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Iran veterinary Iran veterinary

organizationorganization

I.R.Iran

Mehdi KhalajIran veterinary [email protected]

Regional meeting on Foot-and-Mouth Disease to develop a long term regional control strategy

(Regional Roadmap for West Eurasia)

Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran9 - 13 November 2008

Regional meeting on Foot-and-Mouth Disease to develop a long term Regional control strategy(Regional Roadmap for West Eurasia)

• Iran is 1,648,000 square kilometers in surface

• Around 7,744 kilometers of ground and marine borders with Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan

and Armenia in the north, Afghanistan and Pakistan in the east and Turkey and Iraq in the west

•Administratively Iran divided to 30 provinces.


Animal Population structure (No. of epidemiological units)

-2000

8000

18000

28000

38000

48000

58000

Num

ber

of units

dee

r and e

lk

farm

wa

ter p

um

p

beef a

nd

she

ep fa

rm

fatte

nin

g

she

ep fa

rm

city

da

iry a

nd

bee

f farm

bee

f farm

dairy

and

she

ep fa

rm

pas

ture

she

ep fa

rm

dairy

farm

villa

ge

d e e r a n d e lk fa rm 1 c ity 35 7 p a s tu re 1 98 5

w a ter p u m p 81 d a iry a n d b e e f fa rm 36 6 sh e e p fa rm 4 58 0

b e e f a n d s h e ep fa rm 1 1 1 b e e f fa rm 1 0 5 9 d a iry fa rm 7 71 3

fa t te n in g s h e ep fa rm 2 1 1 da iry a n d s h e ep fa rm 1 9 3 1 v illag e 5 3 5 6 4

T o ta l

N u m b e r o f e p d em io lo g ic a l u n its

7 1 9 5 9


Animal Population structure (No. of animals in epidemiological units)

0

10000000

20000000

30000000

40000000

50000000

60000000

70000000

80000000

No. of A

nim

als

beef a

nd

sheep fa

rm

beef fa

rm

city

dairy

and

beef fa

rm

dairy

and

sheep fa

rm

dairy

farm

deer a

nd e

lk

farm

fatte

nin

g

sheep fa

rm

pastu

re

sheep fa

rm

villa

ge

wate

r pum

p

beef and sheep farm 45192 pasture 4976593 city 1865056

beef farm 87566 sheep farm 2398518 dairy and beef farm 49206

dairy and sheep farm 1020527 fattening sheep farm 68015 deer and elk farm 19

dairy farm 663583 village 70128164 water pump 14694

TOTAL 81317133

Cattle and Sheep population


• Since 1950, FMD has been introduced in domestic farms. • In 1959 Razi Institute (Local vaccine producer) started to produce FMD

killed vaccine • Asia1. Firstly isolated in 1956.

– In 2000 after 9 years disappearance , isolated from beef farms due to importation of diseased animals from eastern borders

• Type O: Firstly isolated in 1950.• Type A: Firstly isolated in 1960.

– Serotype A-87– In 1996 -A96 – In 2005, A05 occurred in western provinces ( Khuzestan, West

Azerbaijan, ..)

History of FMDV in Iran


FMD Outbreaks occurrence (Apr 03- Sept 08)


APPENDIX 4


FMD Risk related to production system:A key for design of control strategies

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

beef

farm

city dairy

and

beef

farm

dairy

and

sheep

farm

dairy

farm

pasture sheep

farm

village w ater

pump

Production System No. of outBreaks

beef farm 1

city 10

dairy and beef farm 6

dairy and sheep farm 4

dairy farm 8

pasture 6

sheep farm 1

village 144

water pump 1


Type and Subtypes

Type and Subtypes:Type A : A05 & A87Type O : PanAsia

Regional meeting on Foot-and-Mouth Disease to develop a long term Regional control strategy

(Regional Roadmap for West Eurasia)

Control Strategies

• Planned vaccination + Targeted vaccination�Planned vaccination – current vaccination protocol:

� 3 phases / year vaccination for cattle �1 phase / year vaccination for sheep and goat

•Targeted vaccination: �in the case of outbreaks between two phases , all animals in allunits located around the outbreak in a 3 kilometer zone defined by GIS , will be vaccinated�Vaccination of imported animals at Eastern and Western borders.

�In some provinces vaccination of cattlereduced to 2 phases

•Quarantine

• biosecurity measures


Vaccination

• Type of vaccine– Killed , aqueous

• Serotypes and Sub serotypes used in vaccine: – Internal (Razi institute ) : A05 , A87 , O manisa , Asia1 Shamir– Imported (Merial) : A22 , A96 , A87 , O manisa , Asia 1 Shamir

• Amount produced in country : – 30 million 2.5 ml

• Amount imported (from where and which antigens included?)

– 5 million 3 ml

• Any quality control conducted at the time of importation?

– Sterility– safety


Laboratory

• Razi Institute – level 2 – 3 professional, 10 technical stuff – Elisa– SN– VN

• CVL- 3 professional , 4 technician – Elisa – PCR

• Golmakan • 30 provincial laboratories• Number of samples

– 2006 : 1256 mainly Ag detection– 2007 : 1160 mainly Ag detection– 2008 : 175 Ag detection


FMD Task Force

Field information�

Central Veterinary Laboratory

PCR

Cell culture

Serology

Central Veterinary Laboratory

PCR

Cell culture

Serology

FMD Task Force Provincial Manager

Outbreak investigationField

sample

Investigation report

IVO Provincial Office

FMD task Force Manager

Flow of Actions and surveillance


Surveillance

• Surveillance strategies

– FMD Risk Determination– FMD distribution :

• Time• Space

– Best Control Strategies– Future Impact Prediction.– Early warning– Crisis Management

• information is captured by the epidemiology unit.– Field : Outbreak reports (detail : No. of animals, affected, deaths,….)– Laboratory : Sample results.

– Vaccination coverage.– Probable risks : movement , importation ,….

• Professional and technical staff / resources– IVO : 5 vet

– Provinces :30 vet and at least 30 technician


Border and Movement Control

• Quarantine post in Eastern and western borders

• Certification for animal movement and control by police

• Use of special tracks for animal transportation with Rules

• Importations :

– from Eastern and Western borders legally and illegally.

• Quarantine restrictions

– Animal movement limitation at outbreaks.

– Respect quarantine period for special points (EX: Bam in Kerman and Sistan& balouchestan

provinces)

– Vaccination in animal markets

• Information on illegal movement at sale yards


Iran & Armenia border


Iran & Armenia border


Weaknesses in Disease Control

• High Animal Movement

• Unknown Immunity level

• Obligatory multiple Vaccination in Beef Herds

• Farmer Resistance against vaccination to some extent in special conditions

• Lack of biosecurity measures in some of the Epi-Units, specially in villages and beef farms

• Different age groups in beef farms because of multi-importation

• Multi-vaccination as a major risk


Suggestions for Strengthening Disease Control (FMD and other ...)

• Regional and International Collaborations.

• Developing long term regional control strategy

• Monitoring virus circulation

• Gene Sequencing for finding the origins and

• Strengthening the surveillance activities

• Strengthening the Reporting System specially Electronic RS.

• Developing GIS

• Developing Early Warning System.


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THANK YOU VERY MUCH

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