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What does this cartoon say about working conditions during the Industrial Revolution?

The IndustrialThe Industrial Revolution Revolution in Great Britainin Great Britain

Inventions Spur Technological AdvancesInventions Spur Technological AdvancesBritain’s textile industry would be the first to be transformed. By 1800,

several inventions had modernized the cotton industry.

1733 – John Kay – “Flying Shuttle”

A shuttle sped back and forth on wheels. The flying shuttle, a

boat-shaped piece of wood to which yarn was attached,

doubled the work a weaver could do in a day.

1764 – James Hargreaves – “Spinning Jenny”

A spinning wheel used to weave yarn. It allowed a

spinner to work 8 threads at a time.

1769 – Richard Arkwright – “Water Frame”

Used water-power from rapid streams to drive spinning wheels.

1779 – Samuel Crompton – “Spinning Mule”

Combined the features of the spinning jenny and the water frame to make thread that was

stronger and finer.

1787 – Edmund Cartwright - “Power Loom”

Run by water-power. Sped up weaving.

What were the advantages and What were the advantages and disadvantages of these new machines?disadvantages of these new machines?

Cloth merchants could boost profits by speeding up production

Needed to be run by __________

The machines were large and expensive. This took the work of spinning and weaving out of the house and into the factory.

Progress in the textile industry spurred other technological inventions.

waterpower

1765 – ___________ – “Steam Engine”

Need for a cheap, convenient source of power was met with the invention of the steam engine.

James Watt

Improvements in TransportationImprovements in Transportation

Road Transportation John McAdam – Paved Roads – Early 1800s

Equipped roadbeds with a layer of large stones for drainage. On top, he placed a smoothed layer of crushed rock. Previously, rain and mud often made roads

impassable and men were known to drown in potholes.

Steam Locomotives George Stephenson – “The

Rocket” - 1829

Impact of the RailroadsImpact of the Railroads Railroads spurred industrial growth by giving manufacturers a cheap way to transport material and finished products.

Railroad boom created hundreds of thousands of new jobs for both railroad workers and miners.

The railroads boosted England’s agricultural and fishing industries, which could transport their products to distant cities.

By making travel easier, railroads encouraged people to take distant city jobs.

Factory ConditionsFactory ConditionsFactory Work Was Harsh:

• There were rigid schedules with _______________________

• Work was the same day after day, week after week.

• There were high injury rates. Frequent accidents ___________________________

• There was no ___________. Workers were fired for being sick, working too slow, or for no reason at all.

• Women and children were _________________

• Wages were low

long hours and few breaks

(Ex: lost limbs in machines)

job security

paid less than men

Boys in Coal MinesBoys in Coal Mines

MinerMinerA young driver in the Brown A young driver in the Brown mine. Has been driving one mine. Has been driving one

year. Works 7 a.m. to 5:30pm year. Works 7 a.m. to 5:30pm daily. daily.

Child coal miners

Girl hauling coal in a mine shaft

Children In Cotton MillChildren In Cotton Mill

Girl at Weaving Machine in Textile MillGirl at Weaving Machine in Textile Mill

Girls in Box FactoryGirls in Box Factory

Children At WorkChildren At Work

Glimpse of the Outside WorldGlimpse of the Outside World

What types of things do you think this young girl dreams of as she looks What types of things do you think this young girl dreams of as she looks out the factory window?out the factory window?

View Of Spinning RoomView Of Spinning Room

Entering WorkEntering Work

Young Knitters in a MillYoung Knitters in a Mill

Boys in a MillBoys in a Mill

Fish CuttersFish Cutters

Living ConditionsLiving ConditionsUrbanization:

• Cities became more common and more populated – some ______________________

• People migrated to cities looking for work, especially unemployed farmers due to the ______________.

• Cities were dirty and dangerous. There was a lack of sanitation laws, no fire and police departments, no running water.

Enclosure Acts

doubled or tripled in size

““Dens Of Death”Dens Of Death”

Rear View of a Rear View of a Tenement Tenement BuildingBuilding

Working class Working class neighborhood in neighborhood in Industrial LondonIndustrial London

A Dollar A Month To Sleep In ShedsA Dollar A Month To Sleep In Sheds

Life In A Tenement HouseLife In A Tenement House

Night In A TenementNight In A Tenement

How does this illustration How does this illustration depict city life for the depict city life for the

lower class?lower class?

Results of the Industrial RevolutionResults of the Industrial Revolution

I. Change in Social Structure

A. The ______________

Aristocratic nobles and landowners were still in control

B. The Capitalist Upper Class

They were ____________ who used their money to buy and

build factories and run large businesses.

C. The New Middle Class

Professionals, investors, merchants

They were financially stable, educated, and they _______ to

become upper class.

D. The New Working Class

Lowly, unskilled, mechanical, poor, __________________

Traditional elite

aspired

entreprenuers

uneducated workers

Middle Class views of the Working Class and the poor

According to this According to this drawing, how does the drawing, how does the middle class view the middle class view the

lower class?lower class?

• Middle-class families move away from cities (suburbanization)

• Middle-class women gain new roles in caring for children and the home

• Higher wages and increased leisure time (for some) led to more consumerism

and a mass leisure culture (popular newspapers, entertainment, vacations, team sports)

II. Family Life Changes / Class and Gender Distinctions

Middle-Class (rich) American family in Paris.

III. Labor movements

• Formed seeking better wages and working conditions.

• Workers organized into unions and threatened to strike.

• Eventually, laws limiting child labor, shorter working hours, and safer working conditions were introduced.

IV. New economic structures

• Emerge to address the new industrial society.

V. New government functions

• School compulsive until age 12, and even beyond

• Wider welfare measures and regulatory roles

• __________________ – Gave the Parliamentary right to vote to most middle-class men

Reform Bill of 1832

VI. Advances in scientific knowledge

_____________– Discover of Germs = sanitary regulations

Charles Darwin –________________

“Survival of the Fittest”

Albert Einstein – Theory of Relativity

_____________ – Theories of the human

subconscious

Louis Pasteur

Theory of Evolution Sigmund Freud

VII. New directions in artistic expression

_____________ – Artistic and intellectual movement that originated in the late 18th century and stressed strong emotion, imagination, freedom from classical correctness in art forms, and rebellion against social conventions.

The Wanderer above the Snowfields by Caspar David Friedrich

Sun Rising Through The Vapors by J.M.W. Turner

Romanticism