17th MALAYSIAN FORESTRY CONFERENCE “A CENTURY OF FOREST MANAGEMENT: LESSONS LEARNT AND

THE WAY FORWARD”

UNIT PEMBANGUNAN DAN APLIKASI SISTEM

JABATAN HUTAN SARAWAK

APLIKASI TEKNOLOGI MAJU DALAM

OPERASI (PEMANTAUAN) PERHUTANAN

OUTLINE• Technological advancement in forest resource monitoring:

– Hyperspectral sensing systems (airborne)

• Applications development:– Forest Composition Mapping: Development of a spectral database of

mixed dipterocarp forests

– Forest Carbon Mapping: Development of a tool for estimation of biomass & carbon for juvenile mangrove plantings

– Forest Condition Assessment: Development of a forest clearing & degradation tool

– Evaluation of autonomous airborne (UAS) platform

• Extension of technology & knowledge:– Central Forest Spine project

– Natural resource mapping turnkey system

17th MALAYSIAN FORESTRY CONFERENCE “A CENTURY OF FOREST MANAGEMENT: LESSONS LEARNT AND THE WAY FORWARD”

HOW TO ENSURE SUSTAINABILITY

17th MALAYSIAN FORESTRY CONFERENCE “A CENTURY OF FOREST MANAGEMENT: LESSONS LEARNT AND THE WAY FORWARD”

PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI HIPERSPEKTRAL OPERASI PERHUTANAN(SYSTEMS APPLICATION AND DEVELOPMENT UNIT –SADU)

17th MALAYSIAN FORESTRY CONFERENCE “A CENTURY OF FOREST MANAGEMENT: LESSONS LEARNT AND THE WAY FORWARD”

AIRBORNE HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING SYSTEM(AHIS) FOR MAPPING

17th MALAYSIAN FORESTRY CONFERENCE “A CENTURY OF FOREST MANAGEMENT: LESSONS LEARNT AND THE WAY FORWARD”

COMPACT AIRBORNE TACTICAL SYSTEM (CATS) FOR FOREST MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT

1. Resolusi tinggi jika dibanding dengan sistem cerapan lain: Optikal (RGB): Resolusi spektral tinggi (jumlah band lebih serta

bandwidth yang halus) membolehkan perbezaan pada target lebihjelas.

Microwave (RADAR) & sistem cerapan optikal (MODIS & ASTER):Resolusi spatial serta spektral sistem dari pesawat udaramembolehkan target dikesan dengan lebih jelas.

2. Ketersediaan (system/dataset availability) yang tinggi: Kurang dipengaruhi oleh keadaan cuaca (cloud cover) pesawat

diterbangkan paras rendah.

Pemprosesan data dibuat secara terus (near real-time) selepas cerapan dibuat.

KELEBIHAN SISTEM CERAPAN

HIPERSPEKTRAL UDARA

HIGH RESOLUTION RGB IMAGING SYSTEMS

(LOW CONTRAST BETWEEN TARGET & BACKGROUND)

HIGH RESOLUTION RGB IMAGING SYSTEMS

(LOW CONTRAST BETWEEN TARGET & BACKGROUND)

TARGETS DETECTED WITH HYPERSPECTRAL

IMAGING DATASET

Development of applications…application development related to forestry operation and natural resource monitoring (P23 0990000 7003 & P23 0990000 7004)

FUNDING FROM FEDERAL GOVERNMENT UNDER 10TH

MALAYSIA DEVELOPMENT PLAN

to establish a spectral database of common tree species (canopyand emergent) in the mixed Dipterocarp forests of Sarawak.

SPECTRAL DATABASE OF MIXED DIPTEROCARP FORESTS

SCOPE OF WORK (Optical Imaging System)

SPECTRAL DATABASE OF MIXED DIPTEROCARP FORESTS

SPECTRAL DATABASE OF MIXED DIPTEROCARP FORESTS

SPECTRAL RESPONSE OF VEGETATION CANOPIES (Leaf Structural Characteristics)

SPECTRAL RESPONSE OF VEGETATION CANOPIES (Leaf Structural Characteristics)

Photos

Individual Sample Metadata

Individual Sample Spectral Profile

FOREST CARBON MAPPING

ISU BERKENAAN KAEDAH SEMASA DALAM PENGANGGARAN BIOJISIM/STOK KARBON

Approach:– Direct Relationship: between response

(spectral; intensity) from sensor and biomassvariables (AGB; total biomass)

– Indirect Relationship: inference based onplant attributes derived from sensor(structure; texture) to model relationship.

Methods:– LIDAR directly measures tree structural

attributes (canopy size & height; tree height)– SAR infers biomass from volumetric and

surface scattering– Optical Sensing infers biomass from direct

spectral response or from indirectdetermination of canopy attributes (crownarea)

REMOTE SENSING APPROACH TO BIOMASS ESTIMATION

PENGGANGARAN BIOJISIM/STOK KARBON BERDASARKAN CERAPAN UDARA

Kaedah HIBRID yang menggabungkan anggaran daripadaanalisa imej cerapan udara yang disokong oleh data lapangan.

PEMBAHAGIAN KOMPONEN BIOJISIM PADA ANAK

POKOK R.mucronata DI PERINGKAT JUVANA

BIOMASS/CARBON ESTIMATION TOOL

[MRV TOOL UNDER REDD+]

•…software application to automate the processing of airborne hyperspectral data forestimating biomass and carbon stock that would then generate the value (carbon credits)of each individual stem at juvenile stage.

SCALING-UP OF BIOMASS & CARBON ESTIMATES (Airborne Hyperspectral Imaging Dataset)

EVALUATION OF FOREST CONDITIONS

Forest Clearing Tool

Software program to analyze hyperspectral data for detecting timbers/logs and mappingclearings attributed to illegal logging activities

APPLICATION DEVELOPED FOR MONITORING ILLEGAL LOGGING

Clearings

Timber

ATTRIBUTES

Raw Image Data Processed Image Data

AREAS CLEARED BY LOGGING ACTIVITIES

DETECTION OF TIMBERS

TACTICAL INFORMATION (MOBILE MAPPING) FOR FIELD ENFORCEMENT PERSONNEL

Vector GPS Maps

Raster GPS Maps

APLIKASI CERAPAN UDARA HIPERSPEKTRAL

[PEMANTAUAN & PENGUATKUASAAN]

OPERASI PEMANTAUAN DAN PENGUATKUASAAN

DARI UDARA

19,000 PIECES OF LOGS DETAINED

IN 2014

CHOICE OF PLATFORM

Manned

(piloted)

aircraft

Unmanned

aircraft

(drones/uav)

Light aircraft

CHOICE OF PLATFORM

Costs- Acquisition- Operations & maintenance

Availability of aircraft- Shared facility

Payload capacity- Type of sensor (information derived)

Operational requirements- Approval/permits - Airspace/Data integrity

PERCUBAAN SISTEM UAS (MAY – OCTOBER 2013)

• GATEWING- Model : X100- Payload : RGB (NIR filter) Camera - Kwsn Kajian: Mangrove Replanting Site

• UAVER - Model : Swallow & Avian- Payload : RGB Camera - Kwsn Kajian : Mangrove Replanting Site

C-ASTRAL- Model : Bramor- Payload : Hyperspectral & RGB Camera - Kwsn Kajian : Forests (Finland) & Agriculture Fields (Slovenia)

PENGEMBANGAN APLIKASI KEPADA SISTEM UAV

(PEMETAAN KAWASAN TANAMAN BAKAU)

PENGEMBANGAN APLIKASI KEPADA SISTEM UAV

(PEMETAAN HUTAN KONIFER DI FINLAND)

10 km/hr wind

PENGEMBANGAN APLIKASI KEPADA SISTEM UAV

(PEMETAAN HUTAN KONIFER DI FINLAND)

HASIL SILARA POKOK PINE YANG DIEKSTRAK DARI IMEJ SENSOR FPI

REGULATIONS

1. Civil UAV registered in Malaysia must have:• Certificate of Airworthiness (> 20kg MTOW)• Permit to fly from DCA• Insured to meet liabilities in event of accident• Operator (Commander or Pilot) of UAV must hold valid PPL with proficiency in UAV

operations.

2. Exception (small model aircraft for recreational purposes) with following prohibitions:• No fly at controlled air space (high air traffic zone)• Operational ceiling < 400ft a.g.l (approval from ATC for higher ceiling)• Not allowed to conduct aerial work

3. UAV Operational requirements:• UAV-p must be able to take immediate active control of aircraft • Communications with ATC to report operations

OPERASI UAV(PERMOHONAN KEPADA PIHAK DCA)

PLATFORM UDARA LAIN

(RECREATIONAL/EXPERIMENTAL)

HYPERSPECTRAL SENSING FACILITYSYSTEMS APPLICATION AND DEVELOPMENT UNIT

(MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING DIVISION -MPD)

- Operational costs (RM3500-7000/hour)

- DCA approval sensor installation (3-12 months)

- Large area of coverage(2000-5000 hectares/day)

MULTI-PURPOSE (SENSING) PLATFORM

…a turnkey airborne sensing solution that would serve thegeospatial needs of various agencies in Malaysia. Key benefit ofsystem is the ability to obtain multiple key information at lowoperational costs.

PENGEMBANGAN TEKNOLOGI KE

PROJEK CENTRAL FOREST SPINE

(HUTAN SIMPAN AMAN JAYA, GERIK,

PERAK)

ANALISA PROJEKProjek Kerjasama: Jabatan Hutan Sarawak Bersama-sama Dengan Jabatan Perhutanan

Semenanjung Malaysia (JPSM) Dalam Cerapan Udara Dan Pemetaan Dirian Hutan Di Kawasan Central Forest Spine (CFS) Di Hutan Simpan Amanjaya, Gerik, Perak diadakan pada

21 Mei 2014 sehingga 25 Jun 2014.

Gerik Flight Sortie - plot-plot yang telah dikenalpasti

Sortie 1 – 9

Nota: Jumlah sortie= 12, 1 sortie = 15 min dan setiap 1 sortie mempunyai jarak 10 km.

PLOT 1

DESCRIPTIONS• SAMPLE/TREE NO : P1M3/1• LOCALITY : HUTAN SIMPAN AMAN

JAYA, GERIK PERAK• FAMILY : DIPTROCARPACEAE• GENUS : SHOREA• SPECIES : LAEVIS• VERNECULAR NAME : BALAU KUMUS

DESCRIPTIONS

• SAMPLE/TREE NO : P1M4/2

• LOCALITY : HUTAN SIMPAN AMAN JAYA, GERIK PERAK

• FAMILY : DIPTROCARPACEAE

• GENUS : SHOREA

• SPECIES : CURTISII

• VERNECULAR NAME : MERANTI SERAYA

PLOT 1

DESCRIPTIONS

• SAMPLE/TREE NO : P1M3/6

• LOCALITY : HUTAN SIMPAN AMAN JAYA, GERIK, PERAK

• FAMILY : DIPTEROCARPACEAE

• GENUS : HOPEA

• SPECIES : SULCATA

• VERNECULAR NAME : MERAWAN MERANTI

DESCRIPTIONS

• SAMPLE/TREE NO : P1M4/3

• LOCALITY : HUTAN SIMPAN AMAN JAYA, GERIK, PERAK

• FAMILY : ANACARDIACEAE

• GENUS : SWINTONIA

• SPECIES : SCHWENKII

• VERNECULAR NAME : RENGAS

TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

TRAINING OF JPSM STAFFS ON HYPERSPECTRAL

DATA ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING

TECHNOLOGY TRANSFERTRAINING OF JPSM STAFFS ON FIELD DATA COLLECTION AND

TREE MAPPING

PERCUBAAN HASIL APLIKASI HIPERSPEKTRAL

DIBANGUNKAN DI MALAYSIA UNTUK SISTEM UAV

DI FINLAND & SLOVENIA

Raw Image: Pine Trees & Vegetation

Background

Processed Image: Extracted Pine

Tree Crowns

Extending to international audience:…invitation by UNDP and Korea Forest Services for Forest Department Sarawak topresent Biomass/Carbon Estimation Tool at REDD+ MRV Workshop at SeoulNational University, Korea (Sept. 2012)

Workshop in Korea using

Biomass/Carbon Tool

UNIT PEMBANGUNAN DAN APLIKASI SISTEM, JABATAN HUTAN SARAWAKaffendi@sarawak.gov.my