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World Meteorological OrganizationWorking together in weather, climate and water

WMO; Climate and Water Department www.wmo.int

WMO

Training of Trainers Integrated Flood Management, Jakarta, IndonTraining of Trainers Integrated Flood Management, Jakarta, Indonesiaesia2323--27 February 200927 February 2009

Floods and the Development Process

Floods as a resource and as a risk

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Settling on floodplains poses great risks (expected losses)

www.gaestehaus-loreley.de

SPIEGEL ONLINE 2004

and at the same time has enormous advantages

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Flood losses increase, but…

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Shortcomings of past FM Practices

–Ad-hoc and stand alone–Reactive rather than proactive–Wrongly defined objective–Emphasis on structural measures–Monodisciplinary–Lessons from past failure not learnt

Flood policy is a neglected water policy issue on the international as well as, in many cases, the national level

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Why Integrated Flood Management

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Sustainable Development

Development that "meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”

In the flood management context mainly on the viability of floodplain use in the long term

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Challenges of Flood Management

Population increase

Securing livelihoods

Ecosystem Conservation

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Climate Variability and Change

ww

w.aw

itness.org

Absolute safety from flooding is a myth

cumulus.geol.iastate.edu/

Changes in the decision making processes(Community Participation)

Challenges of Flood Management

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Other important challenges of Flood ManagementDeveloping Countries are Hit the Hardest

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Other important challenges of Flood ManagementFood Security

Other challenges of Flood Management

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Integrated Flood Management (IFM) refers to the integration of

land and water management in the context of Integrated Water

Resources Management (IWRM)

Integrated Flood Management (IFM) refers to the integration of

land and water management in the context of Integrated Water

Resources Management (IWRM)

Integrated Flood Management (IFM)

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Integrated Flood Management: Objectives

–Sustainable development: balancing development needs and flood risks

–Maximizing net benefits: ensure livelihood security, povertyalleviation and managing vulnerability

–Minimizing loss of life

–Environmental preservation

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– Land and Water Management– Upstream and Downstream– Structural and Non-structural– Short term and Long-term– Local and basin level measures– Top down and Bottom up decision making– Development needs with ecologic and

economicconcerns

– Functional Integration of Institutions

– Land and Water Management– Upstream and Downstream– Structural and Non-structural– Short term and Long-term– Local and basin level measures– Top down and Bottom up decision making– Development needs with ecologic and

economicconcerns

– Functional Integration of Institutions

IFM: IFM: TowardsTowards IntegrationIntegration ofof

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IWRM

Community Participation

Legal Aspects

Non-structural

Development Stages in Flood Management

- time

Structural

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Recognition that a river basin is a dynamic system with many interactions/fluxes between land and water bodies

Characteristics of IFM

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Characteristics of IFM

Linkages between upstream changesand downstream effects and vice-versa

ww

w.astrosurf.com

Land use plans and water management to be combined in synthesized plan through co-ordination between land management and water management authorities

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• Cross-sectoral integration and consistency in approaches to all natural hazards

Characteristics of IFM

•Effective dissemination of forecasts and early warnings by a single designated authority

•“Multi-hazard” emergency planning and management on appropriate institutional levels

Integrated hazard management approaches

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• Involvement of all stakeholders in the dialogue/ decision-making process

• Decentralization of decision-making with appropriate mechanisms

• Optimal mix of bottom-up and top-down approachesEffective conflict resolution mechanisms

• Involvement of all stakeholders in the dialogue/ decision-making process

• Decentralization of decision-making with appropriate mechanisms

• Optimal mix of bottom-up and top-down approachesEffective conflict resolution mechanisms

Characteristics of IFM

Participatory Approach

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Regional Pilot Projects

Central and Eastern Europe (CEE)

Africa

South AsiaCentral America (?)

South America

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Ganges-Brahamputra-Meghna (GBM) BasinGanges-Brahamputra-Meghna (GBM) Basin

Regional Pilot Project - South Asia

Community Approach to Flood Management

BangladeshIndia

Nepal

• Formation of “Community Flood Management Committee (CFMC)”

• Preparation of a manual on Community Approach to Flood Management

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Lake Victoria Basin

UgandaRwandaBurundi

Kenya

Tanzania

Regional Pilot Project - Africa

Strategy for Flood Management in Kenya

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• JICA has started working on IFM plan for Nyando River Basin

Establishment of the Strategy

Launched by Honourable Martha Karua, MWRMD, Government of Kenya

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Regional Pilot Project - South America

River Cuareim/Quarai

Uruguay

Brazil Purpose• To develop a flood management plan

within the framework of IFM

Achievement• Design and implementation of a flood

forecast system• Planning and design of an emergency

plan• Territorial ordering as well as measures

that can be effective for flood management.

Purpose• To develop a flood management plan

within the framework of IFM

Achievement• Design and implementation of a flood

forecast system• Planning and design of an emergency

plan• Territorial ordering as well as measures

that can be effective for flood management.

Trans-boundary issues

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Regional Pilot Project - CEEFlash Floods

Poland

Slovakia

Community resilience to cope with the effects of flash floods especially under the circumstance where early warnings are not readily available

Community resilience to cope with the effects of flash floods especially under the circumstance where early warnings are not readily available

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Example of Switzerland• History of flood protection• History of economic development• History of flood losses

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IFM Concept PaperIFM Concept Paper

Economic AspectsEconomic Aspects

Legal AspectsLegal Aspects

Supplementary papersKey Paper

Environmental AspectsEnvironmental Aspects

Compilation of supplementary papers

Social AspectsSocial Aspects

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Flood losses increase, but…

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Flood losses increase, but we shall think

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“In the case of floods, the appropriate economic objective is thus to maximize the efficiency of use of the catchment and not to minimize flood losses. Trends in national flood losses need not provide any guide to the success or failure of the national hazard management strategy adopted: It can be easily shown that efficient flood management policy can be accompanied by a rise in both flood losses and the cost of flood management.”

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Summary: Challenges from the past: the Water Sector’s recommendations of the 90’s. New challenges: the disaster community. (Climate change)

Opportunities: Implementing IFM as a sustainable development policy, preventing the perverse impact of reducing flood losses as the overall objective.

Immediate need: Training in the field of risk management

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www.apfm.info