app 4 viii-1

2011a SECTION VIII DIVISION 1

FIG. 4-8 CHARTS FOR t OVER 4 in. (100 mm)

(a) Random Rounded Indications [See Note (1)]

Typical concentration and size permitted in any 6 in. (150 mm) length of weld.Maximum size per Table 4-1.

NOTES:(1)(2)

(b) Isolated Indication [See Note (2)] (c) Cluster

1 in. (25 mm)1 in. (25 mm)

429


FIG. 4-7 CHARTS FOR t OVER 2 in. to 4 in. (50 mm to 100 mm), INCLUSIVE

(c) Cluster

1 in. (25 mm)1 in. (25 mm)



NOTES:(1)(2)

(b) Isolated Indication [See Note (2)]

428



(c) Cluster

1 in. (25 mm)1 in. (25 mm)



NOTES:(1)(2)


427



(c) Cluster

1 in. (25 mm)1 in. (25 mm)



NOTES:(1)(2)


426


FIG. 4-3 CHARTS FOR t EQUAL TO 18 in. to 14 in. (3 mm to 6 mm), INCLUSIVE

1 in. (25 mm)

(c) Cluster

1 in. (25 mm)



NOTES:(1)(2)



(c) Cluster

1 in. (25 mm)1 in. (25 mm)



NOTES:(1)(2)


425


FIG

.4-

2GROUPS

OF

ALIG

NED

ROUNDED

INDIC

ATIO

NS

GE

NE

RA

L N

OT

E: S

um

of

the

gro

up

len

gth

s sh

all b

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ss t

han

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a le

ng

th o

f 12

t.

L 13L

23L

33L

3L 2

L 3L 4

Max

imu

m G

rou

p L

eng

th

L L L

1 /4

in. (

6 m

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t le

ss t

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in. (

19 m

m)

1 /3t

fo

r t

3 /4

in. (

19 m

m)

to 2

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in. (

57 m

m)

3 /4

in. (

19 m

m)

for

t g

reat

er t

han

21 /

4 in

. (57

mm

)

= = =

Min

imu

m G

rou

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her

e L

is t

he

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the

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est

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t g

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g e

valu

ated

.

424


FIG.4

-1ALI

GNED

ROU

NDED

INDIC

ATI

ONS

GE

NE

RA

L N

OT

E: S

um

of

L 1 t

o L

x sh

all b

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han

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th o

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t.

L 1

L 2

L x

423


TABLE 4-1

Customary Units

Maximum Size ofAcceptable Rounded Maximum Size of

Indication, in.Thickness t, Nonrelevantin. Random Isolated Indication, in.

Less than 1814t

13t110t

18 0.031 0.042 0.015316 0.047 0.063 0.01514 0.063 0.083 0.015

516 0.078 0.104 0.03138 0.091 0.125 0.031

716 0.109 0.146 0.03112 0.125 0.168 0.031

916 0.142 0.188 0.03158 0.156 0.210 0.031

1116 0.156 0.230 0.031

34 to 2, incl. 0.156 0.250 0.031Over 2 0.156 0.375 0.063

SI Units

Maximum Size ofAcceptable Rounded Maximum Size of

Indication, mmThickness t, Nonrelevantmm Random Isolated Indication, mm

Less than 3 14t13t

110t3 0.79 1.07 0.385 1.19 1.60 0.386 1.60 2.11 0.38

8 1.98 2.64 0.7910 2.31 3.18 0.7911 2.77 3.71 0.7913 3.18 4.27 0.79

14 3.61 4.78 0.7916 3.96 5.33 0.7917 3.96 5.84 0.79

19.0 to 50, incl. 3.96 6.35 0.79Over 50 3.96 9.53 1.60

GENERAL NOTE: This Table contains examples only.

422

be permitted in welds less than 6 in. (150 mm) in length.(h) Clustered Indications. The illustrations for clustered

indications show up to four times as many indications ina local area, as that shown in the illustrations for randomindications. The length of an acceptable cluster shall notexceed the lesser of 1 in. (25 mm) or 2t. Where more thanone cluster is present, the sum of the lengths of the clustersshall not exceed 1 in. (25 mm) in a 6 in. (150 mm)length weld.


MANDATORY APPENDIX 4ROUNDED INDICATIONS CHARTSACCEPTANCE STANDARD FOR

RADIOGRAPHICALLY DETERMINEDROUNDED INDICATIONS IN WELDS

4-1 APPLICABILITY OF THESESTANDARDS

These standards are applicable to ferritic, austenitic, andnonferrous materials.

4-2 TERMINOLOGY

(a) Rounded Indications. Indications with a maximumlength of three times the width or less on the radiographare dened as rounded indications. These indications maybe circular, elliptical, conical, or irregular in shape andmay have tails. When evaluating the size of an indication,the tail shall be included. The indication may be from anyimperfection in theweld, such as porosity, slag, or tungsten.

(b) Aligned Indications. A sequence of four or morerounded indications shall be considered to be aligned whenthey touch a line parallel to the length of the weld drawnthrough the center of the two outer rounded indications.

(c) Thickness t. t is the thickness of the weld, excludingany allowable reinforcement. For a butt weld joining twomembers having different thicknesses at the weld, t is thethinner of these two thicknesses. If a full penetration weldincludes a llet weld, the thickness of the throat of thellet shall be included in t.

4-3 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA

(a) Image Density. Density within the image of the indi-cation may vary and is not a criterion for acceptance orrejection.

(b) Relevant Indications. (See Table 4-1 for examples.)Only those rounded indications which exceed the followingdimensions shall be considered relevant.

(1) 110t for t less than 18 in. (3 mm)(2) 164 in. for t from 18 in. to 14 in. (3 mm to

6 mm), incl.

421

(3) 132 in. for t greater than 14 in. to 2 in. (6 mm to50 mm), incl.

(4) 116 in. for t greater than 2 in. (50 mm)(c) Maximum Size of Rounded Indication. (See

Table 4-1 for examples.) The maximum permissible sizeof any indication shall be 14t, or 532 in. (4 mm), whicheveris smaller; except that an isolated indication separated froman adjacent indication by 1 in. (25 mm) or more may be13t, or 14 in. (6 mm), whichever is less. For t greater than2 in. (50 mm) the maximum permissible size of an isolatedindication shall be increased to 38 in. (10 mm).

(d) Aligned Rounded Indications. Aligned rounded indi-cations are acceptable when the summation of the diametersof the indications is less than t in a length of 12t. SeeFig. 4-1. The length of groups of aligned rounded indica-tions and the spacing between the groups shall meet therequirements of Fig. 4-2.

(e) Spacing. The distance between adjacent roundedindications is not a factor in determining acceptance orrejection, except as required for isolated indications orgroups of aligned indications.

(f) Rounded Indication Charts. The rounded indicationscharacterized as imperfections shall not exceed that shownin the charts. The charts in Figs. 4-3 through 4-8 illustratevarious types of assorted, randomly dispersed and clusteredrounded indications for different weld thicknesses greaterthan 18 in. (3 mm). These charts represent the maximumacceptable concentration limits for rounded indications.The charts for each thickness range represent full-scale6 in. (150 mm) radiographs, and shall not be enlarged orreduced. The distributions shown are not necessarily thepatterns that may appear on the radiograph, but are typicalof the concentration and size of indications permitted.

(g) Weld Thickness t less than 1/8 in. (3 mm). For tless than 18 in. (3 mm) the maximum number of roundedindications shall not exceed 12 in a 6 in. (150 mm) lengthof weld. A proportionally fewer number of indications shall

A-250.3.7 Weld Thickness t Less Than 1/8 in.(3 mm). For t less than 1/8 in. (3 mm), the maximumnumber of rounded indications shall not exceed 12 ina 6 in. (150 mm) length of weld. A proportionally fewernumber of indications shall be permitted in welds lessthan 6 in. (150 mm) in length.

A-250.3.8 Clustered Indications. The illustrationsfor clustered indications show up to four times as manyindications in a local area, as that shown in the illustra-tions for random indications. The length of an acceptablecluster shall not exceed the lesser of 1 in. (25 mm) or 2t.Where more than one cluster is present, the sum of thelengths of the clusters shall not exceed 1 in. (25 mm) ina 6 in. (150 mm) length of weld.

METHODS FOR MAGNETIC PARTICLEEXAMINATION (MT)

A-260A-260.1 Scope. This Appendix provides for proce-

dures that shall be followed whenever magnetic particleexamination is required by PG-93. The detailed examina-tion method of Article 7 of Section V shall be used with theacceptance criteria specified in this Appendix. Magneticparticle examination shall be performed in accordancewith a written procedure, certified by the Manufacturer tobe in accordance with the requirement of T150 of SectionV.

A-260.2 Certification of Personnel. The Manufac-turer shall certify that each magnetic particle examinermeets the following requirements:(a) The examiner has vision, with correction if neces-

sary, to enable him to read a Jaeger Type No. 2 StandardChart at a distance of not less than 12 in. (300 mm) and iscapable of distinguishing and differentiating contrastbetween colors used. These capabilities shall be checkedannually.(b) The examiner is competent in the techniques of the

magnetic particle examination method for which he iscertified, including making the examination and interpret-ing and evaluating the results, except that where theexamination method consists of more than one operation,he may be certified as being qualified only for one or moreof these operations.

A-260.3 Evaluation of Indications. Indications willbe revealed by retention of magnetic particles. All suchindications are not necessarily imperfections, however,since excessive surface roughness, magnetic permeabilityvariations (such as at the edge of heat affected zones), etc.,may produce similar indications.An indication of an imperfection may be larger than the

imperfection that causes it; however, the size of theindication is the basis for acceptance evaluation. Onlyindications that have any dimension greater than 1/16 in.(1.5 mm) shall be considered relevant.

(a) A linear indication is one having a length greaterthan three times the width.(b) A rounded indication is one of circular or elliptical

shape with a length equal to or less than three times itswidth.(c) Any questionable or doubtful indications shall be

reexamined to determine whether or not they arerelevant.

A-260.4 Acceptance Standards. All surfaces to beexamined shall be free of(a) relevant linear indications(b) relevant rounded indications greater than 3/16 in.

(5 mm)(c) four or more relevant rounded indications in a line

separated by 1/16 in. (1.5 mm) or less, edge to edge

METHODS FOR LIQUID PENETRANTEXAMINATION (PT)

NOTE: Satisfactory application of this method of examination requiresspecial skills in the techniques involved and in interpreting theresults. The requirements specified herein presume application bysuitably experienced personnel.

A-270A-270.1 Scope. This Appendix provides for proce-

dures that shall be followed whenever liquid penetrantexamination is required by PG-93. The detailed examina-tion method of Article 6 of Section V shall be used with theacceptance criteria specified in this Appendix. Liquidpenetrant examination shall be performed in accordancewith a written procedure, certified by the Manufacturer tobe in accordance with the requirement of T150 of SectionV.

A-270.2 Certification of Personnel. The Manufac-turer shall certify that each liquid penetrant examinermeets the following requirements:(a) The examiner has vision, with correction if neces-

sary, to enable him to read a Jaeger Type No. 2 StandardChart at a distance of not less than 12 in. (300 mm) and iscapable of distinguishing and differentiating contrastbetween colors used. These capabilities shall be checkedannually.(b) The examiner is competent in the techniques of the

liquid penetrant examination method for which he iscertified, including making the examination and interpret-ing and evaluating the results, except that where theexamination method consists of more than one operation,he may be certified as being qualified only for one or moreof these operations.

A-270.3 Evaluation of Indications. An indication ofan imperfection may be larger than the imperfection thatcauses it; however, the size of the indication is the basis for

ASME 2011a SECTION I

211

ASME VIII Div 1 - ed10add11 483.pdfASME VIII Div 1 - ed10add11 482.pdfASME VIII Div 1 - ed10add11 481.pdfASME VIII Div 1 - ed10add11 480.pdfASME VIII Div 1 - ed10add11 479.pdfASME VIII Div 1 - ed10add11 478.pdfASME VIII Div 1 - ed10add11 477.pdfASME VIII Div 1 - ed10add11 476.pdfASME VIII Div 1 - ed10add11 475.pdfASME I - ed10add2011 253.pdf

app 4 viii-1

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