H
S-ES
S3–5
)
• Fe
edba
ck (
nega
tive
or p
ositi
ve)
can
stab
ilize
or
dest
abili
ze a
sys
tem
. (H
S-ES
S3-4
)
Con
nect
ions
to
Engi
neer
ing,
Te
chno
logy
, and
App
licat
ions
of
Scie
nce
Infl
uen
ce o
f En
gin
eeri
ng,
Te
chn
olog
y, a
nd
Sci
ence
on
Soc
iety
an
d th
e N
atu
ral W
orld
• M
oder
n ci
viliz
atio
n de
pend
s on
m
ajor
tec
hnol
ogic
al s
yste
ms.
(H
S-ES
S3-1
) (H
S-ES
S3-3
)
ank
ESS
2.D
: W
eath
er a
nd
Clim
ate
Curr
ent
mod
els
pred
ict
that
, alth
ough
f u
ture
reg
iona
l clim
ate
chan
ges
will
be
com
plex
and
var
ied,
ave
rage
glo
bal
tem
pera
ture
s w
ill c
ontin
ue t
o ris
e. T
he
outc
omes
pre
dict
ed b
y gl
obal
clim
ate
mod
els
stro
ngly
dep
end
on t
he a
mou
nts
of h
uman
-gen
erat
ed g
reen
hous
e ga
ses
adde
d to
the
atm
osph
ere
each
yea
r an
d by
the
way
s in
whi
ch t
hese
gas
es a
re
abso
rbed
by
the
ocea
n an
d bi
osph
ere.
(s
econ
dary
to
HS-
ESS3
-6)
ETS
1.B
: D
evel
opin
g P
ossi
ble
S
olu
tion
s W
hen
eval
uatin
g so
lutio
ns, i
t is
impo
rtan
t to
tak
e in
to a
ccou
nt a
ran
ge
of c
onst
rain
ts, i
nclu
ding
cos
t, s
afet
y,
relia
bilit
y, a
nd a
esth
etic
s, a
nd t
o co
nsid
er
soci
al, c
ultu
ral,
and
envi
ronm
enta
l im
pact
s. (
seco
ndar
y to
HS-
ESS3
-2)
(sec
onda
ry t
o H
S-ES
S3-4
)
Envi
ron
men
tal P
rin
cipl
es a
nd
Con
cept
(s)
bl
Stud
ents
sho
uld
be d
evel
opin
g an
un
ders
tand
ing
that
:P
rin
cipl
e I
Con
cept
c:
The
qual
ity,
quan
tity
and
relia
bilit
y of
the
goo
ds a
nd
ecos
yste
m s
ervi
ces
prov
ided
by
natu
ral
syst
ems
are
dire
ctly
affe
cted
by
the
heal
th o
f th
ose
syst
ems.
(ES
S2.E
)P
rinc
iple
II
Con
cept
a:
Dire
ct a
nd
indi
rect
cha
nges
to
natu
ral s
yste
ms
due
to t
he g
row
th o
f hum
an p
opul
atio
ns a
nd
thei
r co
nsum
ptio
n ra
tes
influ
ence
the
blan
k
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
1673Appendix 22016 California Science Framework
HS
-ES
S3
EA
RT
H A
ND
HU
MA
N A
CT
IVIT
Y
HS-
ESS3
-4:
Eval
uate
or
refin
e a
tech
nolo
gica
l sol
utio
n th
at r
educ
eim
pact
s of
hum
an a
ctiv
ities
on
natu
ral s
yste
ms.
* [C
lari
fica
tion
S
tate
men
t: E
xam
ples
of
data
on
thim
pac
ts o
f h
um
an a
ctiv
itie
s co
uld
in
clu
de t
he
quan
titi
es a
nd
typ
es
of p
ollu
tan
ts r
elea
sed,
ch
ange
s to
b
iom
ass
and
spec
ies
dive
rsit
y, o
r ar
eal c
han
ges
in la
nd
surf
ace
use
(s
uch
as
for
urb
an d
evel
opm
ent,
ag
ricu
ltur
e an
d liv
esto
ck, o
r su
rfac
min
ing)
. Exa
mp
les
for
limit
ing
futu
re im
pac
ts c
ould
ran
ge f
rom
lo
cal e
ffor
ts (
such
as
redu
cin
g,
reu
sin
g, a
nd
recy
clin
g re
sou
rces
) to
larg
e-sc
ale
geoe
ngi
nee
rin
g de
sign
sol
uti
ons
(su
ch a
s al
teri
ng
glob
al t
emp
erat
ure
s by
mak
ing
larg
e ch
ang
es t
o th
e at
mos
ph
ere
or o
cean
).]
s e e
HS-
ESS3
-5:
Anal
yze
geos
ci-
ence
dat
a an
d th
e re
sults
fro
m
glob
al c
limat
e m
odel
s to
mak
e an
ev
iden
ce-b
ased
fore
cast
of
the
curr
ent
rate
of
glob
al o
r re
gion
al
clim
ate
chan
ge a
nd a
ssoc
iate
d fu
ture
impa
cts
to E
arth
sys
tem
s.
[Cla
rifi
cati
on S
tate
men
t: E
xam
ple
s of
evi
den
ce, f
or b
oth
data
an
d cl
imat
e m
odel
ou
tpu
ts, a
re f
or
clim
ate
chan
ges
(su
ch a
s pr
ecip
i-ta
tion
an
d te
mp
erat
ure
) an
d th
eir
asso
ciat
ed im
pac
ts (
such
as
on s
ea
leve
l, gl
acia
l ice
vol
um
es, o
r at
mo
-sp
her
e an
d oc
ean
com
pos
itio
n).]
• En
gine
ers
cont
inuo
usly
mod
ify t
hese
te
chno
logi
cal s
yste
ms
by a
pply
ing
scie
ntifi
c kn
owle
dge
and
engi
neer
ing
desi
gn p
ract
ices
to
incr
ease
ben
efits
w
hile
dec
reas
ing
cost
s an
d ris
ks.
(HS-
ESS3
-2)
(HS-
ESS3
-4)
• N
ew t
echn
olog
ies
can
have
de
ep im
pact
s on
soc
iety
and
the
en
viro
nmen
t, in
clud
ing
som
e th
at
wer
e no
t an
ticip
ated
. (H
S-ES
S3-3
)•
Anal
ysis
of
cost
s an
d be
nefit
s is
a
criti
cal a
spec
t of
dec
isio
ns a
bout
te
chno
logy
. (H
S-ES
S3-2
)
Con
nect
ions
to
Nat
ure
of S
cien
ceS
cien
ce is
a H
um
an E
nde
avor
• Sc
ienc
e is
a r
esul
t of
hum
an
ende
avor
s, im
agin
atio
n, a
nd
crea
tivity
. (H
S-ES
S3-3
)S
cien
ce A
ddre
sses
Qu
esti
ons
Ab
out
the
Nat
ura
l an
d M
ater
ial
Wor
ld•
Scie
nce
and
tech
nolo
gy m
ay r
aise
et
hica
l iss
ues
for
whi
ch s
cien
ce, b
y its
elf,
does
not
pro
vide
ans
wer
s an
d so
lutio
ns. (
HS-
ESS3
-2)
• Sc
ienc
e kn
owle
dge
indi
cate
s w
hat
can
happ
en in
nat
ural
sys
tem
s—no
t w
hat
shou
ld h
appe
n. T
he
latt
er in
volv
es e
thic
s, v
alue
s, a
nd
hum
an d
ecis
ions
abo
ut t
he u
se o
f kn
owle
dge.
(H
S-ES
S3-2
)•
Man
y de
cisi
ons
are
not
mad
e us
ing
scie
nce
alon
e, b
ut r
ely
on s
ocia
l and
cu
ltura
l con
text
s to
res
olve
issu
es.
(HS-
ESS3
-2)
geog
raph
ic e
xten
t, c
ompo
sitio
n, b
iolo
gica
l di
vers
ity, a
nd v
iabi
lity
of n
atur
al s
yste
ms.
Pri
nci
ple
II C
once
pt b
: M
etho
ds
used
to
extr
act,
har
vest
, tra
nspo
rt a
nd
cons
ume
natu
r al r
esou
rces
influ
ence
th
e ge
ogra
phic
ext
ent,
com
posi
tion,
bi
olog
ical
div
ersi
ty, a
nd v
iabi
lity
of n
atur
al
syst
ems.
Pri
nci
ple
III
Con
cept
c:
Hum
an
prac
tices
can
alte
r th
e cy
cles
and
pr
oces
ses
that
ope
rate
with
in n
atur
al
syst
ems.
Pri
nci
ple
IV C
once
pt b
: Th
e by
prod
ucts
of
hum
an a
ctiv
ity a
re n
ot
read
ily p
reve
nted
fro
m e
nter
ing
natu
ral
syst
ems
and
may
be
bene
ficia
l, ne
utra
l, or
det
rimen
tal i
n th
eir
effe
ct.
Pri
nci
ple
IV C
once
pt c
: Th
e ca
paci
ty
of n
atur
al s
yste
ms
to a
djus
t to
hum
an-
caus
ed a
ltera
tions
dep
ends
on
the
natu
re
of t
he s
yste
m a
s w
ell a
s th
e sc
ope,
sca
le,
and
dura
tion
of t
he a
ctiv
ity a
nd t
he
natu
re o
f its
byp
rodu
cts.
Pri
nci
ple
V C
once
pt a
: Th
e sp
ectr
um
of w
hat
is c
onsi
dere
d in
mak
ing
deci
sion
s ab
out
reso
urce
s an
d na
tura
l sys
tem
s an
d ho
w t
hose
fact
ors
influ
ence
dec
isio
ns.
Pri
nci
ple
V C
once
pt b
: Th
e pr
oces
s of
mak
ing
deci
sion
s ab
out
reso
urce
s an
d na
tura
l sys
tem
s, a
nd h
ow t
he a
sses
smen
t of
soc
ial,
econ
omic
, pol
itica
l, an
d en
viro
nmen
tal f
acto
rs h
as c
hang
ed o
ver
time.
blan
k
blan
k
1674
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
Appendix 2 2016 California Science Framework
HS
-ES
S3
EA
RT
H A
ND
HU
MA
N A
CT
IVIT
Y
[Ass
essm
ent
Bou
ndar
y: A
sses
smen
is li
mit
ed t
o on
e ex
ampl
e of
a
clim
ate
chan
ge a
nd it
s as
soci
ated
im
pact
s.]
HS-
ESS3
-6:
Use
a c
ompu
tatio
nal
repr
esen
tatio
n to
illu
stra
te t
he
rela
tions
hips
am
ong
Eart
h sy
stem
s an
d ho
w t
hose
rel
atio
nshi
ps
are
bein
g m
odifi
ed d
ue t
o hu
man
act
ivity
. [C
lari
fica
tion
S
tate
men
t: E
xam
ple
s of
Ear
th
syst
ems
to b
e co
nsi
dere
d ar
e th
e hy
dros
pher
e, a
tmos
pher
e,
cryo
sph
ere,
geo
sph
ere,
an
d/or
b
iosp
her
e. A
n ex
amp
le o
f th
e fa
r-re
ach
ing
imp
acts
fro
m a
hu
man
ac
tivi
ty is
how
an
incr
ease
in
atm
osph
eric
car
bon
dio
xide
res
ult
s in
an
incr
ease
in p
hot
osyn
thet
ic
bio
mas
s on
lan
d an
d an
in
crea
se in
oce
an a
cidi
fica
tion
, w
ith
resu
ltin
g im
pac
ts o
n se
a or
gan
ism
hea
lth
and
mar
ine
pop
ula
tion
s.]
[A
sses
smen
t B
ound
ary:
Ass
essm
ent
does
not
in
clud
e ru
nnin
g co
mpu
tati
onal
re
pres
enta
tion
s bu
t is
lim
ited
to
usi
ng t
he p
ublis
hed
resu
lts
of
scie
ntif
ic c
ompu
tati
onal
mod
els.
]
blan
kbl
ank
t S
cien
ce a
nd
Engi
nee
rin
g P
ract
ices
An
alyz
ing
and
Inte
rpre
tin
g D
ata
bl•
Anal
yze
data
usi
ng c
ompu
tatio
nal
mod
els
in o
rder
to
mak
e va
lid a
nd
relia
ble
scie
ntifi
c cl
aim
s. (
HS-
ESS3
-5)
Usi
ng
Mat
hem
atic
s an
d C
ompu
tati
onal
Th
inki
ng
• Cr
eate
a c
ompu
tatio
nal m
odel
or
sim
ulat
ion
of a
phe
nom
enon
, de
sign
ed d
evic
e, p
roce
ss, o
r sy
stem
. (H
S-ES
S3-3
)•
Use
a c
ompu
tatio
nal r
epre
sent
atio
n of
phe
nom
ena
or d
esig
n so
lutio
ns t
o de
scrib
e an
d/or
sup
port
cla
ims
and/
or e
xpla
natio
ns. (
HS-
ESS3
-6)
Con
stru
ctin
g Ex
plan
atio
ns
and
Des
ign
ing
Sol
uti
ons
• Co
nstr
uct
an e
xpla
natio
n ba
sed
on
valid
and
rel
iabl
e ev
iden
ce o
btai
ned
from
a v
arie
ty o
f so
urce
s (in
clud
ing
stud
ents
’ ow
n in
vest
igat
ions
, m
odel
s, t
heor
ies,
sim
ulat
ions
, pee
r re
view
) an
d th
e as
sum
ptio
n th
at
theo
ries
and
law
s th
at d
escr
ibe
the
natu
ral w
orld
ope
rate
tod
ay a
s th
ey
did
in t
he p
ast
and
will
con
tinue
to
do s
o in
the
futu
re. (
HS-
ESS3
-1)
• D
esig
n or
refi
ne a
sol
utio
n to
a
com
plex
rea
l-wor
ld p
robl
em, b
ased
on
sci
entifi
c kn
owle
dge,
stu
dent
-ge
nera
ted
sour
ces
of e
vide
nce,
pr
iorit
ized
crit
eria
, and
tra
deof
f co
nsid
erat
ions
. (H
S ES
S3-4
)
ank
blan
k
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
1675Appendix 22016 California Science Framework
Enga
gin
g in
Arg
um
ent
from
Ev
iden
ce
HS
-ES
S3
EA
RT
H A
ND
HU
MA
N A
CT
IVIT
Y
bla
nk
• Ev
alua
te c
ompe
ting
desi
gn
solu
tions
to
a re
al-w
orld
pro
blem
ba
sed
on s
cien
tific
idea
s an
d pr
inci
ples
, em
piric
al e
vide
nce,
an
d lo
gica
l arg
umen
ts r
egar
ding
re
leva
nt fa
ctor
s (e
.g. e
cono
mic
, so
ciet
al, e
nviro
nmen
tal,
ethi
cal
cons
ider
atio
ns).
(H
S-ES
S3-2
)
Con
nect
ions
to
Nat
ure
of S
cien
ceS
cien
tifi
c In
vest
igat
ion
s U
se a
V
arie
ty o
f M
eth
ods
• Sc
ienc
e in
vest
igat
ions
use
div
erse
m
etho
ds a
nd d
o no
t al
way
s us
e th
e sa
me
set
of p
roce
dure
s to
obt
ain
data
. (H
S-ES
S3-5
)•
New
tec
hnol
ogie
s ad
vanc
e sc
ient
ific
know
ledg
e. (
HS-
ESS3
-5)
Sci
enti
fic
Kn
owle
dge
is B
ased
on
Empi
rica
l Evi
den
ce•
Scie
nce
know
ledg
e is
bas
ed o
n em
piric
al e
vide
nce.
(H
S-ES
S3-5
)•
Scie
nce
argu
men
ts a
re s
tren
gthe
ned
by m
ultip
le li
nes
of e
vide
nce
supp
ortin
g a
sing
le e
xpla
natio
n.
(HS-
ESS3
-5)
blan
kbl
ank
1676
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
Appendix 2 2016 California Science Framework
HS
-ET
S1
EN
GIN
EE
RIN
G D
ES
IGN
Per
form
ance
Ex
pect
atio
ns
HS
-ETS
1-3
: Ev
alua
te
a so
lutio
n to
a c
ompl
ex
real
-wor
ld p
robl
em
base
d on
prio
ritiz
ed
crite
ria a
nd t
rade
-of
fs t
hat
acco
unt
for
a ra
nge
of c
onst
rain
ts,
incl
udin
g co
st, s
afet
y,
relia
bilit
y, a
nd a
esth
etic
s,
as w
ell a
s po
ssib
le
soci
al, c
ultu
ral,
and
envi
ronm
enta
l im
pact
s.
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
EP
&C
s,
CC
Cs,
an
d S
EPs
Pri
nci
ple
V D
ecis
ions
affe
ctin
g re
sour
ces
and
natu
ral s
yste
ms
are
base
d on
a w
ide
rang
e of
co
nsid
erat
ions
and
dec
isio
n-m
akin
g pr
oces
ses.
Cro
sscu
ttin
g C
once
pts
Con
nec
tion
s to
En
gin
eeri
ng,
Te
chn
olog
y, a
nd
App
licat
ion
s
of S
cien
ceIn
flu
ence
of
Sci
ence
, En
gin
eeri
ng,
an
d Te
chn
olog
y on
S
ocie
ty a
nd
the
Nat
ura
l Wor
ld
• N
ew t
echn
olog
ies
can
have
de
ep im
pact
s on
soc
iety
and
th
e en
viro
nmen
t, in
clud
ing
som
e th
at w
ere
not
antic
ipat
ed.
Anal
ysis
of
cost
s an
d be
nefit
s is
a
criti
cal a
spec
t of
dec
isio
ns a
bout
te
chno
logy
. (H
S-ET
S1-3
)
Sci
ence
an
d En
gin
eeri
ng
Pra
ctic
es
Con
stru
ctin
g Ex
plan
atio
ns
and
Des
ign
ing
Sol
uti
ons
• Ev
alua
te a
sol
utio
n to
a c
ompl
ex
real
-wor
ld p
robl
em, b
ased
on
scie
ntifi
c kn
owle
dge,
stu
dent
-ge
nera
ted
sour
ces
of e
vide
nce,
pr
iorit
ized
crit
eria
, and
tra
deof
f co
nsid
erat
ions
. (H
S-ET
S1-3
)
Cla
rifi
cati
ons
and
Con
nec
tion
s B
etw
een
DC
Is
and
EP&
Cs
Dis
cipl
inar
y C
ore
Idea
s
As s
tude
nts
lear
n th
at:
ETS
1.A
: D
efin
ing
and
Del
imit
ing
Engi
nee
rin
g P
rob
lem
s Cr
iteria
and
con
stra
ints
als
o in
clud
e sa
tisf y
ing
any
requ
irem
ents
set
by
soci
ety,
suc
h as
ta
king
issu
es o
f ris
k m
itiga
tion
into
acc
ount
, and
th
ey s
houl
d be
qua
ntifi
ed t
o th
e ex
tent
pos
sibl
e an
d st
ated
in s
uch
a w
ay t
hat
one
can
tell
if a
give
n de
sign
mee
ts t
hem
. (H
S-ET
S1-1
)ET
S1
.A:
Hum
anity
face
s m
ajor
glo
bal c
h alle
nges
to
day,
suc
h as
the
nee
d fo
r su
pplie
s of
cle
an w
ater
an
d fo
od o
r fo
r en
ergy
sou
rces
tha
t m
inim
ize
pollu
tion,
whi
ch c
an b
e ad
dres
sed
thro
ugh
engi
neer
ing.
The
se g
loba
l cha
lleng
es a
lso
may
hav
e m
anife
stat
ions
in lo
cal c
omm
uniti
es. (
HS-
ETS1
-1)
ETS
1.B
: D
evel
opin
g P
ossi
ble
Sol
uti
ons
Whe
n ev
alua
ting
solu
tions
, it
is im
port
ant
to t
ake
into
acc
ount
a r
ange
of
cons
trai
nts,
incl
udin
g co
st,
safe
ty, r
elia
bilit
y, a
nd a
esth
etic
s, a
nd t
o co
nsid
er
soci
al, c
ultu
ral,
and
envi
ronm
enta
l im
pact
s.
(HS-
ETS1
-3)
ETS
1.B
: W
hen
eval
uatin
g so
lutio
ns, i
t is
impo
rtan
t to
tak
e in
to a
ccou
nt a
ran
ge o
f co
nstr
aint
s,
incl
udin
g co
st, s
afet
y, r
elia
bilit
y, a
nd a
esth
etic
s,
and
to c
onsi
der
soci
al, c
ultu
ral,
and
envi
ronm
enta
l im
pact
s. (
HS-
ETS1
-3)
ETS
1.C
: O
ptim
izin
g th
e D
esig
n S
olu
tion
Cr
iteria
may
nee
d to
be
brok
en d
own
into
sim
pler
on
es t
hat
can
be a
ppro
ache
d sy
stem
atic
ally
, and
de
cisi
ons
abou
t th
e pr
iorit
y of
cer
tain
crit
eria
ove
r ot
hers
(tr
ade-
offs
) m
ay b
e ne
eded
. (H
S-ET
S1-2
)
Rel
evan
t EE
I U
nit
s th
at c
an S
upp
ort
NG
SS
In
stru
ctio
n
Hig
h Te
ch H
arve
st:
Gen
etic
Eng
inee
ring
and
the
Envi
ronm
ent
The
Gre
enho
use
Effe
ct
on N
atur
al S
yste
ms
Oce
an C
urre
nts
and
Nat
ural
Sys
tem
s
The
Life
and
Tim
es
of C
arbo
n
Livi
ng U
nder
One
Roo
f
Liqu
id G
old:
Ca
lifor
nia’
s W
ater
Connections to Environmental Principles and Concepts
1677Appendix 22016 California Science Framework
Envi
ron
men
tal P
rin
cipl
es a
nd
Con
cept
(s)
HS
-ET
S1
EN
GIN
EE
RIN
G D
ES
IGN
blan
kbl
ank
blan
kbl
ank
Stud
ents
sho
uld
be d
evel
opin
g an
und
erst
andi
ng
that
:P
rin
cipl
e V
Con
cept
a:
The
spec
trum
of
wha
t is
co
nsid
ered
in m
akin
g de
cisi
ons
abou
t re
sour
ces
and
natu
ral s
yste
ms
and
how
tho
se fa
ctor
s in
fluen
ce
deci
sion
s.P
rin
cipl
e V
Con
cept
b:
The
proc
ess
of m
akin
g de
cisi
ons
abou
t re
sour
ces
and
natu
ral s
yste
ms,
and
ho
w t
he a
sses
smen
t of
soc
ial,
econ
omic
, pol
itica
l, an
d en
viro
nmen
tal f
acto
rs h
as c
hang
ed o
ver
time.
This page intentionally blank.