aphis national honey bee disease survey · usda honey bee pests survey •history –2009: pilot...
TRANSCRIPT
Results of the USDA
APHIS National Honey Bee Survey:
Robyn Rose, PhD
National Policy Manager
USDA Honey Bee Pests Survey
• History – 2009: Pilot survey in 3 states
• Test sampling methodology
– 2010: Limited survey in 13 state • Increased state participation • Data sampled over much of calendar year
– 2011: National Survey in 34 states – 2012: National Survey in 34 states – 2013: National Survey in 30 states
• Puerto Rico, Guam and Grenada
– 2014: National Survey in 20 states • Little/no funding for states to survey • Puerto Rico, Guam and Grenada
History
• 2015: National Survey in 38 states,
And Puerto Rico.
• Future 2016: National Survey in 43 states (including Alaska and Hawaii), Puerto Rico, and Guam
– Highest participation to date
– Highlights the importance that the survey receives funding
Overview
• Monitoring for invasive pests and new pathogens
– Tropilaelaps, A. cerana, and SBPV
Photo by I.B> Smith Jr./USDA-BRL
Photo By: Ken Walker
This was a Great opportunity collect other disease information on a national scale:
-nosema spp., varroa, viruses, pesticide detection
- free disease diagnostics to the beekeeper - nation-wide database of disease levels comparable across years
Methods
• 24 Apiaries Sampled per State – 48 in California
• 8 Hives Sampled per Apiary • Composite Samples • 3 Sample Methods
– Alcohol “Wet” Sample – Live Bee Sample – Tropilaelaps “Bump” Sample
• 10 Pollen Samples per State – When funding is available
Methods
• Apiaries need 10 colonies
• 10 of 24 apiaries are queen breeders.
• Half migratory/Half stationary
• States divided into four quadrants.
• Special Consideration for ports.
Methods – Alcohol Sample
• Alcohol “Wet” Sample
– Nosema spp
– Varroa Mites
• Samples Sent to UMD to be processed
Methods – Live Sample
• Live Bee Sample – Viruses
• IAPV • KBV • DWV • ABPV • SBPV • LSV-2 • CBPV
– Samples Sent USDA, Beltsville to be processed
Methods – Bump Sample
• Tropilaelaps “Bump” Sample
Methods – Pollen Sample
• Pollen Sampling
– 10 Apiaries per State
– 10 States in 2015
– Analyzed for
Over 170 Pesticides
– Report this year includes a short description of each pesticide found in all national samples
Varroa Mite Prevalence
Varroa Mite Load
Nosema Prevalence
Nosema Load
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
80.00%
90.00%
100.00%
Pre
vale
nce
Month
DWV Monthly Viral Prevalence 2009-2014
Viral Analysis
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
80.00%
90.00%
100.00%
Pre
vale
nce
Month
BQCV Monthly Viral Prevalence 2009-2013
Pesticide Analysis • 17.6 % had no detectable contamination • Average pesticide residues = 2.4 • 727 pesticide samples
Pesticide Analysis
Pesticide Results
• Most prevalent pesticides are miticides:
• Coumaphos and its metabolites (detected in 37.7% of the samples)
• Fluvalinate (detected in 50% of the samples)
• Thymol (detected in 21.1% of the samples)
• Amitraz metabolite Dimethylphenyl (detected in 21.3% of samples)
• INSECTICIDE: Chlorpyrifos (detected in 20.4% of the samples)
• Average of 2.4 chemicals per sample, highest number in one sample was 15 chemicals
Pesticide Analysis
n=20 n=18 n=111 n=347
What we do • In field colony monitoring
– Tech teams
• Loss and Management Survey
• With the goal of reducing colony losses and finding best management practices for all levels of beekeepers
Tech teams • Short term: Provide individual
beekeepers with useful information about their colonies – Queen Status
– Size of colonies
– Brood pattern
– Varroa/Nosema levels
– Virus Levels
– Hygienic
• Long-Term: Reduce overall US colony loss by using data to develop best management practices for different regions
Loss Survey 37% loss annually
Special Big Thanks to all the Participating States!