appendix 1 glossary of terms - town of wiscasset, maine · appendix 1 – glossary of terms [type...

WiscassetMunicipalAirport MasterPlanUpdate October2014Appendix1–GlossaryofTerms [Type text]

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Appendix1–GlossaryofTerms

Term–Abbreviation Definition

AAC AircraftApproachCategory

AboveMeanSeaLevel(AMSL)

Referstotheelevation(ontheground)oraltitude(intheair)ofanyobject,relativetotheaveragesealeveldatum.

ADG AirplaneDesignGroup

AdvisoryCircular(AC) GuidelinespublishedbytheFAAthatprovideinformationforthepubicandindustry.InsomecasestheyoutlineacceptablemeansofcompliancewithFederalAviationRegulations(FARs).Inothercases,theyprovidegeneralinformation.AdvisoryCircularsarenotenforceableasarerules.However,sinceuserssometimesfacethechoiceofcomplyingwithanACorspendingmonthstogetapprovalofadifferentmeansofcomplying,anACfrequentlybecomesmandatoryforallpracticalpurposes.

AGL AboveGroundLevel

AIP AirportImprovementProgram

AirNavigationAid SeeNavigationAid.

AirQualityi In1998,FAAreviseditspolicyonairqualitymodelingproceduresandidentifiedtheEmissionsandDispersionModelingSystem(EDMS)astherequiredmodeltoperformairqualityanalysesforaviationsources.ThisrevisedpolicyensurestheconsistencyandqualityofaviationanalysesperformedfortheFAA.

AirTaxi Anairtaxiisafor‐hirepassengerorcargoaircraftwhichoperatesonanon‐demandbasis.IntheUnitedStates,airtaxiandaircharteroperationsaregovernedbyPart135oftheFederalAviationRegulations(FAR),unlikethelargerscheduledaircarrierswhicharegovernedbymorestringentstandardsofFARPart121.

AirTraffic Airtrafficmeansaircraftoperatingintheairoronanairportsurface,exclusiveofloadingrampsandparkingareas.

AirTransportation Airtransportationmeansinterstate,overseas,orforeignairtransportationorthetransportationofmailbyaircraft.


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Aircraft Aircraftmeansadevicethatisusedorintendedtobeusedforflightintheair.

AircraftApproachCategory(AAC)

Asspecifiedin14CFRpart97&97.3,AACisagroupingofaircraftbasedonareferencelandingspeed,1.3timesstallspeedatmaximumcertifiedweight.Thecategoriesare:

CategoryA:Speedlessthan91knots

CategoryB:Speed91knotsormorebutlessthan121knots.

CategoryC:Speed121knotsormorebutlessthan141knots.

CategoryD:Speed141knotsormorebutlessthan166knots.

CategoryE:Speed166knotsormore.

Airplane Airplanemeansanengine‐drivenfixed‐wingaircraftheavierthanairthatissupportedinflightbythedynamicreactionoftheairagainstitswings.

AirplaneDesignGroup(ADG)

Agroupingofairplanesbasedonwingspanortailheight.Whereanairplaneisintwocategories,themostdemandingcategoryshouldbeused.Thegroupsareasfollows:

GroupI:Uptobutnotincluding49feetwingspanortailheightuptobutnotincluding20feet

GroupII:49feetuptobutnotincluding79feetwingspan

GroupIII:79feetuptobutnotincluding118feetwingspanortailheightfrom30uptobutnotincluding45feet

GroupIV:118feetuptobutnotincluding171feetwingspanortailheightfrom45uptobutnotincluding60feet

GroupV:171feetuptobutnotincluding214feetwingspanortailheightfrom60uptobutnotincluding66feet

GroupVI:214feetuptobutnotincluding262feetwingspan

AirportElevation Thehighestpointonanairport’susablerunwayexpressedinfeetabovemeansealevel(MSL).


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AirportImprovementProgram(AIP)

TheAirportImprovementProgramisaUnitedStatesfederalgrantprogramthatprovidesfundstoairportstohelpimprovesafetyandefficiency.Improvementprojectsrelatetorunways,taxiways,ramps,lighting,signage,weatherstations,NAVAIDs,landacquisition,andsomeareasofplanning.TheprogramwasestablishedundertheAirportandAirwayImprovementActof1982.

AirportLayoutPlan Anairportlayoutplanisascaleddrawingofexistingandproposedlandandfacilitiesnecessaryfortheoperationanddevelopmentofanairport.AllairportcarriedoutataFederallyobligatedairportmustbedoneinaccordancewithanFAA‐approvedALP.TheFAA‐approvedALP,totheextentpracticable,shouldconformtotheFAAairportdesignstandardsexistingatthetimeofitsapproval.

AirportNoise Whenevaluatingproposedairportprojects,airportnoiseisoftenthemostcontroversialenvironmentalimpactFAAexamines.Airportdevelopmentactionsthatchangeairportrunwayconfigurations,aircraftoperationsand/ormovements,aircrafttypesusingtheairport,oraircraftflightcharacteristicsmayaffectexistingandfuturenoiselevels.FAA’snoiseanalysisprimarilyfocusesonhowproposedairportactionswouldchangethecumulativenoiseexposureofindividualstoaircraftnoiseinareassurroundingtheairport.

AirportOperationsCount

Thestatisticmaintainedbythecontroltower.Basically,itisthenumberofarrivalsanddeparturesfromtheairport.Specifically,oneairportoperationcountistakenforeachlandandtakeoff,whiletwoairportoperationcounts;i.e.,onelandingandonetakeoff,aretakenforeachlowapproachbelowtrafficpatternaltitude,stopandgo,ortouchandgooperation.

AirportOverlayDistrict

Anairportoverlaydistrictisdesigntoreduceexposureofresidentialandothersensitivelandusestoaircraftoperationsandtheirpotentialimpacts,includingnoise;toreduceriskstopublicsafetyfromaircraftaccidents;andtodiscouragetrafficcongestionandincompatiblelandusesproximateto,andwithinairportreviewareas.


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AirportReferenceCode(ARC)

TheARCisacodingsystemusedtorelateairportdesigncriteriatotheoperationalandphysicalcharacteristicsoftheairplanesintendedtooperateattheairport.Theairportreferencecodehastwocomponentsrelatingtotheairportdesignaircraft.Thefirstcomponent,depictedbyaletter,istheaircraftapproachcategoryandrelatestoaircraftapproachspeed(operationalcharacteristic).ThesecondcomponentdepictedbyaRomannumeral,istheairplanedesigngroupandrelatestoairplanewingspanortailheight(physicalcharacteristics),whicheveristhemostrestrictive.Generally,runwaysstandardsarerelatedtoaircraftapproachspeed,airplanewingspan,anddesignatedorplannedapproachvisibilityminimums.Taxiwayandtaxilanestandardsarerelatedtoairplanedesigngroup.

AirportReferencePoint(ARP)

Thelatitudeandlongitudeoftheapproximatecenteroftheairport.

Airside Theaircraftoperationalsideofanairport,includingrunways,taxiways,aircraftaprons,andtheirsupportinginfrastructure.

AMPU AirportMasterPlanUpdate

AMSL AboveMeanSeaLevel

AOD AirportOverlayDistrict

APAC AirportPlanningAdvisoryCommittee


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ApproachMinimum PilotsmaynotoperateanaircraftatanyairportbelowtheauthorizedMDAorcontinueanapproachbelowtheauthorizedDA/DHunless:

1. Theaircraftiscontinuouslyinapositionfromwhichadescenttoalandingontheintendedrunwaycanbemadeatanormaldescentrateusingnormalmaneuvers;

2. Theflightvisibilityisnotlessthanthatprescribedfortheapproachprocedurebeingused;and

3. Atleastoneofthefollowingvisualreferencesfortheintendedrunwayisvisibleandidentifiabletothepilot:

Approachlightsystem

Threshold

Thresholdmarkings

Thresholdlights

Runwayendidentifierlights(REIL)

Visualapproachslopeindicator(VASI)

Touchdownzoneortouchdownzonemarkings

Touchdownzonelights

Runwayorrunwaymarkings

Runwaylights

ApproachProcedure SeeInstrumentApproachProcedure

ApproachVisibilityMinimums

Lowestallowablevisibilityforaparticularinstrumentapproachprocedure.ForthepurposesofRDC,visibilityminimumsareexpressedbyRVRvaluesof1200,1600,2400,and4000feet.

Apron Theairportorapronorrampispartofanairport.Itisusuallytheareawhereaircraftareparked,unloadedorloaded,refueledorboarded.Althoughtheuseoftheaproniscoveredbyregulations,suchaslightingonvehicles,itistypicallymoreaccessibletousersthantherunwayortaxiway.However,theapronisnotusuallyopentothegeneralpublicandalicensemayberequiredtogainaccess.

ARP AirportReferencePoint

ASOS AutomaticSurfaceObservationSystem

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airport

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runway

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxiway


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ATC AirTrafficControl

AutomaticSurfaceObservationSystem

(ASOS)

Automatedweatherreportingsystemsconsistingofvarioussensors,aprocessor,acomputer‐generatedvoicesubsystem,andatransmittertobroadcastweatherdata.Note:ASOSandAWOSarethesamebasicsystems,justdevelopedfordifferentFederalagencies.

AvigationEasement Aneasementorrightofoverflightintheairspaceaboveorinthevicinityofaparticularproperty.Italsoincludestherighttocreatesuchnoiseorothereffectsasmayresultfromthelawfuloperationofaircraftinsuchairspaceandtherighttoremoveanyobstructionstosuchoverflight.Hence,avigationeasementpermitsaircraftapproachinganairporttoflyatlowelevationsaboveprivateproperty.Thisineffectpreventsthelandowner’snearairportsfrombuildingaboveasetheightorrequiresthetrimmingoftrees.Thereisarealandimportantdifferencebetweenaclearanceeasementandanavigationeasementandthatthepriorexistenceofonedoesnotasamatteroflawprecludethepossibilityofinversecondemnationoftheother.

BasedAircraft Anaircraftlocatedatanairportamajorityofthetime.Usedforaccountingpurposesforfederal,stateandlocalreasons.

BioticCommunities ForpurposesofthisAppendix,theterm“bioticcommunities”meansvarioustypesofflora(plants)andfauna(fish,birds,reptiles,amphibians,marinemammals,coralreefs,etc.)inaparticulararea.Thetermalsomeansrivers,lakes,wetlands,forests,uplandcommunities,andotherhabitattypessupportingfloraandaquaticandavianfauna.

BuildingRestrictionLine(BRL)

Alinethatidentifiessuitablebuildingarealocationsonairports.Thelinerepresentsanarbitraryelevation,selectedbytheplanner.Thus,objectsmaybeinsidetheline(closertotherunway)andstillpermitted,iftheydonotexceed.

Category Asusedwithrespecttothecertificationofaircraft,meansagroupingofaircraftbaseduponintendeduseoroperatinglimitations.Examplesinclude:transport,normal,utility,acrobatic,limited,restricted,andprovisional.

CFR CodeofFederalRegulations

CirclingApproach Amaneuverinitiatedbythepilottoaligntheaircraftwitharunwayforlandingwhenastraightinlandingfromaninstrumentapproachisnotpossibleorisnotdesirable.


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CivilAircraft Civilaircraftmeansaircraftotherthanpublicaircraft.

Class Asusedwithrespecttothecertificationofaircraft,meansabroadgroupingofaircrafthavingsimilarcharacteristicsofpropulsion,flight,orlanding.Examplesinclude:airplane,rotorcraft,glider,balloon,landplane,andseaplane.

CoastalBarriers Barrierislandsaregeologicallyunstableformationsandcannotsupportdevelopment.Yet,theyprotectthemainlandbybufferingstormorhurricane‐drivenwindsorwaves.Asaresult,theseislandsprotectfish,wildlife,humanlife,andpropertyalongcoastsandshorelines.

CoastalZoneManagementProgram

InaccordancewithCoastalZoneManagementActregulations,aletterofconcurrencewithfederalconsistencyrequirements(15CFRPart930)orawaiverisrequiredforactivitiesusingfederalfundsinamunicipalitylocatedwithinthecoastalzone.

CodeofFederalRegulations(CFR)

TheCodeofFederalRegulations(CFR)isthecodificationofthegeneralandpermanentrulesandregulations(sometimescalledadministrativelaw)publishedintheFederalRegisterbytheexecutivedepartmentsandagenciesoftheFederalGovernmentoftheUnitedStates.TheCFRispublishedbytheOfficeoftheFederalRegister,anagencyoftheNationalArchivesandRecordsAdministration.

CommercialOperator(oroperation)

Commercialoperatormeansapersonwho,forcompensationorhire,engagesinthecarriagebyaircraftinaircommerceofpersonsorproperty,otherthanasanaircarrierorforeignaircarrierorundertheauthorityofPart375ofthistitle.Whereitisdoubtfulthatanoperationisfor‘‘compensationorhire’’,thetestappliediswhetherthecarriagebyairismerelyincidentaltotheperson’sotherbusinessoris,initself,amajorenterpriseforprofit.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_administrative_law

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_administrative_law

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Register

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Government_of_the_United_States

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_the_Federal_Register

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration


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CommonTrafficAdvisoryFrequency

(CTAF)

CommonTrafficAdvisoryFrequency(CTAF)isthenamegiventotheVHFradiofrequencyusedforair‐to‐aircommunicationatU.S.,non‐toweredairports.Manytoweredairportsclosetheirtowersovernight,butkeepingtheairportduringperiodswhenactivityisverylow.Pilotsusethecommonfrequencytocoordinatetheirarrivalsanddeparturessafely,givingpositionreportsandacknowledgingotheraircraftintheairfieldtrafficpattern.Inmanylocations,smallerairportsusepilot‐controlledlightingsystemswhenitisuneconomicalorinconvenienttohaveautomatedsystemsorstafftoturnonthetaxiwayandrunwaylights.TwocommonCTAFallocationsareUNICOM,alicensednon‐governmentbasestationthatprovidesair‐to‐groundcommunications(andviceversa)andmayalsoserveasaCTAFwheninoperation,andMULTICOM,afrequencyallocation(withoutaphysicalbasestation)thatisreservedasaCTAFforairportswithoutotherfacilities.

CompatibleLandUse Thecompatibilityofexistingandplannedlandusesinthevicinityofanairportisusuallyassociatedwiththeextentofpotentialaircraft‐noiseimpactsfromtheairport,aswellassafetyconcernswiththelandunderairportimaginarysurfaces.Mostlandusesoccurringadjacenttoandwithintheboundsofairportpropertyinvolveaviationandcommercialactivitiesandareconsideredcompatiblewithairportoperations.Ruralresidential,agriculturalandindustrial(landfill)developmentcomprisetheprincipallandusesadjacenttoairportproperty.Ruralresidentialandagriculturallandusesaretypicallyregardedascompatiblewithstandardgeneralaviationoperations.

ConstructionImpacts Airportconstructionmaycausevariousenvironmentaleffectsprimarilyduetodust,aircraftandheavyequipmentemissions,stormwaterrunoffcontainingsedimentand/orspilledorleakingpetroleumproductsandnoise.Inmostcases,theseeffectsaresubjecttoFederal,State,orlocalordinancesorregulations.Whilethelong‐termimpactsoftheproposedactionareusuallygreaterthanconstructionimpacts,sometimesconstructionmayalsocausesignificantshort‐termimpacts.Descriptionsofthemanyconstructionimpactsassociatedwithairportactionsareoftencoveredinthedescriptionsofotherenvironmentalimpactcategories.

CriticalDesignAirplane Theairplane(orfamilygroupingofairplanes)withthelongestwingspanandfastestapproachspeedthatconductsatleast500ormoreannualitinerantoperationsattheairport.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VHF

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VHF

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-towered_airport

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-towered_airport

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviator

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airfield_traffic_pattern

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airfield_traffic_pattern

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilot_Controlled_Lighting

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilot_Controlled_Lighting

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxiway

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNICOM

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MULTICOM


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CTAF CommonTrafficAdvisoryFrequency

DA DecisionAltitude

DecisionAltitude(DA) Aspecifiedaltitudeintheprecisionapproach,chartedinfeetMSL,atwhichamissedapproachmustbeinitiatediftherequiredvisualreferencetocontinuetheapproachhasnotbeenestablished.

DecisionHeight(DH) Aspecifiedaltitudeintheprecisionapproach,chartedinheightabovethresholdelevation,atwhichadecisionmustbemadeeithertocontinuetheapproachortoexecuteamissedapproach.

DeclaredDistances Thedistancestheairportownerdeclaresavailablefortheairplane'stakeoffrun,takeoffdistance,accelerate‐stopdistance,andlandingdistancerequirements.Thedistancesare:

Takeoff‐runavailable(TORA).Therunwaylengthdeclaredavailableandsuitableforthegroundrunofanairplanetakingoff;

Takeoffdistanceavailable(TODA).TheTORAplusthelengthofanyremainingrunwayorclearway(CWY)beyondthefarendoftheTORA;

Accelerate‐stopdistanceavailable(ASDA).Therunwayplusstopway(SWY)lengthdeclaredavailableandsuitablefortheaccelerationanddecelerationofanairplaneabortingatakeoff;and

Landingdistanceavailable(LDA).Therunwaylengthdeclaredavailableandsuitableforalandingairplane.

DepartureProcedure PreplannedIFRATCdeparture,publishedforpilotuse,intextualandgraphicformat.

DesignAircraft/Airplane

SeeCriticalDesignAirplane

DisplacedThreshold Athresholdthatislocatedatapointontherunwayotherthanthedesignatedbeginningoftherunway.

FAF FinalApproachFix

FAR FederalAviationRegulation


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FARPart77 Part77,ObjectsAffectingNavigableAirspace.Thispart:Establishesstandardsfordeterminingobstructionsinnavigableairspace;SetsforththerequirementsfornoticetotheAdministratorofcertainproposedconstructionoralteration;Providesforaeronauticalstudiesofobstructionstoairnavigation,todeterminetheireffectonthesafeandefficientuseofairspace;Providesforpublichearingsonthehazardouseffectofproposedconstructionoralterationonairnavigation;andProvidesforestablishingantennafarmareas.

FARPart91 FARPart91,GeneralOperatingandFlightRules.Amongotherapplications,thispartprescribesrulesgoverningtheoperationofaircraft(otherthanmooredballoons,kites,unmannedrockets,andunmannedfreeballoons.

Farmland Importantfarmlandsincludeallpasturelands,croplands,andforests(evenifzonedfordevelopment)consideredtobeprime,unique,orstatewideorlocallyimportantlands.

FBO FixedBaseOperatororOperation

FederalAviationRegulation(FAR)

TheFARarepublishedinChapter1ofTitle14oftheCFR.

FeeSimple Theabsolutetitletoland,freeofanyotherclaimsagainstthetitle,whichonecansellorpasstoanotherbywillorinheritance.

FinalApproach Partofaninstrumentapproachprocedureinwhichalignmentanddescentforlandingareaccomplished.

FinalApproachFix(FAF)

ThefixfromwhichtheIFRfinalapproachtoanairportisexecuted,andwhichidentifiesthebeginningofthefinalapproachsegment.AnFAFisdesignatedongovernmentchartsbyaMaltesecrosssymbolfornon‐precisionapproaches,andalightningboltsymbolforprecisionapproaches.


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FixedBaseOperator(FBO)

Intheaviationindustry,afixedbaseoperator(alsoknownasfixedbaseofoperation),orFBO,isaservicecenteratanairportthatmaybeaprivateenterpriseormaybeadepartmentofthemunicipalitythattheairportserves.Ataminimum,mostFBOsofferaircraftfuel,oil,andparking,alongwithaccesstowashroomsandtelephones.SomeFBOsofferadditionalaircraftservicessuchashangar(indoor)storage,maintenance,aircraftcharterorrental,flighttraining,deicing,andgroundservicessuchastowingandbaggagehandling.FBOsmayalsoofferservicesnotdirectlyrelatedtotheaircraft,suchasrentalcars,lounges,andhotelreservations.

FixedbyFunctionNavigationAid

Anairnavigationaid(NAVAID)thatmustbepositionedinaparticularlocationinordertoprovideanessentialbenefitforcivilaviationisfixedbyfunction.Anexampleisarunwaylight,whichmustbyitsnaturebylocatedalongtheedgeoftherunway.

FixedWingAircraft Afixed‐wingaircraftisaheavier‐than‐aircraftwhoseliftisgeneratednotbywingmotionrelativetotheaircraft,butbyforwardmotionthroughtheair.Thetermisusedtodistinguishfromrotary‐wingaircraft(rotorcraft),wherethemovementofthewingsurfacesrelativetotheaircraftgenerateslift.

FleetMix Breakoutofaircraftcategories(singleengine,multiengine,etc.).

FlightPath Theline,course,ortrackalongwhichanaircraftisflyingorisintendedtobeflown.

Floodplains TomeetExecutiveOrder11988,Floodplains,andtheU.S.DepartmentofTransportation(DOT)Order5650.2,FloodplainManagementandProtection,allairportdevelopmentactionsmustavoidthefloodplain,ifapracticablealternativeexists.Ifnopracticablealternativeexists,actionsinafloodplainmustbedesignedtominimizeadverseimpacttothefloodplain’snaturalandbeneficialvalues.Thedesignmustalsominimizethepotentialrisksforflood‐relatedpropertylossandimpactsonhumansafety,health,andwelfare.

FONSI FindingofnoSignificantImpact


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FrangibleNavigationAid

Anavigationalaid(NAVAID)whichretainsitsstructuralintegrityandstiffnessuptoadesignatedmaximumload,butonimpactfromagreaterload,breaks,distorts,oryieldsinsuchamannerastopresenttheminimumhazardtoaircraft.ThetermNAVAIDincludeselectricalandvisualairnavigationalaids,lights,signs,andassociatedsupportingequipment.

GA GeneralAviation

GeneralAviation Generalaviationreferstoallflightsotherthanmilitaryandscheduledairlineflights,bothprivateandcommercial.Generalaviationflightsrangefromglidersandpoweredparachutestolarge,non‐scheduledcargojetflights.Asaresult,themajorityoftheworld'sairtrafficfallsintothiscategory,andmostoftheworld'sairportsservegeneralaviationexclusively.

GeneralAviationAirport

CommunitiesthatdonotreceivescheduledcommercialserviceorthatdonotmeetthecriteriaforclassificationasacommercialserviceairportmaybeincludedintheNPIASassitesforgeneralaviationairportsiftheyaccountforenoughactivity(usuallyatleast10locallybasedaircraft)andareatleast20milesfromthenearestNPIASairport.Theactivitycriterionmayberelaxedforremotelocationsorinothermitigatingcircumstances.The2,574generalaviationairportsintheNPIAStendtobedistributedonaone‐per‐countybasisinruralareasandareoftenlocatednearthecountyseat.Theseairports,withanaverageof33basedaircraft,accountfor40percentofthenation’sgeneralaviationfleet.Theyarethemostconvenientsourceofairtransportationforabout19percentofthepopulationandareparticularlyimportanttoruralareas.

GlobalPositioningSystem

Aspace‐basedradio‐navigationsystemconsistingofaconstellationofsatellitesandanetworkofgroundstationsusedformonitoringandcontrol.Aminimumof24GPSsatellitesorbittheEarthatanaltitudeofapproximately11,000milesprovidinguserswithaccurateinformationonposition,velocity,andtimeanywhereintheworldandinallweatherconditions.

GPA GlidepathAngle

GPS GlidepathQualificationSurface

GPS GlobalPositioningSystem


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HATH HeightAboveThreshold

HazardtoAirNavigation

Anobjectwhich,asaresultofanaeronauticalstudyunder14CFRpart77,theFAAdetermineswillhaveasubstantialadverseeffectuponthesafeandefficientuseofnavigableairspacebyaircraft,operationofairnavigationfacilities,orexistingorpotentialairportcapacity.

Helicopter SeeRotorcraft

HIRL HighIntensityRunwayLights.SeeRunwayEdgeLights.

Holding ApredeterminedmaneuverthatkeepsaircraftwithinaspecifiedairspacewhileawaitingfurtherclearancefromATC.

IAP InstrumentApproachProcedure

IFR InstrumentFlightRules

IMC InstrumentMeteorologicalConditions

InducedSocioeconomicImpacts

Inducedsocio‐economicimpactsarethosetypicallyassociatedwithlargeairportdevelopmentsthatcausesecondaryimpactstosurroundingcommunities.Suchimpactsincludeshiftsinpatternsofpopulationmovementandgrowth,increasesinpublic‐servicedemands,andchangesinbusinessandeconomicactivitytotheextentinfluencedbyairportdevelopmentandoperation.

InitialApproachFix(IAF)

ThefixdepictedonIAPchartswheretheinstrumentapproachprocedure(IAP)beginsunlessotherwiseauthorizedbyATC.


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InstrumentApproach Asetofregulationsandproceduresforflyingaircraftwherebynavigationandobstacleclearanceismaintainedwithreferencetoaircraftinstrumentsonly,whileseparationfromotheraircraftisprovidedbyAirTrafficControl.Inlayman'sterms,apilotwhoisratedforIFRcankeepaplaneincontrolledflightsolelyonthedataprovidedbyhisinstruments,evenifthatpilotcannotseeanythingoutthecockpitwindows;oneofthebenefitsoftheseregulationsistheabilitytoflythroughclouds,whichisotherwisenotallowed.IFRisanalternativetovisualflightrules(VFR),wherethepilotisultimatelyresponsiblefornavigation,obstacleclearanceandtrafficseparationusingthesee‐and‐avoidconcept.Thevastmajorityofcommercialtraffic(anyflightforhire)andallscheduledaircarriersoperateexclusivelyunderIFR(evenoncleardays).Commercialaircraftprovidingsightseeingflights,aerialphotography,orliftservicesforparachutejumpingusuallyoperateunderVFR.

InstrumentApproachProcedure(IAP)

AseriesofpredeterminedmaneuversfortheorderlytransferofanaircraftunderIFRfromthebeginningoftheinitialapproachtoalandingortoapointfromwhichalandingmaybemadevisually.

InstrumentFlightRules(IFR)

RulesandregulationsestablishedbytheFederalAviationAdministrationtogovernflightunderconditionsinwhichflightbyoutsidevisualreferenceisnotsafe.IFRflightdependsuponflyingbyreferencetoinstrumentsintheflightdeck,andnavigationisaccomplishedbyreferencetoelectronicsignals.

InstrumentMeteorological

Conditions(IMC)

Meteorologicalconditionsexpressedintermsofvisibility,distancefromclouds,andceilinglessthantheminimumsspecifiedforvisualmeteorologicalconditions,requiringoperationstobeconductedunderIFR.

InstrumentTakeoff Usingtheinstrumentsratherthanoutsidevisualcuestomaintainrunwayheadingandexecuteasafetakeoff.

ItinerantOperation Operationsnotclassifiedas“local”operations.Seelocaloperation.

JetAircraft Anaircraftpropelledbyjetengines.

KIAS Knotsindicatedairspeed

KIWI InternationalidentifierforWiscassetMunicipalAirport.TheidentifierIWIisthedomestic,FAAidentifier.


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Landside Thepartoftheairportexclusiveofaircraftoperatingareas(runways,taxiways,aircraftaprons/ramps).Landsideincludestheterminalbuilding,hangars,otherbuildingsandstructuresnotontheairport’sairside,automobileparkingareas,accessroads,etc.

LargeAircraft Largeaircraftmeansaircraftofmorethan12,500pounds,maximumcertificatedtakeoffweight.

LightEmissions Airport‐relatedlightingfacilitiesandactivitiescouldvisuallyaffectsurroundingresidentsandothernearbylight‐sensitiveareassuchashomes,parksorrecreationalareas.

LNAV LocalizerPerformancewithVertical

LocalOperation Aircraftoperationsremaininginthelocaltrafficpattern,simulatedinstrumentapproachesattheairport,includingmilitaryandciviloperations,andoperationstoorfromtheairportandapracticeareawithina20‐mileradiusofthetower.

Long‐Term Theelevenththroughtwentiethyearofanairportplanningperiod

LP LocalizerPerformance

LPV LocalizerPerformancewithVerticalNavigation

MaineDEP MaineDepartmentofEnvironmentalProtection

MaineDOT MaineDepartmentofTransportation

MASP MaineAviationSystemsPlan

MeanSeaLevel(MSL) Theheightoftheseasurfacemidwaybetweenitsaveragehighandlowwaterpositions

MGTOW MaximumGrossTakeoffWeight

MHz Megahertz

MinimumAltitude Analtitudedepictedonaninstrumentapproachchartwiththealtitudevalueunderscored.Aircraftarerequiredtomaintainaltitudeatorabovethedepictedvalue.


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Minimumdescentaltitude(MDA)

Thelowestaltitude(infeetMSL)towhichdescentisauthorizedonfinalapproach,orduringcircle‐to‐landmaneuveringinexecutionofanon‐precisionapproach.

MIRL MediumIntensityRunwayLights.SeeRunwayEdgeLights.

MissedApproachPoint(MAP)

Apointprescribedineachinstrumentapproachatwhichamissedapproachprocedureshallbeexecutediftherequiredvisualreferencehasnotbeenestablished.

ModificationtoStandards

MeansanychangetoFAAdesignstandardsotherthandimensionalstandardsforrunwaysafetyareas.Uniquelocalconditionsmayrequiremodificationtoairportdesignstandardsforaspecificairport.Amodificationtoanairportdesignstandardrelatedtonewconstruction,reconstruction,expansion,orupgradeonanairportthatreceivedFederalaidrequiresFAAapproval.

MSL MeanSeaLevel

NationalAirspaceSystem(NAS)

ThecommonnetworkofUnitedStatesairspace—airnavigationfacilities,equipmentandservices,airportsorlandingareas;aeronauticalcharts,informationandservices;rules,regulationsandprocedures,technicalinformation;andmanpowerandmaterial.

NaturalResourcesandEnergySupply

Airportdevelopmentactionshavethepotentialtochangeenergyrequirementsoruseconsumablenaturalresources.TocomplywiththeCouncilonEnvironmentalQuality(CEQ)regulationsmentionedinSection2ofthischapter,FederalAviationAdministration(FAA)environmentaldocumentsmustevaluatepotentialimpactsonsuppliesofenergyandnaturalresourcesneededtobuildandmaintainairports.

NAVAID NavigationAid

NavigationAid(NAVAID)

Anavigationalaid(alsoknownasaidtonavigationornavaid)isanysortofmarkerwhichaidsthetravelerinnavigation;thetermismostcommonlyusedtorefertonauticaloraviationtravel.Includeselectricalandvisualairnavigationalaids,lights,signs,andassociatedsupportingequipment.

Night Nightmeansthetimebetweentheendofeveningciviltwilightandthebeginningofmorningciviltwilight,aspublishedintheAmericanAirAlmanac,convertedtolocaltime.


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NightOperation Forthepurposesofnoiseanalysis,anightoperationoccursduringtheperiodbetween10pmand7am.SeealsoAirportOperation.

NM NauticalMile

NonprecisionApproach Nonprecisionapproachproceduremeansastandardinstrumentapproachprocedureinwhichnoelectronicglideslopeisprovided.

NPIAS NationalPlanofIntegratedAirportSystems

Object Includes,butisnotlimitedtoabovegroundstructures,NAVAIDs,people,equipment,vehicles,naturalgrowth,terrain,andparkedaircraft.

ObjectFreeArea(OFA) Anareaonthegroundcenteredonarunway,taxiway,ortaxilanecenterlineprovidedtoenhancethesafetyofaircraftoperationsbyhavingtheareafreeofobjects,exceptforobjectsthatneedtobelocatedintheOFAforairnavigationoraircraftgroundmaneuveringpurposes.

ObstacleClearanceSurface(OCS)

Aninclinedobstacleevaluationsurfaceassociatedwithaglidepath(glideslope).

ObstacleFreeZone(OFZ)

TheOFZistheairspacebelow150feetabovetheestablishedairportelevationandalongtherunwayandextendedrunwaycenterlinethatisrequiredtobeclearofallobjects,exceptforfrangiblevisualNAVAIDsthatneedtobelocatedintheOFZbecauseoftheirfunction,inordertoprovideclearanceprotectionforaircraftlandingortakingofffromtherunway,andformissedapproaches.TheOFZissub‐dividedasfollows:RunwayOFZ.Theairspaceaboveasurfacecenteredontherunwaycenterline.Inner‐approachOFZ.Theairspaceaboveasurfacecenteredontheextendedrunwaycenterline.Itappliestorunwayswithanapproachlightingsystem.Inner‐transitionalOFZ.TheairspaceabovethesurfaceslocatedontheouteredgesoftherunwayOFZandtheinner‐approachOFZ.Itappliestorunwayswithapproachvisibilityminimumslowerthan3/4‐statutemile.

ObstructiontoAirNavigation

AnobjectofgreaterheightthananyoftheheightsorsurfacespresentedinSubpartCofCodeofFederalRegulation(14CFR),Part77.(ObstructionstoairnavigationarepresumedtobehazardstoairnavigationuntilanFAAstudyhasdeterminedotherwise.)

OCS ObstacleClearanceSurface

OIS ObstacleIdentificationSurface


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Operation Atakeofforlandingofanaircraft.

PAPI PrecisionApproachPathIndicator

PCL PilotControlledLighting

PFAF PrecisionFinalApproachFix

PilotControlledLighting(PCL)

PilotControlledLighting(PCL),alsoknownasAircraftRadioControlofAerodromeLighting(ARCAL)orPilotActivatedLighting(PAL),isasystemwhichallowsaircraftpilotstocontrolthelightingofanairportorairfield'sapproachlights,runwayedgelights,andtaxiwaysviaradio.PCLsystemsaremostcommonatnon‐toweredorlittle‐usedairfieldswhereitisneithereconomicaltolighttherunwaysallnight,nortoprovidestafftoturntherunwaylightingonandoff.PCLenablespilotstocontrolthelightingonlywhenrequired,savingelectricityandreducinglightpollution.

PistonAircraft Anaircraftpoweredbyoneormorepistonengines(regardlessoffueltype).

PlanView Theoverheadviewofanapproachprocedureonaninstrumentapproachchart.TheplanviewdepictstheroutesthatguidethepilotfromtheenroutesegmentstotheIAF.

PrecisionApproach Approachesareclassifiedaseitherprecisionornonprecision,dependingontheaccuracyandcapabilitiesofthenavigationalaids(navaids)used.Precisionapproachesutilizebothlateral(localizer)andvertical(glideslope)information.Nonprecisionapproachesprovidelateralcourseinformationonly.


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PrecisionApproachPathIndicator(PAPI)

Theprecisionapproachpathindicator(PAPI)useslightunitssimilartotheVASIbutisinstalledinasinglerowofeithertwoorfourlightunits.Thesesystemshaveaneffectivevisualrangeofabout5 milesduringthedayandupto20milesatnight.Therowoflightunitsisnormallyinstalledontheleftsideoftherunwayandtheglidepathindicationsareasdepicted.Eachboxoflightsisequippedwithanopticalapparatusthatsplitslightoutputintotwosegments,redandwhite.Dependingontheangleofapproach,thelightswillappeareitherredorwhitetothepilot.Ideallythetotaloflightswillchangefromwhitetohalfred,movinginsuccessionfromrighttoleftside.Thepilotwillhavereachedthenormalglidepath(usually3degrees)whenthereisanevensplitinredandwhitelights.Ifanaircraftisbeneaththeglidepath,redlightswilloutnumberwhite;ifanaircraftisabovetheglidepath,morewhitelightsarevisible.

PrecisionApproachProcedure

Precisionapproachproceduremeansastandardinstrumentapproachprocedureinwhichanelectronicglideslopeisprovided,suchasILSandPAR.

ProfileView SideviewofanIAPchartillustratingtheverticalapproachpathaltitudes,headings,distances,andfixes.

Ramp SeeApron

RDC RunwayDesignCode

RecordofDecision FAAissuesaRecordofDecision(ROD)priortoanactiontoexplainwhytheyapprovedordidnotapproveaproposedaction.TheRODexplainswhattheairportsponsorproposestodoandwhy,identifiesactionstheFAAandotherFederalagenciesmusttake,explainsthealternativesanalyzedandwhichoneisenvironmentallypreferred,andidentifiesrequiredmitigationmeasures.

REIL RunwayEndIdentifierLights

RemoteCommunicationsOutlet

(RCO)

RemoteCommunicationsOutlets(RCO)areremoteaviationbandradiotransceivers,establishedtoextendtocommunicationcapabilitiesofFlightServiceStations(FSS).

RNAV AreaNavigation

ROC RequiredObstacleClearance


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ROD RecordofDecision

ROFA RunwayObjectFreeArea

RotatingBeacon Arotatingbeaconisalightsystemusedtoassistpilotsinfindinganairport,particularlythoseflyinginIMCorVFRatnight.Additionally,therotatingbeaconprovidesinformationaboutthetypeofairportthroughtheuseofaparticularsetofcolorfilters.Beaconsforcivillandairportsemitawhiteandgreenlightthatappearsasaflash.

Rotorcraft Arotorcraftisaheavier‐than‐airflyingmachinethatusesliftgeneratedbywingsthatrevolvearoundamastcalledrotorblades.Severalrotorbladesmountedtoasinglemastisreferredtoasarotor.Rotorcraftmayalsoincludetheuseofstaticliftingsurfaces,buttheprimarydistinguishingfeaturebeingliftprovidedbyoneormorerotors.Rotorcraftincludeshelicopters,autogyros,gyrodynesandtiltrotors.

RPZ RunwayProtectionZone

RSA RunwaySafetyArea

Runway Arunwayisastripoflandonanairport,onwhichaircraftcantakeoffandland.Runwaysmaybeaman‐madesurface(oftenasphalt,concrete,oramixtureofboth)oranaturalsurface(grass,dirt,orgravel).

RunwayBlastPad Asurfaceadjacenttotheendsofrunwaysprovidedtoreducetheerosiveeffectofjetblastandpropellerwash.

RunwayDesignCode Acodesignifyingthedesignstandardstowhicharunwayistobebuilt.TheAAC,ADG,andapproachvisibilityminimumsarecombinedtoformtheRDCofaparticularrunway.TheRDCprovidestheinformationneededtodeterminecertaindesignstandardsthatapply.


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RunwayEdgeLights RunwayEdgeLightsareusedtooutlinetheedgesofrunwaysduringperiodsofdarknessorrestrictedvisibilityconditions.Theselightsystemsareclassifiedaccordingtotheintensitytheyarecapableofproducing:HighIntensityRunwayLights(HIRL)MediumIntensityRunwayLights(MIRL)LowIntensityRunwayLights(LIRL)TheHIRLandMIRLsystemshavevariableintensitycontrols,whereastheLIRLsnormallyhaveoneintensitysetting.RunwayEdgeLightsarewhite,exceptoninstrumentrunwayswhereyellowreplaceswhiteonthelast2,000feetorhalftherunwaylength,whicheverisless,toformacautionzoneforlandings.Thelightsmarkingtheendsoftherunwayemitredlighttowardtherunwaytoindicatetheendofrunwaytoadepartingaircraftandemitgreenoutwardfromtherunwayendtoindicatethethresholdtolandingaircraft.

RunwayEndIdentifierLights(REIL)

Apairofsynchronizedflashinglights,locatedlaterallyoneachsideoftherunwaythreshold,providingrapidandpositiveidentificationoftheapproachendofarunway.

RunwayProtectionZone(RPZ)

Runwayprotectionzonesareatrapezoidalarea“offtheendoftherunwayendthatservestoenhancetheprotectionofpeopleandpropertyontheground”intheeventanaircraftlandsorcrashesbeyondtherunwayend.RunwayProtectionZonesunderlieaportionoftheapproachclosesttotheairport.ManypeoplehaveconfusedtheRPZwiththeneedforObjectFreeAreas(OFA),ObstacleFreeZones(OFZ),Objectclearingcriteria,andPart77requirements.Eachoftheseservesdistinctpurposesandarenotallcoincident.WhiletheRPZalsohaslimitationsonobstructions(becauseitliesbelowtheapproachsurfaceandbecauseitincludessafetyareasandobstaclefreeareas),theprimarypurposeoftheRPZistheprotectionofpeopleandpropertyontheground.

RunwaySafetyArea(RSA)

Arunwaysafetyarea(RSA)orrunwayendsafetyarea(RESA)isdefinedas"thesurfacesurroundingtherunwaypreparedorsuitableforreducingtheriskofdamagetoairplanesintheeventofanundershoot,overshoot,orexcursionfromtherunway."

SecondaryandCumulativeImpacts

Impactstheproposedactionwouldhaveonaparticularresourcewhenaddedtoimpactsonthatresourceduetopast,present,andreasonablyforeseeableactionswithinadefinedtimeandgeographicalarea.

Short‐Term Thefirstfiveyearsofanairportplanningperiod

SHPO StateHistoricPreservationCommission


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SmallAircraft Smallaircraftmeansaircraftof12,500poundsorless,maximumcertificatedtakeoffweight.

SocialImpacts Socialimpactsarethoseassociatedwiththerelocationofanybusinessorresidence,altersurface‐transportationpatterns,divideordisruptestablishedcommunities,disruptorderlyplanneddevelopment,orcreateanappreciablechangeinemployment.

SolidWaste Construction,renovation,ordemolitionofmostairsideprojectsproducesdebris(e.g.,dirt,concrete,asphalt)thatmustbeproperlydisposed.Inaddition,neworrenovatedterminal,cargo,ormaintenancefacilitiesmayinvolveconstruction,renovation,ordemolitionthatproducesothertypesofsolidwaste(bricks,steel,wood,gypsum,glass).Therefore,airportsponsorsshouldfollowFederal,state,orlocalregulationsthataddresssolidwaste.Doingsoreducestheenvironmentaleffectsofairport‐relatedconstructionoroperation.

SRE SnowRemovalEquipment

StateSystemPlans Eachstatehasanaviationsystemplanthatdeterminesthedevelopmentneededtoestablishaviablesystemofairports.Theeffortinvolvesexaminingtheinteractionoftheairportswiththeaviationservicerequirements,economy,population,andsurfacetransportationofastate’sgeographicarea.Stateplansarecost‐effectiveanddefineanairportsystemthatisconsistentwithestablishedstategoalsandobjectivesregardingeconomicdevelopment,transportation,landuse,andenvironmentalmatters.Stateplanscontainabout5,000airports,about33percentmorethantheNPIAS.Airportsincludedinthestateplans,butnotintheNPIAS,areusuallysmallerairportsthathavestateorregionalsignificance,butarenotconsideredtobeofnationalinterest.

Stopway Adefinedrectangularsurfacebeyondtheendofarunwaypreparedorsuitableforuseinlieuofrunwaytosupportanairplane,withoutcausingstructuraldamagetotheairplane,duringanabortedtakeoff.

TAF TerminalAreaForecasts.Forthepurposesofthisstudy,TAFreferstotheforecastspreparedbytheFAAforairportplanningpurposesandnottheaviationweatherreportbythesameterm.

Taxilane Theportionoftheaircraftparkingareausedforaccessbetweentaxiwaysandaircraftparkingpositions.


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Taxiway Ataxiwayisapathonanairportconnectingrunwayswithramps,hangars,terminalsandotherfacilities.Theymostlyhavehardsurfacesuchasasphaltorconcrete,althoughsmallerairportssometimesusegravelorgrass.

TaxiwaySafetyArea Adefinedsurfacealongsidethetaxiwaypreparedorsuitableforreducingtheriskofdamagetoanairplaneunintentionallydepartingthetaxiway.

TCH ThresholdCrossingHeight

TerminalArea Depictsairspacearoundmajorairports;normallyassociatedwithClassBandClassCairspace.

TerminalAreaForecasts(TAF)

TheofficialforecastofaviationactivityatFAAfacilities.TheseforecastsarepreparedtomeetthebudgetandplanningneedsofFAAandprovideinformationforusebystateandlocalauthorities,theaviationindustry,andthepublic.

TerminalProcedures SeeInstrumentApproachProcedure

TERPS TerminalProceduresdevelopedusingFAAOrder8260.3Bbyspecialists.TERPSdefinesairspacecorridorsusedinthedevelopmentofinstrumentarrivalanddepartureprocedures.

ThreatenedandEndangeredSpecies

TosatisfytheEndangeredSpeciesActof1973,theFederalAviationAdministration(FAA)mustdetermineifaproposedactionunderitspurviewwouldaffectaFederally‐listedspeciesorhabitatcriticaltothatspecies(criticalhabitat).

Threshold Thebeginningofthatportionoftherunwayavailableforlanding.Insomeinstances,thelandingthresholdmaybedisplaced.SeealsoDisplacedThreshold.

ThresholdLights Thresholdlightsmarktheendsoftherunwayemitredlighttowardtherunwaytoindicatetheendofrunwaytoadepartingaircraftandemitgreenoutwardfromtherunwayendtoindicatethethresholdtolandingaircraft.

Title14oftheCodeofFederalRegulations(14

CFR)

Thefederalaviationregulationsgoverningtheoperationofaircraft,airways,andairmen.


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TrafficPattern Trafficpatternmeansthetrafficflowthatisprescribedforaircraftlandingat,taxiingon,ortakingofffrom,anairport.

TSA TaxiwaySafetyAreaorTransportationSecurityAdministration.

Turbofan Aturbofanisatypeofjetengine,similartoaturbojet.Itessentiallyconsistsofaductedfanwithasmallerdiameterturbojetenginemountedbehinditthatpowersthefan.Partoftheairstreamfromtheductedfanpassesthroughtheturbojet,whereitisburnttopowerthefan.Butpart,usuallythemajority,oftheflowbypassesit,anddoingthisproducesthrustmoreefficiently.

Turbojet Aturbofanisatypeofjetengine,similartoaturbojet.Itessentiallyconsistsofaductedfanwithasmallerdiameterturbojetenginemountedbehinditthatpowersthefan.Partoftheairstreamfromtheductedfanpassesthroughtheturbojet,whereitisburnttopowerthefan.Butpart,usuallythemajority,oftheflowbypassesit,anddoingthisproducesthrustmoreefficiently.

USDOT§4(f) Section4(f)oftheDepartmentofTransportationActrequirestheSecretaryofTransportationinvestigateallalternativesbeforeimpactinganypubliclyownedlandsdesignatedaspublicparks,recreationareas,wildlifeorwaterfowlrefugesofnational,state,orlocalsignificance,orlandhavingnational,state,orlocalhistoricalsignificance.

USGS UnitedStatesGeologicalService

VAGL VisualApproachGuidanceLights

VASI VisualApproachSlopeIndicator

VeryHighFrequency(VHF)

Abandofradiofrequenciesfallingbetween30and300MHz

VeryLightJet(VLJ) Averylightjet(VLJ),previouslyknownasamicrojet,is,byconvention,asmalljetaircraftapprovedforsingle‐pilotoperation,seating4‐8people,withamaximumtake‐offweightofunder10,000pounds(4,540kg).Theyarelighterthanwhatiscommonlytermedbusinessjetsandarefrequentlyusedasairtaxis.

VFR VisualFlightRules


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VGSI VisualGlideslopeIndicators(VGSI)isasystemoflightssoarrangedtoprovidevisualdescentguidanceinformationduringtheapproachtoarunway.ThereareseveralVGSIsystems;themostcommonareVASIanditsreplacementPAPI.

VHF VeryHighFrequency

VIS Visibility

VisualApproach Anapproachbasedonthepilot’sperceptionofthecorrectalignmentwiththerunwaycenterlineandglideslopewithnoreferencetonavigationalequipment.

VisualDescentPoint(VDP)

Adefinedpointonthefinalapproachcourseofanon‐precisionstraight‐inapproachprocedure,fromwhichnormaldescentfromtheMDAtotherunwaytouchdownpointmaybecommenced,providedtherunwayenvironmentisclearlyvisibletothepilot.

VisualFlightRules(VFR)

FlightrulesadoptedbytheFAAgoverningaircraftflightusingvisualreferences.VFRoperationsspecifytheamountofceilingandthevisibilitythepilotmusthaveinordertooperateaccordingtotheserules.WhentheweatherconditionsaresuchthatthepilotcannotoperateaccordingtoVFR,heorshemustuseinstrumentflightrules(IFR).

VisualMeteorologicalConditions(VMC)

Meteorologicalconditionsexpressedintermsofvisibility,distancefromcloud,andceilingmeetingorexceedingtheminimumsspecifiedforVFR.

VisualRunway Arunwaywithoutanexistingorplannedstraight‐ininstrumentapproachprocedure.

VMC VisualMeteorologicalConditions

VNAV VerticalNavigation

WAAS WideAreaAugmentationSystem


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WaterQuality Constructionoftencausessediment‐ladenrunofftoenterwaterways.Biologicalandchemicalbreakdownofdeicingchemicalsinairportrunoffcancauseseveredissolvedoxygendemandsonreceivingwaters.Operationsormaintenanceareotheractivitiesthatmayaffectwaterquality.Airport‐relatedwaterqualityimpactscanoccurfrombothpointandnon‐pointsourcesatairports.Ifnotproperlycontrolled,theresultantwaterqualityimpactsmayadverselyaffectanimal,plant,orhumanpopulations.

Wetlands ExecutiveOrder11990,ProtectionofWetlands,setsthestandardforaFederalagencyactioninvolvinganywetland.TheU.S.DepartmentofTransportation(DOT)developedandissuedDOTOrder5660.1A,PreservationoftheNation'sWetlandstoprovidemoreguidancetoDOTagenciesregardingtheiractionsinwetlands.TheDOTOrdergovernstheFederalAviationAdministration’s(FAA’s)actions.

WideAreaAugmentationSystem

(WAAS)

Adifferentialglobalpositioningsystem(DGPS)thatimprovestheaccuracyofthesystembydeterminingpositionerrorfromtheGPSsatellites,thentransmittingtheerror,orcorrectivefactors,totheairborneGPSreceiver.

Wild&ScenicRivers Thoserivershavingremarkablescenic,recreational,geologic,fish,wildlife,historic,orculturalvalues.FederallandmanagementagenciesintheDepartmentsoftheInteriorandAgriculturemanagetheWildandScenicRiversAct(Act).

appendix 1 glossary of terms - town of wiscasset, maine · appendix 1 – glossary of terms [type...

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